uv moderated by ozone, clouds and aerosols ozone clouds aerosols f c ~ f o3 (1 – r) aerosols are...
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UV Moderated by Ozone, Clouds and Aerosols
Ozone
Clouds
Aerosols
Fc ~ FO3(1 – R)
ASeFF CG
ROeFF oO 3
3
Aerosols are still a major problem
Clouds are moderately well understood
TOMSAerosolIndex
TOMSCloud
Reflectivity
Ozone Distributionvs. Time and Latitude
1979 - 2001
Southern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere
Ozone Distribution vs Latitude (1979 to 2001)
Simulation of UV and Visible Channel Views of the Same Smoke Event
August 16, 2000
TOMS UV
SeaWiFS Visible
Note Impact on Air Quality in the southeast
UV is reduced by the presenceOf aerosols
TOMS derived aerosols are visible over bright surfaces
0m
200m
20m
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Wavelength (nm)
Pu
re W
ate
r A
bs
orp
tio
n C
oe
ffic
ien
t (m
-1)
Quikenden and IrvinInterpolationPope and Fry
Clouds
Aerosols
Ozone
WIND
Pure Ocean Water AbsorptionQuickenden & IrvinPope & Fry
Influence of UV on Ocean Productivity
NOAA, NASA
Underwater 310 nm UV Irradiance at 5-meter Depth Compared to the UV Irradiance on the Ocean Surface
January
UV and Skin Cancer (Scientific American)
4/100,000 High
1.5/100,000 Low
Females
Males
Melanoma of the SkinCancer Mortality Rates
Data Source: NIH
Neisseria meningitidis (produces an endotoxin which causes the illness and is a gram positive diplococci), which has an incubation time of 2 to 10 days before symptoms are noted.
African Meningitis Belt with 1999 Disease IncidenceNumbers in boxes: 21,2 = 21,000 cases and 2000 deaths
Clients
WHONIH
SeaWiFS - VisibleTOMS - UV
Dust Seen in UV and VisibleFrom TOMS and SeaWiFS
UV observations see the dust over all surfaces, while visible observations are best over the darker water.
Dust is an indirect cause of meningitis outbreaks