UTILIZATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN

HORTICULTURAL PLANTS

Máthé Ákos, D.Sc.Máthé Ákos, D.Sc.

Main areas of research

1/ Introduction/domestication of medicinal plants, as an indirect method of ex situ preservation of the genetic resources of medicinal plants,

2/ Flowering phenological studies on woody fruit crops, as a tool for the characterization of biodiversity of fruit crops,

3/ In vitro micropropagation of horticultural species and cultivars, as a biotechnological tool in both plant propagation and ex situ preservation.

Environment

Principles in the study of the biodiversity of medicinal and

aromatic plants

Physical

Biological

Phenological

Geographical

Genetic

Differentiation

Variance

Variance

Environment

Dry matterProduction

Active substanceaccumulation

VegetativeOrgans

GenerativeOrgans

Totalquantity

Composition

Total Active PrincipleProduction

ProductivityProductivity

Distribution of Adonis vernalis L. and Convallaria majalis L.

populations in Hungary

Population

Total glycosides (%)

Variations in the glycoside composition of Hungarian

Convallaria majalis L. populations

III - I

Index V =

I + II + III

Index of Flowering used in the phenological

investigations

I = II = III =

Cultivars used in the flowering phenological

studies

List of cultivars used in the flowering phenological studies

Növényfaj Fajta A kisérlethelye és éve

Alma(Malus domestica L.)

'Golden Delicious', 'Granny Smith', 'Duncan Red Delicious', 'Mutsu', 'Red Winesap','Redspur Delicious', 'Watson Jonathan`.

Pallag, Tamási,Gut,1988 és 1990

Körte(Pyrus communis L.)

'Beurre d'Anjou', 'Beurre Durondeau', 'Bosc kobak', 'Bosc Typ. B', Clapp kedveltje,'Conference', 'General Leclerck', 'Guyot Gyula', 'Nemes Krasszán', 'Packham'sTriumph', 'Vilmos 8.13.', 'Vilmos Körte', 'Williams Bon Chretien', 'Társulatiesperes'

Nagykanizsa,1984 - 1990

Cseresznye(Prunus avium L.)

'Bigarreau Reverchon', 'Chinook', 'Germersdorfi', 'Lambert', 'Sam', 'Tardif deVignola', 'Van', 'Venus', 'Victor'

Érd, 1972-1973,Enying, 1987

Meggy(Prunus cerasus L.)

'Pándy meggy-10-1', 'Pándy meggy-13-1', 'Pándy meggy-48', 'Pándy meggy-279','Cigány-meggy-3', 'Cigány-meggy-7', 'Cigány-meggy-215', 'Cigány-meggy-1317','Paraszt meggy'.

Érd, 1972-1973Balatonújhely,1989

Kajszibarck(Prunus armeniaca L.)

'Alfred', 'Bergeron', 'Bleuril', 'Cafona', 'Canino', 'Castleton', 'Chinese', 'Early Devinty','Farmingdale', 'Perfection', 'Polonais', 'Rouge de Roussilon', 'Rouge de Fournes','Royal', 'Screara', 'Stella', 'Sun Glo', 'Viceroy'.

Balatonfőkajár,Enying,1984 - 1986

Őszibarack(Prunus persica L.)

- Friss fogyasztásra termelt fajták: 'Early Redhaven', 'Redhaven', 'Springold','Springtime', 'Springcrest', 'Robin', 'Redwing', 'Redtop', 'Michelini'.- Konzervipari fajták: 'Babygold 5', 'Babygold 6', 'Babygold 7', 'Loadel', 'Sudanell','Shasta', ' Vesuvio'.- "Nektarin"-fajták: 'Flavortop', 'Red June', 'Redchief', 'La Fayette', 'Pocahontas','Stark Sunglow', 'Nectared 4', 'Nectared 6', 'Independence', 'Nectaheart', 'SilverLode', 'Nectarose', Fuzador', 'Fantasia', Morton'.

Balatonújhely,1982 - 1984

Európai Szilvák(Prunus domestica L.)

'Besztercei Bt. 2', 'Bluefre', 'Cacanska Najbolja', 'Cambridge Gage', 'Czar','Debreceni Muskotály', 'Early Besztercei', 'Early Italian', 'Early Laxton', 'Italianprune', 'Krikon', 'Ontario', 'Pozegaca', 'President', 'Prune d'Agen', 'Reine Claude deBavay', 'Stanley', 'Richards Early Italian', 'Ruth Gerstetter', 'Tuleu Timpuriu','Victoria'

Siófok,1982 - 1985,Csány,1984 - 1986

Kinai és Japán Szilvák(Prunus salicina Lindl.)

'Burbank', 'Duarte', 'Elephant', 'Methley', 'Santa Rosa', 'Shiro'. Siófok,1982 - 1986

Paprika(Capsicum annuum L.)

'Hatvani hajtató', 'California wonder', 'Soroksári hajtató' Budapest,1987

Kamilla(Chamomilla recutitaRausch.)

'BK-2', 'H-29' Weihenstephan,(NSZK),1979

Flowering sequence of plum cultivars (1982 - 1985)

Cultivar 1982 1983 1984 1985 4 years mean

FinalSequence

CV%

Ontario 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

Grower’sLateVictoria 4 2 3 2 3 2 30.1

President 3 3 2 3 3 2 15.7

Bluefre 2 4 5 4 4 3 29.0

Early Italian 7 7 4 5 6 4 22.5

Richard’sEarlyItalian 5 5 7 6 6 4 14.4

Italian Blue 6 6 6 7 6 4 6.9

Stanley 8 8 9 8 8 5 5.2

Besztercei Bt.2

9 9 8 9 9 6 4.9

Effect of light intensity and day length on the course of flowering

in Capsicum annuum L. cultivars

Main applications of the Flowering Index

1. Characterization of the course of flowering of species and cultivars,

2. Comparison of the flowering of plant individuals, populations, species, cultivars, etc.

= Identification of simultaneously flowering cultivars to be used as pollen donor cultivars,

= To facilitate agricultural plant protection activity at the period of flowering,

= Data are suitable to be included in the data-banks of plant collections, gene banks, etc.

= Application in production biological studiesto characterize the phenophase of flowering,etc.

In vitro micropropagation as a means of biodiversity

utilization

Species and cultivars of the in vitro experiments:

Apple (Malus domestica L.) cv. Granny Smith, cv. Julyred, cv. Mutsu, cv. Spur Golden DeliciousWatermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) Diploid cultivars, cv. Baladi, cv. Chilean black, cv. Crimson Sweet, cv. Szigetcsépi. Triploid cultivar: cv. ErwynPeppermint (Mentha piperita L. ) cv. Mitcham

Some observations obtained in the in vitro studies with Malus

domestica L. cultivars

1. Study of the in vitro morphogenesis of cultivarsimplies the study of the true diversity’ of cultivars

2. Shoot proliferation: differences among cultivarscould be detected in the course of the entire in vitromorfogenesis,

3. Surface sterilization: HgCl2 has proved to be mostefficient at a rate of 0,5 %, with four cultivars,

4. Efficient elimination of the browning of the nutrientmedium by

= passages. = dark-treatment, = hormone-free medium, = activated charcoal (AC).

In vitro shoot proliferation of apple

Shoot length

Shoot length (cm)

Shoot number (pieces)

Shoot lengthShoot number

Effect of growth regulators on the in vitro proliferation of apple

cultivars

Note: mean values from the subculture No. 5.

Shoot length (cm)

S u b c u l t u r e s

Shoot growth during long term in vitro storage of apple

(Malus domestica L.)

Induction of Adventitous Root Formation in Apple

Solid medium:– cv. Julyred (ca. 90 %):

1/2 MS + 1 mg/L BA + 0,1 mg/l BA + 2 g/l AC,

– cv. Mutsu (86 %)

1/2 MS + 2 mg/L IVS,

– cv. Spur Golden Delicious (15 %):

1/2 MS + 1 mg/L IVS,

– cv. Granny Smith (ca. 0 %)

Kis explant.Nagy explant.

+NES -NES +NES -NES

1 mg/L BA

2.5 mg/L BA

5 mg/L BA

0

5

10

15

20

25

Small explant.Large explant.

Shoot number (db)

Proliferation capacity of triploid watermelon

(Citrullus lanatus cv. Erwyn)

M e d i u m New shoot/explant.

Shoot length/explant.

1. Control = MS 2.83 ± 0.22 3.4 ± 0.17

2. MS + 0.1 BA + 0.1 IBA 2.90 ± 0.24 4.7 ± 0.29

3. MS + 0.1 BA + 0.1 IBA + 1 g/l AC 1.60 ± 0.15 5.6 ± 0.26

4. MS + 0.1 BA + 0.5 IBA 3.10 ± 0.22 5.3 ± 0.24

5. MS + 0.1 BA + 0.5 IBA + 1 g/l AC 1.90 ± 0.18 4.0 ± 0.25

6. MS + 0.5 BA + 0.1 IBA 8.56 ± 0.64 6.1 ± 0.32

7. MS + 0.5 BA + 0.1 IBA + 1 g/l AC 2.43 ± 0.28 3.9 ± 0.18

8. MS + 1.0 BA + 0.1 IBA 12.8 ± 0.87 6.8 ± 0.53

9. MS + 1.0 BA + 0.1 IBA + 1 g/l AC 1.93 ± 0.22 4.6 ± 0.28

10. MS + 1.0 BA + 0.5 IBA 4.97 ± 0.74 3.2 ± 0.22

11. MS + 1 BA + 0.5 IBA + 1 g/l AC 1.56 ± 0.12 6.3 ± 0.29

12. MS + 1.0 BA + 1.0 IBA 6.63 ± 0.71 5.5 ± 0.55

13. MS + 1.0 BA + 1.0 IBA + 1 g/l AC 1.56 ± 0.14 4.5 ± 0.41

Effect of exogenous growth regulators on the in vitro shoot proliferation of Mentha piperita

L. cv. Mitcham

Biodiversity is the basis for theenvironmental health of our Planet and the source of economic and food security for future generations

Mr. Edouard SaoumaDirector General of FAO

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