uvod u građanski rat, tiqqun

7/31/2019 Uvod u građanski rat, Tiqqun

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An kljgkli{in nagam {gijl Źnvbl) Rvl nfn rjmsm rvl igr mtfdlė|dl&

g mr{gfm dl rgam |tsmj vdlsmdg{il nsn{gbndl) Tg{m rl mrnh|sgvgamkg igr rl injgk inz{g il km{gjil) Pmkimrnam rvl agidl n agidl& kgigrvlĈ igimal{gsrjl& kmtl nr{nil& sgkndl na psl{pmr{gvfdgam vlfnjl h|{fdgdlpsm{|m{smvg) Rfnjl rslĈl& psgvl n nrpsmcgil rlitgbndl& idlŹil sndlān& hfg{jlpmvsznil& pmtig{n mrdlĈgdn n igdni{naindg ni{naimr{& |jsg{jm igsjmtg ig jnfmhsga&g psndl rvlhg4 clt sg{g& psndl rvlhg clt sg{g) [m rl amŹl ntsgtn{n kg rl bndlfnmvgd gainm{nājm!pslvli{nvin jmi{ljr{ rvmkn ig Ź|kid| tg dlkima pmtn{ nvima gi{smpmfmhndma) Nagam pm{slc| kg iga Rl7 jgŹl z{m dl ‖āmvdlj‑& z{m ram ‖an‑&

z{m iga dl kmtmvmfdlim e{dl{n n cn{n) Jmigāim& igzl dl kmcg ogig{nāim pm aimhnapn{gidnag& igsmān{m pm pn{gid| YM_DLJG | jmdla Rl r|cfnansg ilpmslbnvgmānhflkimr{ Cfmmag3) Mvg vfgkgd|Ĉg gi{smpmfmhndg indl pmtn{nvig rgam tcmh

7

Osgib|rj| ilmkslėli| tgadlinb| ‖mi‑ jmdg rl mvkdl %n kgfdl | {ljr{|. slolsnsg ig Elnklhhlsmvilplsrmigfin mkimr %kgr Agi. pslvmknam %rfndlklĈn jmivlibnd| pslvmkn{lfdg Elnklhhlsg ig esvg{rjn.cltfnāina pmvsg{ina mcfnjma hfghmfg ‖Rl‑) Jgjm pmdgzidgvg Cmzidgj4 ‖‖Sgtagji|{mr{& psmrdlāimr{&invlfnsgidl jgm igāni cn{jg Rl jmir{n{|nsgd| mim z{m pmtigdlam jgm ―dgvimr{„‖) %))). Ig {gd igāni rl m rvla|mkf|ā|dl) ‖Dgvimr{ rl tgaghfd|dl n mvgjm tgjsn{m ntkgdl tg pmtig{m n rvnag psnr{|pgāim)‖ Rl rvnal vfgkg n

sgr{lslĈ|dl rvgjn pmdlknin {|cn{gj | idlhmvmd rvgjnkgzidmr{n) [| Rl pmr{nŹl kg {|cn{gj rvg |tnag mfgjm n in{jmil r{mdn in ntg ālhg) [nal Rl |āvszĈ|dl rvmd| vfgkgvni|) %))). Rl dlr{ ig igāni ilrgamr{gfimr{n n ilpsgvmr{n%\ilnhli{fnbejln{ .) Rl jgm In{jm indl iljm Inz{g& vlĈ | {md vsr{n {|cn{jg lir slgfnrrna|a)‖‖ Csginans Cmzidgj&

Pmvndlr{ onfmtmondl4 Sgtvmd anzfdlidg | nkld| bdlfnil& r{s));35) 3

Kndlfma mcfnjmvgi pm Flmpmfk| Cfmma|& [nww|imv Cfmma dl jmiblp{& onh|sg jmdg mtigā|dl amklsinr|cdlj{) ‖Jfgrnāig dl c|sŹmgrjg lsg {gjm pmr{gvnfg psnibnpl āndg dl psnadlig |āninfg mk āmvdljg mim z{mtigam4 igj|pni| kvmr{s|jmh inz{gvnfg& mimh ‖jmit|ali{g‑& {mh ilkmknsfdnvmh& n mimh ‖hsgėginig‑ ‒ z{m dlsnknj|fmtindl& tgpsgvm& mk {l r{g{nr{nājl gpr{sgjbndl ilamĈn jmd| rl |r{sgdgvg igtnvg{n ‖hsgėginima‑=! Gfnmig mkhmvgsg {lj onigfimd ogtn k|hmh kmtsndlvgidg Cfmmag& | jmdmd mi dmz indl pmtig{ jgm {gjgv) G kg cn rlpmsmknm& {slcgfm dl inz{g agidl mk psmpgr{n {m{gfn{l{g c|sŹmgrjne nir{n{|bndg n dlkgi psvn rvdl{rjn sg{) [lj

dl r kmfgrjma Rplj{gjfg& n pmvsg{jma |ānijmvn{mr{n smcil al{gontnjl jmdn rl r idna pmk|kgsg& nivlstndg



Ygrmpnr tg ks|z{vli| olimalimfmhnd| n j|f{|si| kndgfmhnj|

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nslinājl& cfghm {|pgvl n idlŹim jg{mfnājl jmiblpbndl fd|krjl psnsmkl) Mig dlpmtn{nvig pmigdpsndl dls ‖Ymvdlj|‑ psnpnr|dl rvmdr{vg& kl{lsaninsgil g{snc|{l nr|pr{gibndgfil pslknjg{l) \psgvm r{mhg āgj n plrnanr{nājg gihfmrgjrmirjggi{smpmfmhndg& rg rvmdma enpmr{gtma ni{lslrg& pm{slcg& rg rvmdna r{s|hhfl oms

fnol& nag |ans|d|Ĉ| |fmh| dls dmz |vndlj i|kn pmjmdl psgj{nāim |vdlslidl m cn{nāmvdljg)

Gfn an ks|hn& an jmdn rl mkcndgam ighmkn{n tg cnfm jgjv| vsr{| |kmcimr{n&an jmdn rvgjgjm nagam jsejl Źnvbl& gfn n igadls| kg ne |āninam rvl m{pmsindnag&rvl āvszĈnag& igag {slcg ilz{m rgrvna ks|hm) [slcg iga sgknjgfim ilhg{nvig gi{smpmfmhndg& {slcgam iljmfnjm gpr{sgjbndg jmdl r| |psgvm kmvmfdim psgtil& |psgvmkmvmfdim psmtnsil kg rpsndlāl igzl |mcnāgdlil pslksgr|kl& pm{slcig iga dl ontnjg jmdg ā|vg tg rvgjm cnĈl idlhmv| knrpmtnbnd| tg ā|km) Jmiblp{n jmdn psmcndgd| flk kgrl kmrlhil& pm{gjil nrj|r{vm) Mamh|Ĉ|d| iga kg rl imrnam r idna)

Il pmr{mdn inz{g z{m amŹlam slĈn m fd|knag& {m dlr{ m idnemvmd jmlhtnr{libndn&z{m il cn ntsgvim rf|Źnfm jgm rslkr{vm tg ranslidl) Ilamh|Ĉimr{ kg pslkvnknamnz{g m mvmd il|amfdnvmd rfmcmkn ighmin igr kg dl mtigānam ilkloninsgina{lsanima& psgtima sndlād|& jmdma Rl nag igvnj| nalimvg{n mim z{m Rl |mpĈlil sgt|andl& dls Rl il `lfn sgt|andl{n& sgt|andl{n kg rvndl{ il am`l clt igr)[lsani dl hsgėgirjn sg{ ) Pm{lt dl {gj{nājn4 sgkn rl m {ma kg pslvli{nvim pmimvimpsnrvmdnam {lsani jmdna Ĉl igzg kdlfmvgidg cn{n i|`im pmjsnvlig)

hlilsnājmh mkimrg tgkmcnfg jmijsl{im tigālidl& znslĈn rl ig |j|pimr{ lhtnr{libndl) Cfmma mtigāgvg

dlkigjm kvmr{s|j pmjsl{ jmdna& | adlsn | jmdmd rl |rgvszgvg m{|ėlidl Dgvimr{n n psnvnk rl mrgamr{gfd|dlmk psmŹnvfdlimh rvndl{g& rvgjn āmvdlj vnkn jgjm a| |j|pimr{ idlhmvne ks|z{vline mkslėlidg& kgjfl idlhmvnkli{n{l{& pmr{gdl r{sgi& kmj a| rvl z{m | idla| igknfgtn rv| ks|z{vli| mcdlj{nvgbnd|& idlhmvg ānr{g&hmfg n ilrvmknvg& rnih|fgsimr{ rl mkvgdg jgm psgtim rslknz{l nt jmdlh igkgfdl psmntfgtn bndlfm idlhmvmcnĈl) Z{m vnzl rmbndgfntgbndg ks|z{vg cgbg ni{naimr{ | rvna mcfnbnag | Dgvimr{& {na rl vnzl mim z{mmr{gdl ntvgi idlhg& migd psmjfl{ n ilpsnrpmkmcnv knm pm{vsė|dl jgm mim bndlfm fd|krjmh) Onh|sg Cfmmagm{jsnvg mvm r{gidl lhtnfg fd|kn n idnemvmh tgdlkinājmh rvndl{g | ilpsnjgtnvma jgm rn{|gbnd| lhtnr{libndgfilagshnigfimr{n jmdg na rl kmhgėg | Rplj{gjf|) Gfn pmvse rvlhg& mig aginolr{nsg gprmf|{i| rnih|fgsimr{rvgjmh ks|z{vlimh g{mag jgm ag jgjv| gprmf|{imr{& n idli| ānr{| sgtfnj| jgm ānr{m inz{gvnfm)‑ [elmsnl k|

Cfmma& [nww|i74 Mshgil bmirbnli{ k| Pgs{n Naghnignsl& r{s) )3;



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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Hsgėgirjn sg{& mcfnbn!`nvm{g

Mimhg {jm il r|kdlf|dl | hsgėgirjma sg{|&

rigqn ql rsgam{g n nth|cn{ ql rvgjm pmfn{nājm psgvm)

Rmfmi

7) Lflali{gsig fd|krjg dlkninbg indl {ndlfm ‒ niknvnk|g& ilhm mcfnj!Źnvm{g)

3) Mcfnj!Źnvm{g indl mijsgd hmfmh Źnvm{g& psndl Ĉl cn{n kg dl idlhmvg ni{naigpmfgsntgbndg)2

2) Rvgjm {ndlfm tgevgĈlim dl rvmdna mcfnjma!Źnvm{g jgm bfnigalima&ighmima& psnvfgāimzĈ|& rjfmimzĈ|& |j|rma) [ndlfm rl ighnidl pslagrvla| z{m rl ighnidl pslag idla|) Mvm rl kmhgėg | rvgjmd rn{|gbndnntimvg) Rvl r| rjfmimr{n |tgdgail)

Hfmrg4 Pmvszima rl pmhflk| amŹl |ānin{n kg Cfmma kmjgt|dl r|psm{im& kgdl psnadls {ndlfg fnzlimh ighmig n rjfmimr{n& na|ima ig rvgj| psnvfgāimr{) Gfn

psmam{snam fn pmcfnŹl& Cfmma psndl ntsgŹgvg rjfmimr{ tg mkr|r{vma& ilhm fnmkr|r{vm rjfmimr{n) Dlknim {gjvg rjfmimr{ amŹl sgtdgrin{n rvl igpmsl jmdnag rlCfmma ksŹn | Cfmma|& jmdnag ksŹn rvl z{m rl ighnidl pslag idla| ig knr{gibn njmdnag mkcndg rvgjm nrj|r{vm) Rfnāgi slfnhnmtima jmdn& c|k|Ĉn kg ‖mvma rvndl{|‑il amŹl r|psm{r{gvn{n ilj| ks|h| rvdl{mvimr{& rvmdl mkr|r{vm mk rvndl{g amsgpsl{vmsn{n | jsn{nj| rvdl{mvimr{n mpĈlin{m& Cfmma | cndlh| vgi rvndl{g {sgŹn ntfgtnt dlkimh rvndl{g clt ntvgidrjmh) Idlhmv mkhmvms ig rvgj| rn{|gbnd| nr{g dliltgni{lslrnsgimr{& nr{m ntanbgidl nt rn{|gbndl) Cfmma dl kgjfl {ndlfm tgevgĈlim

ntsgtn{na ighmima jg inz{gvnf|)

;) Mvg rjfmimr{& mvgd bfnigali amŹl cn{n m{jfmidli nfn psnrvmdli) Mvmpsnrvgdgidl mcfnjg!Źnvm{g indl rgam rvndlr{ m {gjvma dlkima ighmi|& ilhmn anzfdlidl m idla|) Anzfdlidla igtnvga mim z{m psl{vgsg mcfnj!Źnvm{g | righ|& kgjfl | rvdlri| |ānijmvn{mr{)

2

‖Pmfgsnrg{nmi‑ ‒ pmfgsntgbndg | osgib|rjma pmigdpsndl tigān jmibli{sgbnd| %lilshl{rjmh pmfdg. |

dlkimd dlknimd {mājn& psna) pslv)




7?5

\ rvgjmd rn{|gbndn dlkig rl fnindg ntkvgdg alė| mr{gfnag& fnind| |t jmd| sgr{l amq) Anzfdlidl dl rpmrmcimr{ kg rl {g fnindg ntkvmdn n rfndlkn) Mcfnj!Źnvm{g amŹl cn{npsnrvmdli rgam rfndlklĈn mv| fnind|& z{m tigān4 rvgjm anzfdlidl dl r{sg{lzjm)

Hfmrg4 Igzla mr{gsdlfma& |amsima pmhflk| m{jfgidgidl rvgjmh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g ānin rl jgm r|kcnig rvmdr{vlig Tgpgk|) Kmanigi{in igāni mvmh m{jfmig&| bnvnfntgbndn jmd| vnzl il amŹlam igtvg{n igzma clt kg pm{pnzlam vfgr{n{|fnjvnkgbnd|& pgsgkmjrgfim rl aginolr{nsg jgm Ź|kidg tg mcfnjma& jgm pm{sghg tggsel{nprjma rfnāimzĈ|& tg Nkldma m rlcn radlz{lima igpsndlk& nrpslk rlcl) Nigsgvim& |vndlj jgk dl sgrpsmr{sgidlim ntsgŹli& mvgd vmf|i{gsntga nkli{n{l{g {lzjmrjsnvg tnamhsmtin inenfntga& {lŹid| jg inz{gvnf| jmdg a| dl | rsŹn)

Gfn m{jfmi mcfnjg!Źnvm{g {gjmėls nag rvmd| afgė|& pslpslklind| omsa| jmdg rligtnvg rgvdlr{& g | {mājn rvmh vse|ibg ‒ a|ksmr{) [l kvndl ‖vsfnil‑ Rl bndlil{na vnzl z{m ne psg{n ilamĈ {ndlfg) [gjm Ĉl rl ‖a|ksmzĈ|‑ tvg{n tigidl m {gjvmdilamĈn& tigidl jmdl il i|kn injgjvg ntfgtg)

Psnrvgdgidl mcfnjg!Źnvm{g rgrvna dl r|psm{im igpms| rvndlr{n nfn vmfdl& |ānij|dlkimh nfn ks|hmh) Psnrvgdgidl dl sgkndl pslp|z{gidl& kgjfl pgk n |tkntgidl nr{mkmcim& pmjsl{ n mkams!|i|{gs!rlcl)

<) Amd mcfnj!Źnvm{g il mkimrn rl ig mim z{m dlrga& ilhm ig jgjm dlrga {mz{m dlrga)

Hfmrg4 Mvg {vskidg vszn cfghn tgmjsl{) Cfghn tgmjsl{ | radls| igp|z{gidgal{gontnjl) Igp|z{gidl al{gontnjl indl onfmtmorjn naplsg{nv& ilhm ontnmfmzjg i|Źimr{)Kmrlhgvzn jsgdid| {māj| rvmh znslidg& al{gontnjg rl mj|pfdg | pfgil{gsin igfmhtg mkr|r{vm) Naplsnd il tge{ndlvg kg rl rvg{jm psnfghmkn iljma mpĈla tgjmi|&ilhm tge{ndlvg kg rl rvg{jm psnfghmkn rvmdla vfgr{n{ma nkli{n{l{|) NaplsndgfigamĈ mvnrig dl m psnvsŹlimr{n {ndlfg rvmdna psl{pmr{gvfdlina rvmdr{vnag& rvmdnapslknjg{nag pmamĈ| jmdne ne jmi{smfnsg)

Amd mcfnj!Źnvm{g il mkimrn rl ig mim z{m dlrga& ilhm ig jgjm dlrga{m z{m dlrga) Ks|jāndl slālim4 ntalė| cnĈg n idlhmvne ‖rvmdr{gvg‑ pmr{mdncltkgi idlhmvl vfgr{n{l psnr|{imr{n& dlknir{vlimh nrj|r{vg jmdl dg ānina mk{l psnr|{imr{n& ig mkslėlima adlr{| n | mkslėlima vslali|) Ig igdvlĈ|



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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ilrslĈ| Naplsndg& mcfnj!Źnvm{g mkslėlimh {ndlfg indl rgksŹgi in | dlkima mkidlhmvne pslknjg{g ‒ vnrmj& cndlf& f|k& cmhg{& rnsmagzgi& r{mfgs& gsmhgi{gi& Źlignfn Osgib|t ‒ ilhm | dlknir{vlima igāni| idlhmvl psnr|{imr{n& | ilrvmknvmakmhgėgd| idlhmvg cnvgidg!|!rn{|gbndn) N |psgvm {gam hkdl dl psnpnrnvgidl

igdigrnfindl ‒ | raskfdnvmd kmalin amsgfimr{n ! idlhmv il|rpdle igdvnzlvlrlfn) IgnĈn Ĉlam& ig psnadls& ig rgrvna mkvsg{im cnĈl āndn igr igāni cnvgidgmkvsg{ina rvldlkim knsg ig igāni kg hgrn rvgj| mkcmdimr{ | igag& z{m igakmjgt|dl kg dl mkvsg{imr{ n rgag rvmdr{vm)

Psnrvmdn{n rvmd mcfnj!Źnvm{g tigān cn{n vnzl vdlsgi rjfmimr{nag ilhm rvmdnarvmdr{vnag)

?) Pn{gidl tgz{m dl mvm {ndlfm tgevgĈlim mvna mcfnjma!Źnvm{g sgkndl ilhmiljna ks|hna pmkdlkigjm dl clranrflim jgm pn{gidl tgz{m |mpĈl pmr{mdnilz{m sgkndl ilhm inz{g) [m pn{gidl rgam mkgdl m{pms& pmjg{jgk n r{sge& kgrl rpmtig jmi{nihlibndg) G igsmān{m kg rl psntig)

Hfmrg4 Cmfdl cn pn{gidl cnfm jgjm {ndlfm tgkmcndg r|pr{gib|& jgjm {ndlfm pmr{gdlh|r{m& jgjm |{dlfmvfd|dl nrj|r{vm) Tgz{m rl iljgk ntfgŹlam {lzjna pmfgsntgbndgagr k|hmsmāina |ānibnag& g jg{jgk cfghna& pmvszina pmfgsntgbndgag= Jgjm rlnzā|pg{n nt sgrpszlil agrl cf|amvrjne {ndlfg& {mh hfmcgfimh csg|imvrjmh pmjsl{ghkdl igdvn{gfindn pslfgtl r dlkimh anjsm!pslp|z{gidg ig ks|hm anjsm!pslp|z{gidl&r dlkimh psnh|zlimh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g ig ks|hn& pslag {sgdima psnibnp| sgtcmsn{mr{n4injgk rl il tgindl{n psljm mkslėlimh r{|pidg ni{litn{l{g= N& pmvse rvlhg& jgjm r|rl {ndlfg |rpdlfg |ānin{n km {l adlsl {sgirpgsli{inag=

Hfmrg4 Cf|amvrjn pmdga rfmcmkl dl rfmcmkg ntcmsg& revgĈlig jgmal{mknājg gpr{sgjbndg rvgjl rn{|gbndl) [gjgv pmdga rfmcmkl igd|ānijmvn{ndndl psm{|m{smv psm{nv rvgjl r{vgsil rfmcmkl) Dlknig |nr{ni| r|pr{gibndgfigrfmcmkg rfndlkn{n dl rvl km jsgdg fnind| sgr{g amĈn rvmdlh vfgr{n{mh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g&km {mājl | jmdmd mig ilr{gdl& mrfmcgėgd|Ĉn amh|Ĉimr{ kg c|klam tgevgĈlinks|hna mcfnjma!Źnvm{g)

8) Nr{sgdimr{ {ndlfg | {mal kg rl& |ig{mā sgtimfnjna rn{|gbndgag& igfgtntgevgĈlim nr{na mcfnjma!Źnvm{g o|ijbndg dl idlhmvl igp|jfnil) Z{m dl vnzliljm {ndlfm igp|ji|{m& {m dlr{ z{m rl dl vnzl idlhmvg igp|jfnig psmznsnfg




780

n psmk|cnfg& {m r| agidl csmdil pmfgsntgbndl jmapg{ncnfil r idlhmvnapslŹnvfdgvgidla& n {m vnzl mim igr{mdn pmimvim r{vmsn{n rn{|gbndl | jmdnagrl igfgtn |jfd|ālina | cfnrjna pmfgsntgbndgag) R igp|jfnima | {ndlf| sgr{l nmkr|r{vm mk rvndl{g& g rjfmimr{n nzāltgvgd|)

Hfmrg4 Mcfnj!Źnvm{g kgjfl tigān kg dl amd mkimr pslag alin rgam dlkgi knm amh mkimrg rpsga rvndl{g)

5) Nrj|r{vm jmdl dlkgi mcfnj!Źnvm{g nag m ks|hma mcfnj|!Źnvm{g indl psnmpĈnvmmvma ks|hma& āgj gjm dl pslvmknvm: g rvg{jm tig jgjm r{vgs r{mdn rpsndlvmknag) Dlknim r| ānidlinbl mānhflkil4 pmigzgidg& r{gvmvn& {vskidl4{sgālvn ) Mcfnbn!Źnvm{g il kmp|z{gd| il|{sgfil pmtnbndl& il kmp|z{gd| rnh|sim|{mānz{l tg |invlstgfimh psmag{sgāg)

Hfmrg4 Igsgvim& il agidjg jgiknkg{g jmdn cn rvlfn mcfnjl!Źnvm{g | lrplsgi{mmcdlj{nvnsgine ‖j|f{|sg‑& ‖r{nfmvg‑& ‖igānig Źnvm{g‑ n ks|hne slfg{nvnr{nājne anr{lsndg)Rga bnfd mvne ilrsl{injg alė|{na indl injgjgv anr{lsnd4 sgkn rl |vndlj m {mal kgigr vsg{l | vlfnj| dlkimknalitnmigfi| nhs| nkli{n{l{g n sgtfnjg) [gjm rl mān{|dligdcdlrma|āindl ilpsndg{lfdr{vm rpsga rvgjmh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g)

>) \ rganag rlcn& mcfnbn!Źnvm{g il amh| cn{n nrjgtgin in{n mpnrgin) Amh| cn{nrgam pmjgtgin& nalimvgin ‒ rvgjn p|{ | i|Źim rnih|fgsima jmi{ljr{|)R ks|hl r{sgil& idnemvg rl nhsg& sgtag{sgig fmjgfim& pmvni|dl r{smhnatigālidrjna mkslėlidnag) Gjm r| anzfdlig& mvg mkslėlidg pmr{gd| psgvnfgpmkfmŹig pmpsgvbnag) Rvgjg rljvlibg dl ig rvna s|cmvnag mhsgināligkmhgėgdla) Kmhgėgd psmntfgtn nt rgal nhsl& igcnsl d|& mc|r{gvfdg psmzfg&g igvdlzĈ|dl imvg mkslėlidg pslag jmdnag tge{ndlvg cn{n ni{lspsl{nsgi) \rvna r{vgsnag pmānidlam mk rslknil)

Hfmrg4 Knr{gibg i|Źig tg mpnr mcfnjg!Źnvm{g jgm {gjvmh dl |psgvm knr{gibgilpsndg{lfdr{vg)

Hfmrg4 Rvgjn pmj|zgd kg rl ‖fd|kn‑ pmdal jgm mcfnj!Źnvm{g ‒ jgm sgrg& jfgrg&l{indg nfn igbndg ‒ pm{jmpgi dl ānidlinbma kg r| l{nājl sgtfnjl |i|{gs rvgjl hs|pl‖fd|kn‑ |vndlj vlĈl ilhm l{nājl sgtfnjl alė| hs|pgag ‖fd|kn‑)




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Hfmrg4 Tgtnsl Rl psnāg{n m hsgėgirjma sg{|) Gfn jgk Rl hsgėgirjn sg{npgj vmkn& psnpnzl a| rl adlr{m n mhsginān hg rl | vslali|) [gjm nagam‖hsgėgirjn sg{ | Osgib|rjmd‑ %7587.& | Zpgidmfrjmd %7>2?!2>.& hsgėgirjn sg{| GfŹns|& n amŹkg |rjmsm n | L|smpn) Psnandl{nam mvkdl kg Osgib|tn& pmjgt|d|Ĉn

{gjm psnsmėli| na jgr{snsgimr{& pslvmkl galsnājn ‖Bnvnf Xgs‑ jgm ‖rlblrndrjnsg{‑& jgm n |vndlj mkf|āin kg clt|vdl{im tg|ta| r{sgi| pmcdlkinjg jgk hmk dlpmcdlkinj {gjmėls n KsŹgvg) Dlknin igāni mk {mh kg rl mkvnjilam mk psnpnrnvgidgpmāl{jg& jsgdg n {lsn{msndgfimh mkslėlidg hsgėgirjma sg{| ‒ kgjfl kg rlmkvnjilam mk {mhg kg hg rag{sgam ntinajma imsagfima pmsl{j| |adlr{m kgsgtag{sgam idlhmvl clrjmigāil al{gamsomtl jsmt vsndlal n psmr{ms ‒ dlr{l kgsgrvndl{fnam agilvsl jmdl psljsnvg) Rdl{nam rl {gjm r| kg min jmdn r| pmāl{jma?0!ne e{dlfn fnjvnknsg{n jmf|acndrj| hlsnf| igtvgfn ‖fg _nmflibng‑ %igrnfdl. pmvndlrimpmhfgvfdl jmdl r| e{dlfn tg{vmsn{n)

73) Hflknz{l hsgėgirjmh sg{g dl hflknz{l pmfn{nājmh)

72) Jgkg rl kvg {ndlfg tgevgĈlig nr{na mcfnjma!Źnvm{g r|rsl{i|& mig nrj|rlmcdlj{nvgi pgj{ jmdn psl{emkn rvgjmd mkf|bn) Mig nrj|rl tgdlkinb|)

Hfmrg4 \psgvm dl fnzlimr{ {gjvmh nrj|r{vg ig Tgpgk| mkhmvmsig tg r{gs|al{gontnāj| ogi{gta| ‖fd|krjl tgdlkinbl‑ ‒ {gjmėls pmtig{| pmk nalimaHlalnixlrli | gj{|gfina pmtnvgidnag ig Gagklg Cmsknh|) Tgpgkin ni{lflj{|gfgbdl {gjm kgfljm mk cnfm jgjvmh psnr{|pg r{vgsimd tgdlkinbn kg rn dl amsgm nrjmvg{n{gd agfn ol{nz4 fd|krj| tgdlkinb|) Cnfm kg imrn igbn!e|aginr{nāj| |inomsa| ‖fd|krjlpsnsmkl‑ nfn enpp~ psidl gi{smpmfmhndl& cnfm kg rl pmvfgān | tgdlkinb| āndg dl amĈcsnŹfdnvm sgr{dlfmvfdlig nfn rl cgbg hfgvma clt mctnsg | agidl r|p{nfgi jmiblp{‖{m{gfimh‑ āmvdljg ‒ mimh jmdn Ĉl {m{gfntnsg{n rvl|j|pimr{ fd|krjne pslknjg{g ! mintsgŹgvg |vndlj nr{n |Źgrgi r{sge) [m dl r{sge mk tgkgĈl anzfdlidg rvmdl rn{|gbndlrnih|fgsima& mkslėlima& jmigāima: {gd r{sge psncdlhgvg |ans|d|Ĉmd ogi{gtndn{m{gfn{l{g& tlagfdrjmh dlknir{vg) Pmrfdlknāig gpr{sgjbndg amŹl rl tvg{n aimz{vm&hfmcgfim bnvnfim ks|z{vm nfn fd|krjg vsr{g) Nal indl vgŹim& vgŹgi dl pmr{|pgj jmdnrl psmvmkn) Rvl slbli{il clranrfnbl m b~cls !jma|inr{nājmd tgdlkinbn nfn b~cls !{m{gfima āmvdlj| il cn rl sgtagegfl clt mkslėlil r{sg{lzjl psnfnjl jmdg rlm{vmsnfg | nr{ma {sli|{j| jgk rl omsansgm rvdl{rjn pmjsl{ kg ne mpmvshil) Jmigāim&rmbnmfmhndg dl smėlig cgz | {sli|{j| jgk rl pmdgvnm igdilpmansfdnvndn r|jmc jmdn dlpmr{mdgm4 jfgrig cmscg: n {m {māim ig adlr{| hkdl rl {gd r|jmc aginolr{nsgm ig



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igdigrnfindn igāni& kgjfl | Osgib|rjmd | ks|hmd pmfmvnbn UNU) r{mfdlĈg) Rmbnmfmhndg dlsmėlig jgm mkhmvms ig {| cmsc|)

Kgigr jgk dl ‖ks|z{vm‑ inz{g vnzl mk enpm{ltl& āgj n il igsmān{m pfg|tncnfil

enpm{ltl& rvgjg {vskidg kg rl igr{mdn mcsgin{n ks|zvm mk fg{li{imh ogzntag jmdnvslcg nt rvgjl tgdlkinbl {lj dl r{nfrjg vdlŹcg ig{mpfdlig fmzma vdlsma % ag|vgnrl omn .) Dls {jm& ig jsgd| jsgdlvg& dmz |vndlj hmvmsn m ‖ks|z{v|‑ gjm il hsgėginNaplsndg& tcndlin | hsmtkmvl rpsga mānhflkil n jmigāil napfmtndl Naplsndg&igrpsga mi{mfmzjl mālvnkimr{n hsgėgirjmh sg{g=

7;) Tgdlkinbg pmr{mdn rgam | rnih|fgsina mkimrnag) Il pmr{mdn Tgdlkinbg&ilhm tgdlkinbg jmdg bnsj|fnsg)

Hfmrg4 Tgdlkinbg injgk il |p|Ĉ|dl ig rj|p {ndlfg pmdafdline ilmvnrim m idnemvmamjs|Źlid|) Mig |p|Ĉ|dl ig igsgv mkimrg alė| {na {ndlfnag {l ntalė| {ne {ndlfg nidnemvg mjs|Źlidg) \ {sli|{j| jgk rl tgdlkinbg pmj|zg |{dlfmvn{n | mkvmdnvmar|cdlj{|& | knr{nij{imd& mkvmdlimd r{vgsimr{n& | {sli|{j| jgk pmj|zg ag{lsndgfntnsg{nmkvmdlimr{ ntalė| mimh z{m dl |i|{sg n mimh z{m dl vgin& r|māgvg rl r vfgr{n{mailamh|ĈimzĈ|) Mvg {mājg ilamh|Ĉimr{n dl tgdlkinz{vm %bmaa|inmi.) \tgdlkinz{v|& pm{p|im rl rgam!psnr|r{vm tgdlkinbl pmk|kgsg r sgrnpgidla rvgjltgdlkinbl |i|{gs rnih|fgsine mkimrg& kgjfl rg rvmdna mpnpfdnvna mkr|r{vma)

Hfmrg4 Rvg {ndlfg r| | pmjsl{|) Ygj n jgk dl ilpmjsl{im& {ndlfm rl npgjmpsnr|{id|dl& jfgkn rl ig rvmd rvndl{& nkl pslag rvmdmd r|kcnin) Mkslėlig {ndlfg nk| rj|pg) Mig r{slal dlkim j ks|hma& mrfgidgd| rl dlkim ig ks|hm& pmr{mdntgdlkinbg alė| idnag) Ks|hg cdlŹl dlkim mk ks|hmh& il nk| rj|pg& psm{|sdlālrn) \ tgdlkinbn rvgjmh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g |fgtl {gjmėls tgdlkinbl r{vgsn n hlr{g&tgdlkinbl igvnjl n lambndl& tgdlkinbl anrfn) Dgrim kg {ndlfg fnzlig tgdlkinbl{gjmėls ilagd| in{n rjfmimr{n& ilagd| |j|rg4 mig il vnkl kg iljl r{vgsn nk|tgdlkim& kmj iljl ks|hl il nk|)

7<) Tgdlkinbg injgk indl tgdlkinbg mine jmdn r| {|)

Hfmrg4 Rvgjg tgdlkinbg nr{mkmcim dl gj{|gfimr{ n pm{libndgfimr{ ) Jgkg {vskn kgdl pm{p|im mr{vgslig& jgm z{m dl rf|āgd r [m{gfima Amcnfntgbndma& nfn kg mr{gdlānr{g pm{libndgfimr{& jgm | ilclrjmd mrgafdlimr{n Cfmmag ‒ ilag tgdlkinbl)




78;

7?) Jgk r|rsl{ila {ndlfm tgevgĈlim nr{na mcfnjma!Źnvm{g pmp|{ amhg& {m dlr{l tgdlkinbg n r{gvfdg al | jmi{gj{ r amdma vfgr{n{ma amĈn)

78) Ranrgm dl lflali{ Tgdlkinbl& {m tigān kg rvgjn kmhgėgd ‒ dls kmhgėgd

dl psmkms ranrfg ‒ |rpmr{gvfdg tgdlkinb|) [ndlfm jmdl jgŹl ‖dg‑ tgpsgvmjgŹl ‖an‑) Yni nfn nrjgt mckgslin ranrfma nt agrl {ndlfg jflz| mkslėli|tgdlkinb| jmd| {slcg igdpsndl psnrvmdn{n& jgjm cn rl {gd āni nfn nrjgt psnrvmdnm)

75) Jgk rl kvg {ndlfg pm{gji|{g |tgdgaim gprmf|{im r{sgina mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g r|rsl{i| ig ntvdlrima adlr{| n | ntvdlrima {sli|{j|& mig nrj|rl emr{nfimr{ ) Mvgd r|rsl{ il |{lalfd|dl injgjgv mkimr& rvdlkmān igpsm{nv mntvmsima il!mkimr|)

Emr{nr amŹl cn{n nkli{nonbnsgi& idlhmvg rn{|gbndg amŹl cn{n pmtig{g& gfn mi rgail amŹl cn{n rpmtig{& {m dlr{4 rpmtig{ jgm rnih|fgsgi) Emr{nfimr{ dl kgjfl |psgvmilamh|Ĉimr{ kg rl {ndlfg jmdg il nk| rj|pg rpmtigd| jgm rnih|fgsig) Rpmtig{g jgmrnih|fgsig& rvgjg r{vgs igp|z{g rols| emr{nfimr{n n pmr{gdl psndg{lfd nfn ilpsndg{lfd)

7>) Tg alil& emr{nr dl inz{gvnfm jmdl tge{ndlvg cn{n kmjni|{m& cnfm pslr{gd|Ĉncnvg{n emr{nfina& cnfm pslr{gd|Ĉn pmr{mdg{n)

30) Emr{nr amŹl cn{n |inz{li& gfn emr{nfimr{ jgm rolsg il amŹl rl slk|bnsg{n iginz{g) Naplsndgfin e|aginr{& jmdn rn fgrjg kg ‖inz{g z{m dl fd|krjm indl a|r{sgim‑& rgam pmkrdlĈg ig igpmsl jmdn r| a| cnfn i|Źin kg rl km {l adlsl|ānin r{sgina rgana rlcn)

37) Emr{nfimr{ rl psgj{nbnsg ig aimhm igānig& r sgtfnān{na al{mkgag nsgtimvsrina slt|f{g{nag) Smcin nfn |hmvmsin mkimr& jflvl{g& rnfmvgidl&|vslkg& ānr{g n dlkimr{gvig klr{s|jbndg inŹ| rl dlkig tg ks|hma4 rvl r|{m psgjrl slk|jbndl: {m Rl āgj sgt|andl) Ks|hn mcfnbn emr{nfimr{n |tnagd|pmka|jfndl n agidl mānhflkil p|{mvl) \tanam ig psnadls pm{fgbe&pmevgf|& psnr{mdimr{& sgtcmsn{mr{ nfn āgj hmr{mfd|cnvmr{) [m dl mim z{m Rlsndl{jm pslpmtigdl jgm csmdil psgjrl pminŹgvgidg: ngjm {m mil |r{vgsn dlr|)

Hfmrg4 \ rvma Sdlāinj| nikml|smprjne nir{n{|bndg& Clivlinr{l indl jgkgsmcdgrin{n tgz{m fg{nirjg sndlā emr{nr amŹl nr{mkmcim tigān{n ‖r{sgibg‑&



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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‖ilpsndg{lfdg‑& ‖kmagĈnig‑& ‖hmr{g‑ n ‖iljmhg {jm nag nr{g psgvg jgmSnafdgin‑& nfn āgj ‖mimhg {jm dl vltgi |t alil pm{fgbela‑ {m dlr{ psni|kima |tgdgaimzĈ| kgsg) Dgrim dl alė|{na kg cnfm kg dl sndlā m rolsn tgjmig&mcnāgd| hmr{mpsnar{vg& pminŹgvgid| jmhg espma kgsmvg nfn ms|Źgima

igpgk|4 rvl r| {m igānin kg rl emr{nr tcsnzl& kg rl mrnh|sga kg mi tgalil il pmr{gil rnih|fgsimr{) [gjm mksgŹgvga emr{nrg r{sgina: n rgam ntvfgr{n{l rfgcmr{n mkcndga {m psntig{n) [slĈn āfgigj Jgi{mvmh āfgijg Pslag{sgdima ans|& jmdn pslkfgŹl |vdl{l tg sgr{vgsgidl pgs{nj|fgsine tgdlkinbg nidnemv| igjigki| omsagfi| ni{lhsgbnd| | \invlstgfi| ksŹgv|& ilkvmranrflimnitnr{nsg4 ‖Jmtampmfn{girjm psgvm cn{ Ĉl mhsginālim ig |vdl{l |invlstgfilhmr{mfd|cnvmr{n‑) N indl fn |psgvm ilkgvim Rlcgr{ngi Smbeî& {gd ilpsntig{n{vmsgb nkldl ‖ilbnvnfimr{n‑ n osgib|rjn ogig{nj i|f{l {mflsgibndl& {gd d|igjilamh|Ĉl Slp|cfnjl& indl fn ilkgvim %mŹ|dgj 3000). mcdgvnm jidnh| |{mpndrjmhigrfmvg Ks|z{vm hmr{mfd|cnvmr{n = Yn{g fn Rlcgr{ngi Smbeî Jgi{g& Emcclrg nOsgibl!Rmns& nfn dlkimr{gvim ān{g anrfn osgib|rjmh aninr{sg |i|{gsidne pmrfmvg=

33) Mim z{m mcnāim pmksgt|andlvgam pmk ‖sgvimk|zimzĈ|‑ il pmr{mdn) Gjmil pmtiga iljn mcfnj!Źnvm{g n r{mhg dl mi tg alil inz{g& {gk inrga āgj in sgvimk|zgi rpsga idlhg) Gjm hg pgj pmtiga& n mi pmr{mdn tg alil jgm kg il pmr{mdn& | {ma an dl rf|āgd|& rgrvna dlkimr{gvim n mānhflkim emr{nfgi tg alil)

32) Emr{nfimr{ al mkvgdg mk amdl vfgr{n{l amĈn)

3;) Ntalė| jsgdimr{n jmdl r| tgdlkinbg n emr{nfimr{ psmr{nsl rl rolsg psndg{lfdr{vgn ilpsndg{lfdr{vg) Psndg{lfdr{vm n ilpsndg{lfdr{vm r| l{nājm!pmfn{nājn jmiblp{n)[m z{m n dlkim n ks|hm |tsmj|d| ni{litnvi| bnsj|fgbnd| lambndg rgampmjgt|dl kg r| golj{nvil slgfimr{n |adl{inājg kdlfg& kg nhsg mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g amŹl cn{n sgtsgėlig)

Hfmrg 4 \ int| nir{s|alig{g jmdl Tgpgk jmsnr{n psm{nv rvgjmh mcfnjg tgdlkinbl&dlkgi dmz mk kvgiglr{mh r{mfdlĈg tg|tnag pmvfgz{lim n il|pn{im adlr{m) Sndlā dl mjmiblp{| fd|cgvn ) _gfdg |mān{n kg dl& |rpdlvzn rl igal{i|{n rvla|& fgŹig gf{lsig{nvg4‖vmfnz fn al& nfn al il vmfnz=‑ ‒ ilvdlsmdg{im |ānijmvn{g | agrjnsgid|& pm{nrjnvgid| nksmcfdlid| bndlfl pgfl{l vnrmjmknolslibnsgine lambndg n igddgrindl mpnrnvne r{|pidlvgni{litn{l{g jmdn amh| igr{g{n jgk {ndlfg r{|pl | jmi{gj{) \ mvmd fgŹimd gf{lsig{nvn&fd|cgv o|ijbnminsg jgm igāni slk|jbndl ljr{slaine amh|Ĉimr{n sgtsgkl nhgsg alė|




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mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g) Ilr|aidnvm& l{nājm rnsmagz{vm rgkgzidmr{n& jmdl o|ijbnminsg jgm{sgdig psni|kg ig Źnvm{ | pgs|& k|h|dl p|im mvgjvma jmiblp{| fd|cgvn)

Hfmrg 4 Jgm kmjgt {ma|& kmr{g{im dl |vnkdl{n jgjm rl tg bndlfmh psmblrg

‖bnvnfntgbndl‑ jsnanigfntgbndg rvne vsr{g r{sgr{n mkvndgfg pgsgflfim rg rgij{nonjgbndmafd|cgvn jgm dlknil nr{nirjl r{sgr{n& r{sgr{n pgs lublfflibl)

Hfmrg4 Igsgvim& mvm rl mkimrn rgam ig pmdga fd|cgvn& il n ig rvl mil r{vgsnjmdl {gd jmiblp{& rlcn |ig{mā& amŹl pm{gji|{n) Il hmvmsna rgam m ntvdlrinailtgcmsgvina plsvlstndgag& ilhm {gjmėls m {ma agfma psmdlj{nf| ‖vmfna {l‑ jmdndl |vndlj kmhgėgd)

3<) Psndg{lfd dl migd tg jmdlh al vlt|dl ntcms& sgt|andlvgidl nfn mkf|jg& jmdgpmksgt|andlvg kg sgr{ idlhmvl amĈn nag tg pmrfdlknb| sgr{ amdl vfgr{n{l)Rnal{snāim& ilpsndg{lfd dl migd |t jmdlh al vlt|dl ntcms& rgam mvgd p|{rpms jmdn pmksgt|andlvg kg rl& tg sgr{ rvmdl amĈn& amsga r|jmcn{n r idna&pm{jmpg{n idlhmvl righl)

Hfmrg4 Csnfdgi{gi mkhmvms Egiige Gslik{ bnminr{| jmdn dmd dl& pm mcdgvfdnvgid| Lnbeagiig | Dls|tgfla| n {ndljma rjgikgfg jmdn dl |rfndlknm& psnhmvmsnm kg il vmfnntsglfrjn igsmk4 ‖Il vmfna igsmkl) _mfna rgam rvmdl psndg{lfdl)‑

3?) Mim ig z{m rl jfgknam | r|jmcfdgvgid| r ilpsndg{lfdma injgk indl idlhmvmpmr{mdgidl& ilhm rgam idlhmvg amĈ& idlhmvg pm{libndg) Il rgam kgpminz{li ilpsndg{lfd vnzl il amŹl pslpmtig{n rvmd pmsgt& mi rl |vndlj vsgĈgpsmhmin{n igr& igdpsndl jgm k|e& g pm{ma jgm emr{nr)

38) Rvl sgtfnjl alė| mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g l{nājl r| sgtfnjl) Mvl sgtfnjl mvfgzĈ|d|nhs|& | rvna idlina mcfnbnag) [l nhsl inr| rgal pm rlcn pmfn{nāil&gfn pmr{gd| pmfn{nāil ig mkslėlima r{|pid| ni{litn{l{g& kgjfl jgk r| sgtsgėlil km mkslėlimh r{|pidg)

Hfmrg4 Il tgadlsgam mvma rvndl{| z{m vmkn mkvlĈ mjs|{il sg{mvl& in{n z{m neil pmj|zgvg rpsndlān{n pm rvgj| bndli|) Tgadlsgam a| z{m rvmkn sg{ ig idlhmv| igdpsgtind| n igdcltvslkind| omsa|)



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35) IlĈ| mvkdl kmjgtnvg{n {sgdimr{ hsgėgirjmh sg{g agidl nfn vnzl tgknvfdlinarfgvfdlidla iljmfnjm fndlpne lpntmkg ks|z{vlimh sg{g& nfn mrvs{nag ig rvlmil amali{l | jmdnag dl jfgrin gi{ghmintga kmr{nhgm rvmd igfdlpzn ntsgt)IlĈ| psnāg{n m lihflrjmd& s|rjmd nfn osgib|rjmd slvmf|bndn& ageimvzānin&

Pgsnzjmd jma|in& Hsgbbe|r| Cgcl|o|& rvncid| ―?5 in{n āgj m Zpgidmfrjmahsgėgirjma sg{|) Pmvdlrināgsn Ĉl cn{n tgevgfin4 ilĈ| na rl andlzg{n | tgig{)Amdl al{mkg dl pslpslklindg) Pmjgtg{ Ĉ| jgjm rl hsgėgirjn sg{ igr{gvfdgāgj n jgk rl {vskn kg dl mkr|{gi nfn psnvslalim r{gvfdli pmk jmi{smf|) NtfmŹn{Ĉ| igānil ilpsljnkimh pm{evg{g klpmfn{ntgbndl jmdn pmānidl | Rslkidla vndlj|n {sgdl km kgigr& jgk dl& jgm z{m dl pmtig{m& ‖rvl pmfn{nājm‑ %Agsu.) Ks|hnasndlānag& ilĈ| tgevgĈg{n bdlfni| rpgdgd|Ĉn {mājl pmvndlrine vse|igbg& ilhmrfndlklĈn k|cnirj|& ilpsljni|{|& lhtnr{libndgfi| fnind|)

Hfmrg4 Jgm z{m dl jsgd Rslkidlh vndljg mtigāli knmcma l{nājmh lflali{g igkvndl g|{mimail rolsl& rols| amsgfg n rols| pmfn{nājmh& jsgd ‖amklsimr{n‑ mtigāgvgpmimvim |dlknidlidl mvl kvndl gpr{sgj{il kmalil) Pmimvina |dlknidlidla kmcnfnram imvmh {nsginig4 KS\Z[_LIM)

3>) Nalimvgidl amŹl |tl{n kvg |tgdgaim emr{nfig mcfnjg) Dlkgi dl migdmkcgbnvgidg& ks|hn dl psnrvgdgidg) Naplsnd psnāg m ‖hsgėgirjna sg{mvnag‑|psgvm jgm n amklsig ksŹgvg& gfn rgam kg cn cmfdl jmi{smfnsgfn agrl minejmdn cn kgfn rvl kg hg rpsndlāl) Dg rga hmvmsna m ‖hsgėgirjma sg{|‑& āgjhg pmanidla jgm {lalfdi| ānidlinb|) Hmvmsna m hsgėgirjma sg{| kg cnehg psnrvmdnm n kg cne hg pmknhgm | radls| idlhmvne igdvnzne mcfnjg) Ks|hnasndlānag4 pslag rvma |j|r|)

20) ‖Jma|intama‑ igtnvga r{vgsin pmjsl{ jmdn sgtsgė|dl& rv|hkdl n | rvgjmaamali{|& hsgėgirjn sg{)

27) \ pmāl{j|& amdg igadlsg ilĈl cn{n mānhflkig) Min jmdnag dl cfnrjg& mrdl{n{Ĉl dl pmrv|kg& g minag jmdn m idmd ilagd| pmdag cn{ Ĉl pm{p|im mkr|{ig)\ rvgjma rf|āgd|& psmhsgan rgam rf|Źl mkhgėgid| mimh z{m psmamvnsgd|)Jgi{mv jsn{lsnd amsgfimr{n agjrnal dl kg idlim mcdgvfdnvgidl il rpslāgvgidli| slgfntgbnd|) Amdg mrmcig amsgfig gacnbndg ilĈl psljmsgān{nrfndlklĈ| omsa|fgbnd|4 psmanbg{n ntvdlri| l{nj| hsgėgirjmh sg{g& ntvdlrim|andlql knr{gibl)




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Amklsig ks`gvg& ljmimarjn r|cdlj{

Pmvndlr{ r{vgsgidg Ks`gvl | L|smpn pmvndlr{ dl il|{sgfntgbndl

jmiolrnmigfine& ks|z{vline n ks|hne jmi{sgr{g |i|{gs Ks`gvl)

Bgsf Rbean{{ & Il|{sgfn{î l{ il|{sgfnrg{nmi

23) Amklsi| KsŹgv| il kloninsg rj|p nir{n{|bndg āndg sgtfnān{g sgrpmslėnvgidgmamh|Ĉ|d| tginafdnv pf|sgfntga) Amklsig rl KsŹgvg& {mfnjm jmfnjm dmzpmr{mdn& kloninsg l{nājn& jgm {lg{gs r{vgsgidg kvmr{s|jl onjbndl4 onjbndl kg pmpn{gid| mcfnjg!Źnvm{g amh| pmr{mdg{n il|{sgfimr{ n rslknzidmr{)

Hfmrg4 AmŹlam pslpmtig{n jsejl jmir{s|jbndl amĈn pm idnemvna ilpsljnkinapmj|zgdnag kg pmr{gvl onjbndl jgm mānhflkimr{n ) [ndljma amklsin{l{g& dlkig mk {neonjbndg pmr{gvfdg rbli| tg rvl mr{gfl4 onjbndg il|{sgfimh rslknz{g) Sgt|a& Imvgb&Psgvkg& Tigimr{& Ymvdlj& Bnvnfntgbndg nfn J|f{|sg4 pmrv|kg {g ogi{gtaghmsnāig{lŹidg kg rl pmr{gvn rslknz{l n kg a| rl psnpnzl l{nājg il|{sgfimr{) KsŹgvg dlkgjfl enr{msndrjn |vdl{ tg bvdl{gidl mvne cltvltgsndg)

22) Amklsig KsŹgvg % Î{g{ & R{g{l. v|āl l{namfmzjn jmsndli nt nikml|smprjmh r{!jmdn mtigāgvg r{gfimr{& pmr{mdgimr{& ilpmanāi| r{vgs& mim z{m d-l r{ ) Mvgranbgfnbg tgvgsg aimhl) Kgigr jgk rl KsŹgvg {lj igkŹnvfd|dl& sgrvdl{fd|dlrl mcsg{4 |psgvm dl hsgėgirjn sg{ ‒ r{grnr | hsājma ‒ pmr{mdgi& g amklsigKsŹgvg dl {lj slgjbndrjn psmblr ig {| pmr{mdgimr{)

Hfmrg4 Igr|psm{ mima z{m Rl sgkm pmkalĈl& enr{msnāimr{ rvmdr{vlig onjbndgag‖amklsin{l{g‑ injgk indl enr{msnāimr{ dlkima tg|vndlj r{lālil r{gcnfimr{n&dlkimh jmigāim pslvfgkgimh psghg& ilhm |psgvm enr{msnāimr{ dlkil clrjsgdil amcnfntgbndl) Ntg nig|h|sgfine kg{|ag rf|Źclil enr{msnmhsgondl& ntg pm|āil cgdjl mfnilgsima psmhslr|& ilpslr{gibl rl mkvndg {sgdgi sgk slmshgintgbndl& nrpsgvfdgidg&|rgvszgvgidg& pslagtnvgidg& psnfghmėgvgidg& pmjg{jgk āgj n rj|pne sljmir{s|jbndg)Mvgd sgk n idlhmvl pmigvfdgil pmhslzjl |tsmj|d| rgv {gd ilsvmtin cmof ‖imvmh‑)Amklsimr{4 {m indl r{|pgid ig jmdla Rl pmānvg: {m dl igpsm{nv tgkgĈg& naplsg{nv amklsintgbndl& oslil{nāgi n pmk r{gfina psn{nrjma& mk jsntl km jsntl& pslvfgkgijmigāim {lj igzna tgamsma n rjlp{nbntama)



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Hfmrg4 ‖Mvm r{gidl r{vgsn psmntfgtn nt sgtfnjl& mkvlĈ ālr{m tgilagslil&ntalė| amklsine n r{gsne ks|z{gvg pm pn{gid| pmdamvg sg{g n ansg) Mkimr ntalė|r{gidg ansg n r{gidg sg{g dl& |rpmslknam fn psmzfm n rgkgzidl pmnagidl pmdamvg&|psgvm mcsi|{) Ans dl tg igr imsagfim r{gidl& jmdl psljnkg sg{: tg r{gsg ks|z{vg&

sg{im r{gidl dl cnfm imsagfim r{gidl jmdl mjmiāgvg ans)‑ Clivlinr{l& Sdlāinj nikml|smprjne nir{n{|bndg

2;) \ {lmsndn jgm n | psgjrn& amklsig KsŹgvg rl sgėg kg cn mjmiāgfg hsgėgirjnsg{& {gkg tigi jgm ‖slfnhndrjn sg{‑) Kgjfl& KsŹgvg dl n enr{msndrjn n pmvfgr{n{ma psntigid| ks|hm{ig | mkimr| ig hsgėgirjn sg{)

Hfmrg4 Cmknimvne Šlr{ jidnhg m Slp|cfnbn %7<8?. mcdgvfdlil r| āl{nsn hmkniligjmi Cgs{mfmaldlvl imĈn: g Emcclrmv Flvndg{gi dlkgiglr{ hmknig igjmi K|hmhpgsfgali{g % Fmih Pgsfngali{ .) Pmr{mdgimr{ amklsil KsŹgvl& mk gprmf|{ntag kmksŹgvl cfghmr{gidg& pmr{mdgimr{ dl ilpsljnkimh n ilkmvszlimh sg{g jmdn rl vmknpsm{nv hsgėgirjmh sg{g)

2<) Ig Tgpgk| dl dlknir{vm {sgknbnmigfimh rvndl{g psljni|{m Slomsagbndman ‖slfnhndrjna sg{mvnag‑ jmdn r| |rfndlknfn) Amklsig KsŹgvg pmagfdg rlrg tgkgĈma pmimvimh |rpmr{gvfdgidg {mh dlknir{vg& gfn mvmh p|{grlj|fgsimh: il vnzl mshgirjmh dlknir{vg& ilhm aleginājmh& pmp|{ r{smdg&jgm rvdlrig gs{nonbndlfimr{)

Hfmrg4 Mim z{m dl amsgfm |inz{n{n rv| mshgirjmr{ |mcnāgdline pmrslkmvgidgtg vsndlal Slomsagbndl cnfg dl igp|jfnig igr{gfg kmj{snima jmdg dl psmpmvndlkgfgr{smh| mkvmdlimr{ vdlsmvgidg n kdlfmvgidg& jsgfdlvr{vg CmŹdlh n jsgfdlvr{vgrvdl{mvimh& |i|{gsidlh n ntvgidrjmh | āmvdlj|) Slfnhndrjn sg{mvn pslkr{gvfdgd|gpr|skgi rplj{gjf rvndl{g jmdn d|sn km cltkgig dls hg dl mpgtnm& rjfgkg jmdn rlfman pmk psn{nrjma {nr|Ĉ| gprmf|{ine n ilpmansfdnvne pmtnvg ig dlknir{vm) \psgvmig mvgd igāni& snvgfr{vnag rlj{n& slfnhndl rganag rlcn |ig{mā |vmkl nkld| l{nājlpf|sgfimr{n) Gfn mvkdl hsgėgirjn sg{ mranzfdgd| |psgvm min jmdn hg pm{nā| jgm ilz{mcn |cstm {slcgfm tgvszn{n& {gjm kg mcfnbn!Źnvm{g inr| psnrvmdlin ilhm mr|ėlin ig jmivlstnd| ntalė| mvmh nfn mimh vlĈ pmr{mdlĈlh hmrpmkgsg) Mk {gkg rn csmdin|r{gibn Naghnigsil pgs{ndl |tnagd| tg tgkgĈ| kg |ānil tgr{gsdlfma Inl{trbelmv|mpgrj| nt 75534 ‖ Igdvlqn igpslkgj agrg km kgigr dl slfnhndrjn sg{ dls kmjgt|dl kg r| agrl pmālfl pmr{|pg{n r nkldgag r pmz{mvgidla)‑




750

Hfmrg4 Nr{sāgvzn rvmd enr{msndrjn js|h& amklsig KsŹgvg pmimvim m{jsnvg rvmhr{gsmh ilpsndg{lfdg4 ‖rlj{l‑) Gfn mvmhg p|{g& KsŹgvg indl |rpnid|Ĉg pmfn{nājg righg)

2?) Amklsig KsŹgvg mjmiāgvg r{gs| ilvmfd| psm{lr{gi{ntag psl|tnagd|Ĉn

idlhmv| anrnd|) \rpmr{gvfdgd|Ĉn rsgt ntalė| rgvdlr{n n psgvkl jgjvmh hgdl nkli{nonbnsgfg Slomsagbndg& amklsig KsŹgvg |rpndlvg |hgrn{n ‖slfnhndrjl‑hsgėgirjl sg{mvl& g tgdlkim r idnag n slfnhndl)

Hfmrg4 Igkgfdl pmr{mdn& r dlkil r{sgil ‖gprmf|{im rfmcmkig‑& psnvg{ig namsgfig rgvdlr{& g r ks|hl dgvig& pmfn{nājg gjbndg& ‖gprmf|{im pmkvshi|{gksŹgvima sgtfmh|‑) [m Ĉl cn{n kvndl mkndlfdlil n ilmvnril rolsl) KsŹgvg rl r{vgsgnt inālhg& ljr{sgensgd|Ĉn nt {sgknbnmigfimh l{nājmh {jnvg amsgfim il|{sgfin psmr{mspmfn{nājl {leinjl& r|vlslin{l{) [m r| r{vgsgfgājn ānimvn alfgijmfnāil agsnmil{l)Z{m rl kgfdl fd|kn mkanā| mk mvmh |{lalfdn{lfdrjmh amali{g& {m rl vnzl h|cntigālidl ntvmsimh ānig) [m dl migd nr{n sltnhinsgin māgd jmdn rl ā|dl dmz | gi{nājmdomsa|fn4 b|n|r slhnm& ln|r slfnhnm)

28) Amklsig KsŹgvg ānin slfnhndl tgr{gsdlfnag dls ig idnemvmd rgas{imd pmr{lfdnpsl|tnag igdvnzl g{gvnr{nāi| ogi{gta| al{gontnjl& ogi{gta| Dlkimh)\c|k|Ĉl Ĉl pmslkgj rvndl{g& ngjm rga rlcn ntanāl& amsg{n cn{n ilpsljnkimmcigvfdgi n mksŹgvgi pm rvgj| bndli|) Pmfnbndg n dgvimr{ cn{ Ĉl rgrvnaonjbndrjl {leinjl jmdl amklsig KsŹgvg |pmzfdgvg kg cn |adl{im mksŹgfg onjbnd|Dlkimh) Bndlfg idltnig slgfimr{ th|ri|{g dl | {na igāninag jmdnag mrnh|sgvgmksŹgvgidl Pmsl{jg& gfn rgkg {lj ntvgidrjmh pmsl{jg& dgvimh pmsl{jg) [gjm rvngsh|ali{n jmdl ntimrn | vfgr{n{| mkcsgi| ig jsgd| rl rvmkl ig4 ‖Ntvgi alil&ilslk‑) Pm{p|im il{māim& ntvgi idl indl ilslk& ilhm aimz{vm pmslkgjg)

25) Ngjm {vskn kg mjmiāgvg hsgėgirjn sg{& amklsig KsŹgvg idlhmv dl igr{gvgjks|hna rslkr{vnag)

Hfmrg4 Dl fn i|Źim ān{g{n Flvndg{gig kg cnram tigfn kg ‖ gjm dl vlqnig hfgrgidla ntgcsgfg vsemvimh vfgkgsg& migd {jm indl psnr{gm amsg rl rfm`n{n r mr{gijma& {m dlr{& amsg rl tgkmvmfdn{n mkmcsgvgidla rvlhg z{m mi c|kl āninm nfn ql psgvlkim cn{n |inz{li mk mr{gfne) ))) Rvldlkim psnpgkg fn rj|pnin nfn il n {sg`n fn rl idlhmvm rfghgidl nfn il& mi rl amsg nfn pmkānin{n idnemvna mkslkcgag nfn mr{g{n | r{gid| sg{g | jmdla dl cnm psndl {mhg) Jgm {gjvmh& am`l hg |inz{n{n rvg{jm& g kg il



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pmānin ilpsgvk|)‑ R|kcnig pgsnzjne jma|igsg& tg{vmslinjg Knslj{il gjbndl& nfnpmc|idlinjg nt fnpidg 75;5) p|im iga hmvmsn m jsvgvma pmsndljf| slp|cfnjg) [m dlmrimvig tigāgdjg n pslpsljg amklsil KsŹgvl4 mig mpr{gdl rgam jsmt psgjr| nr{mhmimh z{m Źlfn m{jfmin{n& gj{|gfntnsgidla mil nr{l r{vgsn tg jmd| {vskn kg dl mkr|{ig)

Ksm{mvnag dl {m pmtig{m& c|k|Ĉn kg min pgsgkmjrgfim amsgd| psnandlin{n ‖psgvimr{gidl‑& jmdl tgpsgvm mvnrn rgam m idnag) Kgjfl {m dl cnfg r|kcnig amklsilKsŹgvl4 ntknhi|{n rl igdpsndl jgm psnvnkin pmcdlkinj hsgėgirjmh sg{g kg cn mkagepm{ma cnfg pmcndlėlig idnal: kg cn ig jsgd| cnfg rgam tghsgkg& alė|vsndlal& {ljdlkig pgs{ndg alė| ks|hnag | |r{sgdima {ndlj| hsgėgirjmh sg{g)

Hfmrg4 Jgk hmk cn amklsig KsŹgvg psmznsnfg rvmd| vfgkgvni|& mprjscnfg cn rl nr{nagsh|ali{nag& jmsnr{nfg rfnāil omsa|fgbndl) Mvl omsa|fgbndl mj|pfdlil r| tgdlkim| rvmdla igdānzĈla mcfnj| n | rvmdmd igdr{snj{indmd gsh|ali{gbndrjmd fmhnbn jmkEmcclrg) R{mhg rl rvg{jm {jm dl e{nm r|psm{r{gvn{n rl amklsimd KsŹgvn amsgm psvm|evg{n{n |jmz{gb r mvna dlknir{vlina {lmsl{nāgsla) Ygj n kgigr& ig vse|ib| pmjsl{glfnanigbndl rnr{lag igbndl!ksŹgvl& dgvim sltminsg lem ‖emcrmvr{vg‑) Pslag {mal&jgk rl | tgaszlimd golsn ‖jmstnjgirjl g|{mimandl‑ osgib|rjg vfgkg jmigāim rvsr{g|t amklf naplsndgfil klbli{sgfntgbndl& vfgkni aninr{gs |i|{gsidne pmrfmvg mkr{|pg |tdlkimr{gvgi tgjfd|āgj4 ‖Osgib|rjg il {slcg imvn slfnhndrjn sg{‑)

2>) Mim z{m ig amfgsimd fdlr{vnbn |tnag nthflk amklsil KsŹgvl& igamflj|fgsimd rl igtnvg ljmimarjn r|cdlj{)

Hfmrg4 P|im ram rl cgvnfn r|z{nima ljmimandl& g igsmān{m idlinatigāgdjgag ‖bsil aghndl‑) Ljmimandg il amŹl cn{n revgĈlig jgm rnr{lasgtadlil& pg {gjm in{n mkimr alė| mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g& |jmfnjm indl tgevgĈligl{nājn4 ljmimandg jgm psmntvmkidg mkslėlimh {npg mcfnjg!Źnvm{g) Ljmimandgpsl{emkn nir{n{|bndgag jmdnag rl mcnāim mtigā|dl idli igr{gigj ‒ {sŹnz{l& imvgb&fnevgslidl& pmkdlfg sgkg ‒ n dgvfdg rl jgm pmrdlkmvgidl& {m dlr{ tgpmrdlki|{mr{ dlkima prnenājma ljmimandma) \ {ma ranrf| sndlā dl m nr{nirjmd bsimd aghndn&n {m dl dlknig sgtnig ig jmdmd dl ljmimandg r{vgsig n jmijsl{ig) [| dl {gjmėls nidlig vltg r KsŹgvma lapnsndrjn |{vsknvg) Ighfn |tfl{ KsŹgvl r ks|hl r{sgilpmr{|pim r{vgsg ljmimand| | āmvdlj|& r{vgsg rgamh ‖Ymvdljg‑ jgm ljmimarj|jslg{|s|) Rg rvgjna |rgvszgvgidla KsŹgvl& |rgvszgvg rl ljmimandg | rvgjmamk idline r|cdljg{g& n mcsi|{m)




753

Cnfm cn dlkimr{gvim pmjgtg{n jgjm dl {ndljma rlkgaiglr{mh r{mfdlĈg dmz afgkgamklsig KsŹgvg |vlfg amil{gsi| ljmimand| n rvl z{m r idma nkl jgjm cn bspnfgslr|srl tg a|idlvn{n sgtvmd rvmdne gpgsg{g n il|amsine vmdine pmemkg) [m rl vlĈn ks|hkdl kmhgėgfm) Gfn mvgd psnr{|p {lj hslcl pm pmvsznin rvltl ntalė| KsŹgvl n

ljmimandl)

Amklsig KsŹgvg& ntalė| mr{gfmh& tigān n psmblr sgr{|Ĉl amimpmfntgbndlflhn{naimh igrnfdg& psmblr | jmdla r| rvn ks|hn mcfnbn igrnfdg klflhn{nantnsgin)Amklsig KsŹgvg rf|Źn psmblr| mpĈl pgbnonjgbndl jmdn& dmz mk jsgdg Rslkidlhgvndljg& mpr{gdl jsmt vfgr{n{| {sgdi| ni{litnonjgbnd|) Il rgam kg {ndljma mvllvmf|bndl ksgr{nāim psndlān rfmcmki| nhs| mcfnjg!Źnvm{g& amklsig KsŹgvg slvimsgkn ig idnemv| rfgagid|& jnkgid|& ig ljr{sgensgid| hmfmh Źnvm{g nt idne& g {gdl ljr{sgjbndg rgam kdlfmvgidl ‖bnvnfntgbndl‑) Kg cn pmr{gfm pmfn{nājn r|cdlj{amklsil KsŹgvl& rvgjm {ndlfm rl amsg pmkvshi|{n agznilsndn jmdg Ĉl hg |ānin{n{gjvna4 amsg mkcgbn{n rvmdl ilpsnjfgkil r{sgr{n& rvmdl randlzil rjfmimr{n& rvmdljmi{nhli{il ighmil& amsg rl mcms|Źg{n ni{lslrnag jmdn r| p|im psnjfgkindn& n dmzcmfdl& slpsltli{gcnfin) [gjm kgjfl rvgjm {ndlfm kg cn pmr{gfm pmfn{nājn r|cdlj{ amsgpmigdpsndl ntvlr{n g|{mjgr{sgbnd| | ljmimarjn r|cdlj{) Nklgfim& pmfn{nājn r|cdlj{ cn{Ĉl rvlkli ig ānr{n hfgr)

Jfd|āig o|ijbndg igānig ig jmdn rl iljm ks|z{vm rgam rlcn pslkr{gvfdg dlr{|{dlbgd ig igāni ig jmdn rl rvgjm {ndlfm pslkr{gvfdg rgam rlcn& kgjfl |{dlbgd igidlhmv| prnenāj| r{s|j{|s|) Amklsig KsŹgvg dl jmir{n{|nsgidl rvgjmh {ndlfg jgmamflj|fgsil KsŹgvl& mckgslimh {dlflrina ni{lhsn{l{ma pm amklf| {lsn{msndgfimhni{lhsn{l{g& |jgf|pfdlimh | tg{vmsli li{n{l{ |i|{gs Rlcr{vg r|psm{r{gvfdlimh jgjm‖ntvgidrjma rvndl{|‑ {gjm n c|sima ks|z{vgib| vfgr{n{ne ighmig jmdl amsg mc|tkg{n&n jmigāim psmpnrgimh kg rl mkimrn rpsga rlcn rfnāine jgm ālr{n{ r|cdlj{ jmdn pmz{|dltgjmi& kg rl r|mkimrn r ks|hna {ndlfnag pslag |invlstgfina jfg|t|fgag iljl vsr{lpsnvg{imh ni{lsigbnmigfimh tgjmig ‖bnvnfntnsgine‑ mcnāgdg) Ig {gd igāni& z{m rl vnzlks|z{vg jmir{n{|nsgd| jgm ksŹgvl& {m vnzl idnemvn pmkginbn nijmspmsnsgd| ljmimand|)Min rl rgam! n alė|!igktns|& jmi{smfnsgd| rvmdl mrdlĈgdl& rvmdl pmjsl{l& rvmdlighmil& n vdls|d| kg n mk ks|hne amh| tge{ndlvg{n nr{m r|tksŹgvgidl) Cknd| kg rlinjgk mkvlĈ il pslp|r{l {gam hkdl cn {m amhfm cn{n og{gfim& n |slė|d| rvmdl agflilpsmtnsil j|{jl hkdl rl amh| ‖mp|r{n{n‑ | vfgr{n{md kmjmfnbn) [| | tgjfmi|& pmv|ālin|i|{gs vfgr{n{ne hsginbg& min jgfj|fnsgd|& pslkvnėgd|& ānil rgal rlcl pmrslkinbnagntalė| psmzfmr{n n c|k|Ĉimr{n& n vlt|d| rvmd| r|kcni| |t igdvdlsmdg{ind| pslkvnkfdnv|



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jgsnj| alė| {m kvmdl) \psgvm {gjm& pmp|{ jgsnjg rl min |fgiāgvgd|4 r{gvfdgd| rl| fgibl n fgibnag vlt|d| dlkin tg ks|hl& rpslāgvgd|Ĉn rvgjn nrpgk n psl{dlsgimr{)FgŹig rgamjmi{smfg& mc|tkgvgidl& rgamslh|fgbndg rvne r{sgr{n& ljr{sgjbndg rolslr{sgeg n rsgag ‒ hmfmh Źnvm{g: m{jfgidgidl rvgjmh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g& g igsmān{m rvgjl

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N {gjm h|r{m n Źgfmrim tgr{sgznvgidl amklsil KsŹgvl psmntvmkn ljmimand|&psnan{nvim n lhtnr{libndgfim& jsmt psmblr jmdn rl amŹl psg{n{n |ig{sgh km kvgiglr{mhr{mfdlĈg& km |{lalfdlidg psvne {lsn{msndgfine kvmsmvg) Jgm z{m dl Lfngr dgjm kmcsmpmjgtgm& |vmėlidl sg{injg | kvmsrjm ks|z{vm dl gsel{nprjn psnadls {mh nijmspmsnsgidgljmimandl& āndn pmāl{bn rlŹ| | kvgiglr{m r{mfdlĈl n psgvnfg kvmsrjmh pmigzgidg& psljmpsns|āinjg m bnvnfimr{n & sgtcmsn{mr{n n kmcsna aginsnag& pg rvl km& jmigāim& l{njl{lvlsrgdrjmh kvmsg& psvl r|pr{gibndgfil slgfntgbndl rgvszlim rplj{gj|fgsimh ks|z{vg| jmdla r| rvn mkimrn pmrslkmvgin rfnjgag) Jgm n rvn mcfnbn knvfdlh pslp|z{gidg igjmdnag dl |{lalfdlim rslkidlvdljmvim vn{lz{vm& igrnfdl dl pmfgjm kmalr{nbnsgim& kgjflntmfnsgim jgm igrnfdl& klsn{|gfntnsgim& nrjfd|ālim nt rvgjl slpsltli{gbndl& n jmigāimrgrdlālim nts|hnvgidla& ‖snknj|fmtina‑& rsgama mk r{sgeg n r{sgema mk rsgag)Znslidla mvmh rgammhsgināgvgidg& mvmh |`grg mk pslp|z{gidg& KsŹgvg dl |rpdlfgr{vmsn{n ljmimarjn r|cdlj{& tgksŹgvgd|Ĉn rvgjm cnĈl |i|{gs Rlcr{vg& kgjfl |i|{gsrvmh {ndlfg& | ljr{sgensgid| hmfmh `nvm{g nt rvgjmh mcfnjg!`nvm{g)

Hfmrg4 ‖\ mkslėlima ranrf|& pmfdl cmscl dl psladlz{lim | |i|{sgzimr{ āmvdljg)Knm igpl{mr{n n r{sgr{n jmdl r| rl sgindl m{p|z{gfl | cmscn dlkgi ig dlkgi& hkdl r|rl fd|kn r|jmcfdgvgfn ntsgvim& rgkg amsg cn{n mksgėli |i|{gs āmvdljg %))). Nir{nij{n&r{sgr{vlin golj{n jmdn rl vnzl il amh| aginolr{nsg{n | mkimrnag alė| fd|knag& ālr{mrl cmsl& il agidl igrnfim& |i|{gs rgal niknvnk|l& psm{nv ―igktnsgil„ r{sgil idlhmvgRlcr{vg) Mvg pmf|g|{mag{rjg cmscg āmvdljg rg rgana rmcma km kgigr indl rsl{imsgtsndlzlig‑ %Imscls{ Lfngr& M psmblr| bnvnfntgbndl.

Jgjm rvdlkmānam {ndljma ‖amklsin{l{g‑& niknvnk|g psmntvlklig mvna psmblrmanijmspmsgbndl ljmimandl imrn | rlcn igp|jfni|) Nt {l igp|jfnil b|sn idli hmfn Źnvm{)Rgan r| idlin pmjsl{n& hlr{l igp|ji|{l& sgrbndlpfdlidl& rfmafdlil nti|{sg) Injgjvmpslp|z{gidl& injgjvm psnrvgdgidl il amŹl rl kmhmkn{n {gam hkdl rl mkvndg ksŹgvigjgapgidg pgbnonjgbndl& idli sg{ |inz{lidg |radlsli psm{nv hsgėgirjmh sg{g)Igadlr{m mcfnjg!Źnvm{g& mvkdl pgsgkmjrgfim psmigfgtnam sgrjmzi| enplspsmk|jbnd|&sgthsgig{| psmfnolsgbnd| r|cdlj{nvimr{n) \ mvmd {mājn r|rslĈl rl kvmr{s|jg ilvmfdg




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ljmimandl n KsŹgvl4 hsgėgirjn sg{ |{ljgm dl |i|{gs rvgjmhg& amklsig KsŹgvgrvgjmh dl r{gvnfg | sg{ psm{nv rgag rlcl) Mkg{fl an pmfgtnam)

;0) \{lalfdn{lfdrjn āni amklsil KsŹgvl ‒ kgjfl il psvn āni& ilhm migd jmdn

|vndlj ntimvg pmigvfdg ‒ |rpmr{gvfdgidl dl onj{nvimh sgrbdlpg ntalė|dgvimh n psnvg{imh& pmfn{nājmh n amsgfimh) \psgvm {gjm mig |rpndlvgigpsgvn{n igp|jfnil | {ndlf|& n rgafdl{n mcfnjl!Źnvm{g) Mvgd pmjsl{ bndlpgidgig |i|{gsid| rfmcmk| n ntvgidrjm pm{ānidgvgidl& amsgfi| |i|{gsidmr{ npmfn{nājm pmigzgidl& mkhmvgsg nir{n{|bndn hmfmh Źnvm{g jgm {gjvmd )

Hfmrg4 Nt nrj|r{vg tigam |vdl{l emcrmvrjl {sgirgjbndl ntalė| r|cdlj{g nr|vlslig4 ‖Andlidga amd| rfmcmk| tg {vmd| tgz{n{|) Jgm jmaplitgbnd| tg amd|gprmf|{i| ntvgidrj| pmrf|zimr{& amsgz an dgaān{n rnh|simr{‑) Rnh|simr{& igdpsndlpmr{gvfdlig jgm tgjfminz{l mk ras{il mpgrimr{n jmdma an psndl{l ‖ks|hn‑& pslkjsgd Flvndg{gig kmcndg rgrvna imv| knalitnd|) \ pmhfgvfd| UUU) ān{gam4 ‖pmkrnh|simzĈ| rl mvkdl il anrfn ig p|jm mā|vgidl& vlĈ {gjmėls n ig rvl ks|hlpmhmkimr{n Źnvm{g jmdl rvgjn āmvdlj r{dlāl tg rlcl rvmdna kmp|z{lina sgkma& gclt pmhnclfdn nfn pmvslkl ksŹgvl‑)

;7) KsŹgvim kdlfmvgidl il|{sgfntgbndl |rpmr{gvfdg& mvnrim m {ma| r jmdl hgr{sgil psmag{sgam& kvg enalsnāig& tgrlcig n alė|mvnrig amimpmfg4amimpmf igk pmfn{nājna n amimpmf igk jsn{nājna)

Hfmrg4 Igsgvim& r dlkil r{sgil KsŹgvg rn igr{mdn psnrvmdn{n amimpmf igkpmfn{nājna& āndn dl igdpmtig{ndn ntsgt ‖amimpmf igk flhn{naina igrnfdla‑ {ljigdmānhflkindn pmjgtg{lfd) Amimpmfntgbndg pmfn{nājmh tge{ndlvg klhsgkgbnd|sgtfnjmvil dlkninbl rvndl{g | igbnd|& g pm{ma idli| kgfdid| klhsgkgbnd| | pmp|fgbnd| n {lsn{msnd) Tge{ndlvg kltni{lhsgbnd| mshgirjmh dlknir{vg {sgknbnmigfine ks|z{gvg kgcn rl idnemvn pslmr{gfn osghali{n pmkvshi|fn psnibnp| mshgintgbndl) Jmigāim& igjmiz{m dl rvlfg ks|z{vm ig ‖ānr{| niknr{nij{i| agr|& ig aimz{vm sgzāfgidlim igrvmdl g{mal‑ %Elhlf.& KsŹgvg tg|tnag |fmh| |adl{injg jmdn kgdl mcfnj rnsmvnigag&g pslag ān{jma psnibnp| Tgjmig)

R ks|hl r{sgil& pmkdlfg ig psnvg{im n dgvim sgėg mv| ks|h| ilslgfimr{ jmdgpgsnsg ilslgfimr{n KsŹgvl4 jsn{nj|) Igsgvim& |psgvm dl Jgi{ | Š{m dl psmrvdl{n{lfdr{vm= omsa|fnsgm hfgvi| klvnt| jsn{njl) Ilmcnāim dl z{m dl {g klvntg nr{mkmcim ntsljg Osnksnbeg



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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NN4 ‖Randl{l anrfn{n jmfnjm emĈl{l n m āla| hmk emĈl{l& kmj hmk rl pmjmsgvg{l'‑Rnal{snāig | {ma ‖amsgfim il|{sgfima‑ pmfn{nājma psmr{ms| KsŹgvimh sgtfmhg& jsn{njg|rpmr{gvfdg ‖pmfn{nājn il|{sgfgi‑ amsgfin psmr{ms rfmcmkil |pmsgcl Sgt|ag) \psgvm{m rl anrfn jgm ‖dgvimr{‑& igdpsndl nkli{nonbnsgim r ‖Sîp|cfnw|l klr Fl{{slr‑& gfn |cstm

psnrvmdlim jgm ksŹgvim ms|Źdl psm{nv cnfm jgjvmh r|psm{r{gvfdlimh l{nājmh {jnvg& cnfl {milsgrjnknvl vltl {sgknbnmigfimh ks|z{vg& Bm|s klr Ansgbflr& nfn dltnj |fnbl) Gpr{sgjbndnksŹgvil rolsl g|{mimail pmfn{njl mkhmvmsn{ Ĉl ks|hg gpr{sgjbndg4 gpr{sgjbndg jsn{nājlrolsl g|{mimaimh knrj|srg) N dlkigjm jgm z{m {nznig mjs|Ź|dl ānimvl KsŹgvimh sgtfmhg&tgcsgig ānig mjs|Ź|dl cscfdgidg n rgidgslidg jsn{nājmh sgt|ag) Jsn{njg rl rag{sg {naānzĈma n sgknjgfindma z{m dl vnzl m{|ėlig mk cnfm jgjvmh pmtn{nvimh |{lalfdlidgvfgr{n{ne cgdjmvn{ne |anzfdgdg) \ tgadli| tg mksnbgidl mk rvgjl ilpmrslkil pmfn{nājligadlsl& kgjfl | tgadli| tg mrpmsgvgidl ksŹgvimh amimpmfg ig pmfn{nājm& mig Ĉlkmcn{n amimpmf ig amsgf ) AmĈn Ĉl kgjfl ilpslr{gibl psmrvdlkmvg{n & kmj hmk ilpsl{liknsg pmr{mdg{n ig iljn ks|hn igāni) Yni clt hmvmsg r dlkil r{sgil& hmvms clt ānigr ks|hl ‒ {gjm rn KsŹgvg n Jsn{njg dgaāl& rvgjg rvmdma tgrlcima nir{gibma& kgjflpmfnbndma n dgvina& il|{sgfntgbnd| rvgjl l{nājl sgtfnjl) Mvnal RL m{jfgidg& tgdlkim rgrfmcmkima nhsma mcfnjg!Źnvm{g& n rgam pmfn{nājm)

Hfmrg4 R{mhg il tgā|ė|dl z{m r| rl igdvlĈg slalj!kdlfg jsn{njl pmdgvnfg|psgvm {gam hkdl r| ‖hsgėgin‑ pmigdvnzl fnzlin psnr{|pg ‖pmfn{nājmd rolsn‑& tgpsgvmn cnfm jgjvmd psgjrn: hkdl dl bndlfm jmflj{nvim pmr{mdgidl pmk ksŹgvima āntama&kgjfl | gprmf|{ina amigsendgag Osgib|rjl n Ps|rndl mrgaiglr{mh r{mfdlĈg) Agfmntiligė|dl n {m z{m dl tlafdg KsŹgvl {gjmėls n tlafdg Jsn{njl& z{m dl Osgib|rjg%dls m Osgib|rjmd dl sndlā. | rvgjma grplj{|& ālr{m āgj n m{vmslim& {gjm Źlr{mjmmrgaiglr{mr{mfdl{ig) Psl{pmr{gvfd|Ĉn jmi{nihlibnd| {lg{sg igzlh kdlfmvgidg&ilĈlam rl npgj |r{s|āgvg{n pmali|{n jmir{gi{| igbnmigfimh jgsgj{lsg& rv|hkdlks|hkdl vlĈ nrbspfdli|) Ngjm amŹlam psnjgtg{n jgjm dl& hlilsgbnd| tg hlilsgbndma&vlĈ vnzl mk kvg r{mfdlĈg& KsŹgvg psmntvmknfg jsn{nj|& g jsn{njg tg|tvsg{ psmntvmknfgKsŹgv|& rag{sga kg dl nir{s|j{nvindl bn{nsg{n mvkdl mpnrl pslkslvmf|bnmigsilOsgib|rjl nt rslknil klvl{iglr{mh r{mfdlĈg& kgjfl r jsg{jna vslalirjnamkagjma& mpnrl dlkimh mk|simh& gfn psminbgvmh k|eg4

‖_fgkg r{gsmh slŹnag vlĈ dl mk|tlfg Osgib|tnag rvgj| amh|Ĉimr{& āgj nŹlfd|& kg pmamhi| dlkin ks|hnag) Jgk rl Slvmf|bndg kmhmknfg& |tgf|k cnr{l {sgŹnfn| vlĈnin Osgib|rjl klrl{ fd|kn jmdn cn nagfn igvnj| kdlfmvg{n tgdlkim ig |mcnāgdliigāni& |tnagd|Ĉn | s|jl vfgr{n{| mcsgi|: {m dl cnfg tgkgĈg rslknzidl vfgr{n)‑




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;2) Sm|rrlg| dl rag{sgm kg rl amŹl r|psm{r{gvn{n Emcclr| pm pn{gid| {mhg‖jgjm rl sg{im r{gidl sgėg nt ks|z{vlimh r{gidg‑) [gjm dl fmzla knvfdgj|mvmh Lihfltg r|psm{r{gvnm Kmcsmh knvfdgjg& dlkimd gi{smpmfmhndn ks|h|gi{smpmfmhnd|& mvgd p|{ mp{nanr{nāi|) Gfn hslzjg mvkdl indl cnfg | plrnanta|&

ilhm | gi{smpmfmhndn: n | e{ndlid| kg rl ig idmd |{lalfdn ks|z{vlin pmslkgj)

Hfmrg4 Emcclr indl sgtvnm rvmd| gi{smpmfmhnd| rgam psmag{sgd|Ĉn psmcflal rvmhkmcg4 Osmik|& lihflrj| slvmf|bnd|& sgėgidl gprmf|{nr{nājl KsŹgvl | Osgib|rjmd& nsgtfnjl alė| idnag) \ {m vsndlal& p|{mpnrn n rvdlkmāgir{vg nt Imvmh rvndl{g js|ŹlvlĈ kvg r{mfdlĈg) Agfm rjfmi |tl{n tksgvm tg hm{mvm ‖kg dl psnsmkim r{gidl& {m dlr{gprmf|{ig rfmcmkg | jmdmd fd|kn inr| in r|vlslin in pmkginbn& cnfm r{gidl gigsendl nsg{im r{gidl‑& Emcclr hsgėgirjn sg{ | ‖bnvnfntnsgina‑ igbndgag psnpnr|dl pmvsg{j| |psnsmkim r{gidl& jgjgv rvna rslkr{vnag {slcg m{jfmin{n) Galsnājn knvfdgbn n idnemvmpsnsmkim r{gidl& pmali|{n r |Źgrma | Kl bnvl n Flvndg{gi|& mkvsg{gi r| psnadlsmine jmdn ‖mrna vfgr{n |i|{gs agfne mcn{lfdn& āndg rfmhg mvnrn m psnsmkima cf|k|& |mpĈlilagd| vfgr{n& n Źnvl km kgigzidne kgig pmp|{ Źnvm{nidg‑ % Flvndg{gi.)

Hfmrg4 Jgk rl sgkn m anrfn | igdānzĈla mcfnj|& sgtagj ntalė| pn{gidg n mkhmvmsgjg{jgk amŹl {sgdg{n vnzl r{mfdlĈg) [gjm dl dlkgi gi{smpmfmh& iljmfnjm adlrlbn psndlilhm z{m rl |cnm& mkhmvmsnm Emcclr|) Lpmeg dl | alė|vslali| pslzfg ig ks|h|mcgf| amklsin{l{g& igzgvzn rl pm{p|im |pfl{lima | Naplsnd) Mkhmvms rl pmdgvnm7>88) | psvma csmd| āgrmpnrg Fncsl pmk igrfmvma ‖Gselmfmhndg igrnfdg‑) Pmj|zgfmhg Rl& cgz jgm n idlhmv igr{gvgj ‖Ilvmfdl knvfdlh sg{injg‑& revg{n{n ilmvnrim mr|jmcnag nt nr{mh klrl{fdlĈg& r|jmcnag ntalė| |scgil hlsnfl n {smzine r{s|j{|sgc|sŹmgrjl KsŹgvl& ilmvnrim m Sm{l Gsall Osgj{nmi& ilmvnrim m Csnhg{{l Smrrl nkno|tima G|{mimang pmjsl{|) Pg āgj n r mvma j|jgvnājma sltlsvma& Bfgr{slrmvn{ljr{mvn n kgfdl |tilans|d|)

‖Z{m dl psnan{nvim ks|z{vm= [m dl aimz{vm ilkdlfdnvne tgdlkinbg jmdl rl rvlpmkvshgvgd| nr{md bli{sno|hgfimd fmhnbn) Jmdg nir{n{|bndg nr{mkmcim ntsgŹgvg n dgaānpmr{mdgimr{ mvl fmhnjl= [m dl sg{& sg{ jgm nr{nig mkimrg alė| tgdlkinbgag& jgmmrimvim rmbnmfmzjm rslkr{vm psmamvnsgidg bli{sno|hgfil rnfl knrplstndl igrpsgabli{snpl{gfil rnfl |inonjgbndl) Sg{in r{smd dl am{ms ks|z{vlimh r{smdg: psnan{nvimks|z{vlim cnĈl pm{p|im pmānvg ig sg{|& psnan{nvim ks|z{vm il amŹl pslŹnvdl{nclt sg{g) Z{m dl vnzl sg{g& {m dl agidl |inonjgbndl& n igdcmfdn ilpsndg{lfd KsŹgvl dlsg{) Psnan{nvim ks|z{vm dl ks|z{vm psm{nv KsŹgvl mimfnjm jmfnjm dl ks|z{vm!tg!



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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sg{) _sgĈgam rl {| mpl{ Emcclrmvmd anrfn) %))). Mi dl cnm jgkgs |vnkdl{n kg r|sg{ n KsŹgvg psm{|sdlāin {lsanin& kg il amh| pmr{mdg{n tgdlkim& kg dlkgi napfnbnsgilhgbnd| ks|hmhg4 sg{ rpslāgvg KsŹgv|& KsŹgvg rpslāgvg sg{) Hmflag& hm{mvmog{gfig hslzjg āmvdljg {mh kmcg dl {g z{m dl vdlsmvgm kg ks|z{vm jmdl mpr{gdl

| sg{| rvne psm{nv rvne tgpsgvm indl ks|z{vm: kg rvndl{ Knvfdgjg indl ks|z{vlinrvndl{4 kg& pmrfdlknāim& nir{n{|bndg ks|z{vg pmksgt|andlvg jsgd sg{g& pmdgvfdnvgidlaKsŹgvl& {mh gi{n!sg{imh r{smdg pgs lublfflibl) Ngjm ilrpmrmcgi anrfn{n psnan{nvinjgm il!psnsmkin rvndl{& Emcclr dl npgj cnm psvn jmdn dl |vnknm kg il amŹlam anrfn{nsg{ clt KsŹgvl& kg ne amsgam anrfn{n tgdlkim& | mkimr| nrjfd|ānvgidg)‑

;;) Ilrpmrmcimr{ psgvim!omsagfimh igpgkg KsŹgvl kg slk|bnsg hsgėgirjnsg{ indl agshnigfgi kl{gfd jmdn psmntfgtn nt ānidlinbl kg Ĉl |vndlj cn{npflcrg jmdn {slcg pgbnonbnsg{n& ilhm dl rslknzidg i|Źimr{ rgane psmblk|sgpgbnonjgbndl) Mshgintgbndl igpsgvfdlil pm amklf| KsŹgvl jgsgj{lsntnsgd| jgm‖cltmcfnāim‑-‑ilomsagfim‑ rvl z{m psmntfgtn nt nhsl mcfnjg!Źnvm{g) \ amklsimdrl KsŹgvn mvg nslk|j{ncnfimr{ hsgėgirjmh sg{g aginolr{nsg clrjmigāinaznslidla igktmsg n pmfnbndl& kgjfl rvlhg z{m nag ilpsntig{| tgkgĈ| kgmr{vgsn |vdl{l amh|Ĉimr{n ksŹgvimh pmsl{jg& hmflamh jmfnjm n ilkdlfg{imh)

Hfmrg4 M{jgjm dl Fm|nr UN_) r{vmsnm pgsnzjm igadlrinz{vm& psgjrl pmfnbndrjnenir{n{|bndg ilpslr{gim pmjgt|d| jgjm amklsig KsŹgvg pmr{|pim r{vgsg rvmdlks|z{vm) Pmfnbndg dl {g righg jmdg ni{lsvlinsg jgk ‖r{vgsn il nk| jgjm {slcg‑&kgjfl {gam hkdl rl pmjgŹl gi{ghmintga alė| mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g nfn rjmj pmfn{nājmh ni{litn{l{g) Pmk ntfnjma kg rvmdma pmfnbndrjma s|jma z{n{n ‖ks|z{vlim {jnvm‑&jmsnr{lĈn ks|h| s|j| kg hg |inz{n& KsŹgvg rl i|kn jgm lhtnr{libndgfim il|{sgfgipmrslkinj alė| r{sgijgag n igalĈl rl& āgj n rg rvmdna psljmadlsina psni|kinarslkr{vnag& jgm pgbnonbnsgi pldtgŹ tg r|jmcfdgvgidl) [gjm dl& pm |vndlj nr{ma nilpsmadlidnvma rbligsnd|& pmfnbndg psmntvlfg dgvin psmr{ms jgm psmr{ms igk jmdnadl psl|tlfg jmi{smf|: {gjm rl dltnj KsŹgvl psnadlid|dl ig hm{mvm rvgj| ks|z{vli|gj{nvimr{& pmr{gd|Ĉn {gjm ks|z{vlina dltnjma pgs lublfflibl)

Hfmrg4 ‖Bnfd igktmsg n rjscn pmfnbndl dl kg pmrslk|dl ntalė| pmdlknibg n|invlstgfil amh|Ĉimr{n kmr{|pil tg kmrltgidl niknvnk|gfine bnfdlvg) Pmfnbndg cnrl {slcgfg rjscn{n tg |fnāi| sgrvdl{|& hsgkid| amr{mvg& mpmsltnvgidl rvgjmkilvinepm{slcg& jgm n tg tksgvfdl) Kvg mrimvig hflknz{g pslvfgkgvgd| pm {ma pn{gid|)Dlkim ksŹn kg cn pmfnbndg {slcgfg nag{n igktms igk rvna& g ks|hm kg pmfnbndg ilag




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;<) \ rvgjma {sli|{j| rvmh pmr{mdgidg& pmfnbndg pmkrdlĈg KsŹgv| ig igrnfdl&cgigfimr{ n mprj|simr{ idltnimh pmsndljfg)

;?) Amklsig KsŹgvg psmpgkg ig {sn igānig4 igdpsndl jgm gprmf|{nr{nājg KsŹgvg&tg{na jgm fnclsgfig KsŹgvg& n jmigāim jgm KsŹgvg cfghmr{gidg) Psndlfgtr dlkil ig ks|h| amŹl cn{n revgĈli | mkimr| ig {sn r|jblrnvig mcfnjghsgėgirjmh sg{g4 slfnhndrjn sg{mvn& jfgrig cmscg n Naghnigsig pgs{ndg) _gfdgigpmali|{n kg psmpgr{ KsŹgvl mvkdl indl | jmigāima slt|f{g{|& ilhm |rgama psmblr|& | bdlfmj|pima idlima {sgdgid|)

Hfmrg4 Jgk dl psvn {sli|{gj igrnfil pgbnonjgbndl tgvsznm n gprmf|{nr{nājnslŹna dl |rpmr{gvfdli& onh|sg |{dlfmvfdlimh r|vlslig igr{gvnfg dl Źnvdl{n jgmclrjmsnr{gi rnacmf psm{ljfmh sg{g) \adlr{m kg pmhmk|dl pgbnonjgbndn& r|vlslidl igpsm{nv ntgtnvgm psjmr& r|jmc n slvmf{) Dgrim kg dl psnevgĈgidl mvmhdlknir{vlimh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g ‒ ‖{gjm al dl vmfdg‑ ‒ jmz{gfm slpslrndl rvne ks|hnemcfnjg!Źnvm{g) Fnclsgfig KsŹgvg pmk|kgsg rl r igknfgŹlidla mvl gpmsndl& gpmsndlplsrmigfimh r|vlslin{l{g& gfn dlknim igknfgtlĈn dl ig idlima vfgr{n{ma {lsli|)Fnclsgfig KsŹgvg dl rjsmaig KsŹgvg& jmdg {vskn kg pmr{mdn rgam kg cn mrnh|sgfgrfmcmki| nhs| niknvnk|gfine rfmcmkg& n | {| rvse| nti|ė|dl ni{lslrl mk rvgjmh{ndlfg& kg cn ne amhfg rvltg{n |t {m {ndlfm n ansim vfgkg{n {na imvna gpr{sgj{inarvndl{ma4 ‖olimaligfima slp|cfnjma ni{lslrg‑ %Om|bg|f{.) [vskn kg pmr{mdnrgam kg cn ksŹgfg r{vgsn | kmcsma slk|& | kmcsma o|ijbnminsgid| ‖bnvnfimhks|z{vg‑ jmdl dl bndlfm rgag r{vmsnfg) Tginafdnvm& rfgvim kmcg fnclsgfil KsŹgvl&jmdl rl psm{lŹl mk 757<) km 7>7;) jmnibnknsg r |aimŹgvgidla nir{s|alig{gjmi{smfl& r ilpsljnkina igktnsgidla n mpĈna knrbnpfninsgidla pmp|fgbndl& n rpm{p|ina pmkvshgvgidla ks|z{vg pmfnbndn n dgvimr{n) ‖Sgtvmd& ksgag{nāgi sgr{n znslidl jsmt ks|z{vm mvne hfgrmvn{ne knrbnpfnigsine {leinjg jmdl psl|tnagd|tgkgĈ| |psgvfdgidg pmigzgidla niknvnk|g kgi tg kgima n | igdrn{indla kl{gfd|{māim r| r|vslalil r hmknigag rfmcmkg)‑ %Om|bg|f{.) Rnh|simr{ dl psnagsinpslk|vdl{ ‖niknvnk|gfil rfmcmkl‑ jmdg dl inz{gvig dls pslr{gdl {gam hkdl pmānidlrfmcmkg ks|hmh āmvdljg) KsŹgvg jmdg ‖emĈl vfgkg{n |psgvm {mfnjm kg vfgkg z{m dl



Tlinājl rvlrjl

7>7

agidl amh|Ĉl‑& amsg tgpsgvm tig{n rvl& n amsg sgtvn{n rj|p psgjrn n {leimfmhndgtg {m) Pmfnbndg n dgvimr{ kvndl r| nir{gibl jmdnag fnclsgfig KsŹgvg ānin psmtnsima{lalfdi| ilpsmtnsimr{ pmp|fgbndl) Mvkdl rvdlkmānam pmka|jfma igāni| igjmdn fnclsgfig KsŹgvg km rgvszlir{vg h|sg amklsi| KsŹgv|& pmk ntfnjma kg

amsg psmksndl{n rv|hkdl kg {gam il cn amsgfg kmnr{g amsgfg cn{n& kg amsgrvl tig{n kg cn rvmdl pmkginjl amhfg mr{gvn{n rfmcmkinag) Psnibnp fnclsgfilKsŹgvl amhgm cn rl omsa|fnsg{n mvgjm4 ‖Kg KsŹgvg il cnfg rv|hkdl& pm{slcim dlkg knrbnpfnig n jmi{smfg c|k|‑) ‖N {lj jgk vfgkgvnig& mhsginālig pmigdpsndl igrvmd| o|ijbnd| igktmsg& |vnkn kg rl ilz{m il kmhgėg pslag tge{dlvnag mpĈlaleginjl pmigzgidg& sgtadlil n ljmimarjmh Źnvm{g& n{k)))& {gkg ni{lsvlinsg)%))). Pgimp{njmi dl dl rgag omsa|fg fnclsgfil vfgkgvnil‑ %Om|bg|f{& Smėlidl cnmpmfn{njl.) ‖Bnvnfim ks|z{vm‑ nal dl jmdl dl fnclsgfig KsŹgvg kgfg mima| z{mdl nr{mkmcim idli psmk|j{ n idlim ntvgidrjm) Indl ntiligė|d|Ĉl vnkdl{n kg dlkigr{|kndg m ‖vsndlkimr{nag‑ Osgib|tg vdls|dl kg amŹl tgjfd|ān{n& clt njgjvmhkmdag kg ntsnāl pgsgkmjr& kg r| | 7>>>) ‖Osgib|tn rvl vnzl vltgin |t mrmcilrfmcmkl n dgvin pmslkgj‑ % Fl Amikl& 7?) r{|klimh 3000.) Mānhflkim& alė|nknm{nag jmdn mkhmvgsgd| ig gijl{l& kgjfl& alė| minag jmdn dmz |vndlj vdls|d|| slpsltli{gbnd|& vlĈnig r| ilrsl{in& jgr{snsgin tgfd|cfdlinbn | fnclsgfi| KsŹgv|)Rvl | rvla|& ‖osgib|rjm bnvnfim ks|z{vm‑ tigān rgam nrpsgvim o|ijbnminsgidl rj|pg knrbnpfnig n slŹnag r|cdlj{nvgbndl mkmcsline mk amklsil KsŹgvl)

Hfmrg4 Naplsndgfntga n {m{gfn{gsntga mtigā|d| kvg igānig jmdnag amklsigKsŹgvg igr{mdn mpjmsgān{n vfgr{n{| ilamh|Ĉimr{& psvn cdlŹlĈn vgi rvmdne hsginbg| jmfmindgfi| ljrpgitnd|& g ks|hn ni{litnvina psmk|cfdnvgidla plil{sgbndl |i|{gsvfgr{n{ne hsginbg) \ mcg rf|āgdg& mvl māgdinājl slgjbndl KsŹgvl& jmdg {na vnzligr{mdn cn{n rvl z{m dl vnzl tgpsgvm inz{g& mjmiāgvgd| | mcfnbnag hsgėgirjmh sg{g&tg jmdn KsŹgvg {vskn kg dmd dl psl{emknm)

;8) Jmigāim dl l{g{ntgbndg ks|z{vlimh amsgfg cn{n pfgĈlig rmbndgfntgbndmaKsŹgvl& kmvmklĈn {gjm km |tgdgaimh sgr{vgsgidg n dlkimh n ks|hmh) Mimz{m Rl igtnvg ‖KsŹgvma cfghmr{gidg‑ cnfm dl ilsgtfnjmvgidl& niknr{nijbndgks|z{vg n ksŹgvl | jmdmd rl tgr{gsdlfn mcfnj!KsŹgvl igkŹnvnm dmz iljmvsndlal | mjvns| Naplsndg) Ilrpmdnvmr{ ksŹgvimh pmsl{jg n idlhmvnepsmblk|sg %pmfnbndl n dgvimr{n. mān{|dl rl | gj{|gfina igr{mdgidnag kgrl sgtcndl KsŹgvg cfghmr{gidg) [gjmėls& il pmr{mdn vnzl ks|z{vm | ranrf|knolslibnsgil bdlfnil& pmr{mdn rgam psljfgpgidl imsan n knrpmtn{nvg jmdnag




7>3

Rl ksŹl tgdlkim sgtcgbgil jspnbl hfmcgfimh cnmpmfn{nājmh {jnvg& jmdnagRl rpslāgvg idlhmvg igrnfig kltni{lhsgbndg) Naplsnd dl |psgvn{lfd mvmhp|r{mzlidg& vnrmjn aligkŹls mvmh psmblrg a|jfl n afgjl napfmtndl)

Hfmrg4 Pmr{mdn rf|Źclig pmvndlr{ KsŹgvl hkdl rl mvg dgvfdg jgm dlkgi n dlkninpsm{ghminr{& hkdl dl igpslkgj ksŹgvimh amimpmfg igk pmfn{nājna psnjgtgi jgmint cn{gjg kmcnvline igk ilpsndg{lfdla& ilpsndg{lfdla ilvnkfdnvna n naghnigsina&ilpsndg{lfdla clt enr{msndl) G mikg& pmr{mdn n psm{|!pmvndlr{& pnrgig rg r{gimvnz{ghsgėgirjmh sg{g& | jmdmd |fmtn rvne {ne ‖igpslkgjg‑ nkniganjg amklsil KsŹgvl amh|cn{n rghflkgin) Mvg psm{|!pmvndlr{ pmjgt|dl kg amimpmf| igk pmfn{nājna r{gfim psndl{npmimvim |rpmr{gvfdgidl g|{mimaine rvdl{mvg& ilksŹgvine jmflj{nvn{l{g) Rvl z{m dlKsŹgvg mr{gvnfg | ‖psnvg{imd‑ rolsn& rvl z{m dl mr{gvnfg ‖bnvnfima ks|z{v|‑& rvl z{mdl psmhfgrnfg cltigāgdina n ilpmfn{nājna& |vndlj kgdl psmr{msg rfmcmkimd nhsn mcfnjg!Źnvm{g& {gjvmd kg rl amimpmf igk pmfn{nājna r vslalig ig vsndlal ānin mrpmsgvgina)[gjm dl KsŹgvg pmi|jgig kg& cnfm pmfgjm cnfm igrnfima hlr{ma& mc|evg{n {m{gfn{l{ks|z{vlimh kdlfmvgidg& kg psl|tal ig rlcl bdlfmj|pi| fd|krj| lhtnr{libnd|)Kgjfl& ‖jmiblp{ tksgvl niknvnk|l | rf|Źcn KsŹgvl tgandlidli dl jmiblp{ma KsŹgvl| rf|Źcn tksgvl niknvnk|l‑ %Om|bg|f{.) \ Osgib|rjmd dl mvgd pslmjsl{ |rpmr{gvfdlivlĈ jgk dl >) {sgvidg 75>5) nthfgrgi tgjmi jmdn rl {nāl ‖mkhmvmsimr{n tg ilrslĈlāndl r| Źs{vl sgkinbn ig sgkima adlr{|‑& g igsmān{m tgjmi mk <) {sgvidg 7>70) jmdnrl {nāl ansmvnirjmh psmhsgag tg sgkinjl n rlfdgjl jmdn pm{vsė|dl psgvm ig `nvm{ )Tg|tnagd|Ĉn& vlĈ r{mfdlĈnag& adlr{m rvne el{lsmhline pmrslkmvgidg {sgknbnmigfimhks|z{vg& KsŹgvg dl ig jsgd| kmcnfg r|psm{im mk mimh z{m dl {sgŹnfg n jmigāim dlrvfgkgig vfgr{n{ma ilamh|ĈimzĈ|) E{nd|Ĉn jmibli{snsg{n amimpmf igk pmfn{nājna rvldl pmfn{ntnsgfg& rvn r| grplj{n Źnvm{g pmr{gfn pmfn{nājn& il rgan pm rlcn& jgm dlknir{vlinrgksŹgdn& ilhm {māim mimfnjm jmfnjm rl KsŹgvg& tg|tnagd|Ĉn pmtnbnd|& {gjmėls omsansgfgjgm pgs{ndg) Nfn jgjm dl KsŹgvg& knŹ|Ĉn pmrv|kg sg{ psm{nv hsgėgirjmh sg{g& pmigdvnzlznsnfg emr{nfimr{ rpsga rlcl rgal)

Hfmrg4 KsŹgvg cfghmr{gidg& jmdg dl tg|tlfg adlr{m fnclsgfil KsŹgvl |i|{gsNaplsndg& psmntvmk dl hmflal kno|tndl knrbnpfnig n slŹnag r|cdlj{nvgbndl rvmdr{vlinefnclsgfimd KsŹgvn) Mig nrjsrgvg | {sli|{j| | jmdla jmibli{sgbndg {ne knrbnpfnig nslŹnag ‒ ig psnadls& |mpĈgvgidla mrnh|sgvg{lfdrjne psgjrn ‒ kmrlŹl {gjgv r{|pgid| ‖ks|z{v|‑ kg rl ks|z{vm vnzl il sgtfnj|dl mk KsŹgvl) Ymvdlj dl pmr{gm rmbndgfntnsgikm {l adlsl kg dl pmr{mdgidl mkvmdlil n mrmcil amĈn KsŹgvl pmr{gfm pslpsljgpgbnonjgbndn) Cfmmamvn vnzl inr| r|cdlj{n ‒ in{n ljmimarjn& g āgj dmz agidl psgvin



Tlinājl rvlrjl

7>2

r|cdlj{n4 min r| jslg{|sl naplsndgfimh ks|z{vg) R{mhg min amsgd| igdpsndl cn{n |tl{njgm `nvg cnqg& kg cn amhfn igr{gvn{n onjbnmigfim pmr{mdg{n jgm psgvin r|cdlj{n )

Naplsnd& hsgėgini

Rvl{gb dl radlz{li ntigk igsmkg& n igsmk |mpql il mrdlqg idlhmv|{l`ni|: mi |psgvfdg igsmkma& n igsmk |mpql il mrdlqg idlhmv| s|j|)R{mhg hg bndlfn naplsnd sgkmrim rf|`n n injgk rl il |agsg rf|`lqn hg)

C|k|qn kg mi injmhg il mrpmsgvg& | naplsnd| ilag injmhg {jm cn idlhgmrpmsgvgm)

Fgm [rl & [gm [l Benih

;5) Pmvndlr{ amklsil KsŹgvl pmvndlr{ dl idltnil cmscl psm{nv vfgr{n{lilamh|Ĉimr{n& kgjfl pmvndlr{ idlimh pslmp{lslĈlidg alegintanagjmdl |pmzfdgvg kg m{jfmin {| ilamh|Ĉimr{) Naplsnd dl& igr|psm{ {ma|& psnevgqgidl {l ilamh|qimr{n& jgm n {ne alegintgag) Kg c|klam pslbntindn&Naplsnd dl ntvs{gidl fnclsgfil KsŹgvl)

Hfmrg4 Pmr{mdn& kgjfl& rf|Źclig pmvndlr{ amklsil KsŹgvl& {gd vlfnjn psgvim!omsagfin igsg{nv r|vlslimr{n4 bli{sgfntgbndg& |inonjgbndg& sgbnmigfntgbndg) N pmr{mdn

{gjmėls psm{|!pmvndlr{ jmdg dl pmvndlr{ idlil ilamh|Ĉimr{n) Hlilgfmhnd| Naplsndg{slcg {sgŹn{n | mvmd ks|hmd& | sgr{|Ĉmd agrn psgjrn jmdl {slcg |rvmdn{n& | nir{s|ali{nagjmdn rl |pmzfdgvgd| kg {g onjbndg mpr{gil) Ks|hna sndlānag& Naplsnd enr{msndrjnil pmānidl {gam hkdl amklsig KsŹgvg tgvszgvg) Naplsnd dl mim z{m mk mkslėlilvslalirjl {mājl %slbnam kg dl {m 7>7;). mamh|Ĉ|dl kg amklsig KsŹgvg pmr{mdnjgm ānr{n psnvnk & jgm clŹnvm{gi mcfnj) Knrjmi{ni|n{l{ mvkdl indl | pslfgrj| r dlkimhpmsl{jg ig ks|hn& ilhm igknfgtn vsndlal& pmr{mdn jgm kvg pgsgflfig& gfn el{lsmhligpfgig jmitnr{libndl& jgm kvndl pmvndlr{n KsŹgvl n rgal pgsgflfil n el{lsmhlil)

Hfmrg4 Jgk hmvmsnam m ntvs{gid|& anrfnam ig pmrfdlkid| amh|Ĉimr{ dlkimhnrbspfdlimh rnr{lag jmdn rl pslrgvni|m kg cn rl pm{ma& aleginājn& |s|znm | rgagrlcl) Ntvgidrjm pmr{gdl \i|{gsidl& g \i|{gsidl vnzl ilag hsginbg) Z{m dl sgindl cnfm psnr|{im ig mkslėlima kloninsgima adlr{|& rgkg pmr{gdl amh|ql rv|hkdl) Mim z{mdl ntvsi|{m vnzl il pmr{mdn ig pmtn{nvgi igāni& | jmibli{snsgima mcfnj|& ilhm pmr{gdlmc|r{gvfdlim |ilkmhflk) [m dl jmigāim f|jgvr{vm rnr{lag& hkdl dl mi nr{mkmcimigdsgidnvndn n igdm{pmsindn) Psmblr jmdna rl fnclsgfig KsŹgvg naplsndgfim ntvsi|fg




7>;

amŹl cn{n mpnrgi mvgjm4 fnclsgfig KsŹgvg sgtvnfg dl kvndl pmknir{n{|bnmigfil psgjrljmdnag jmi{smfnsg pmp|fgbnd| n ksŹn dl ig mkr{mdgid|) R dlkil r{sgil& {| dl pmfnbndg| ntvmsima tigālid| sndlān %‖Pmfnbndg ckndl igk kmcsmcn{n fd|kn %))). pmfnbndg ckndl igkŹnvnag‑ ‒ I) Kl Fg Agsl& [sgn{î kl fg pmfnbl& 780<).& g r ks|hl r{sgil& {| dl dgvimr{&

rolsg pmkdlkigjm kmr{|pig rvnag& n pslag {mal ilmvnrig mk rvgjmh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g)Rvgjg mk mvne nir{gibn tgpsgvm dl rj|p psgjrn n nir{s|alig{g āndn dl dlknin r{vgsinjmi{|i|n{l{ | idnemvma jmivlshli{ima |ānij| ig pmp|fgbnd|& r {na kg rl psvgmkimrn ig ‖{ndlfm‑& g ks|hg ig ‖k|z|‑ pmp|fgbndl) Kg cn rl mrnh|sgfg mvg pm{p|ig amĈ&cnfm dl kmvmfdim jmi{smfnsg{n ks|z{vli| kloninbnd| rslĈl n mksŹgvg{n slk | dgvimd rolsn) \{ma| rn dl fnclsgfig KsŹgvg amhfg psn|z{n{n kg c|kl rjsmaig) [ndljma mrgaiglr{mhn klvl{iglr{mh r{mfdlĈg& pmfnbndg n dgvimr{ sgtvnfl r| rl {gjm kg nr{mkmcim rf|Źl nigknfgtl nir{n{|bndl igbndl!ksŹgvl) Gfn {lj Psvna rvdl{rjna sg{ma mil pmr{gd| hfgvinpmjsl{gā ntvs{gidg fnclsgfil KsŹgvl | Naplsnd) [gkg rvdlkmānam ilāla| ilmcnāima4vlt|d|Ĉn rl alė|rmcim | jmsnr{ sg{g | {ndlj|& n igznsmjm ilmvnril m igbnmigfinaKsŹgvgag& mvl pmknir{n{|bnmigfil psgjrl sgėgd| kvg igknir{n{|bnmigfig pmfgNaplsndg4 pmfnbndg pmr{gdl CnmamĈ& g dgvimr{ dl {sgiromsansgig | Rplj{gjf) Mkmvl {mājl igkgfdl KsŹgvg il ilr{gdl& mig dl dlkimr{gvim klhsgknsgig mk r{sgil{sgir{lsn{msndgfimh rj|pg g|{mimaine psgjrn4 Rplj{gjfg& CnmamĈn)

Hfmrg4 Fnclsgfig enpm{ltg rl |s|zgvg 7>7;)& tgdlkim r jsgdla ‖r{mhmknzidlhansg‑ jmdn dl psmntgzgm nt Clājmh jmihslrg) Jgk rl cmfdzlvnājna ksŹgvina |kgsman hfmcgfima jfgrima cmscma rvgjg igbndg igzfg sgrbndlpfdlima ig kvmdl&mjmiāgil r| n rvl nf|tndl m ni{ls!igbnmigfima slk|) \ hfmcgfima hsgėgirjma sg{|&KsŹgvl |i|{gs rvmdne hsginbg il amh| mr{g{n il|{sgfil) \jmfnjm rl iljn pmslkgjdmz amhgm tganrfn{n& mi dl amsgm cn{n igkigbnmigfgi)

Hfmrg4 \jmfnjm dl Naplsnd psnevgĈgidl ilamh|Ĉimr{n amklsil KsŹgvl&mi dl {gjmėls n psnevgĈgidl ilamh|Ĉimr{n naplsndgfntag) Kljmfmintgbndg dlvgŹgi {sli|{gj | |rpmr{gvfdgid| Naplsndg& fmhnājn mtigāli psmfnolsgbndmaKsŹgvg agsnmil{g) Kljmfmintgbndg tigān4 sgtsgkg imvne mcfnjg emsntmi{gfil&pmknir{n{|bnmigfil amĈn jmdn o|ijbnminsgd| cmfdl mk mine r{gsne)

;>) R|vlslimr{ amklsil KsŹgvl cnfg dl onjbnmigfig n plsrmigfig) Naplsndgfigr|vlslimr{ dl psghag{nāig n naplsrmigfig) Tg sgtfnj| mk amklsil KsŹgvl&Naplsnd amŹl flhn{naim {vskn{n kg dl klamjsg{nāgi kmj hmk g psnmsn iltgcsgid|dl in{n psnvnflhnsg indlkgi mcfnj!Źnvm{g)



Tlinājl rvlrjl

7><

Tg {m nag kmcsl sgtfmhl4 {gjm mrnh|sgvg rna|f{gim rfgcfdlidl rvne mcfnjg!Źnvm{g&jgm n idnemvl rfmcmkil nhsl | {ma rfgcfdlid|)

Hfmrg4 Ig s|zlvnigag rslkidmvdljmvimh ks|z{vg& amklsig KsŹgvg pmj|zgfg dl

pmimvim |rpmr{gvn{n dlknir{vm ig psnibnp| slpsltli{gbndl& {m dlr{ ig psl{pmr{gvbnkg cn dlkgi knm ks|z{vg amhgm |{dlfmvn{n {m{gfimr{ ks|z{vg) [lsani ‖|{dlfmvn{n‑ mvkdlindl |pm{slcfdli | ilkmr{g{j| iljmh cmfdlh) Ljrpfnbn{ig kmj{snig amklsil KsŹgvl dlrlj|fgsntgbndg dlkil mk igdvnzl tgr{sgz|d|Ĉne mplsgbndg jszĈgirjl {lmfmhndl4 mil āndldl kmhag pm{vsėlig Inbldrjna vdlsmvgidla) Emcclr dmd pmrvlĈ|dl dlkim pmhfgvfdl| kmkg{j| Flvndg{gig) Idlhmvg {lmsndg plsrmigfil r|vlslimr{n tgrimvgig dl igkmj{snin jmdg mk Mbg& Rnig n K|eg Rvl{mhg ānin {sn mrmcl Cmhg& ‖z{m tigān kg rvg{jmamŹl nhsg{n vfgr{n{| nfn |fmh| ks|hmh‑) [m mamh|Ĉ|dl r|vlsli| kg c|kl kloninsgi jgmgj{ls n ntvszn{lfd | nal mine jmdn r| mkf|ānfn ‖kg ntgcls| dlkimh āmvdljg nfn rj|p fd|kn kgc|kl imrn{lfd idnemvl mrmcl‑ n pslag {mal ‖kg rvgjn mk idne |tnag n psntigdl rgamhgrlcl tg {vmsbg rvlhg mimhg z{m Ĉl migd {jm c|kl imrn{lfd idnemvl mrmcl sgkn{n nfn|vdl{mvg{n kg rl sgkn | mimal z{m rl {nāl tgdlkinājmh ansg n rnh|simr{n: n kg psn {malrvg{jm rvmd| vmfd| pmkslkn idlhmvmd vmfdn‑ % Flvndg{gi.) \jmfnjm | njmimonfrjmd {lmfmhndnInbldl Jsnr{ nfn njmig aginolr{nsg& il psnr|r{vm Cmhg& ilhm idlhmvm lrlibndgfimmkr|r{vm& idlhmvm mrdl{nfim pmvfgālidl n idlhmv| ilpsnjgtnvmr{& {gkg dl tg amklsi|KsŹgv| mrmcg r|vlslig {| dls rl ‖hsgėgirjm ks|z{vm‑ onj{nvim pmv|jfm) AmklsigKsŹgvg pmnag rl& kgjfl& jgm migd knm ks|z{vg jmdn indl knm ks|z{vg& n |psgvm hg r{mhgamŹl pslkr{gvfdg{n jgm bdlfni|)

Hfmrg4 Sgtil c|sŹmgrjl slvmf|bndl injgk inr| pm{jmpgvgfl psnibnp mrmclr|vlslig& kmj hmk vndlĈl nfn vmėg& ntgcsgin ntsgvim nfn ilntsgvim& inr| mkr{|pgfn mknkldl amh|Ĉl slpsltli{gbndl ks|z{vlimh {m{gfn{l{g& {d) ks|z{vg jgm {m{gfn{l{g) [gjmdl psndlfgt r gprmf|{nr{nājl KsŹgvl ig fnclsgfi| KsŹgv| rgam |rpnm fnjvnknsg{n dlki|mrmc| ‒ Jsgfdg ‒ jmdn dl fnjvnknsgm pmslkgj nt jmdlh dl psmntgzgm& n āndn dl pmrfdlkidnŹnvn pslmr{g{gj cnm) Jsgfd dl r|ėli jgm pslpsljg enr{msndrjma psmblr| jmdn dl rganinbnsgm4 idlhmvg dl ras{ cnfg {mājg ig jsgd| mp{|Źinbl jmd| dl rga igpnrgm) Rgamdl klamjsg{rjn psmblr jmdn dl psmamvnsgfg rgag amklsig KsŹgvg cnm | r{gid|mjmiāg{n sgrpgk amklsil KsŹgvl) Klamjsg{rjg nkldg gprmf|{il dlkigjmvsndlkimr{nrvne mcfnjg!Źnvm{g {gjmėls dl naplsndgfig nkldg) Klamjsgbndg dl naplsndgfig | adlsn| jmdmd dlkigjmvsndlkimr{ alė| mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g amŹl cn{n psnandlidlig ilhg{nvim&rpslāgvgd|Ĉn& rvna rslkr{vnag jmdg r| dmd ig sgrpmfghgid|& l{nājl sgtfnjl kg |rvmdmd nhsn kmrlhi| ni{litn{l{ jmdn ne ānin pmfn{nāinag) Dls {nal cn rl | hfg{jn psmr{ms




7>?

klamjsg{rjmh ks|z{vg |vlfl fnindl sgrjnkg& rgvltg n knrjmi{ni|n{l{g jmdl cn |inz{nfldlkigjmvsndlkimr{ mcfnjg!Źnvm{g) \psgvm r{mhg Naplsnd n klamjsgbndg pmtn{nviminr| inz{g ks|hm ilhm rfmcmkig nhsg mrfgcfdline mcfnjg!Źnvm{g& mrfgcfdline ig igānivns|rg jmdn rl |csnthgvgd| jgm bdlpnvm) \ dlkima mk idlhmvne sndl{jne {ljr{mvg m

KsŹgvn& Jsn{nbn Elhlfmvl Onfmtmondl psgvg& Agsu dl csginm naplsndgfi| plsrplj{nv|‖ag{lsndgfil KsŹgvl‑ r|psm{r{gvfdlil ‖pmfn{nājmd KsŹgvn‑ rfndlklĈna {lsaninag4

‖Pmfn{nājg slp|cfnjg dl klamjsgbndg |i|{gs gpr{sgj{imh mcfnjg ksŹgvl) R{mhg&gpr{sgj{in ksŹgvin!mcfnj klamjsgbndl dl slp|cfnjg)‑

‖Pmfn{nājn Źnvm{ | amklsima ranrf| dl rjmfgr{njg igsmkimh Źnvm{g) Amigsendgdl igdpm{p|indn ntsgt mvmh m{|ėlidg) Slp|cfnjg dl ilhgbndg mvmh m{|ėlidg |i|{gsidlhmvl vfgr{n{l rolsl)‑

‖Rvn mcfnbn ksŹgvl nagd| klamjsgbnd| tg nr{ni|& n nt {mh sgtfmhg r| ilnr{nin{n |adlsn | jmdmd inr| klamjsg{rjn)‑

‖\ nr{nirjmd klamjsgbndn pmfn{nājg ksŹgvg ilr{gdl)‑

Hfmrg4 Naplsnd il amŹl cn{n revgĈli ntvgi cnmpmfn{nājmh pslmjsl{g amĈn)Pmp|{ CnmamĈn& Naplsnd rl il pmk|kgsg in{n r dlkina psgvina mjvnsma& n {m indlimvn nir{n{|bnmigfin pmslkgj) Naplsnd tigān slrmspbnd|& nfn sl{sgjbnd|& pmvfgālidlr{gsmh r|pr{gibndgfimh r|vlslin{l{g) AmĈ dl |vndlj bnsj|fnsgfg | ag{lsndgfinan fnihvnr{nājna& rvgjmkilvina& ni{naina n anjsmontnājna knrpmtn{nvnag: |vndljdl psmŹnagfg Źnvm{ n {ndlfm pmkginjg) Nr{nirjg imvmr{ CnmamĈn dl kg mig vnzl indl inz{g vnzl ilhm {m) CnmamĈ dl mcfnj amĈn jmdg rl vnzl il |tknŹl igrpsga‖bnvnfimh ks|z{vg‑ jgm enpmr{gtg r|vlslig& jgm _lfnjn ntvgidrjn r|cdlj{) Mig vnzlil amŹl cn{n ntmfnsgig nt ks|z{vg) CnmamĈ tigān rgam {m4 amĈ psngidg |t Źnvm{ nŹnvm{ psngidg |t amĈ) [gjm nt plsrplj{nvl idlimh jfgrnāimh mcfnjg rvdlkmānamsgknjgfima andlidgid| amĈn& nt āvsr{mh | pfnimvn{m& amflj|fgsim r{gidl) Kgrj|dlam omsa|f|4 CnmamĈ dl R\CFNAGBNDG amĈn) Naplsnd rl il amŹl pmdan{nntvgi mvmh sgt|andlvgidg igzlh kmcg) Naplsnd indl n il amŹl cn{n amĈ mkvmdligmk ks|z{vg) Ks|z{vm {m il cn pmkindlfm) Ks|z{vm ksmcn tgkidl mr{g{jl jfgrnāilpmfn{njl rvmdma sgvimk|zimzĈ|) Naplsnd dl nagili{gi ‖ks|z{v|‑& mi dl ‖ks|z{vm‑mimfnjm jmfnjm dl ks|z{vm amĈ)



Tlinājl rvlrjl

7>8

<0) Naplsnd pmr{mdn ‖pmtn{nvim‑ dlknim | jsntn& dlknim jgm ilhgbndg n slgjbndg) Gjm nan psnpgkgam Naplsnd|& {m dl rgam dls dl ilamh|Ĉl nrjfd|ān{n rl nt idlhg)

Hfmrg4 Naplsndgfin slŹna rvl!|jfd|ānvmr{n ilpsmadlidnvm rfndlkn nr{| ksgag{|shnd|4

ilz{m rl& nt iljmh sgtfmhg& aginolr{nsg jgm r{sgim Naplsnd|& nfn jgm kg a| pmj|zgvgpmcdlĈn& sgrjni|{n r idna) Mvgjvm r{gidl r{vgsn psmntvmkn rn{|gbnd| jsntl& ig z{mNaplsnd mkhmvgsg ntvgislkina r{gidla) Dlknim {gkg& | {ma jsg{jm{sgdima {sli|{j|&tg vsndlal dlkil mk slgj{nvine mplsgbndg& amŹl Rl slĈn4 ‖Naplsnd pmr{mdn‑)

Hfmrg4 Naplsndgfim ks|z{vm il pslkr{gvfdg kmvszlimr{& pm{p|imr{ clt mr{g{gjg4adlr{m jmdl dl mr{gfm psgtim pgkma r|vlslimr{n mr{gdl |psgvm {m& psgtim vnr à vnr ks|z{vg) [m adlr{m& adlr{m Psnibg& {sli|{im tg|tnag Inz{g naplsndgfimh Psnibnpg& jmdnrl ag{lsndgfntnsg n jmibli{snsg dlknim jgk rndlvil jgm a|idg ig cnfm z{m z{m pmj|zgmr{g{n ntvgi idlhg) Tg{m Naplsnd indl rgam clt vfgr{n& ilhm n clt naplsg{msg4 pmr{mdlrgam ānimvn vfgr{n& rvn pmkdlkigjm ilhg{nvin) \ igzla rl enr{msndrjma nrj|r{v|mvgjvma r{gid| r{vgsn dmz |vndlj igdvnzl psncfnŹ|dl [lsms) [gam hkdl ‖|invlstgfigrfmcmkg il amŹl psmntvlr{n in pmtn{nvim kdlfm in pmtn{nvim kdlfmvgidl& mr{gdl dmd rgamilhg{nvim kdlfmvgidl: mig dl rgam o|sndg klr{s|jbndl‑ %Elhlf& Olimalimfmhndg k|eg.)

Hfmrg4 Naplsnd igdcmfdl o|ijbnminsg jgk dl jsntg pmrvlagzidg) Jsntg dlslh|fgsin igāni pmr{mdgidg Naplsndg& dlkigjm jgm z{m mrnh|sgvg{lfdrjl {vs{jlpmr{mdl rgam jgk rl kmhmkn ilrslĈg) [lapmsgfimr{ Naplsndg dl {lapmsgfimr{ntvgislkimh r{gidg n jg{gr{smol)

<7) Naplsnd indl vse|igb nrp|idlidg bnvnfntgbndl& ilz{m jgm idlig js|inkcg&ilhm psndl jsgd idlhmvg ntvsĈ|Ĉlh psmblrg |s|zgvgidg& jgm mimh z{m cnhg {slcgfm mc|tkg{n n gjm dl amh|Ĉl tgasti|{n) Naplsnd dl tg{m jg{!lbemi)‖„Naplsnd„ dl | {ma ranrf| tigānm enr{msndrj| amĈ kg rpsndlān pmdgv|Gi{njsnr{g n jsgd gj{|gfimh lmig‑ %Bgsf Rbean{{& Imamr tlafdl.) NaplsndrevgĈg rlcl pmrfdlkidna cgr{nmima psm{nv ls|pbndl jgmrg& n kdlf|dl rmvma aninagfima plsrplj{nvma ig |a|)

<3) Ig psvn pmhflk& Naplsnd nthflkg jgm pgsmknāig jmfljbndg bdlfmj|pil& rasti|{lpmvndlr{n ‖bnvnfntgbndl‑) Mvma kmda| il agidjg mkslėlil ni{|n{nvilnrpsgvimr{n4 Naplsnd dl kmnr{g tgkidg pmr{gdg bnvnfntgbndl psndl ilhm kmrpndl kmjsgdg rvmh p|{g& tgkidg ghmindg | jmdmd Ĉl dmd bndlfn Źnvm{ psmfl{dl{n pslk mānag)




7>5

<2) R fnclsgfima KsŹgvma ntvsi|{ma | Naplsnd& pslzfm Rl dl nt rvndl{gpmkndlfdlimh Tgjmima | psmr{ms pmfgsntnsgi imsagag) Naghnigsig pgs{ndgdl ks|hm fnbl mvmh ntvs{gidg)

Hfmrg4 Z{m tigān Naghnigsig pgs{ndg= Kg rl Ntvgidrjm pmadlsnfm |i|{sg) Mvm rlntvs{gidl kmhmknfm {nem& clz|aim& iligrnfim& jgm psljm imĈn) Ig psvn pmhflk āninrl kg rl inz{g indl psmandlinfm& gfn mkdlkima dl tgā|kim {gjm p|im cfnrjne r{vgsnpmr{gfm clrjmsnrim& r{gsl pmkdlfl jmdl vnzl il amh| psm{|agān{n z{m rl kmhgėgpmr{gfl r| {gjm {lhmcil)

Nt |r{sgdil agfl il|smtl dmz |vndlj Rl Źlfn sgtfnjmvg{n psgvlkim n ilpsgvlkim&tksgvm n cmflrim& sgk n kmjmfnbg& tfmānigb n ilvnin& |mcnāgdlim n amir{s|mtim) Gfnpsntigdam mim mānhflkim4 mvl r{gsl mpmtnbndl nth|cnfl r| rvgjm tigālidl)

Mil inr| ntcsnrgil& alė|{na: mil mpr{gd|& gfn clt pmrfdlknbg) Imsag indl|jni|fg Tgjmi& {lj hg dl nrpsgtinfg n |radlsnfg vfgr{n{na bnfdlvnag& r{gvfdgd|Ĉn hg| rf|Źc| vfgr{n{ne nagili{ine psgjrn jgfj|fgbndl n gkaninr{sgbndl) _sgĈli | pmfdlimsal ig rigtn& Tgjmi dl nth|cnm tgkidl pslmr{g{jl {sgirbliklibndl& n rgkg kdlf|dl| pmfd| ntvgislkimh r{gidg clrjmigāim psmk|Źlimh km kgfdidlh)

Ntvgislkim r{gidl dl imsagfin slŹna Tgjmig)

Ilag vnkfdnvmh Ntvgidrjmh vnzl ‒ il pmr{mdn ilz{m jgm ānr{g Psnsmkg& F|knfmjfgrnāimh kmcg& _lfnjn Tfmāni jfgrnāimh kmcg& nfn _lfnjn jfgrnāin Psmfl{gsndg{ r slgfimpmr{mdlĈma Kmamvnima Psgvkl n Rfmcmkl: rvl dl {m ilr{gfm& il nr{nirjn& ilhmpmigdvnzl tg{m dls dl nth|cnfm rvmd| naghnigsi| righ| psnvfgāimr{n) Ntvgidrjm dl ilr{gfm|psgvm dls dl ntvgidrjm kgigr pmrv|kg& | rvgjmd {mājn cnmpmfn{nājmh {jnvg) F|knfm& tfmāninfn hfgkin psmfl{lsndg{ il igr{gid|d| vnzl kloninsgi nfn pslpmtig{fdnv psmr{ms& ilagd| vnzlrvmd rvndl{ | rvndl{|& vfgr{n{n hl{m rg tnkmvnag nfn clt idne) Nrpgsgvgidla ks|z{vlimh& mvn{lsanin pmr{gd| slvlstncnfin amkgfn{l{n& igrnfil fg{libndl& amh|Ĉimr{n tg jmdl dl rvgjm{ndlfm mr|aidnālim) Mvg r|aidg mpsgvkgvg igr{gvgj {sgdil rmbndgfntgbndl ks|z{vg&|rgvszgvgidl anjsm!gpgsg{g jmi{smfl) CnmamĈ il |psgvfdg ntsgvim fd|knag nfn r{vgsnag&|adlr{m {mhg& |psgvfdg amh|Ĉimr{nag n |vdl{nag amh|Ĉimr{n)

Rvl z{m psmntfgtn nt Ntvgidrjmh& pmigdpsndl nflhgfimr{& gfn {gjmėls n cndlk| n ras{&|psgvfdg Rl {gjm kg cnvgd| ni{lhsnsgin& kgjfl pmtn{nvim lfnaninsgin n {gjm vsgĈlin



Tlinājl rvlrjl

7>>

| bnsj|fgbnd|) Tg{m |i|{gs CnmamĈn il pmr{mdn ras{& pmr{mdn rgam |cmdr{vm nbnsj|fgbndg |cmdr{vg) Psljm r{g{nr{njl& bndlfg aslŹg jg|tgfn{l{g |alĈl rvgjm ŹnvmcnĈl | rj|p%ni|. ras{n jmd| tge{ndlvg idlhmvm vfgr{n{m pslŹnvfdgvgidl %nrjfd|ālin&ilrsl{in NikmilŹgin& ilrslĈl ig pmrf|& L{nmpfdgin rvne hmknig& tvndltkl pmhni|fl

| psmal{ina ilrslĈgag n{k).) \ alknbnirjma dl ranrf| {gjmėls ras{ pmr{gfg|cmdr{vm4 r psmfnolsgbndma ‖jfninājn as{vne‑& mvne ‖Źnvne as{vgbg‑ jmdn cn mkgvim|asfn kg ne rl il ksŹn vdlz{gājn Źnvnag jgm cgij| mshgig tg ilj| gpr|ski|{sgirpfgi{gbnd|& kg ne rl il ksŹn Źnvnag kg cn ne rl |amsnfm) Nr{nig dl kg il pmr{mdnsgtgtig{fdnvm ntvgidrjm dls dl hsginbg pmr{gfg ni{naim r{gidl rvlhg z{m pmr{mdn)

Tgjmi pmr{gvfdg pmkdlfl n |rpmr{gvfdg knr{nijbndl& mhsginā|dl mim z{m hgmrpmsgvg& g pslpmtigdl |slėli rvndl{ jmdla kgdl mcfnj n {sgdgidl: Tgjmi nali|dln il pslr{gdl nalimvg{n& pmcsmdgvg{n mim z{m dl ntvgi tgjmig& kgjfl vfgr{n{mntvgidrjm) Tgjmi nthmvgsg rvmdl ntvgidrjm)

Nrjfd|ānvgidl& igsmān{m nrjfd|ānvgidl mimh z{m hg |{lalfd|dl ‒ r|vlslin{l{&igrnfdl ‒ idlhmv dl |{lalfdn{lfdrjn āni) Igr|psm{ idla|& imsag il tig āgjin tg nkld| |{lalfdlidg) Imsag ilag rdlĈgidg& mig dl | |rjma mkimr| rgrgkgzidmzĈ|& igr{mdn rl |rjm vltg{n |t nagilibnd|) Kmj Tgjmi nag fnbl npmz{|dl r|vlslimr{ mimh z{m dl ntvgi idlhg& imsag dl gblogfig %clt hfgvl. nrfgvn |vndlj jgk Rl jsgfd| mks|cfd|dl hfgvg) Imsag ilag enlsmr& ilag vfgr{n{mhadlr{g& ilvnkfdnvm kdlf|dl pm nrbs{gima psmr{ms| clt s|cmvg jmdn kndlfn) In{jmindl nrjfd|āli in{n mkcgāli | ilj| |{vsknv| ntvgidrjmr{) Mim z{m rl igtnvg‖nrjfd|ālina‑& tg imsa| dl rgam amkgfn{l{ mpĈl |jfd|ālimr{n) [| pmr{mdn rgamdlkim n dlknir{vlim pmfdl& emamhlim& gfn ntfmafdlim | cltcsmd indgirn& slŹnaclthsgināil ni{lhsgbndl pmr{gvfdlil kg mksŹgvg nhs| alė| mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g igigdinŹla amh|Ĉla r{|pid| ni{litn{l{g) \ mvma psmr{ms| vfgkg il|evg{fdnvalegintga {m{gfntgbndl& sgr{gpgd|Ĉn& psmcgvfdgd|Ĉn& gprmscnsgd|Ĉn n klgj{nvnsgd|Ĉnrvgj| ks|hmr{ g psnmsn ) Psmblr rvlpsmŹkns|Ĉl nagili{ntgbndl ‒ rvmėlidg rvlhgig inz{g ‒ mkvndg rl ig pfgil{gsimd rjgfn) Bnfd dl |ānin{n rvndl{ ilpsljni|{nacnmpmfn{nājna {jgidla) Yljgd|Ĉn {m& imsag ckndl)

Pmk slŹnama imsal& inz{g indl imsagfim& rvl {slcg imsagfntnsg{n ) [| dl ig kdlf| pmtn{nvig pgsgknhag amĈn) Imsag psmntvmkn rvl z{m dlr{& |{mfnjm mig dlr{& jgjm RljgŹl& lir slgfnrrna|a) Rvl z{m il psnpgkg idlima igāni| m{jsnvgidg indl& g rvl z{mindl il amŹl psnpgkg{n idlima igāni| m{jsnvgidg) Pmk slŹnama imsal& ilhg{nvimr{




300

injgk indl pslpmtig{g jgm {gjvg& ilhm dl rvlklig ig ilnrpsgvimr{ | mkimr| igimsa|& s|p| jmd| {slcg tgjspg{n | hfmcgfima cnmpmfn{nājma {jgid|) Ilhg{nvimr{&{g amĈ jmdmd indl kmp|z{lim pmr{mdg{n& fmhnājn dl pslp|z{lig ilr{gdgid| clt {sghg)Il clt sgtfmhg& c|k|Ĉn kg dl Naghnigsig pgs{ndg Ntvgidrjm rvndl{g clt Ntvgidrjmh&

lrlibndgfin knrjmi{ni|n{l{ radlz{li | rsbl rvndl{g |ānidlimh jmi{ni|nsgina)

Naghnigsig pgs{ndg dl rdlknz{l n mprgkg amĈn& pm{libndl)

Hfmrg4 Jgjm {m imsag r|pr|ansg Tgjmi pmigdcmfdl nf|r{snsg igāni ig jmdnr| r{gsl {lsn{msndgfil KsŹgvl L|smpl ‖|jni|fl‑ rvmdl hsginbl pm Rbelihlirjmarpmsgt|a|) \jnkgidl hsginbg& kgjfl igp|z{gidl igdrvl{ndlh g{snc|{g amklsilKsŹgvl& igsgvim& il tigān kg Ĉl rgal KsŹgvl ilr{g{n& ilhm psndl |jgt|dl ig {sgdi|amh|Ĉimr{ mcigvfdgidg {ne hsginbg& |jmfnjm {m mjmfimr{n c|k| tge{ndlvgfl) \ {maranrf|& jgk rl |jni| hsginbl& hsgināil n bgsnirjl psgjrl in | jmdla rf|āgd| ililr{gd|& ilhm |psgvm r|psm{im4 znsl rl pm{libndgfim ig rvg adlr{g n rvl {sli|{jl)\ Naplsnd| hsginbl jgm n bgsnil pmr{gd| ‒ pmanāil)

<;) Naplsnd ilag n injgk indl nagm psgvim nfn nir{n{|bnmigfim pmr{mdgidl& dlsilag pm{slc| tg idna) Tg sgtfnj| mk amklsil KsŹgvl jmdg dl {lŹnfg cn{npmslkgj Tgjmig n Nir{n{|bndg& Naplsnd dl dgagb aslŹgr{l psmfnolsgbndl imsann knrpmtn{nvg) Pmk imsagfina mjmfimr{nag& mvn knrpmtn{nvn dlr| Naplsnd)

Hfmrg4 Rvgjn p|{ jgk Naplsnd ni{lsvlinsg& mi igp|z{g imsal n knrpmtn{nvl z{mmamh|Ĉ|dl kg adlr{ma jsntl c|kl |psgvfdgim jgm {sgirpgsli{ina psmr{msmabnsj|fgbndl) [gjm rl naplsndgfim ks|z{vm pmjgt|dl jgm ilpslhflkig gs{nj|fgbndgknrpmtn{nvg jmdg |p|apgvg lflj{snāgi Źnvm{ | o|ikgali{gfi| nilsbnd| cnmpmfn{nājmh{jnvg) C|k|Ĉn kg pslaslŹlim |slėlima naplsndgfima ks|z{v| |vndlj psndl{l rfmamvn&ilrslĈl& cfmjgkl& Naplsnd dl {| kg mrnh|sg lfnanigbnd| m{pmsg bnsj|fgbndn& lfnanigbnd|rvne pslpsljg psmknsgid|& ānilĈn rvl {sgirpgsli{ina ks|z{vlina {ndljmvnag) Naplsnd{gjmėls mrnh|sgvg {sgirgjbndl n jmdl dgaāl& sndlād|& ks|z{vli| r|plspsmvmkfdnvmr{ )Tg{m Naplsnd ilag rslknz{g4 dls {m mamh|Ĉ|dl kg rvgjn idlhmv āvms c|klpm{libndgfim rslknz{l) Rplj{gjf n CnmamĈ mrnh|sgvgd| il rgam ni{litnvgi jmi{ni|n{l{psm{mjg& ilhm n psndlfgti| imsagfntgbnd| rvne rn{|gbndg idnemvna ntdlkigāgvgidla)

Hfmrg4 Clt r|aidl& pmr{mdl ‖pslpfgvfdlil‑ tmil hkdl dl naplsndgfig jmi{smfgh|zĈg ilhm ks|hkdl& hkdl dl rvgjn n igdagidn rlhali{ pmr{mdlĈlh ntfmŹli



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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mpĈla pgimp{nta|& hkdl rl pmp|fgbndg | jsgdimd nir{gibn il sgtfnj|dl mkpmfnbndl) N mcsi|{m& pmr{mdl tmil hkdl rl Naplsnd ānin mkr|{ina n mctigid|dl kgrl il ‖|r|ė|dl in jsmān{n {gam‑) [m dl r{mhg dls Naplsnd jgfj|fnsg& Naplsnd vghg&psmr|ė|dl& g tg{na mkf|ā|dl kg c|kl mvkdl nfn {gam& kg rl mān{|dl nfn pmv|āl&

rvl nt {gj{nājne sgtfmhg) Naplsnd indl rv|hkdl& n inhkdl indl mkr|{gi) Tg sgtfnj|mk amklsil KsŹgvl& Naplsnd il r{slan cn{n igdvnzg {mājg& |vndlj vnkfdnv n rdgdgir|vlsli) Naplsnd {lŹn cn{n tgkidl |{mānz{l | rvgjmd rn{|gbndn) Cgz jgm z{m ‖pgsjpsnsmkl‑ ilag inz{g psnsmkim dls dl r{vmsli vdlz{gājn n mkf|jma kg dl cmfdlmr{gvn{n hg ‖il{gji|{na‑& {gjm dl n Naplsnd psnr|{gi rv|hkdl hkdl dl | r{vgsimr{nmkr|{gi& psnr|{gi jgm pmv|āli) Naplsnd dl {gjgv kg amŹl cn{n rv|hkdl& mi dl| rvgjmd {mājn {lsn{msndg& | psmbdlp| ntalė| imsagfil n ntvgislkil rn{|gbndl)Naplsnd amŹl vfgr{n{| ilamĈ) Naplsnd nag amq il amqn)

Hfmrg4 Fmhnjg amklsil KsŹgvl fmhnjg dl Tgjmig n Nir{n{|bndl) Nir{n{|bndl nTgjmin r| kl{lsn{msndgfntnsgin n psnibnpndlfim gpr{sgj{in) [gjm rl sgtfnj|d| mk mcnāgdgjmdl mkadlid|d|& mcnāgdg jmdn r| |vndlj fmjgfin& l{nājn psmŹl{n n |vndlj pmkfmŹinlhtnr{libndgfima mrpmsgvgid|) Nir{n{|bndl n Tgjmin |rpsgvfdgd| rl | mkimr|ig fd|kl& vls{njgfim& bsplĈn pmr{mdgimr{ nt vfgr{n{l {sgirbliklibndl& nt vfgr{n{gilfd|krjmh rgampsmhfgzgvgidg) Nir{n{|bndl& jgm n Tgjmin& |rpmr{gvfdgd| fnindlsgtknmcl n nali|d| kg cn mkvmdnfn n igpsgvnfn pmslkgj r{vgsn& kg cn mjmiāgfn jgmrnfn psndl kg cn pmv|jfn jgmr | mhsgināli psmr{ms Tfmānig& F|knfg& Pmc|il& psmr{msilmvfgz{limh) N tgjmi n Nir{n{|bndg |dlknidlin r| | {ma z{m rl injmal n in | jmdlarf|āgd| il amsgd| mpsgvkgvg{n) ‖Tgjmi dl Tgjmi‑& jgŹl āmvdlj)

Ngjm rl il |r{s|āgvg jmsnr{n{n ne %jgm n rvl ks|hm |mr{gfma. jgm ms|`dg& Naplsndrl il mcgtnsl ig gpr{sgj{i| fmhnj| Tgjmig n Nir{n{|bndg) Naplsnd pmtig rgam imsal n knrpmtn{nvl) Pmp|{ knrpmtn{nvg& imsal r| fmjgfil) Mil r| ig rigtn rgkg n mvkdl kmjhmk {m lapnsndrjn o|ijbnminsg) Idnemvm pmsndljfm n sgtfmh pmr{mdgidg& imsal {m ilrjsnvgd|& indl | idnag rganag& ilhm | r|jmc|& | jsntn jmdg na psl{emkn) Mim cn{imkgigr indl iljgjvg psl{emkig kljfgsgbndg |invlstgfimr{n jmdg cn rl pm{ma rv|hkdligal{i|fg: pmtmsimr{ psndl {slcg psnkg{n mplsgbndgag& psghag{nbn) Rvgjgjm n mvkdlpmr{mdn {m{gfntgbndg& gfn mig rl il sgėg nt Źlfdl tg |invlstgfntgbndma) Mig rl r{vgsgrgama gs{nj|fgbndma knrpmtn{nvg& jmi{ni|n{l{ma bnsj|fgbndl alė| idnag)

Hfmrg4 Pmk Naplsndla rvdlkmānam psmfnolsgbndn psgvg& jsmināima |tfl{| psgvilpsmntvmkidl) Mvg psmfnolsgbndg injgjm il pm{vsė|dl iljgjgv {snd|ao Tgjmig& igpsm{nv&




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mig |jgt|dl ig idlhmv| pm{p|i| klvgf|gbnd|& idlhmv| klonin{nvi| tgr{gsdlfmr{) PmkslŹnama imsal& Tgjmi pmr{gdl {lj dlkgi mi csmdine nir{s|alig{g sl{smgj{nvimhkdlfmvgidg ig ks|z{vm& nir{s|ali{g inz{g agidl psnfghmkfdnvmh nfn pmkfmŹimhntmjsl{gid| tigālidg mk ks|hne) Tgjmi dl {leinjg vfgkgidg& igāni kg rl mjmiāg

iljg jsntg& n inz{g vnzl) Tgjmi& jmdn dl amklsig KsŹgvg |tkntgfg jgm dlknin ntvmspsgvg& rgk dl rgam dlkgi mk ntsgtg ks|z{vlil imsal) Ygj in r|bn vnzl ilagd|pmkslėli| tgkgĈ| mkslėnvgidg ānidlinbg n psnadlidnvgidg Tgjmig& ilhm r|vlsli|o|ijbnd| lvgf|nsgidg mvgjvl nfn migjvl psmr|kcl) IldgrimĈg Tgjmig& jmdn rvl vnzln vnzl psncdlhgvg ilc|fmtima jsn{lsnd| imsagfimr{n& vnzl a| āgj in{n il mal{g|ānijmvn{mr{: igpsm{nv& mvg ildgrimĈg pmr{gdl |vdl{ pslŹnvfdgvgidg {ne tgjmig nidnemvl psnadlidnvmr{n ig rf|āgd cnfm jmdl vsr{l) D|snkntgbndg ks|z{vg jgm n ‖vfgkgvnigr|kgbg‑ il tigāl inz{g ks|hm ilhm kg r|kbn |psgvfdgd| ks|z{vma | nal imsal) PmkNaplsndla& ‖gi{nagondgzjn psmblrn‑ dlknim rfgvl {snd|ao dlkil agondl& agondl r|kgbg&igk ks|hma& mima jmdmd rl r|kn) [| dl psgvm pmr{gfm {lj dlkim mk aimhne ms|Źdg ||invlstgfima znslid| emr{nfimr{n) Gjm Cfmmamvn |rpndlvgd| |rpmr{gvn{n alė|rmcilmkimrl n a|ān{n dlkin ks|hl rgam | dltnj| Psgvg& Naplsnd& igr|psm{ idnag& indl a|psl{dlsgim igjfmidli& gfn npgj hg jmsnr{n r vslalig ig vsndlal& pslag psnhmkn) Gfn āgjn {gkg igr{gvfdg hmvmsn{n dlknina dltnjma jmdn tig4 dltnjma |ānijmvn{mr{n& |ānijmvn{mr{nkg rl pmimvim |rpmr{gvn imsagfig rn{|gbndg& kg rl psmntvlkl dgvin slk& n mpĈlin{mhfg{jm o|ijbnminsgidl R{smdg) Kvndl rvl rfnāindl onh|sl mvl r|vlslimr{n |ānijmvn{mr{nigalĈ| rl mvkdl rgama jmivlshlibndma idnemvne o|ijbndg4 ksm{ n kmj{ms)

Hfmrg4 ‖Tgjmi cn {slcgm cn{n jmsnz{li jgm dmz dlkim ms|Źdl | vfgknima gsrligf|n pmr{g{n {gjm inz{g vnzl mk psmpghgikimh pmjsnĈg tg sdlzgvgidl ilpmŹlfdineāfgimvg dgvimr{n) Kg cn rl mvm |ānijmvn{m rpsmvlfm& kdlfg{imr{n psgvine rf|Źcnamsgd| cn{n z{m knrjsl{indl pmvltgil r sg{ina igpmsnag)‑ %Osgij Jn{rmi& Fmx Ni{lirn{~ Mplsg{nmir4 R|cvlsrnmi& Nir|shlib~& Plgbl!Jllpnih& 7>87).

<<) ‖Hsgėgini‑ dl rvgjm {ndlfm āndn dl mcfnj!Źnvm{g mrfgcfdli km {l adlsl kg dlpmr{gm jmapg{ncnfgi r Naplsndla) Sgtfnjg mvkdl indl pm{p|im mkr{sgidlig&mig pmr{mdn kmj hmk dl |{lalfdlig | mpĈmd dlkigjmvsndlkimr{n) Z{mvnzl&sgtfnjg dl lflali{gsig dlkninbg naplsndgfimh |psgvfdgidg nkli{n{l{nag)Gjm dl amklsig KsŹgvg vfgkgfg ‖olimaligfima slp|cfnjma ni{lslrg‑&tg Naplsnd amŹlam slĈn kg |psgvfdg olimaligfima slp|cfnjma sgtfnjg) N |psgvm Rl mvma klpslrnvima agrjgsgkma m{jfgidg rvgjnntsgt mcfnjg!Źnvm{g) Naplsndgfig amĈ mr{gdl naplsrmigfig dls rgag



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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nag amĈ plsrmigfntgbndl) Naplsndgfig amĈ {m{gfntnsg dls |psgvm dl mig{g jmdg niknvnk|gfntnsg) Mvkdl vnzl indl sndlā m niknvnk|gfimr{nag nfnr|cdlj{nvimr{nag& ilhm m niknvnk|gbndgag n r|cdlj{nvgbndgag ‒ psndlfgtina&dlkimjsg{ina& amk|fgsina) Naplsnd dl rfmcmkig nhsg rna|fgjs|ag)

Hfmrg4 Dlknir{vm Naplsndg indl |vlklim | slgfimr{ jgm iljgjgv kmkg{in mcfnj&ilhm kmfgtn r igdinŹlh r{|pidg& nt amflj|fgsimh mcfnjg) Dlknir{vm Naplsndg indlinz{g ks|hm ilhm hfmcgfig |inomsaimr{ mrfgcfdline mcfnjg!Źnvm{g psmntvlklinerpgdgidla Rplj{gjfg n CnmamĈn) Idlhmvm dlknir{vm vnzl rfnān amnsî; |tmsj|& ilhmz{m dl sgtimcmdim: igānidlim dl mk sgtfnjg& gfn mk sgtfnjg | mkimr| ig imsa|)Imsagfntnsgine sgtfnjg) R{g{nr{nājne mkr{|pgidg) \ Naplsnd| inz{g {n il tgcsgid|dl kgc|klz agfm p|ij& cfghm bnināgi nfn |adlslim RA) Naplsnd {mflsnsg rvl {sgirhslrndl&kmj hmk mil mr{gd| rmo{ ) [| vnzl indl sndlā m vmf|i{gsnr{nājmd& gpsnmsimd {m{gfntgbndn&ilhm m amflj|fgsima jgfncsnsgid| r|cdlj{nvn{l{g n {ndlfg) ‖\ adlsn | jmdmd amĈpmr{gdl giminaindg n o|ijbnmigfindg& min igk jmdnag rl rpsmvmkn pmr{gd| rvl vnzlniknvnk|gfntnsgin‑ %Om|bg|f{& Igktms n jgtig.)

Hfmrg4 ‖Rgv dl igr{gidlin rvndl{ rgk dlkim ilpsljnkim rfgvfdl& rp|r{nm dl ms|Źdln mjsli|m rl cltcsnŹim rvlāgimr{nag n tgkmvmfdr{vnag rvne vsr{g) Rvn r| r|jmcn|hgrfn | hsgkmvnag& dlkim dlknim snvgfr{vm tgmj|pfdg ne& g {m dl4 {jm Ĉl pmi|kn{n cmfdnrplj{gjf fdlpm{l n |hmkl) Rvl dl p|im hnaigtndg& omi{gig& ami|al{gfine jgpndg&esgamvg& sgknminbg n gjgklandg) Rg tigir{vlima rl rnh|simzĈ| amŹl {vskn{n kg dlr ghmindma rvndl{g hm{mvm& n kg rl mpmsgvnm n kg a| dl |kgei|{ imvn Źnvm{) %))). Rgvdl rvndl{ |slėli jgm tgcgvin pgsj) Kna tgpgfdline rlfg nfn rnhigfine vg{sn& psndg{lfdrjnenfn ilpsndg{lfdrjne& ilr{gm dl r emsntmi{g& jgm m{p|egi rigŹina vdl{sma& n tgandlidlidl cltcsmdina n sgtimfnjna rplj{gjfnag n āgsmcina nhsgag) %))). \ mvma r| {sli|{j|dlknin fd|kn jmdl {slcg Źgfn{n& min ntvgi {vmh naplsndg& |jmfnjm ne dmz nag& dls r| fnzlinmvgjvne fndlpne r{vgsn)‑ %Glfn|r Gsnr{nkl& Ni Smaga& 7;;) i)l).

<?) Mk rgk pg igkgfdl& hsgėgini tigān4 hsgėgini Naplsndg)

Hfmrg4 \ Snarjma bgsr{v|& hsgėgir{vm indl cnfm psnvnflhndg rgam Snafdgig&ilhm rvne mine jmdn r|& | cnfm jmdmd psmvnibndn Naplsndg& pmjgtnvgfn kmvmfdi| l{nāj|jmiomsaimr{ r snarjna amklfma) Hsgėgir{vm& | psgvima ranrf|& pmk|kgsgfm

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Pmdgvg jmk jmdl kvg rnhigfg ni{lsolsnsgd| ig igāni kg rl pmdgvfd|dl ilpmr{mdlĈg r{s|j{|sg& psna) pslv)




30;

rl pmigdpsndl r niknvnk|gfina sgkma rgam!il|{sgfntgbndl) _nknam kgjfl kg {lsanihsgėgini il psnpgkg dltnj| Tgjmig& ilhm dltnj| imsal) Rvn pmtnvn hsgėginagr| kgjfl& dmz mk Osgib|rjl slvmf|bndl& adlsl ntvgislkimh r{gidg: psgjrl jmdlmkhmvgsgd| r{gid| ntinajl %‖Kmamvnig dl | mpgrimr{n‑& ‖Psndl{idg Slp|cfnbn‑&

n{k.) Pmtnvn hsgėginag kgjfl injgk inr| pmtnvn psgvina r|cdlj{nag& ilhm igslkclpsgvina r|cdlj{nag kg nk| psljm rlcl n kgd| rvmd Źnvm{: kg rl pmigzgd| psnadlsim&n kg c|k| vnzl mk psgvine r|cdljg{g kg cn amhfn mr{g{n psgvin r|cdlj{n)

<8) Kljmir{s|jbndg dl dlknim anzfdlidl jmapg{ncnfim r Naplsndla ‒ jgkvlĈ indl rf|Źclim anzfdlidl Naplsndg) Min jmdn r| dl rfgvnfn jgm ‖rfgc|anrgm‑ {māim r| pmhmknfn4 kljmir{s|jbndg dl knrj|stnvig psgjrg vmėligdlkina dlknir{vlina bnfdla4 sgr{gfn{n& knrjvgfnonbnsg{n rvgjn ni{litn{l{& ilpsmntvmklĈn injgk inz{g)

Hfmrg4 Inl{trbel& Gs{g|k& Rbean{{& Elhlf& Rgni{ Pg|f& idlagājn smagi{ntgan igkslgfntga4 tgkgĈg kljmir{s|jbndl dl& mālvnkim& |tl{n tg al{| rvmdnetghf|pfd|d|Ĉne jmali{gsg rvl z{m dl& | pmvndlr{n anrfn& imrn{lfd mkslėlimhni{litn{l{g) Mvgd imvn mcfnj igktmsg jmdn rl psl{vgsg kg dl {lj ilvnin igr{gvgjjidnŹlvil jsn{njl pm nr{lj| idlig smjg {sgdgidg m{jsnvg rl& tgpsgvm& tgr{sgz|d|Ĉl|ānijmvn{na) \rjmsm Ĉl rgin{gsima {sgjma knhslrndg& sltlsvn& dltnāine nhgsgn iganhnvgidg |rpdl{n mjs|Źn{n rvl z{m dl nmfl vns|fli{im& rpslāgvgd|Ĉn {gjmtgamsimzĈ| rvmdne psmtgnāine {mamvg cnfm jgjvm psmk|Źlidl anrfn | āni& cmslĈnrl& |jsg{jm& rvna rnfgag psm{nv kmhgėgdg) Injgjvm ntiligėlidl kg dl mvgd vgfhfmcgfimh cscfdgidg smėli nt jsn{njl al{gontnjl revgĈlil jgm psnvnflhnsgidl‖dlkimr{gvil n ilpmrslkil‑ psnr|{imr{n hmvmsg | mkimr| ig pnrgidl&psnvnflhnsgidl Źnvm{g rpsga {ljr{g n idlhmvl aimhmr{s|jmr{n tigālidg) Rvgjgjmcn cnfm amh|Ĉl ni{lspsl{nsg{n kljmir{s|jbnd| jgm dlkimr{gvi| cf|alrji|slgjbnd|) Kljmir{s|jbnminr{& ilrpmrmcgi nag{n cnfm jgjvmh |{dlbgdg ign igdagidn kl{gfd rvmhg rvndl{g& kmrfmvim il cnvgd|Ĉn rjmsm |mpĈl | rvndl{| n|āninvzn mk rvmdl mkr|{imr{n {sgdin igāni pmr{mdgidg& pmj|zgvg psjmrim psnrvmdn{nrvmdl cf|ar{vm4 tg{vgsg rl | {gd |rjn tg{vmsli js|h slgfimr{n jmdl hg rl dmz|vndlj km{nā| dls r| dlkigjm ilr|pr{gibndgfil jgm n mi rga4 jidnhl& {ljr{mvn&onfamvn& a|tnjg) Mi vnzl il |vnėg kg rl {m z{m ān{g amŹl mkimrn{n ig Źnvm{&|adlr{m {mhg mi rvmd Źnvm{ vnkn jgm {jgidl slolslibn ig mim z{m dl vlĈ psmān{gm)Psnr|{imr{ n rvndl{ jgm bdlfnig& | adlsn | jmdmd ne Naplsnd kmp|z{g& tg idlhg r|ānr{g enpm{ltg) R{vgsimr{ n nrj|r{vm {lj r| r|aidnvn gsh|ali{n g|{msn{l{g) Nag



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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ilālh anfn{gi{imh | kljmir{s|jbndn& pmp|{ anfn{gi{imr{n mkr|r{vg& mogitnvimhpmvfgālidg | tg{vmslin& gfn clrjmigāim ntimvg pslrfmŹnvn rvndl{ tigālidg)Kljmir{s|jbndg tgpsgvm& pmk vgidz{nima hf|pgvl rgamkmpgkimr{n& nag n vsfmrplbnonāi| pmfn{nāj| o|ijbnd|4 rvl z{m rl igrnfim r|psm{r{gvfdg Naplsnd| psmhfgrn{n

cgscgsrjna& rvgjmh {jm vfgr{n{| psnr|{imr{ | rlcn ksŹn ntvmsma lilshndl rvmhslvmf{g igtmvl anr{nāina& g rvgj| Źnv|& vn{gfi| pmrfdlknb| anrfn& rvgjn āni‒ ogznr{nājna) Tg mvl rlj{gzjl ghli{l pslvli{nvil jmi{sgslvmf|bndl dlknim dlvgŹim psmk|Źgvgidl kgfdidl mc|r{gvl igzlh kmcg& mk jmdlh Źnvl) Ilpmrslkimr{dl& jgjm dl Elhlf vlĈ mcdgrinm& igdgpr{sgj{indg r{vgs) G igzn kljmir{s|jbnminr{nkmcsm tigd| kg dl c|k|qimr{ Elhlfg ‒ Naplsnd )

<5) Naplsnd il pmnag hsgėgirjn sg{ in{n jgm |vslk| idlhmv| vlfnāgir{v| in{njgm ntgtmv idlhmvmd rvlamĈn& ilhm dlkimr{gvim jgm sntnj ) [m mcdgzidgvgpslvli{nvi| jmi{sgslvmf|bnd| jmd| Naplsnd pmknŹl psm{nv rvgjmh {jm cn amhgmpsmc|zn{n s|pl | pmr{mdgima cnmpmfn{nājma {jgid|) Tg sgtfnj| mk amklsilKsŹgvl& Naplsnd il indlāl pmr{mdgidl hsgėgirjmh sg{g& mi |psgvfdg idna)Psntigd|Ĉn pmr{mdgidl hsgėgirjmh sg{g& Naplsnd rl mprjscfd|dl psnjfgkinarslkr{vnag tg idlhmvm |radlsgvgidl n mc|tkgvgidl) \jmfnjm idlhmvlaslŹl ilkmvmfdim psmkns| | iljm pmks|ādl& Naplsnd Ĉl rl& mimfnjm jmfnjm dlpm{slcim& |ks|Źn{n r fmjgfima agondma nfn āgj fmjgfima hlsnfma& pmk |vdl{makg Ĉl mil mksŹgvg{n slk ig {lsn{msnd| jmdn na dl kmkndlfdli) Inz{g Naplsnd|indl agidl vgŹim mk pn{gidg {jm z{m jmi{smfnsg& pmk |vdl{ma kg dl jmi{smfg|rpmr{gvfdlig) M{|k psmntfgtn kg dl ilslghnsgidl n kgfdl slgjbndg)

Hfmrg4 \vndlj dl tgcgvim vnkdl{n ig jgjvg jmanāig jslvlfdlidg Naplsndpsni|ė|dl mil jmdn a| rl& tg idlhmvne ni{lsvlibndg& Źlfl r|psm{r{gvn{n& gfn mjfndlvgd|psntig{n n psnevg{n{n hsgėgirjn sg{) [gjm r| fndlpl k|zl rvndl{g ighigil kg tg|ta|r{gv ! il amhgvzn revg{n{n kg naplsndgfig mplsgbndg ig Jmrmv| indl cnfg |radlsligpsm{nv Rscg& ilhm psm{nv rgamh hsgėgirjmh sg{g jmdn dl ig Cgfjgi| pmr{gm pslvnzlvnkfdnv! cnfl psnamsgil r{g{n ig r{sgi| nfn IG[M!g nfn AnfmzlvnĈg)

Hfmrg4 Jsg{jm igjmi Hlimvl n idltnine rblig slpslrndl ig ānflgirjn igāni&vnrmjm sgihnsgi k|Źimrinj {gfndgirjl pmfnbndl pmi|knm dl mvm knsfdnvm psntigidlāgrmpnr| Fg Slp|ccfnbg4 ‖Hflkgd{l& slĈn Ĉ| vga ilz{m z{m injma inrga sljgm&n indl an {m dlkimr{gvim slĈn) %))). Pmfnbndg indl {| kg |vmkn slk& ilhm kg |psgvfdgilslkma)‑




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<>) \ nklgfima rf|āgd|& jnclsil{nājg slk|jbndg pmr{gvfdg Cfmmag jgm{sgirpgsli{imh psmvmkinjg ks|z{vlil niomsagbndl) Naplsnd rl sgkm pslkr{gvfdgjgm aslŹg | jmdmd rvg{jm amŹl cn{n āvms) Mk rvgjmh mk mvne āvmsmvg& imsagānin lflali{ ks|z{vlil psmvmkfdnvmr{n) Ygj n psndl niomsagbndl& {| bnsj|fnsg

cnmpmfn{nājg jg|tgfimr{& r agidl nfn vnzl m{pmsg& mvnrim m r{|pid| imsagfimr{n)Rvgjn rl āvms ‒ tlafdg& {ndlfm& {vs{jg& pmfn{nājg pgs{ndg ! ksŹn mkhmvmsina tgvfgr{n{n m{pms) [gjm dl n | rf|āgd| gprmf|{il ilpsmvmknvmr{n& {mājl tg|r{gvfdgidgpsm{mjg) Yvms m jmdla dl sndlā cn{ Ĉl psmhfgzli jsnvna& tfmānigājna&ilfd|krjna& n pmr{g{ Ĉl pslkal{ naplsndgfil ni{lsvlibndl)

Hfmrg4 C|k|Ĉn kg in{jm indl kmvmfdim klplsrmigfntnsgi kg cn cnm rgvszlipsmvmkinj ks|z{vline psm{mjg& rvg{jm dl |vndlj!vlĈ %n {m dl |vdl{ idlhmvmhmpr{gijg. jsnv | pmhflk| imsal: imsal jmdg Ĉl cn{n |rpmr{gvfdlig {lj igjigkim&igjmi naplsndgfil ni{lsvlibndl) Mvm r{gidl igtvg{ Ĉlam cngibm jsnvidg& cndlfgjsnvidg) Cngibm jsnvidg dl amsgfim r{gidl hsgėginig Naplsndg) Mig dl sgtfmh ntjmdlh& | r{vgsn& il pmr{mdl hsgėgin& ilhm rgam kmjgtn hsgėgir{vg)

Hfmrg4 Ilomsagfimr{& pfgr{nāimr{ n mpms{|inr{nājg ilkmvszlimr{ aslŹl i|klamklf rfgcl rmfnkgsimr{n nt āndne dl fgcgvne vltg rg{jgim naplsndgfim ‖ks|z{vm‑)

Hfmrg4 Pfgil{gsig bnsj|fgbndg mkhmvmsimr{n jmigāim mcdlfmkgid|dl ! | {sli|{j|| jmdla dl nrfdlėnvgidl kmzfm km r{|pidg kg {sgŹn jsnvbl āgj n tg ‖psnsmki|jg{gr{smo|‑ ! jmfnjm dl rvg jg|tgfimr{ cn{im jmir{s|nsgig)

Hfmrg4 Naplsnd nag mcnāgd fgirnsg{n ‖jgapgidl tg pmkntgidl rvndlr{n‑) Mvl rlrgr{mdl nt psmanzfdlimh pmkntgidg rlitncnfimr{n ks|z{vline rlitmsg ig mvgd nfnmigd olimali& {m dlr{ nt jslnsgidg {mh olimalig jgm olimalig& n nt jmir{s|jbndljg|tgfine fgigbg jmdn Ĉl mamh|Ĉn{n idlhmv| ag{lsndgfntgbnd|)

?0) D|snrknjbndg naplsndgfil pmfnbndl& CnmamĈn& ilmhsginālig dl c|k|Ĉn kg mig amsgmhsginān{n n tg|r{gvn{n il mim gj{|gfim& vlĈ mim nt slkg amh|qlh) Gscn{gs rlmvkdl tmvl pslvlibndg& g sntnj dl mvm amh|ql& jmdl |vndlj gj{|gfim pmr{mdn jgm amh|ql& n mrimvg dl Naplsndlvmh |invlstgfimh psgvg ig ni{lsvlibnd|)

Hfmrg4 Ilpsndg{lfd Naplsndg dl |i|{gsidn) Ilpsndg{lfd dl kmhgėgd) [m dl rvl z{mcn rl amhfm kmhmkn{n& rvl z{m cn amhfm pmslal{n{n slzl{j| imsan n knrpmtn{nvg) Ilpsndg{lfd



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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dl kgjfl& fmhnāim& | mcfnj| sntnjg rvlpsnr|{gi) G csnhg dl dlknin psntig{ n pm{vsėlisgtfmh tg cs|{gfil naplsndgfil ni{lsvlibndl psm{nv Naghnigsil pgs{ndl4 ‖Pmhflkgd{ljgjm ram vgr rpslain z{n{n{n& c|k|Ĉn kg āna rl z{mhmk ntinaim kmhmkn ‒ mānhflkimclt |tnagidg | mctns iljne r{gsne igvnjg pmp|{ tgjmig nfn r|kr{vg ‒ ni{lsvlinsg{

Ĉlam rvna rslkr{vnag‑ %Om|bg|f{.)

Hfmrg4 Pmr{mdn mkslėlig hsm{lrjig& ncndlvrjg bs{g naplsndgfil amĈn& jmdg&pgsgkmjrgfim& il |rpndlvg |tksag{n |ānijmvn{mr{ R{smdg) Ig nr{n igāni& pmr{mdncgsmjin grplj{ psgvimh mjvnsg | jmdla Źnvnam) Tgpsgvm& mksŹgvgidl mkslėliljmfnānil {sgdil jmio|tndl | pmhflk| psgvnfg ig rigtn& sgtfnān{ne {ndlfg n idnemvne mvfgr{nānin rl vn{gfina tg Naplsnd) \psgvm mvg jmio|tndg mamh|Ĉ|dl Naplsnd| kg |pm{sndlcn&jgk dl tg {m vsndlal& rvg rslkr{vg)

?7) _nzl ilag pm{slcl sgtfnjmvg{n ksm{g n hsgėginig) \ Naplsnd| rl |jnkgd|sgtfnjl ntalė| pmfnbndl n pmp|fgbndl) \ rvgjma {sli|{j| hsgėgini NaplsndgamŹl& | jgsgj{lsnr{nāim cf|amvrjma pslmjsl{|& m{jsn{n kg dl ksm{)

Hfmrg4 Om|bg|f{ radlz{g pmsndljfm nkldl kg dl ‖klfnijvli{ ilpsndg{lfd ks|z{vg |bdlfnin‑ | ks|h| pmfmvnb| mrgaiglr{mh r{mfdlĈg) \ Naplsnd| rl mvgd pmdga znsn igbdlfni| sljmir{s|nsgimh ks|z{vlimh flzg) Rvg{jm pslkr{gvfdg jgjm tg rgamh rlcl{gjm n tg ks|hl& g tgevgfd|d|Ĉn rvma r{g{|r| cngibm jsnvidl ‒ sntnj& pm{libndgfimhemr{nrg) Mvgjvg rentmnkig rn{|gbndg mcdgzidgvg naplsndgfin pmvsg{gj |tgdgaimhigkhflkgidg n km|zinz{vg& igktnsgidg |i|{gs n alė| hsgėginag) Il rgam kg hsgėginNaplsndg psndgvfd|d| rvl z{m na rl ānin ‖gcimsagfina‑ r {gjvna Źgsma kg {m pmfnbndgvnzl il |rpndlvg psg{n{n& ilhm pmjg{jgk psndgvfd|d| n rgan rlcl& kg cn jmigāimmjmiāgfn rg r{gidla cngibm jsnvidl jmd| mrdlĈgd|& kg cn idnemv dmz ilsndlzli r{g{|r&idnemvg ilrnh|simr{ | rvmdl āfgir{vm | cnmpmfn{nājma {jnv| cnfn kmjmiāgin) N cgz mvnaalegintama pmmpĈlimh {lsmsg rvl r| sntnāil knvnk|l& rvn min pmkfmŹin naplsndgfimdni{lsvlibndn ntcgālin nt rvne anfdlg& r{gvfdlin | jgsgi{li| n rpmi{gim ntmfnsgin dls cnjgpnfgsina kdlfmvgidla amhfn pmv|Ĉn rg rmcma r|rdlkil slzl{jl aslŹl)

Hfmrg4 ‖! Jgjm cnr{l kloninsgfn pmfnbnd|=

Pmfnbndg kmfgtn nt dgvimr{n n dgvimr{ dl knm pmfnbndl) Pmfnbgdbn r| min jmdn r| pfgĈlinkg pmrvl{l rvmdl vsndlal nrp|idgvgid| rvmdne tgkgĈg& jmdl r| {gjmėls n tgkgĈlidnemvne r|hsgėgig)




305

Jmdg dl psnagsig |fmhg pmfnbndl=

Pmfnbndg nag psmznsli| anrnd| jmdg rl |rslkm{mā|dl ig sdlzgvgidl psmcflag%― psmcfla rmfvnih pmfnbnih„.)

Jgjm rl adlsn |ānijmvn{mr{ pmfnbndl=

Mkr|r{vma tfmānig n cltgjmidg)

Ynal rl pmfnbndg rplbnonāim cgvn=

Psmcflanag n csnhgag hsgėgig)

Z{m mkslė|dl |ānijmvn{mr{ pmfnbndl=

R|sgkidg dgvimr{n)

Jgjm kloninsg{l psmolrnmigfntga pmfnbndrjne righg=

RpmrmcimzĈ| kg mr{gil | jmi{gj{| r pmp|fgbndma kg cn amhfg gi{nbnpnsg{npsmcflal)

Jgjm dl anzfdlidl pmfnbndl m r|krjna pmr{|pbnag=

[m dl dlkim mk aimhne rslkr{gvg)‑ %Dlgi!Pg|f Csmkl|s& psmolrms jsnanimfmhndl&Ami{slgf: bn{nsgim | H|nkl psg{nw|l kl fg pmfnbl kl psmunan{î& Pgsnt& mŹ|dgj 3000).

?3) Naplsndgfig r|vlslimr{ pmksgt|andlvg kg in{n dlkig {mājg psmr{msg nfn vslalign in{n dlkgi lflali{ cnmpmfn{nājmh {jnvg indl mrnh|sgi psm{nv ni{lsvlibndl)Lflj{sminājm gsenvnsgidl& pmmpĈlig jmi{smfnsgimr{& ānidlinbg kg rslkr{vgpsmntvmkidl ilmkvmdnvm pmr{gd| rslkr{vg jmi{smfl& rvmėlidl psgvimh tkgidgig p|jm ms|Źdl | gsrligf| imsal ‒ rvl mvm psl{vgsg rvgjmh |mr|aidnālimh)

Hfmrg4 Amcn{lf mamh|Ĉ|dl kg vgr rfndlkl& igāni pfgĈgidg rgksŹn lvnklibnd|vgzne pslesgacline igvnjg& smkn{lfdn rl psl{vgsgd| | km|zinjl& {lflomirjn sgā|ipmr{gdl kmrdl m vgzna psndg{lfdrjna vltgag4 bndlfg {g enplspsmk|jbndg clrjmsnrine



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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pmkg{gjg pmr{gdl js|bndgfima dls dl | rvgjma {sli|{j| |pm{slcfdnvg) Idligkmr{|pimr{ mp{lslĈ|dl rvgjn āni psndl{idma) Ynidlinbg kg r| mvn pmkgbn |hfgvimailnrjmsnz{lin {māim pmjgt|dl jmfnjm rl Naplsnd mrdlĈg rnh|sina& jmfnjm& tgrgk&mrdlĈg kg dl vgi mpgrimr{n)

?2) Naplsnd |mpĈl indl anzfdli& g vdlsmdg{im dl n {lzjm anrfnv |i|{gs tgpgkil{sgknbndl& kgjfl |i|{gs hsginbg al{gontnjl r|cdlj{nvimr{n) Igdvnzl z{m Rlamhfm anrfn{n dl pslvfgkgvgidl amklsil KsŹgvl ig idltnima vfgr{n{ma{lsli|4 {m dl ntidlksnfm csmdil ilmksŹnvl psmdlj{l |invlstgfil KsŹgvl& mkrplj|fgbndg m jmtampmfn{rjma psgv| jmdl Ĉl |rpmr{gvn{n {sgdgi ans& kmcflrgvl igkl | hfmcgfi| klamjsg{rj| ksŹgv| jmdg dl jsgdidn bnfd ilhsntag)

Hfmrg4 Min jmdn il amh| anrfn{n rvndl{ ntvgi jg{lhmsndg jmdl na dl mkmcsnfgfnclsgfig KsŹgvg& ālr{m andlzgd| Naplsnd& r iljma mk igkigbnmigine mshgintgbndg%AAO nfn Rvdl{rjg cgijg& X[M nfn \I& n ilz{m sdlėl IG[M nfn _ndlĈl L|smpl.)Mk psm{|!r|aan{g km psm{|!r|aan{g& vnknam kg igzl ‖gi{nhfmcgfnr{l‑ rvl vnzlpsmŹknsl r|aidg4 g z{m gjm |i|{gs mvne pmapmtine tkgidg& ntg mvne memfne ogrgkg&ilag INYLHG= Ni{|n{nvim na dl dgrim kg r| mvl vlfnjl hfmcgfil fd|rjl psgtil& n|psgvm ne r{mhg& |mr{gfma& mpjmfd|d|) Mvl pgfgāl nthsgėlil r| rgam mk kmcsneigadlsg& n rvgjn p|{ r| pmknhi|{l jgm slgjbndg ig ilj| rvdl{rj| jsnt|& g pm{maigp|z{lil& iligr{gidlil& mr{gvfdlil iljna pm{p|im clrjmsnrina rvsegag) Igpsnadls& kg rf|Źl jgm agagb {s|pgag ilhsnr{nājne mrpmsgvg{lfdg)

Hfmrg4 [lzjm dl revg{n{n jgam r{slan il{jm {jm& igjmi bndlfmh Źnvm{g mrpmsgvgidg&| āfgij| Naplsnd& Jsgdidn r{gknd naplsndgfntag& {vskn kg | ‖rgkgzidmd naplsndgfimd ogtn&vnzl ilag naplsndgfntag‑& nfn jgkg kndgflj{nj| psmhfgrn as{vma kg cn tgjfd|ānm kgamsgam ‖{lmsl{ntnsg{n n kdlfmvg{n nr{mkmcim |i|{gs n psm{nv Naplsndg‑: iljmhg {jm rlr{gvfdg āgr | agtmenr{nāj| pmtnbnd| tge{ndlvgd|Ĉn kg rl nir{n{|bndl sgrp|r{l rgal mkrlcl& g āgr ne psljfnidl kg pmr{mdl) R{mhg il {slcg pmĈn mk idlhmvmh pnrgidg& ilhmr idlhmvna pmvndlrina kdlfmvgidla) Ygj n jgk dl sndlā m sgt|andlvgid| jidnhl jgmz{m dl Naplsnd & {l {lmsndrjl tcsjl jmdg | anzfdlid| |rpndlvg pmr{nĈn nr{m mim jmigāimntanslidl rvne iljmapg{ncnfimr{n jgjvm Naplsnd rinvg mr{vgsn{n | kdlfmvgid|& vnzl dlpm|āim psmag{sg{n psgjrl jmdl rl pmtnvgd| ig id|) Ygj n | hmvms| rplj{gj|fgsinecnsmjsg{g m pmjsl{| [|{l cngibel& {lsani ‖fd|kn nt Rlg{{flg‑ vlĈ dl iljm vsndlaltgandlidli r ‖aimz{vm‑) ‖Igsmk‑& pmkrdlĈg igr Emcclr& ‖dl ilz{m z{m dl dlkim&z{m nag dlki| vmfd|& n āla| dlkig gjbndg amŹl cn{n psnpnrgig: inz{g mk mvmhg rl




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il amŹl slĈn tg aimz{vm) Igsmk vfgkg | rvna vfgkgag) Ygj n | amigsendgagigsmk tgpmvndlkg: dls igsmk emĈl e{ndlidla dlkimh dlknimh āmvdljg) Aimz{vmānil hsgėgin& kgjfl pmkginbn) \ klamjsgbndn n gsnr{mjsgbndn& hsgėgin r| aimz{vm& gkvms dl igsmk)‑ Bndlfg ilhsndgirjg plsrplj{nvg rvmkn rl ig mvm4 psnrnfn{n Naplsnd kg&

igr{gijma {gjmtvgimh ‖hfmcgfimh bnvnfimh ks|z{vg‑& |tal mcfnj |invlstgfil KsŹgvl)Jgk {m kmfgtn mk fd|kn jmdn r| r{slanfn tg|tl{n nir{n{|bnmigfil pmtnbndl& jmdn r| rl kgjfl|vndlj psl{vgsgfn kg vdls|d| | onjbnd| amklsil KsŹgvl& pmr{gdl dgrig gpr|skimr{r{sg{lhndl: g r|psm{in kmjgtn Naplsndg tgkmcndgd| pmvndlrin tigāgd) Jgk Ilhsn {vsknkg dl aimz{vm psmntvlfm Naplsnd& kg dl ‖r|vlslimr{ pmpsnanfg imvn mcfnj& rgr{gvfdlimk igbnmigfine n igkigbnmigfine mshgintgag |dlknidline pmk dlknir{vlima fmhnjmavfgkgidg‑& kg dl ‖Naplsnd pmfn{nājn r|cdlj{ jmdn |ānijmvn{m slh|fnsg hfmcgfil sgtadlil&r|vlslig amĈ jmdg |psgvfdg rvndl{ma‑& nfn mpl{ kg rl ‖mvgd pmslkgj ntsgŹgvg |psgvima mcfnj|‑& mi il mpnr|dl rvndl{ jmdn hg mjs|Ź|dl& ilhm vfgr{n{l gacnbndl)Ilhsnr{n Źlfl kg Naplsnd nag psgvin mcfnj& Źlfl igrpsga rlcl nag{n mrmc| r|vlslig&nir{n{|bnmigfin r|cdlj{ r jmdna amh| |hmvgsg{n nfn mk jmhg amh| psnhsgcn{n amĈ)‖Hfmcgfim bnvnfim ks|z{vm‑ ig jmdl rl pmtnvgd| {lj mkgdl idnemv| Źlfd| tg hfmcgfimaKsŹgvma) Igsgvim& min i|kl iljl kmjgtl& nfn ilz{m tg z{m vdls|d| kg r| kmjgtn&tg pmr{mdgidl |invlstgfimh pmsl{jg | igr{gdgid|4 naplsndgfig ni{lsvlibndg |Jmrmv|& | Rmagfndn& | Tgfdlv| n idnemv| rplj{gj|fgsi| flhn{nagbnd| | ‖|invlstgfinavsndlkimr{nag‑) Gfn āgj n gjm cn rl Naplsnd mprjscnm fgŹima nir{n{|bnmigfimaogrgkma& | r{vgsimr{n cn n kgfdl mr{gm jmibli{snsgi | rvdl{rjmd pmfnbndn n dgvimr{n&kgjfl CnmamĈn n Rplj{gjf|) Ynidlinbg dl kg rl naplsndgfin sg{mvn pslkr{gvfdgd| jgm‖alė|igsmkil pmfnbndrjl mplsgbndl‑ jmdl ntvmkl ‖ni{lsvli{il righl‑& kg dl rga sg{r{gvfdli vgi tgjmig mcfnjma kmanigbndl jmdg vfgr{n{l vmdil igpgkl Źlfn psnjgtg{n jgmilz{m agfm vnzl mk dlkimr{gvil mplsgbndl |i|{gidlh |psgvfdgidg& {m dlr{& pmfnbndrjgr{vgs& g il pmfn{nājm pn{gidl) Rbean{{ dl {m gi{nbnpnsgm psndl zltklrl{ hmknig& n {minagfm il kmpsnimrn pmr{|pima sgtvmd| ‖pmfnbndrjmh psgvg‑& jgjm cn Ilhsn e{nmvdlsmvg{n) [sli|{in rplj{gj|fgsin jmirlit|r psm{nv mvl nfn mil ‖mkal{i|{l ksŹgvl‑&mvmh nfn mimh ‖knj{g{msg‑ nfn ‖{lsmsnr{g‑ rgam kgdl psnvslali n pmvsg{gi flhn{nan{l{tg cnfm jmd| naplsndgfi| ni{lsvlibnd| jmdg {gd jmirlit|r pm{sgŹ|dl) Pmimvim ntkgidlvlĈ klhsgknsgine Iösiclszjne r|kmvg tg rvl Źnvm& |infg{lsgfil mkf|jl jmdl kmimrligbnmigfil r|krjl nir{gibl r|klĈn tg tfmānil jmdn r| rl kmhmknfn | tlafdgag jmdlne āgj in{n il psntigd| jgm {gjvl& il igdgvfd|dl kmfgtgj hfmcgfimh psgvg ig pmamf|&ilhm pm{p|il pmkslėlimr{n r|krjmh pmsl{jg pmfnbndrjma ntvgislkima r{gid|) \{gjvna |vdl{nag& il {slcg ghn{nsg{n | pm{pms| rpgrmimril |invlstgfil KsŹgvl& ilhms|zn{n Rplj{gjf n CnmamĈ)



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?;) Naplsndgfig kmanigbndg jmd| pmānidlam pslpmtigvg{n amŹl cn{n mpnrgigjgm ilm{gmnr{nājg dls dl dlknim | {md {sgknbndn {gjm {lalfdn{m anzfdlidg) Dmzpsndl kvgklrl{ n {sn r{mfdlĈg& dlkgi dl {gmnr{nājn {lmsl{nāgs {vsknm mvgjm4‖Pmr{mdl {sn rslkr{vg mrnh|sgvgidg pmsl{jg) Psvn dl jmsnr{& ks|hn dl r{sge&

g {slĈn nalimvgidl) Jmsnr{ vlt|dl fd|kl |t r|vlslig& r{sge mrnh|sgvg kgrl pmz{|dl slk& g nalimvgidl pm{nāl niolsnmsil kg rfndlkl nr{n p|{ jgm nhmrpmkgsn) %))). [m igtnvga |jnkgidla vfgkgvnil rgama vfgkgvnima&|jnkgidla hmvmsg hmvmsma rgana)‑ Tgjfd|ā|dl pm{ma clt mjmfnzgidg4 ‖\rgvszlimd vfgkgvnin& niolsnmsin r| clt vsndlkimr{n‑ %Egi Oln [r|.) Igsgvim&vfgkgvnig mk {gk rl igdvdlsmdg{indl |rgvszgvg)

Hfmrg4 Nag mine jmdn cn naplsndgfin plsnmk mpnrgfn jgm vsndlal smcmvg clthmrpmkgsg& vfgkgfgbg) Ngjm {m indl rgrvna pmhslzim& cmfdl dl mpnrg{n hg jgm vsndlal_fgkgvnil clt vfgkgfgbg& ilpmr{mdlĈlh r|vlslig& pmp|{ Bgfvnimvmh ilpmr{mdlĈlhvn{ltg jmdn dl {lj psgtin vn{lzjn mjfmp) Adlr{m Psnibg mr{gdl ilvnkfdnvm tg|tl{mPSNIBNPMA) Ig r{vgsn dl nr{mkmcim gprmf|{in sgrjnk rg r{gsna plsrmigfinar|vlslin{l{ma& jgm n idlhmvm pm{p|im nrp|idlidl4 vlfnjg ilvmfdg Hmrpmkgsg |vndljdl cnfg {m z{m tg pmkginjl nag rgam smcmvl) _fgkgd|Ĉn Psnibnp mr{vgs|dl pgsgkmjrpslk jmdna dl pmp|r{nfg r|pr{gibndgfig r|vlslimr{4 nag{n tg smcmvl rfmcmkil fd|kl) Mvg psgtig r|vlslimr{ indl | psgvma ranrf| enr{msndrjg imvmr{& ngjm mig{m ig Tgpgk| vnkfdnvm dlr{) TgkgĈg dl mvkdl mrfmcmkn{n rl al{gontnjl r|cdlj{nvn{l{g)Jniltn& jmdn r| rl |rpmr{gvnfn vgi al{gontnjl r|cdlj{nvn{l{g ntalė| zlr{mh n {slĈlhr{mfdlĈg psndl igzl lsl& rjmvgfn r| {gkg {lmsnd| naplsrmigfimh r|vlslin{l{g& jmdnindl iljmsnr{gi tg sgt|andlvgidl gj{|gfine am{nvg naplsndgfil kmanigbndl) \rjmvltgim |t mv| {lmsnd| dl nal Egi Oln [r|g& jfd|āil onh|sl zjmfl jmdg rl pmhslzimigtnvg ‖flhgfntama‑& c|k|Ĉn kg rl idlim anzfdlidl vnzl mkimrn ig imsa| ilhm igTgjmi) Idlhmvg |ālidg& kgigr mj|pfdlig pmk igrfmvma ‖[gm R|vlslig‑& psmpnrgfgr| |rpmr{gvfdgidl psvmh nr{nirjn |dlknidlimh Jnilrjmh naplsndg jmdna dl tg{vmsliplsnmk ‖TgsgĈline KsŹgvg‑) Jgk dl Naplsnd jmigāim |rpmr{gvfdli& Naplsg{ms&r|vlsli knigr{ndl Wni& kgm dl 372) hmknil psndl igzl lsl tgpgfn{n kdlfm Egi Oln[r|g) [lj | kvgklrl{ma r{mfdlĈ| pmimvim dl nrjmpgi {ljr{ jmdn dl psmpnrnvgm rvlpsgjrl Jnilrjmh naplsndg | nr{ma {sli|{j| jgk rl mvgd sgrpgkgm)

Egi Oln [r|mv Psnib& kgjfl migd jmdn tg|tnag pmtnbnd|& Psnib dl rgam tcmh rvmdlnaplsrmigfimr{n& tcmh rvmdlh mkr|r{vg rvmdr{gvg& rvmdl ilvnkfdnvmr{n& rvmdlhilkdlfmvgidg: mi dl Psnib rgam |{mfnjm |jmfnjm dl gprmscnsgi | [gm& | P|{& | {ndlj




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r{vgsn) Mi indl Psnib | ranrf| mrmcl& mi dl Psnibnp& ānr{g psgtinig& jmdg tg|tnagpmtnbnd| n mr{gdl | ilkdlfmvgid|) Tg ‖flhgfnr{nājn‑ Naplsnd& KsŹgvg cn {slcgfg cn{n pm{p|imnagili{ig hsgėgirjma ks|z{v|4 ‖Tgjmi rl | KsŹgvn | jmdmd vfgkg slk pmz{nvg dlkigjmfgjm jgm z{m rl dlkl jgk rn hfgkgi nfn mkndlvg jgk dl efgkim4 ilag injgjvl pm{slcl tg

igslkcgag‑& mcdgzidgvg Egi Oln) O|ijbndg r|vlslig mvkdl dl gs{nj|fnsg{n nir{s|ali{ljmdn Ĉl hg |ānin{n r|vnzina& jmdn Ĉl mamh|Ĉn{n jnclsil{nāj| rgamslh|fgbnd|) \jmfnjm |iljna grplj{nag kmj{snig Egi Oln [r|g pmkrdlĈg ig mkslėlil jmir{s|jbndl fnclsgfilanrfn& rvgjgjm dl fnzlig idnemvl fgŹil ignvimr{n4 mig rl pslkr{gvfdg jgm {lmsndggprmf|{il kmanigbndl) Egi Oln mpmanidl Psnibg kg rl pmjmsgvg P|{| Fgm [rlg4 ‖Ilcmdl ilanfmrskim4 pmr{|pg r fd|knag jgm rg rfgaig{na prnag) Rvl{gb dl ilanfmrskgi4pmr{|pg r fd|knag jgm rg rfgaig{na prnag)‑ Ygj n igdvdlsindn aninr{sn amsgd| tig{njgjm r| cltigāgdin | mkimr| ig Naplsndgfin R{smd: min jmdn r| dmz d|āls vdlsmvgfn kg r|hmrpmkgsn& {slcgd| r{sgemvg{n ilĈl fn rl ig idne rs|ān{n jgjvg mplsgbndg ‖amsgfntgbndldgvimh Źnvm{g‑& jgjvg Źlė tg psmtnsimzĈ|) \andlĈl naplsndgfil kmanigbndl dlgprmscnsg{n rl | Psnibnp|& nzālti|{n | inz{g& vnkdl{n rvl pmr{gd|Ĉn ilvnkfdnvma& ksŹg{nrvl cnvgd|Ĉn il|evg{fdnvma) Pmvfgālidl Psnibg n indl inz{g ks|hm km pmvfgālidlPsnibnpg4 |rpmr{gvn{n imsal pm jmdnag Ĉl cnĈg cn{n psmr|ėnvgig n vslkimvgig& ckndl{nigk {na kg r{vgsn c|k| ‖psnjfgkim‑ nalimvgil& slh|fnsg{n ighsgkl n jgtil& |psgvfdg{nnkli{n{l{nag n psnāvsr{n{n fd|kl |t idne) KsŹg{n rl mvmhg n mr{g{n ilpsmtnsima4 {m dl|andlĈl psgtil n klag{lsndgfntnsgil kmanigbndl& naplsndgfil kmanigbndl pmvfgālidg)

‖Psnibnp pmr{mdn | ilvnkfdnvmr{n: idlhmvg |pm{slcg | ilpslkvnkfdnvmr{n) Psgtgin ansgi& mi inz{g il ānin) Rjsnvli& mi sgtm{jsnvg agil)_nkn rvl& g il vnkn rl& ā|dlrvl& g il ā|dl rl& rpmtigdl injgk mkhmil{i|{) RevgĈg hkdl hg hmvms emĈl mkvlr{n)Il anāl rl in{n andlidg& psm|āgvg n |rpmslė|dl: rvg{jm dl ig rvma adlr{|) Min iljma|inbnsgd|) Rvl dl | slk|) Psljsnvg {sghmvl n rjsnvg ntvmsl: indlkgi il vmkn kmidlhg) Psmhmin sgt|a& tgilags|dl rvgjn {gfli{: vgi kmevg{g dl rvmdne pmkginjg) ‖%Egi Oln [r|& [gm Psnibg& P|{ Hmrpmkgsg.

?<) Rvl naplsndgfil r{sg{lhndl& kgjfl jgjm rplj{gj|fgsig pmfgsntgbndg {ndlfg igpsnjfgkig mkr|r{vg& {gjm n {lsms jmdn rl ilpmp|r{fdnvm rpsmvmkn n mksŹgvg&igr{mdl mrnh|sg{n kg rl Naplsnd injgk il pmdgvn jgm {gjgv& kgjfl& jgm pgs{ndg) Mvg mrlc|dig vsr{g ansg& mvgd igms|Źgin ans jgsgj{lsnr{nāgi tgnaplsndgfin pmslkgj& {na dl vnzl tgh|zfdnv dls dl slt|f{g{ dlkimh {m{gfimh&indlamh n {sgdimh sg{g) \fmh igpgkg indl pmcndlkn{n | mkslėlima r|jmc|&iljm psndl mrnh|sg{n kg rl r|jmc il kmhmkn& kg rl kmhgėgd lfnaninsg ig



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rgama ntvms|& kg rl rpsndlān cnfm jgjvm ntcndgidl ni{litn{l{g | nhsn mcfnjg!Źnvm{g nt jmdl cn rl amhfm kmhmkn{n pmfn{nājm) Ynidlinbg kg rl inz{g il tcnvgdl vlĈ mhsmaig pmcdlkg tg Naplsnd) R|māli r ‖cnfm jgjvna ilpsndg{lfdla‑&r|māli r Naghnigsima pgs{ndma& idlhmvg dl r{sg{lhndg kg ‖tgandlin

kmhgėgd jmdn cn amhgm cn{n mkf|ā|d|Ĉn& gfn mr{gdl ilntvdlr{gi %{m dlr{4 cn{j|.rlsndma agfne gfn r{g{nr{nājn kmrfdlkine gjbndg jmdl& igr|psm{ {ma|& tmvlamil!cn{jg‑ %H|~ Csmrrmffl{& Lrrgn r|s fg imi!cg{gnffl& 7>8<).)

??) Naplsnd iga rl il r|psmr{gvfdg jgm r|cdlj{& r|ālfnbl& ilhm jgm anfdl jmdniga dl emr{nfgi)

L{njg hsgėgirjmh sg{g

Imvn mcfnj tgdlkinbl4 pm{vskn{n rl ig sg{inājn igāni) Nigāl k|emrfgcfd|dl) Injgjvn ‖vs{mvn‑ in ‖cdl`gidl mk agrg‑ inr| vnzl kmvmfdin)

Sg{ %gfn clt cgs|{g. alė| sgtfnān{na anrfnag' N idnemvna vmdrjgag'

Inl{trbel & Pmr{e|ain osghali{n

?8) Rvg {ndlfg jmdg il amh| nfn ilĈl mrfgcn{n rvmd mcfnj!Źnvm{g amsgd| rl r|mān{n rmvma ānidlinbma4 min r|& an ram pgsndl Naplsndg) Ilhkdl | igag |rgėlig

dl {g {mājg clrpmvsg{il ilpsmtnsimr{n& pmp|{ Jgnimvmh tigjg& jmdg nrp|idgvghsgėgil |Źgrma& gjm il n asŹidma) [m dl aginelntga Naplsndg4 r dlkil r{sgilcfnr{gvm imvm āmvdlāgir{vm& csnŹfdnvm slomsag{nsgim& psmtnsim n psmp|rimtg rvl tsgjl amĈn& nklgfim fnzlim nrj|r{vg& | mkr|r{v| n tgcmsgv| rganerlcl& rvl kmj il mcmfl mk sgjg) [m r| hsgėgin& hsgėgin Naplsndg) G mikg&{| ram an ) An inram r|cdlj{& in{n momsafdli li{n{l{& in{n aimz{vm) An& {m dgagrg rvdl{mvg& niosg!rplj{gj|fgsine& alė|psmr{msine rvdl{mvg& rvdl{mvgilpsnmpĈnvg pmr{mdgidg& rg{jgine mk rmfnkgsimr{n n ilr|hfgrdg | jmdl amĈ

il amŹl psmksndl{n: {| r| f|{gfnbl& rnsmagzin& tg{vmslinbn& fmpmvn& tfmānibn&f|ėgbn& plsvlstin& pmjvgslin& mkvlĈ Źnvn& pslpfgvfdlin& pmc|idlil {dlflrimr{n)\jsg{jm4 rvn min jmdn rl& rfndlklĈn rvmd| fnind| cndlhg& il igfgtl | afgjmd jfnannaplsndgfimh sgdg) An& {m dl osghali{nsgin pfgi jmitnr{libndl Naghnigsil pgs{ndl)

?5) Kmj hmk ram | jmi{gj{| r vfgr{n{na pm{libndgfma& āgj n gjm rgam anrfnamrvmdl nrj|r{vm& pslkr{gvfdgam mpgrimr{ | al{smpmfgag Naplsndg) An ram cnfm jgjgv ilpsndg{lfd & psm{nv jmdlh r| |radlslin rvn naplsndgfin knrpmtn{nvn n




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imsal) N mcsi|{m& āmvdlj slrrli{nali{g& ni{lflj{|gfgb& na|imklonbndli{in&e|aginr{& pgbndli{ {sgirpfgi{gbndl n il|sm{nāgs amklf r| hsgėginigNaplsndg) Mk idne Rl rvgjgjm ilag ālhg pfgzn{n) Tcmh rvmdne r| mjmfimr{nmvn hsgėgin psnvltgin tg rj|p vdlz{gājne |vdl{g {gjvne kg ne dlknim Naplsnd

amŹl mrnh|sg{n& cnfm jgjvg ksgag{nāig psmadlig | {na |vdl{nag tg idne cntigānfg ras{) Min r| smėlin jmfgcmsgbnminr{n) Il rgam kg amĈ psmŹnagidnemvg {ndlfg& ilhm {gjmėls n pmfnbndg) Mvgjgv mrgjgĈli Źnvm{ indl rgampmrfdlknbg igpsl{jg Naplsndg& ilhm n idlhmv pslk|vdl{) DlkigkŹcg hsgėgini1 ksm{ psmk|cfd|dl rl km jsgdg igp|jfnil | idnemvma {ndlf|)

?>) Rvl z{m Naplsnd {mflsnsg pmkdlkigjm dl ilkmr{g{im4 psmr{msn& sndlān& fd|cgvn&hfgvl n rsbg) Rvl r| {m maāl mjm vsg{g) Hkdl hmk kg nklam mjm igr rlrpmi{gim r{vgsg rgin{gsig {sgjg& mjgalidlimr{ pslpmtigdlam | pmhflk|n pmjsl{|) N igdagidg r{vgs dl kmvmfdig kg igr gilanāin hsgėgin Naplsndgnkli{nonbnsgd| jgm mr|aidnālil& jgm sntnāil knvnk|l) Ilpsljnkim bdlijgidl ilcnram fn mk|r{gfn mk ni{naimh mkimrg rg rmcma rgana jmdn iga Rl {mfnjmpsnhmvgsg) N tgpsgvm& ilĈlam rl |vndlj ksŹg{n mvgjm& | mvmd nta|ālimd |fmtn|i|{gsidlh kltls{lsg& r{sgibg& gpg{snkg& csnŹfdnvm rjsnvlimh emr{nrg)

80) Hsgėginag Naplsndg ilagam z{m slĈn4 tg {m cn {slcgfm kg nagam ilz{mtgdlkinājm r idnag) Z{m rl {nāl idne& ntcms dl dlkimr{gvgi4 nfn Ĉl kltls{nsg{n&psnks|Źn{n iga rl n pslp|r{n{n rl pmr{gdgid|& nfn Ĉl mr{g{n hkdl dlr| n r idnag Ĉlcn{n pmr{|pgim pm pmtig{ma psnibnp| emr{nfimr{n4 slk|jbndg n klhsgknsgidl)

87) Emr{nfimr{& jmdg | Naplsnd| |psgvfdg jgjm il!mkimrma pslag rlcn&{gjm n pmmpĈlina il!mkimrma alė| {ndlfnag& tg igr dl emr{nr) Rvl z{mpmj|zgvg nti|kn{n emr{nrg | igag {slcg cn{n |inz{lim) űlfna slĈn kg rgagrolsg emr{nfimr{n amsg cn{n slk|bnsgig)

83) Dlknin igāni kg rl rolsg emr{nfimr{n slk|bnsg dl znslidla l{nājm!pmfn{nājlkmalil psndg{lfdr{vg n ilpsndg{lfdr{vg: |psgvm tg{m {m Naplsnd| il |rpndlvg&|ig{mā rvna rvmdna {vskidgag kg dl tg ans) Pmr{gdgidl!r{vgsimaNaghnigsil pgs{ndl dlkimr{gvim dl omsansgidl& tgsgtim omsansgidl pfgigjmitnr{libndl | jmdla rl psndg{lfdr{vg n ilpsndg{lfdr{vg amh| rfmcmkim znsn{nn ānin{n rl alė|rmcim ān{fdnvnag)



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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82) Ghli{ Naghnigsil pgs{ndl dl migd {jm& hkdl hmk rl igfgtn& pmfgtlĈn mk vfgr{n{lpmtnbndl& m{pmānidl nfn rfndlkn psmblr l{nājl pmfgsntgbndl& knolslibndgfimhpsnrvgdgidg mcfnjg!Źnvm{g) Mvgd psmblr& {m dl {nww|i)

8;) [nww|i dl pmr{gdgidl!r{vgsina& pmr{gdgidl! psgj{nāina rvndl{g) [nww|idl psmblr jmdna rl rvl m{jsnvg jgm psgjrg& {m dlr{ kg tg|tnag adlr{m| vfgr{n{na hsginbgag& |i|{gs vfgr{n{mh nagili{imh tigālidg) [nww|itigān kg rl rvgjn āni& rvgjm pmigzgidl& rvgjg {vskidg mckgslinranrfma ! kgjfl āni& pmigzgidl n nrjgt jgm kmhgėgdn ! rpmi{gim |pnr|dl| vfgr{n{| al{gontnj|& vfgr{n{| tgdlkinb|& vfgr{n{| pgs{nd|) Hsgėgirjnsg{ dlkimr{gvim tigān kg dl rvndl{ psgjrg& n kg dl Źnvm{& n | igdrn{indlakl{gfd|& elsmnāgi)

8<) Pmsgt slvmf|bnmigsimh pmjsl{g indl rl kmhmknm& jgjm rl r{gfdninr{n |vndljŹgfl& tcmh ilkmr{g{jg dlknir{vg) Kmhmknm rl tcmh inrjl sgtnil sgtsgklhsgėgirjmh sg{g |i|{gs vfgr{n{ne slkmvg) Sgtmsgi |ānigj rnr{lag{rjljmio|tndl ntalė| emr{nrg n ilpsndg{lfdg dl mālvnkgi& jgjm | rmvdl{rjmd{sghlkndn& {gjm n | hs|p|rj|fgsimd jmalkndn)

Kg rl sgt|andlam4 Indl Naplsnd ilpsndg{lfd r jmdna cnram {slcgfn mkadlsgvg{nrighl& in{n r| ks|hl {liklibndl Naghnigsil pgs{ndl emr{nr jmdn {slcg lfnaninsg{n)Ilhm |psgvm mcsi|{m)

8?) Rvgjn mcfnj!Źnvm{g {lŹn rl |rpmr{gvn{n jgm tgdlkinbg& n rvgjg rl tgdlkinbg{lŹn |rpmr{gvn{n jgm rvndl{) Rvgjn rvndl{ jgk anrfn rlcl rgag ‒ kgjfl&jgk jgk rlcl revgĈg r{sg{lzjn | nhsn r ks|hna rvdl{mvnag ! m{jsnvg kgdl r{s|j{|snsgi pmrlcima al{gontnjma jmdg dl& vnzl ilhm rnr{la& dltnj&idlhmv dltnj) Jgk rvndl{ anrfn rlcl& pmr{gdl tgsgtgi4 mi tig l{emr jmdnimrn& n rvfgkgm dl& | rvma kdlfmjs|h|& |andlĈl knr{gibl)

88) Tg rvgjm {ndlfm& igdni{litnvindn rpmjmd % rîsîin{î. dl rfndlkn{n rvmd pmr{mdlĈnmcfnj!Źnvm{g rvl km jsgdg& rvl km {mājl | jmdmd fnindg sgr{g amĈn il pmāilmpgkg{n) Rvgjm {ndlfm Źlfn nrbspr{n rvmd mcfnj!Źnvm{g& mr{gvn{n hg as{vmhgntg rlcl) [gkg pslfgtn ig ks|hn) [gjm {ndlfm& esgidlim nrj|r{vma& pmr{gdlāvszĈl n h|zĈl) Gfn n hnpjndl4 ig|ānfm dl mrfmcmkn{n rl rvmh vfgr{n{mh fnjg)




37?

85) [gam hkdl dl cnm hmfn Źnvm{& iljg c|kl mcfnj!Źnvm{g) Cmflr{ n rfgcmr{ inr|mcmfdlidg hmfmh Źnvm{g | hlilsnājma ranrf|) [m r| mcmfdlidg jmdg pmhgėgd|igz dlknir{vlin mcfnj!Źnvm{g& n msjlr{snsgig r| jmi{sgknj{msina naplsg{nvnagnaplsndgfil pgbnonjgbndl) \rpndlam fn ig {lsli mcfnjg!Źnvm{g kmvlr{n rvl z{m

Rl psmhgidg | tc|id|d|Ĉn dltnj hmfmh Źnvm{g& pslmcsg{n{ Ĉlam cnmpmfn{nj|| pmfn{nj| sgknjgfil rnih|fgsimr{n) Amsgam pmimvim mranrfn{n alknbni|&nt|an{n dl jgm pmfn{nāj| alknbni| tgrimvgi| ig mcfnbnag!Źnvm{g)

8>) Pmk rgkgzidna mjmfimr{nag | Naplsnd|& l{nājm hs|pnsgidl amsg rl psl{vmsn{n| sg{in r{smd) Mcdlj{ sg{imh r{smdg indl sg{) \psgvm r|psm{im& sg{in r{smd‖amŹl vmkn{n sg{ dlknim pmk |vdl{ma kg nr{mkmcim r{vgsg ilz{m ks|hm&cgsla imvl ilmshgirjl ks|z{vlil mkimrl‑ %Klfl|tl!H|g{{gsn& Anffl pfg{lg|u .) Tg sgtfnj| mk vmdrjl nfn slvmf|bnmigsine mshgintgbndg& sg{in r{smdnag mkimr igkmp|il rpsga sg{g) Rpmrmcgi dl tg mogitnvil pmkvnhl namŹl |Ĉn | cn{j|: amŹl ilmhsginālim psncdlhnvg{n igrnfd|& gfn ilag pm{slc|tg {na kg cn vmknm pm{p|i Źnvm{)

50) Mvkdl rl pmr{gvfdg pn{gidl pmimvimh psnrvgdgidg igrnfdg jmdlhg r| igr&tgdlkim rg rvna ni{litnvina ntsgtnag Źnvm{g& cnmpmfn{nājl klamjsgbndl {gjmpm{p|im sgtvfgr{nfl) Pmāinam mrfmcgėgidla mk tgr{gsdlfl nkldl m ras{n jmdg|vndlj kmfgtn ig jsgd|& jgm jmigāig {mājg Źnvm{g) Ras{ dl rvgjmkilvig& migdl {sgdim ragidnvgidl igzl psnr|{imr{n jmdl rl kmhgėg dls ilagam righlpslp|r{n{n rl rvmdna rjfmimr{nag) Rvgjg cmsg n rvgjg cmflr{ dl iljg rjfmimr{jmd| ram ntilvdlsnfn& pmrfdlknbg ntkgdl rvmh mcfnjg!Źnvm{g) [m dl igzg r{vgsigras{& āndn dl mrimvin |tsmj igz ilkmr{g{gj righl& ntmfgbndg jmdg igr rpslāgvgkg |tvsg{nam |kgsgb amĈn& kg rl pslp|r{nam clt |vdlslidg kg Ĉlam {mamsg{n pfg{n{n) L{m tgz{m igzg {ndlfg mrdlĈgd| pm{slc| kg rl mj|pl | sg{in r{smd&dls dlknim {m igr ānin rpmrmcinag& mamh|Ĉ|dl iga kg `nvnam n cmsnam rl)

57) Nt mvmh dl dgrim kg | cnmpmfn{nājma ranrf| il pmr{mdn {gjm ilz{m jgm‖psnsmkig‑ ras{) Rvl ras{n r| igrnfil) Jgjm | lhtnr{libndgfima {gjmn | enr{msndrjma ranrf|) \ cnmpmfn{nājna klamjsgbndgag Naplsndg rvl dlrmbndgfntnsgim& n rvgjg dl ras{ |al{i|{g | rfmŹli| aslŹ| jg|tgfn{l{g jmdgmk idl ānin ks|z{vli| ras{& |amsr{vm: kgigr pmr{mdn rgam |amsr{vm&pmiljgk mr|ėlim& pmjg{jgk gailr{nsgim& nfn igdālzĈl tgindljgim) \ mvmd{mājn pn{gidl indl ānidlinbg |amsr{vg& ilhm jgjm rl mim kmhgėg)



Tlinājl rvlrjl

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53) Ynidlinbg indl inz{g& jgjm dl rvl) [m kg amsg cn{n jvgfnonbnsgig jgm ānidlinbg%kg cn cnfg ānidlinbg. kmvmfdgi dl kmjgt) Hlindgfimr{ Rplj{gjfg dl | {mal z{mdl psncgvnm amimpmf igk jvgfnonjgbndma& amimpmf igk nalimvgidla: {gjm|rpndlvg psmjsnd|aāgsn{n | rvmd| al{gontnj| n pm{|sn{n jgm ānidlinbl psmntvmkl

rvmdne fgŹine ni{lspsl{gbndg) Iljn āni ks|z{vlimh sg{g dl ‖{lsmsnr{nājn āni‑& kmjdl {lzjg ni{lsvlibndg IG[M!g& mkf|ālig ig igdpsmntvmfdindn amh|Ĉn igāni&mtigālig jgm ‖ansm{vmsig mplsgbndg‑) Agrmvim {smvgidl dl lpnklandg& g‖mkdlfnag vnrmjl rnh|simr{n‑ igtnvgd| rl igzn klamjsg{rjn tg{vmsn tg flhgfiga|ālidg) [nww|i dl& igr|psm{ {ma|& gjbndg vsgĈgidg igānig rvgjmd ānidlinbn&vsgĈgidg ānidlinbn idlimh jgjm& n ksŹgidg mvmh igānig tg idlim dlknim r{vgsim) Ras{ | kvmcmd|& fndlp g{li{g{& nfn pmrfdlkidg hlindgfig slālinbgnthmvmslig r pg{mrma cnfl cn kmvmfdil kg pmānr{l jsv n māmvdlāl mim tg z{mRL jgŹl kg dl vse|igb ilfd|krjmr{n ‒ |cmdr{vm) \ |cmdr{v| vnzl ilhm nhkdlks|hkdl ānidlinbg dl gprmscnsgig rvmdna igānima) Alė| ilpsndg{lfdnag& igpsnadls& ilĈl cn{n kmtvmfdlim vg{slim ms|Źdl)

52) Mvgd dl rvndl{ sgr{shgi ntalė| kvndl {liklibndl4 fncgimintgbndg nzvnbgsntgbndg) Mvl {liklibndl amh| jmlhtnr{nsg{n n andlidg{n rl mk tmilkm tmil) Tgpsgvm& mvl kvndl ignthflk r|psm{r{gvfdlil& g npgj slvlstncnfil{liklibndl pslkr{gvfdgd| kvg igānig m{jfgidgidg hsgėgirjmh sg{g) Jmigāim&inr| fn Fncgimi km 7>8;) tvgfn ‖Zvnbgsrjma Cfnrjmh Nr{mjg‑=

5;) \ pmr{gdgid|!r{vgsima Naghnigsil pgs{ndl& clt r|aidl Ĉlam ignĈn igmil dltnvl pgsgtn{l& psmolrnmigfil slvmf|bnmigsl) Ngjm r| igdfdlpzn {sli|{bnpsmzfmh klrl{fdlĈg pmhskim igtnvgin ‖hsgėgirjna sg{mvnag‑& min Ĉlrvldlkim | igag psmjgtnvg{n ‖jmirpnsgbnd| vfgkgd|Ĉl jfgrl kg rfmanslvmf|bnd| hsgėgirjna sg{ma‑ %Agsu& Hsgėgirjn sg{ | Osgib|rjmd .) An ilvdls|dlam | slvmf|bnd|& āgj vnzl vdls|dlam | ‖amflj|fgsil slvmf|bndl‑& grvna rsbla | sgtfnān{l igānil psnrvgdgidg hsgėgirjmh sg{g) Psmolrnmigfinslvmf|bnmigsn& jmdl idnemvl pmigvfdgil jg{gr{smol inpmz{m il mclresgcs|d|&mkage Ĉl igr mjflvl{g{n jgm knfl{gi{l& nfn ntkgdnbl Igzl r{vgsn) E{dl{ Ĉl mkigr kg anrfnam kg dl Naplsnd ilpsndg{lfd) \jgtg{ Ĉlam Idnemvmd Hf|pmr{n kgNaplsnd indl ilpsndg{lfd& ilhm emr{nr) Jmdn il {slcg pmcndlkn{n& ilhm |!inz{n{n:n gjm {slcg& | jmigāinbn& amŹlam {m n clt idnemvl Pgs{ndl& rfndlklĈn rgvdl{Bfg|rlxn{tg ig {la| igsmkimh sg{g) ‖Igsmkin |r{gigj {slcg cn{n aghfmvn{n il|evg{fdnv: inhkdl rl il cn ranm th|ri|{n | āvsr{m {ndlfm& nigāl ilpsndg{lfd




amŹl |radlsn{n kmvmfdil righl n sgtcn{n dlthsm {l |tl{n csmdil tg{vmslinjl)Jgk rl {m kmhmkn& igsmk Ĉl nth|cn{n esgcsmr{ {l& vdls|d|Ĉn kg dl nremk mkf|ālin kg r| kgfdidn igpmsn |tgf|kin& rp|r{n{n ms|Źdl) R ks|hl r{sgil& aghfg rl |iljna {mājgag amsg th|ri|{n& omsansg{n {gagi n psndl{lĈn mcfgj& nt jmdlh |

rvgjma āgr| amŹl rndlvi|{n a|idg) Mvl {mājl {slcgd| rl radlr{n{n r cmjgilpsndg{lfdrjmh agilvgsrjmh psmr{msg) %))). Il sgkn rl m {ma kg {slcg sgtcn{ndlthsm& ilhm hsnbjg{n pmvszni| n s|cmvl‑ %Bfg|rlxn{t& M sg{|.)

5<) Psl{emkin nrjgtn Źlfl igr |vlr{n | dlkim kmcg jmdla| rvl vnzl n vnzlpsndl{n ntiligkgi psmcmd slgfimr{n) L{njg hsgėgirjmh sg{g ntslālig ig mvnar{sginbgag kmcnfg dl dlkimh kgig nal Ilvnkfdnvn jman{l{ ) Mim mtigā|dlmkslėli| osgjbnd| Naghnigsil pgs{ndl& idlim slvmf|bnmigsim!ljrplsnali{gfimjsnfm) Igkgam rl kg Ĉlam mvna slkbnag ntcdlĈn igdv|fhgsindl c|kgfgz{niljmdl Ĉl rl nthmvgsg{n m igzna gj{nvimr{nag& jgm n m kmc| jmdl {lj pmānidl) Ilā|dl fn rl mvm pslkvnkfdnvm cscfdgidl vlĈ | slp|{gbndn lsl A|smagben ig jsgd|[mj|hgxg zmh|ig{g& jmdl dl dlkgi mk igzne ilpsndg{lfdg {gjm kmcsm mpnrgm4‖Mvm kmcg hsgėgirjne sg{mvg& rgana rvmdna pslvnsgidnag n ntcndgidlapsl{dlsgine tge{dlvg& pmjgtgfm rl jgm igdrfmcmkindl | pmvndlr{n Dgpgig)Hmanfg fd|kn rvne vsr{g tgcfdlri|fg dl | idmd) Tg{m rl nitnr{nsg ig ānidlinbn kgdl {m dlkimr{gvim cnfm igdigrnfindl mk rvne kmcg=‑

R osgib|rjmhg pslvlfg4 Anflig Mr{mdnq

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