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TRANSCRIPT
email: [email protected]øŒ‰vÚÛî¦ô¢Ù 31  2019 -
Directions (Qs.1-10): Read the followingpassage divided into number of paragraphscarefully and answer the questions thatfollow it.
Paragraph 1: A scam in the Punjab NationalBank (PNB) has been in the news.Policymakers have responded emphatically.The Fugitive Economic Offenders Bill is underactive consideration. The National FinancialReporting Authority is being set up. The focusin all this is on checking fraud. It is interesting,however, that the PNB fraud involves amaximum possible loss of Rs.11,394 crore forthe PNB; this is not even 1% of the total badloans, which are humongous in India. RuchirSharma reported that “... by 2014 ... in all,roughly 15% of state bank loans had gonebad” in India. Bad loans have been huge butsurprising as it may sound, relativelyspeaking, not very many frauds havehappened in the larger picture on banks inIndia. Yet the non-performing assets (NPAs)are humongous. Why?
Paragraph 2: Evaluation of firms is requirednot just in the stock market but in banks aswell. After all, banks cannot always rely onthe analysis of others even if they haveaccess to such analysis, which is usually notthe case. Moreover, the needs of informationand analysis for banks can be somewhatdifferent. Also, banks are dealing with not justlisted firms but also unlisted firms, which aretypically not covered by stock analysts. So,the banks need to do their own homeworkand go well beyond the prevailing reputationsof businesses. Only then will they be able tolend somewhat safely.
Paragraph 3: It is true that if financialmarkets are unambiguously efficient, thenasset prices are right. Then, banks can relyon the observed market capitalization of listedfirms and accordingly decide on loans tothem. Based on the market capitalization oflisted firms, banks could make estimates ofthe market values of unlisted firms, and lendto these accordingly. However, financialmarkets are, as Nobel laureate Robert Shillerhas shown, not unambiguously efficient.So, lenders need to carry out their ownindependent analysis to evaluate firms. Onlythen can they keep NPAs to the minimum.
Paragraph 4: When loans are given to firmsin India, bankers often have in mind the realestate holdings of such firms. These holdingsare typically evaluated considering theirmarket prices. These prices are expected toremain stable, if not appreciate. This premiseis, as research by this author has shown,questionable. Banks need to consider this.Then risk assessment is better.
Paragraph 5: Assessment of economic risksrequires banking personnel who aremeaningfully educated, competent, insightfuland visionary. Unfortunately, these qualitiesare hardly emphasized in the process ofrecruitment and promotions. This needs tochange. Economic risks can be present evenif frauds are kept in check. Unfortunately, thisrather simple economic point is being missedout in policymaking.1. What surprising issue has been discussed
in paragraph 1?1) Indian banks have suffered with huge
bad loans.2) The fraud in banks is far less than the
total bad loans.3) The PNB has been reported with
highest non-performing assets.4) PNB has been in news regarding
frauds. 5) All of the above2. What step (s) should be taken by the
banks to avoid the loss?1) Banks should analyse the cause of the
loss for overcoming it.2) Banks need to increase the good loan
to compensate for bad loans.3) Banks need to go beyond the analysis
of stock analysts.4) Both 1 and 3 5) All are correct
3. Non- performing Assets are dependent on1) The inefficiency of financial market 2) Market capitilisation of listed firms3) Uncertainty in evaluation of the firms 4) Both 1 and 3 5) All
4. Which of the following sentence(s) can beinferred from paragraph 3 and paragraph 4?I) Banks should not rely on the market
prices of real estate holdings.II) Efficiency of financial markets is not
ambivalent.III) Market prices of real estate holding are
stable.1) Only I 2) Only III
3) Both II and III 4) Both I and II5) All are correct
5. What does the author mean by thestatement “Economic risks can be presenteven if frauds are kept in check.”?I) Other economic risks like bad loans also
need attention.II) Bank frauds can be prevented but
Economic risks cannot.III) Economic risks affect the investment, if
not checked while frauds affect theoverall banking business.
1) Only I 2) Only III 3) Both II and III 4) Both I and II5) All are correct
6. Which of the following is a tone of theauthor in the passage?1) Cynical 2) Nostalgic 3) Critical4) Didactic 5) Narrative
7. Which of the following alternatives amongthe five options provides the most similarmeaning(s) of the word “Humongous” asused in the passage?A) huge B) immense C) grotesque D) prodigious1) Only A 2) Only B and D 3) Only A and B 4) Only A, B and D 5) None of these
8. Which of the following alternatives amongthe five options provides the most similarmeaning(s) of the word 'Unambiguous' asused in the passage?A) discernible B) explicit C) unmitigated D) unequivocal1) Only A 2) Only B and D 3) Only A and B 4) Only A, B and D 5) None of these
9. Which of the following alternatives amongthe five options provides the most oppositein meaning(s) of the word 'competent' asused in the passage?A) requisite B) naive C) facile D) dexterous1) Only B 2) Only B and D 3) Only A and C 4) Only A, B and D 5) None of these
10. Which of the following alternatives amongthe five options provides the mostopposite meaning(s) of the word 'rely' asused in the passage?
A) redress B) ignore C) disdain D) confide
1) Only C 2) Only B and C 3) Only A and B 4) Only A, B and D 5) None of these
Directions (Qs.11-20): In the followingpassage there are blanks, each of which hasbeen numbered. These numbers are printedbelow the passage and against each, fiveoptions are given. Find out the appropriateword which fits into the blank appropriately.
The theory that authoritarian governmentscan ..... (11) ..... policy consensus moreeasily than multiparty democracies holdssome ..... (12)..... . Critical reforms in acountry like India are often ..... (13) ..... bythe political conflict ..... (14) ..... in thedemocratic process. But if that were thewhole story, then all dictatorships would beeconomic powerhouses. The case of Asia’shyper-growth economies suggests what isimportant isn’t ..... (15) ..... itself, but whatpolicies the autocrat chooses to impose-and,more importantly, to whom he listens.
Historically, Asia’s most successfulstrongmen have all benefited from ..... (16)..... sound economic guidance. In SouthKorea, long-serving ruler Park Chung-hee .....(17) ..... that top economic posts be filled byhighly ..... (18) ..... economists and otherprofessionals. As one study put it, “Thoughpolitical agencies in the early Park regimewere ..... (19) ..... by the military, economicagencies generally were not. Rather, underPark the ..... (20) ..... of economics experts inthe Korean government rose considerably.”
11. 1) impose 2) deliver 3) give 4) urge 5) demand
12. 1) fault 2) belief 3) merit 4) payment 5) attraction
13. 1) enlightened 2) clasp 3) abet 4) joined 5) stymied
14. 1) invested 2) engrained 3) chisel4) defined 5) erode
15. 1) autocracy 2) calamity 3) racism 4) democracy 5) brutality
16. 1) commonly 2) remarkably 3) odd 4) higher 5) violently
17. 1) endured 2) acquired 3) insisted4) pretended 5) argued
18. 1) amateurish 2) master 3) whole4) trained 5) expert
19. 1) followed 2) ordered 3) oppressed4) direct 5) dominated
20. 1) feature 2) report 3) status 4) phase 5) place
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SBI Jr. Associates Model PaperNo. of Questions: 100 Max. Marks: 100 Time: 1 Hr.
Preliminary Exam
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