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    Design of WLAN Notch UWBAntenna with Improved Band

    Selectivity

    Presented by:

    R.NateshM.E.- Comm. Systems(P.T.)Reg. No.: 910011818022

    Guided by:

    Mr.V.Arun M.E.,Department of Electronics & Communication EngineeringANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAIREGIONAL CENTRE, MADURAI

    28 December 2013

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    Objective

    To design UWB antenna with

    Notch band for WLAN 802.11 a of 5.15 GHz to 5.825 GHz

    Improved band selectivity

    Band selectivity can be improved by introducing

    Quarter wavelength open ended slot for lower frequency

    of 5.15 GHz

    Half wavelength short ring of 5.825 GHz in ground planenear feed line

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    Outline

    IntroductionUltra Wideband and its advantages Interferences and notch antenna

    Literature Survey

    Survey works and Problem Identification

    Work Background Microstrip Patch Antenna , Feeding Techniques and its shapes

    Microstrip Patch Antenna Design

    Proposed Work

    System Flow Diagram

    Antenna Design

    Results and Discussions

    Conclusion and Future work

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    Introduction

    In 2002 FCC released the regulation for Ultra wideband

    Spectrum from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz is allocated

    Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) is less than -

    41.3 dBm/MHz for the unlicensed indoor UWB wireless

    communication system

    UWB technology which is based on transmitting ultra short

    pulses with duration of only a few nanoseconds or less

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    Introduction

    Advantages of UWB antenna

    High data rates and large channel capacity

    Excellent immunity to multipath interference

    Low complexity and cost

    Low power consumption

    Coexistence with other wireless communication

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    Interferences in UWB

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    UWB Notch Antenna

    UWB antenna should be designed with a notch

    UWB transmitters should not cause any electromagnetic

    interference to nearby communication systems

    To avoid interferences with other narrow band frequencies

    antenna must filter

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved

    Result

    Problems

    faced

    1 Yi-Cheng Lin,Member, IEEE, andKuan-Jung Hung(November 2006),

    CompactUltrawidebandRectangular ApertureAntenna and Band-Notched Designs inIEEE Transactions onAntennas andPropagation, vol. 54,no. 11.

    Slotantenna wasdesigned forUWB

    applicationswhich haswidebandwidthFork likestub requireslarge spaceDifficult tomodify thedesignedantenna forband notch

    Rectangularaperture etchedout from theground plane

    with FR4substrateThree bandnotch designimplementedAperture areareducedisolated,open andparasitic stripsintroduced

    ReturnLoss > -10dB for 5-6.4GHz

    Isolatedslit hasbetterperformancewhereparasiticstrip haspoorperformance

    Notchbandinterferewith UWB

    frequencydue toparasiticelement

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved

    Result

    Problems

    faced

    2 Qing-Xin Chu,Member, IEEE, andYing-Ying Yang(December 2008), A

    Compact Ultrawideband AntennaWith 3.4/5.5 GHzDual Band-NotchedCharacteristics inIEEE Transactions onAntennas andPropagation, vol. 56,no.12.

    Cansuitable onlyfor narrowfrequency

    notch bandnotminimizes thenotch bandproperlynotsuitable forportablesystems

    Dual bandnotchcharacteristicsof 3.4 and 5.5

    GHzFR4 substratewith dielectricconstant of 4.4two nested C-shaped slots inUWB antennafor notch bandsin the patch

    Dualnotch bandachievedfrom 3.3-3.6

    GHz and 5-6GHz

    Slotproduced inthe patchwhich

    possible tointerferencewith theUWBfrequency

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved

    Result

    Problems

    faced

    3 Yan Zhang, WeiHong,Yu-Dan Don,and Jian-Yi Zhou(2008), Planar

    UltrawidebandAntennas WithMultiple NotchedBands Based onEtched Slots on thePatch and/or SplitRing Resonators on

    the Feed Line inIEEE Transactions onAntennas andPropagation, vol. 56,no. 9.

    Only onenotch bandcan performFrequency

    band coversfrom 2 to 6.5GHz

    Three narrowband notchband introducedfor 2.4,3.5,5.8

    GHz by parasiticThreeantennas1. Several slots

    etched onpatch

    2. Special feedline withband notch

    3. Synthesizeby formertwo

    CoversUWB rangeof 2.110.5GHz

    Triplenotch bandsof1. 2.23-

    2.45 GHz2. 3.26

    3.48 GHz3. 5.54

    5.88 GHz Ant.2 in

    1.899.8 GHz

    Not inUWB rangeDue toparasitic

    elementsimperfectwill occurs

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved

    Result

    Problems

    faced

    4 Yuan Dan Dong, WeiHong, SeniorMember, IEEE, ZhenQi Kuai, and Ji Xin

    Chen, (July 2009),Analysis of PlanarUltrawidebandAntennas with On-Ground Slot Band-Notched Structuresin IEEE Transactionson Antennas andPropagation, vol. 57,no. 7.

    incorporateslots into theantennasmain radiator

    they holdback theradiation ofthe mainpatch ofnotchfrequency

    Two antennas1. pair of open

    ended L-shape on

    ground2. pair of

    square halfwavelengthslotresonator

    Dielectricsubstrate withdielectricconstant of 2.65Designed tonotch 5.8 GHz

    Notchband canachievedfrom 5.1

    GHz to 6.3GHz

    Notchband out ofrange

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved

    Result

    Problems

    faced

    5 Tzyh-Ghuag Ma adJyh-Woei Tsai,(August 2010),Band-Rejected Ultra

    wideband PlanarMonopole Antennawith High FrequencySelectivity andControllableBandwidth UsingInductively Coupled

    Resonator Pairs inIEEE Transactions onAntennas andPropagation, vol. 58,no.8.

    Previousmethodssingle pairresonator is

    usedFrequencyselectivity isdifficultBandwidthcontrolled isdifficultAsynchronously tunedcoupledresonators

    Utilizing twopair ofhorizontallyplaced folded

    strip withinductivecoupling schemeRogerssubstrate withdielectricconstant of 3.38RejectionBand at 5.15GHz-5.85 GHz

    RetrunLoss < -10dB,3 GHz-8GHz

    ReturnLoss > -5dB,5.075-5.375GHzMaximumRL -2.72dB,5.18 GHz

    Notcoversentire UWBrange

    Selectivityof notchband ispoor

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved

    Result

    Problems

    faced

    6 Zhi-An Zheng, Qing-Xin Chu, Member,IEEE, and Zhi-HongTu, (February 2011),

    Compact Band-RejectedUltrawideband SlotAntennas InsertingWith 2 and 4Resonators in IEEETransactions OnAntennas andPropagation, vol. 59,no. 2.

    filters usednotcompactsmaller

    size antennaReturn Loss

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved

    Result

    Problems

    faced

    7 Kenny SeungwooRyu, StudentMember, IEEE, andAhmed A. Kishk,

    Fellow, IEEE(December 20009),UWB Antenna withSingle or Dual Band-Notches for LowerWLAN Band andUpper WLAN Bandin IEEE Transactionson Antennas andPropagation, vol. 57,no. 12.

    Notchband createdonly for loweror upper

    WLANMulti bandnot producesappropriatebandrejectionStrongcouplingbetween twoband notch

    Two antennasdesigned forsingle notch anddual band notch

    Ant.1implemented bysingle notch offrequency from4.77-5.77 GHzAnt.2implemented bydual notch of5.05-5.04 GHz &5.75-5.87 GHz

    Ant.1producesnotch bandof 4.98 to

    6.3 GHzAnt.2producesnotch bandof 5.12-5.59GHz and 5.7-5.948 GHz

    Notchband out ofrange wereWLAN

    creates5.15-5.85GHz

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    Literature Survey

    Sl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved Result

    Problemsfaced

    8 A Novel PrintedUWB Slot Antenna

    withReconfigurableBand-NotchCharacteristicsNasrin Tasouji,Javad Nourinia,

    Changiz Ghobadi,and Farzad Tofigh

    Only onenotch used

    modifiedrectangular

    Patchantennas witha circular andthreerectangularslots cut on it

    FR4substrate

    bandwidth about

    3.12 to12.51GHzNotchbands of3.12 to

    3.84 GHzWiMAXand 5-6.07 GHzWLAN

    Not on aUWB

    frequencyrange

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    Literature Survey

    Sl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved Result

    Problemsfaced

    9 Triple Band-Notched UWBPlanar MonopoleAntenna Using aModified H-ShapedResonatorY. Sung

    multipleresonatorsneeded formultipleband notchfrequencies

    embeddeda modified H-shapedresonator withan with anadditionalouter linebeside the

    microstripfeed line

    VSWR>2Bandstop at3 GHz5.2 GHz7.25 to8.395

    GHz

    Only onenotch bandhad the flatresponse

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieve

    d Result

    Problems

    faced

    10 Rotatable DualBand-NotchedUWB/Triple-Band

    WLANReconfigurableAntennaParisa Lotfi,MohammadnaghiAzarmanesh

    work eitherin notchband or

    triple WLANfrequencyband

    controlledthe rotationalpatch at

    differentstates

    overallgain was1dBi

    1.6 dBifor firstband0.9 dBiforsecond

    band0.5 dBifor thirdband

    gain variesfromdifferent

    bands inTriple bandreconfigurable WLAN

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieve

    d ResultProblemsfaced

    11 Multiple Band-Notched UWBAntenna WithBand-Rejected

    ElementsIntegrated in theFeed LineFuguo Zhu, StevenGao, Anthony TSHo, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, Chan H.See, TimWCBrown,Jianzhou Li

    cointerferenceoccurred inmultiband

    notch

    Triple notchobtained byhalf circlepatch with an

    openrectangular slotand half circleground

    5 dBiandVSWRobtained

    in thestopbands of22Notchbands in3.3 to3.6 GHz,5.15 -5.35GHz,5.725-5.825GHz

    limited bandnotchperformance

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieve

    d Result

    Problems

    faced

    12 BandwidthEnhancement ofCPW-Fed Circle-Like

    Slot Antenna WithDual Band-NotchedCharacteristicSeyed RaminEmadian, ChangizGhobadi, Javad

    Nourinia

    employing afractalshaped

    tuning stubsembeddinga pair of Lshapedstubs one ormore band

    rejectedelementshadobtained

    circle likeslots and twonested C

    shaped stubs

    frequency rangesfrom 2.5

    to 25 GHzVSWRless than2

    Minimumgain wasachieved in

    the lowerfrequencies

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    Literature SurveySl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology Achieved

    Result

    Problems

    faced

    13 Novel Design ofDual Band-Notched MonopoleAntenna withBandwidthEnhancement forUWB ApplicationsNasser Ojaroudiand Mohammad

    Ojaroudi

    antennadesignedwithin theantennaradiator orthe backside of thelayer

    squareradiatingpatch with ainverted Tshaped slotsurrounded byC shaped slotInserting aT shaped slot

    insideinverting T

    frequency rangeoperates in2.71 to12.06 GHzradiationefficiencyof 31%and 29% in

    notchbands

    didnt hada sharpselectivityon notchbands

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    Literature Survey

    Sl.No Title & Author Problems Methodology AchievedResult Problemsfaced

    14 A CompactNotched Band UWBSlot Antenna withSharp Selectivityand ControllableBandwidthQing-Xin Chu, Chun-Xu Mao, and He Zhu

    didnt offerssharpselectivity

    By slittingan openended quarterwavelengthslot and shortended halfwavelengthon the ground

    near thestepped slot

    Selectivityimprovedin rangeof 5.15 to5.85 GHz

    only singlenotchfrequency isobtained

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    Problem Identification

    Selectivity of notch band was very low

    Strong coupling between notch bands

    Size of the antenna becomes lager

    Resonator used in a back side of antenna

    Bandwidth controlled is difficult

    Asynchronously coupled resonators used

    Notch band implemented in main radiator

    Difficult to modify the design of notch

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    Microstrip Patch Antenna

    What is a Microstrip Antenna?

    A Microstrip Antenna consists of

    radiating patch on one side

    of dielectric and ground

    plane on the other side of

    dielectric

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    Different shapes of MicrostripAntenna

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    Advantages & Disadvantages ofMicrostrip Antenna

    Advantages:Light weight

    Very easy to integrate with MICs

    Very low costLow profile planner

    Disadvantages

    Narrow bandwidth

    Low efficiency

    Poor polarizationLow gain

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    Rectangular Patch AntennaDesign

    L = Length of Microstrip element

    W= Width of Microstrip element

    t= Thickness of Patch

    h= Height of dielectric substrate

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    Rectangular Patch AntennaDesign

    1. Calculation of Width(W)W = c/(2fo*((r+1)/2))

    c= Free space velocity of lightr= Dielectric constant of substrate

    2. Extension length can be calculated asL = 0.412h*[(eff+ 0.3)(W/h + 0.264)]/[( eff0.258)(W/h + 0.8)]

    L = Extension Lengtheff = Effective dielectric constant

    3. Actual Patch Length(L) can be calculated asL = c/(2fo*(r))2L

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    Different Feeding Techniques

    Coaxial Feed TechniqueMicrostrip Feed

    Aperture Coupled Feed

    Quarter-Wavelength Feed

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    Proposed Work

    Create a stepped radiator to work in a UWB range

    Microstrip patch antenna of FR4_epoxy substrate with

    dielectric constant of 4.4

    Notch band created for the frequency range 5.15- 5.825 GHz

    Create a open ended quarter wavelength slot for 5.15 GHz

    Create a short ended half wavelength slot for 5.825 GHz

    Insert feed matching network

    Matched to 50 ohm

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    Substrate Selection

    First design step is to choose suitable substrate of appropriate

    thickness h and loss tangent

    Thicker substrate will mechanically strong will increase radiated

    power, reduce conductor losses and improve impedance bandwidth

    Substrate with r 2.5 are preferred

    Gain variation takes place

    Substrate volume also takes care

    Patch dimension also takes place in selection of substrate

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    Substrate Selection

    Gain Response of Antenna with different substrate

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    Why Microstrip Feed used?

    Input impedance could be reduced

    Current increases in magnitude towards centre

    Hence Voltage also increases in magnitude

    Used to tune Input Impedance to desired value

    Easy to design

    y mpe ance matc

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    y mpe ance matcused?

    Antenna impedance relates the voltage to the current at the input to

    the antenna

    30- Good power handling capacity and High Attenuation

    77- Low attenuation and low power handling capacity

    Average of 30and 77gives 53.5rounds 50

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    Tools Used

    ANSYS HFSS (High Frequency Structural Simulator)

    Tool Background

    It is a commercial finite element method solver for electromagneticstructures depends on the antenna type and structure and also thenumerical method which you want to utilize

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    System Flow Chart

    Create a Rectangular Patch antennafor UWB frequency

    Create a quarter wavelength openend slot for 5.15 GHz

    Create a half wavelength short endring on ground slot for 5.825 GHz

    Insert feed matches to 50 ohm

    Output to Microstrip Feed

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    UWB Antenna Design

    HFSS DESIGN OF UWB ANTENNA

    SubstrateFR4 Epoxy substratedielectric constant r= 4.4

    loss tangent =0.002Dimensions

    Length(L) =22 mmWidth(W) =15 mmHeight(H) =0.8 mmGround thickness =0.08 mm

    l i f h d

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    Implementation of Notch Bands

    To eliminate WLAN 802.11a frequency of 5.155.825 GHz, two

    slots were etched

    One is open ended slot for eliminate lowest band of 5.15 GHz

    Other is short ended slot were etched for 5.825 GHz on the groundplane

    length of the open and short ended slot can be calculated by

    L Slot = c/4fl eff

    L Ring = c/2fh eff

    Where c is speed of light

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    Proposed Antennas

    HFSS DESIGN OF PROPOSED ANTENNAS WITH NOTCH

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    Proposed Antenna

    HFSS DESIGN OF PROPOSED ANTENNAS WITH WLAN NOTCH

    DimensionsOpen ended slot Length = 8.6mmOpen ended slot Width = 0.3mmShort ended Ring Length =17.96mmShort ended Ring Width = 0.3mm

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    Results and discussions

    VSWR and Return Loss Results of UWB Antenna

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    Results and discussions

    VSWR and Return Loss Results of UWB Antenna with 5.15 GHz Notch

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    Results and discussions

    VSWR and Return Loss Results of UWB Antenna with 5.825 GHz Notch

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    Results and discussions

    VSWR and Return Loss Results of Proposed Antenna

    A li ti

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    Applications

    Wireless Personal Area Networks

    Military Applications

    Digital Audio or Video Broadcasting

    Medical Imaging

    Position Location and Tracking

    C l i d F t k

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    Conclusion and Future works

    Thus the Design of UWB antenna with notch band of 5.15 GHz to

    5.825 GHz was done

    Results show that the notch band selectivity was improved

    The proposed antenna was very compact in size and simple to beuse

    In future this work will extended into dual band notch for satellite X-

    band downlink frequency band of 7.25 to 7.745 GHz

    the antenna to be implemented and to be fabricate and test the

    antenna

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    References

    [1] Nasrin Tasouji, Javad Nourinia, Changiz Ghobadi, and FarzadTofigh (2013), A Novel Printed UWB Slot Antenna with ReconfigurableBand-Notch Characteristics in IEEE Antennas and wireless propagationletters, vol. 12.[2] Y. Sung, (February 2012) Triple Band-Notched UWB PlanarMonopole Antenna Using a Modified H-Shaped Resonator in IEEE

    Transactions on antennas and propagation, vol. 61, NO. 2[3] Parisa Lotfi, Mohammadnaghi Azarmanesh, (2013) RotatableDual Band-Notched UWB/Triple-Band WLAN Reconfigurable Antenna inIEEE Antennas and wireless propagation letters, vol. 12.[4] Fuguo Zhu, Steven Gao, Anthony TS Ho, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed,

    Chan H. See, TimWCBrown, Jianzhou Li, Gao Wei, and Jiadong Xu,(August 2013),MultipleBand-Notched UWB Antenna With Band-RejectedElements Integrated in the Feed Line in IEEE Transactions on antennasand propagation, vol. 61, NO. 8.

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    References

    [5] Seyed Ramin Emadian, Changiz Ghobadi, Javad Nourinia,MirHamed Mirmozafari, and Javad Pourahmadazar, (2012), BandwidthEnhancement of CPW-Fed Circle-Like Slot Antenna With Dual Band-Notched Characteristic in IEEE Antennas and wireless propagationletters, vol. 11.[6] Nasser Ojaroudi and Mohammad Ojaroudi, (2013),NovelDesign

    of Dual Band-Notched Monopole Antenna with Bandwidth Enhancementfor UWBApplications in IEEE Antennas and wireless propagation letters,vol. 12.[7] Qing-Xin Chu, Chun-Xu Mao, and He Zhu, (August 2013), ACompact Notched Band UWB Slot Antenna with Sharp Selectivity and

    Controllable Bandwidth in IEEE Transactions on antennas andpropagation, vol. 61, no. 8

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    References[8] Tzyh-Ghuag Ma ad Jyh-Woei Tsai, (August 2010),Band-RejectedUltra wideband Planar Monopole Antenna with High Frequency Selectivityand Controllable Bandwidth Using Inductively Coupled Resonator PairsinIEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no.8.[9] Zhi-An Zheng, Qing-Xin Chu, Member, IEEE, and Zhi-Hong Tu,(February 2011), Compact Band-Rejected Ultrawideband Slot AntennasInserting With 2 and 4 Resonatorsin IEEE Transactions On Antennas

    and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2.[10] Yuan Dan Dong, Wei Hong, Senior Member, IEEE, Zhen Qi Kuai,and Ji Xin Chen, (July 2009), Analysisof Planar Ultrawideband Antennaswith On-Ground Slot Band-Notched Structures in IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 7.

    [11] Qing-Xin Chu, Member, IEEE, and Ying-Ying Yang (December2008), A Compact Ultra wideband Antenna With 3.4/5.5 GHz DualBand-Notched Characteristics in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and

    Propagation, vol. 56, no.12.

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    References[12] Yan Zhang, Wei Hong, Chen Yu, Zhen-Qi Kuai, Yu-Dan Don, andJian-Yi Zhou (September 2008), Planar Ultrawideband Antennas WithMultiple Notched Bands Based on Etched Slots on the Patch and/or SplitRing Resonators on the Feed Linein IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation, vol. 56, no. 9.[13] Yi-Cheng Lin, Member, IEEE, and Kuan-Jung Hung (November2006),Compact Ultrawideband Rectangular Aperture Antenna and

    Band-Notched Designs in IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation, vol. 54, no. 11.[14] Kenny Seungwoo Ryu, Student Member, IEEE, and Ahmed A.Kishk, Fellow, IEEE (December 20009),UWBAntenna with Single or DualBand-Notches for Lower WLAN Band and Upper WLAN Band in IEEE

    Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 12.

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    THANK YOU...