VACCINE

Group V

Eka Putri Dewi (115090107111010)Ferlany Hardiyanti (115090101111009)Nanda Yuli Rahmawati (115090100111010)

A vaccine is substance used to stimulate a person’s immunity (protection against) a certain disease.

Some vaccines stimulate immunity by encouraging the body to make antibodies (humoral immunity).

VACCINE

Liveattentuanted

•Form of the wild virus or bacterium •Can replicate themselves so the immune response almost similar to natural infection

Inactivated•Cannot replicate and thus generally not as effective as live vaccines•Immune response mostly antibody based

KIND OF VACCINE

How to make vaccine?

Fig 1. Mechanism to make vaccine

VIDEO

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Even 2,500 Years Ago, People Knew Immunity Worked.

Greek physicians noticed that people who survived smallpox never got it again.

The insight: Becoming infected by certain diseases gives immunity.

Vaccination• Edward Jenner 1796 : Cowpox/Swinepox

• 1800’s Compulsory childhood vaccination

Fast forward 2300 years

Smallpox

•1% v. 25% mortality

•Increase immunity

• UK: 1700’s

• China 1950

•Pakistan/Afghanistan/Ethiopia 1970

pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ppt-vir/vaccine.ppt

Variolation was a huge advance

SmallpoxAs a result, after a world-wide effort

Smallpox was eliminated as a human disease in 1979

pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ppt-vir/vaccine.ppt

A live or inactivated substance derived from a pathogen (e.g bacteria or virus)capable of producing an immune response

Expose the patient to an Antigen

If the patient is subsequently exposed to infectious agent carrying this Antigen they will mount a faster immune response

How does vaccination work?

Molecular Biology of the Cell Alberts et al

Patient exposed to pathogenCarrying antigens A and B

It works like this

How the Vaccine Work ?

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Breasts produce colostrum beginning during pregnancy and continuing through

the early days of breastfeeding.

This special milk is yellow to orange in color and thick and sticky. It is low in fat, and high in carbohydrates, protein, and

antibodies to keep the baby healthy.

What Is Colustrum ?

Colostrum actually works as a natural and 100% safe vaccine.

It contains large quantities of an antibody called secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) which is a new substance to the newborn.

Before the baby was born, he received the benefit of another antibody, called IgG, through placenta

Colostrum vs Breast Milk

Genetically Modified Vaccine

Application Of Genetic Engineering In Development Using Bacterial Vaccine Hepatitis Saccharomyces cereviciae To Prevent Hepatitis B Virus Infection