utilities infrastructure session 301b eu utility … · 2015-08-30 · utilities infrastructure...

APPA Institute – Session 301B EU © GLHN Architects & Engineers, Inc.

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Utilities InfrastructureSession 301B EUUtility Master Planning

APPA Institute for

Facilities Management

Bill Nelson PE

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Purpose of Today’s Presentation

• Share ideas in utility planning & energy management--from the supply side to the demand side

• To present a clear methodology that will aid Facility Officers in developing a long range strategic plan for all utility systems on campus

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• To leave with one or two new approaches to utility management

• Provide some useful sizing guides

Purpose of Today’s Presentation

• Explore in detail the history, purpose, and capacities of various utility systems


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AgendaFirst 2 Hours

• Utility Systems Background

• Introduction– Purpose of a Utility Development Plan (UDP)

– Why a UDP

– Value of a UDP

• Foundation Work– Who can prepare a UDP

– Identifying the utilities

– Selling the need to administration

– Identifying funding sources

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Agenda (cont.)

• Stage 3: Finalization of the UDP– Refining the chosen strategy

• Stage 1: Problem Definition– Collecting initial data

– Prioritizing existing deficiencies

– Identifying alternative strategies

• Stage 2: Development of Strategies– Performing interactive analysis

– Performing economic analysis

– Comparing strategies

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Words of WisdomWords of Wisdom

Some days you are the bug, some days you are the windshield


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Agenda


• Introduction– Purpose of a Utility Development Plan (UDP)

– Why a UDP

– Value of a UDP





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Purpose of a UDP

• Its purpose is to establish an effective methodology which identifies, prioritizes, and defines the cost for the current and future needs of all utilities to the year 2035

• A UDP is a comprehensive, long range, strategic plan encompassing all campus utilities. It is a companion to the Campus Master Plan

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Develop a strategic utility infrastructure plan for the Facility that will support the growth objectives

defined by the Campus Master Plan and correct existing deficiencies. The utility infrastructure

renewal and system expansions are to be financed through reinvestment of utility operating funds

generated by efficiency improvements and utility cost avoidance, and by direct capital investment of

remote utility infrastructure fees associated with capital building construction and renovation.

Vision Statement


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Why a UDP?

• Catalogs capacity of existing utility system

• Identifies deficiencies by systems• Prioritizes needs in planning time frames• Identifies cost of corrective actions• Plans for the future• Accommodates change• Opens communication

• slow change can…

• Gets you organized

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Frog Story

Slow Change Will Kill You!

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Value of a UDP

• Provides corrective actions to support your master plan

• Documents a collaborative process

• Provides ready reference for funding

• Establishes a roadmap for reaching goals and objectives

• Compels critical utility information to be compiled, organized, and accessible


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Agenda• Introduction

– Purpose of a Utility Development Plan (UDP)

– Why a UDP

– Value of a UDP






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Getto

Work

ScheduleUDP

Process

SelectConsultant

IdentifyPlanningFunds

PickUtilities

The Utility Development Plan

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

How to Get Started

EstablishLeadershipTeam

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Who Needs to Participate

• Physical plant and facility personnel

• Business office personnel

• Consultant - 50/50 - 80/20 - ?

Leadership Team:


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Leadership Team

• Facility Team Members– Facilities design and maintenance

personnel

– Energy management personnel

– Central plant director and lead operators

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Leadership Team (cont’d)

• Administration Team Members– Planning personnel

– Campus Architect

– Vice President of Finance

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Leadership Team (cont.)

• Consultant Team Members– Mechanical engineers (P.E.)

– Energy management engineers (C.E.M.)

– Electrical engineers (P.E.)

– Economic analysts (M.B.A.)

– Technical writer

– LEED Design Professional– UArk


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Leadership Team

University of ArkansasDesign and UtilitiesAssociate Director

Scott Turley

GLHN Architects & EngineersMechanical Engineering

PrincipalBill Nelson

Staff

Electrical ShopFrank Graham

Central UtilitiesRamon Roessler

HVAC ShopLee Ferguson

Economic AnalysisJim Kreutzmann

MechanicalHenry Johnstone

ElectricalRoger Harwell

CivilJohn McGann

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Selling the Need to Administration

• Tell a convincing story (write a good memo/letter)

• Indicate magnitude of overall utility investment

• Quantify annual operating costs

• Identify funding schemes

• Communicate your chosen process

• Use their language

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NewImprove RemodelPurchase

Utility Upgrades

CapitalInvestment

UtilitySaving

Implementing Funding


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What does a UDP Cost?

• Cost Range– $20,000 to $320,000

– $.03/sf to $.30/sf

• Cost Considerations– Breakdown who is doing what -

Facilities/Consultant

– Which utilities included in plan

– Level of documentation

– Size of campus

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Select Consultants

• Qualification Based Selection– Past experience in UDP

– Proven methodology

– Team commitment

– References--check them

– Overall chemistry

– Price

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1-6 months 2 - 6 months .2 months

Assemble Leadership Team

Initial Data Collection Meeting 1

Secure Funding

Convince Boss

Identify Utilities

Write Scope of Professional Services

As-Built Drawings

Current Capacity

Interviews - Operators Consult - Utility Co.

Future Campus Growth

Consultant Selection

Scope Definition

Schedule


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.2-4 months . 1 - 3 months

Iterative Model Corrective Action Diagram

Meeting 3

Fuel Sources

Cost Estimating

Component Phase-Out

Growth Plan

Site Plans by Time Frame

Summary of Cost

Meeting 2

Schedule

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Agenda• Introduction

– Purpose of a Utility Development Plan (UDP)

– Why a UDP

– Value of a UDP






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FIRE ALARM

Utility Background


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Water

Potable Water

DI Water

Non Potable

Irrigation

Fire Protection

Drainage

Sanitary Sewer

Storm Drain

Rain Water Collection

Electrical

Normal Power

Emergency Power

Exterior Lighting

HVAC

Chilled Water

Steam

High Temperature

Hot Water

Natural Gas

Instrument or Control

Air

Information

Telephone

Fire Alarm

Security

Cable TV

CCTV

LAN or ENET

EMCS

Utility Groupings

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Water Systems

• Fire Production

• Non Potable

• Irrigation

• Potable Water Supply

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Water Systems:Potable Water Supply

• Underground aqueducts were in use in ancient Mesopotamia, but the aqueducts that supplied water to ancient Rome are the most famous.

History


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• Nine aqueducts were built in Rome, providing some 150,000 cu m (38 million gal) of water each day. Parts of several are still in use, supplying water to fountains in Rome.

History (cont.)

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• Provide reliable, high quality domestic water system

• General Arrangement

Purpose

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• American Water Works Association (AWWA)

• International Plumbing Code (IPC)• Local Department of Environmental

Quality (DEQ)• United States Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA)• Safe Drinking Water Act

Codes & Regulations


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• Materials & Equipment

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• Capacity

– maximum fixture units based on UPC Chart A-2, Appendix A

– 13 fixture units per 40 people based on UPC Table 4-1 and Table 6-4

– occupancy based on 1 person per 100 SF average

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Water Systems: Fire Protection

• History


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• Purpose– To provide a reliable, adequate supply

of quality water for firefighting needs.

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Post Indication Valve

Main

Fire Department Check Valve

Hose

Alarm Valve with Reducing Trim

Sprinkler Heads

Water Motor Gong

Fire Hydrant



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Codes & Regulations

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)


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• Materials & Equipment

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Drainage Systems

• Sanitary Sewer

• Storm Drain (Steve B.)

• Rain Water Collection

STORM DRAIN

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Drainage Systems: Sanitary Sewer

“Sanitation has its history, its archeology, its literature, and its science. Most religions concern themselves with it, sociology includes it within its sphere, and its study is imperative to social ethics. Some knowledge of psychology is necessary to understand its development and retardation, an esthetic sense is required for its full appreciation, and economics determine, to a large degree, its growth and extent…. Whoever, indeed, would study this subject with a knowledge worthy of its magnitude must consider it from all angles and with a … wealth of learning.”

Reginald Reynolds

HURRICANES ARE BAD___________________


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Drainage Systems:Sanitary Sewer

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

• State Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)

• Building Officials and Code Administrators

Codes & Regulations

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Drainage Systems:Sanitary Sewer

• PVC

• High Density Polyethylene

• Vitrified Clay Pipe

• Forced mains-ductile iron

Materials & Equipment

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Electrical Systems

• Emergency Power– Life Safety

– Critical

– Equipment

• Exterior Lighting– Building

– Parking Areas

– Streets

Electrical Distribution

• Normal Power– Incoming Feeders

– Distribution


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461844

Samuel Morse invents lead

sheathed cables used in underground

telegraph circuits.

1870’s 1882

First true electric distribution system for home lighting &

general use invented by Thomas Edison.

Arc lighting invented. 2000V overhead wires used

for series connected streetlights.

Electrical Systems: Normal Power

• History

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Westinghouse uses overhead wires to create the first AC

distribution system.

1886 1907

First high voltage AC network grid installed.

Underground distribution

developed for voltages up to 5kV.

Electrical Systems:Normal Power

• History (cont.)

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• History (cont.)

1922

First high voltage circuit breakers introduced for

isolation of network transformers.

1921 1925

Six networks operating at a total of 27.5 MVA.

Automatic network protectors for high voltage AC network

systems are created.



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300 companies use high voltage network systems.

Today1952

Eighty-two companies

operate 4,000 networks.

Future

Long distance power transmission lines made of composites are proposed.


• History (cont.)

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UNDERGROUND HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION

This chart is intended to be used for obtaining an initial estimate of required pipe size and cost. Actual system design must be based on values obtained specifically for the project. Total installed cost per linear ft. of buried supply & return (2 pipes) piping. Price includes trenching, insulation, fittings, backfill & moderate amounts of surfacing repairs. For total project cost add A-E fees, testing, escalations, contingencies, etc.

Ampacities shown are from the National Electrical Code, and are for underground ductbank, concrete encased, minimum 3 ducts. Multiple loop ampacities are reduced per the National Electrical Code. Cable is single conductor, shielded, 100% insulation level high voltage cable. Each duct contains 3 h.v. cables and a ground conductor sized per NEC.

A manhole every 500 feet.

Power factor is assumed to be 0.9.

For radial systems, building area power usage is estimated at 5 W/ft2.

For loop systems, building area power usage is estimated at 3 W/ft2 (central plant loads not included).

Cost does not include high voltage switch at each point of use ($15,000 each).

This chart is intended to be used for obtaining an initial estimate of required system sizes and cost. Actual system design must be based on values obtained specifically for the project. For total project cost add A-E fees, testing, escalation, contingencies, etc.

MW(1000 ft2)

[A]

PowerAreaAmpacity

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• Fire Alarm• Security-Card Key• Cable TV• Closed Circuit TV• Institutional LAN or ENET• Energy Management Control System

Information Systems V.D.V.

Data Links

Telephone Communication

• Telephone


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V.D.V.

• Dorm room of the future

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HVAC System

• Steam and condensate

• High temperature hot water

• Natural gas

Chilled Water

• Chilled water

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HVAC System: Chilled Water

History

• 1907--Willis Carrier installed first air conditioning (temperature and humidity) in a Brooklyn printing plant which provided a stable environment for four color printing

• Carrier was earning a salary of $10/week at the Buffalo Forge Co.


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551100 B.C. to Early 1800’s

Ice houses store harvested natural ice

for warm-weather comforts.

1848 1851

Patent number 8080 is approved.

John Gorrie makes

astounding discovery.


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Vapor compression refrigeration &

ammonia sulfur dioxide ice machines

introduced.

1882 1890’s

Refrigeration systems available to businesses &

wealthy home owners.

Tesla & Westinghouse

invent the electric fan.

HVAC System: Chilled Water• History (cont.)

571895

Audiffren-Singrun refrigerating machine

patented and produced.

1904 1920’s

Movie houses implement air-conditioning which results in

an economic boom.

Public debut of comfort cooling at the St. Louis

World’s Fair.

1907

Willis Carrier successfully incorporates cooling and

dehumidifying.


• History (cont.)


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581930’s

Portable console type air-conditioning designed for home

owners.

1950’s 1970’s

The energy crisis causes use of

air-conditioning to decline.

Architects begin to design homes to accommodate

air-conditioning.


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Advent of scroll compressor.

Future

• Improvements in electronics will allow temperature control via phone lines.

• New microprocessor-based controllers will improve energy efficiency

• Sterling-based refrigeration systems being designed

• History (cont.)


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Purpose• To provide an

effective media to collect thermal energy and reject it at a central point



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Chilled Water System

Cooling Tower

Chillers

Air Handler

Pumps & Piping

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Codes & Regulations• ASME

• ASTM

• ASHRAE

• AHRI

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CHILLED WATER PIPING CAPACITY TONS(1000 ft2)

CapacityArea

GPM’s were selected to maintain water velocities (V) below 10 fps, and pressure drop (f) below 1’/100’ for large size pipes. The GPM values for smaller size pipes were selected to maintain water velocities below 7 fps, and pressure drop below 4’/100’. The velocities and friction drop values are according to Cameron. (C=100).

1000’s of gross sq. ft. of building are figured at 300 GSF/ton, I.e. (10,500) indicates that approximately 10,500,000 GSF can be air-conditioned with 35,000 tons. For heavy research areas use 220 GSF/ton.


HP values to pump the water through 1000’ return calculated using:

HP = GPM x TDH TDH = 2000 x f3940 x 7.5 100


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• Steam used to produce useful work in Greece as early as 200 B.C.

HVAC System: Steam and Condensate

• 1st commercially successful steam engine used to pump water in England in 1698

• Babcock and Wilcox developed first water tube boiler in 1867

• 1st commercial operation at supercritical pressure in 1957

History

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History of Steam• 200 BC-Hero of Alexandria

•Steam Toy

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History of Steam• 200 BC-Hero of Alexandria

•Steam Wheel


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History of Steam• 1759 James Watt

•Father of Thermodynamics

•First Mechanical Engineer

•Used pressure rather than vacuum

•Discovered latent energy for heating

•Patent for steam engine in 1759

•Began engine production

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History of Steam• 1769 Cognot’s Locomotive

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History of Steam• 1804-John Steven’s Twin Screw Engine


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History of Steam• 1896 Compound Turbines Drive Turbinia

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HVAC System:Steam and Condensate

• For example, to:

– generate electricity

– create thrust

– control climate by heating air

Purpose• To convert internal energy of

steam into useful power or heat

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Boiler Feed Pumps Condensate Pumps

Deaerator

Condensate Tank

Boiler

Building


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Codes & Regulations

• ABMA

• ASTM

• ASME

• ASHRAE

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STEAM SYSTEM PIPING CAPACITY 1000 lb/hr(1000 ft2)

[HP]

Steam QuantityAreaFeedwater Pump HP


Building SQFT values are based on 60 Btuh/sqft peak average combined load (building heat and domestic hot water). For winter lows below +25 F: at 0 F multiply building SQFT by 0.8, at -20 F multiply building SQFT by 0.6.

Steam lines are sized to approximately 10,000 ft/min.

Condensate lines are sized to approximately yield pressure drops less than 2’/100’.

Prices shown are construction cost for a direct buried dual conduit piping system.

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NATURAL GAS PIPING CAPACITY


Building SQFT values are based on 75 Btuh/ft2 peak average combined load (building Heat and domestic hot water), and 80% combustion efficiency. For winter lows below +15 F: at 0 F multiply building SQFT by 0.8, at -20 F multiply building SQFT by 0.6.

Steam QuantityAreaFeedwater Pump HP

1000 lb/hr(1000 ft2)

[HP]

Numbers shown are calculated for a nominal 100ft run of pipe. The energy delivered to the system may be estimated at 1040 Btu/CF. Therefore, a capacity of 20,000 CF cor-responds to (20,000 CF)*(1040 Btu/CF), or 20,800,000 Btu.

The cost to provide a boiler or other heating equipment to a stand-alone (no steam) building is approximately $2-$4 per square foot of building area.

This chart is intended to be used for obtaining an initial estimate of required system sizes and cost. Actual system design must be based on values obtained specifically for the project. For total project cost add A-E fees, testing, escalation, contingencies, etc.


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Agenda (cont.)Stage 1: Problem Definition

Collecting initial data

Prioritizing existing deficiencies

Identifying alternative strategies

Stage 2: Development of StrategiesPerforming interactive analysis

Performing economic analysis

Comparing strategies

Stage 3: Finalization of the UDPRefining strategy

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Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

The UDP Process

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The UDP Process

• Stage One: Problem Definition

• Stage Two: Development of Strategies

• Stage Three: Final Utility Development Plan


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Stage OneProblem Definition


Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

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Stage One - Problem Definition

INITIAL DATACOLLECTION

AS-BUILTDRAWINGS

EXISTING CAMPUS LOADS

OPERATORINTERVIEW

FUTURE CAMPUS GROWTH

CURRENTCAPACITY

CONSULTWITH UTILITYPROVIDERS

PREPARE SYSTEMSCHEMATICS/ SITE

PLANS

IDENTIFYALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

PRIORITIZEEXISTING

DEFICIENCIES

QUANTIFYGROWTH IMPACTS

PRODUCTIONSYSTEM

DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM

ESTABLISH CRITERIA:GOALS

OBJECTIVESRESOURCE

CONSIDERATIONS

MANAGEMENT TEAM MEETING 1

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Initial Data Collection

• Clarify ownership of system components

• Review of as-built drawings- site plans, diagrams

• Identify existing loads & capacity-metering– Distribution systems

– On site production


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Initial Data Collection

• Interview with operation and maintenance personnel

• Review facility master plan to 2020-identify future growth

• Prepare rudimentary system diagrams & site plans

• Utility rate schedule, past bills- E.U.P.

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UDP: Stage One Management Team Meeting

One to two day meetingProblem Definition Phase

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Management Team Meeting 1Problem Definition

• For Each Utility System– Prioritize Existing Deficiencies

– Quantify Growth Impact

– Identify Alternative Target Strategies

– Establish Rating Criteria• Purpose • Vision

• Process Goals • Objectives

• Outcome Goals • Resource Considerations

• Interactive Day Long Event


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AGENDA (cont.)• Stage 1: Problem Definition

– Collecting initial data

– Prioritizing existing deficiencies

– Identifying alternative strategies

• Stage 2: Development of Strategies– Performing iterative analysis

– Performing economic analysis

– Comparing strategies

• Stage 3: Finalization of the UDP– Refining strategy

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Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage TwoDevelopment of Strategies

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STAGE ONEDATA

ITERATIVEANALYSIS &

MODEL

FUEL SOURCE

MODEL SYSTEMDYNAMICS

COSTESTIMATING

COMPONENTPHASE-OUT

PLAN

SCHEDULEDCAMPUS GROWTH

ECONOMICANALYSIS

COMPARISONOF STRATEGIES

RATIONALEFOR

SELECTION

LIFE CYCLECOST

GOALSOBJECTIVESRESOURCE

CONSIDERATIONS

MANAGEMENT TEAM MEETING 2

UDP: Stage Two -Strategy Development


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Iterative Analysis

• Verify annual operating & maintenance cost by utility system

• Create dynamic model or system matrices

• Identify available fuel sources

• Best available technology in each area

• Review stage 1- update:– Drawings and diagrams

– Narrative descriptions of target strategies

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Iterative Analysis

• Turn the crank– Technical analysis

– Economic analysis

• Indicate viable strategies

• Create comparison matrices

• Develop growth plan– Establish planning horizons: within 5,10, &

20 years

• Devise component phase out plan - exit strategies

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UDP: Stage Two -Development of Strategies

One day meetingStrategy Comparison


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Management Team Meeting 2Comparison of Strategies

• Compare each utility system strategy– Process goals

– Outcome goals

– Objectives

– Resource consideration• People

• Economic ranking

• Revisit the overall vision for the infrastructure

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Management Team Meeting 2Comparison of Strategies

• Rationale for final strategy selectionFor each utility:

– Documented and detailed narrative

– Objective criteria

– Subjective criteria

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Agenda (cont.)Stage 1: Problem Definition

Collecting initial data

Prioritizing existing deficiencies

Identifying alternative strategies

Stage 2: Development of StrategiesPerforming interactive analysis

Performing economic analysis

Comparing strategies

Stage 3: Finalization of the UDPRefining strategy


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Stage Three Strategy Refinement


Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

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UDP: Stage Three -Final Utility Development Plan

STAGE TWORESULTS

DESCRIPTIONOF CORRECTIVE

ACTIONS BYUTILITY SYSTEM

CORRECTIVEACTIONS SEQUENCING

DIAGRAM

SUMMARY OFESTIMATED COSTSFOR EACH UTILITY

SYSTEM

SITE PLANSBY TIMEFRAME

SIGNIFICANTOPERATIONAL

CONSIDERATIONS

ELECTRONICCOPIES OF THE

UDP

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Strategy Refinement

• Prepare Stage Three Draft Report

• Review stage 2- update:– Selected strategies narratives

– Drawings and site plans

• Recap selected strategies for each utility:– Significant operational considerations

– Site plans by time frames

– Description of corrective actions

– Corrective actions sequencing diagrams

– Summary of estimated costs


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UDP: Stage Three--Final Presentation

Half day meetingFinal UDP

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Management Team Meeting 3Final Utility Development Plan

• Revisions to Draft Report

• Present integrated cost summary matrix for all utilities by planning time frame

• Next steps– Follow-up with administration to identify

funding sources

– Programming

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Questions?Bill Nelson , [email protected]