using brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides lydia clayton, donn thill, and...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
225 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal
extracts as bioherbicides
Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal
extracts as bioherbicides
Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra
University of Idaho
Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra
University of Idaho
![Page 2: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OutlineOutline
• Background• Introduction to Brassicaceae seed meals• Justification• Greenhouse seed meal extract study
• Background• Introduction to Brassicaceae seed meals• Justification• Greenhouse seed meal extract study
![Page 3: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Research at UIResearch at UI
Interdisciplinary research for obtaining • EPA registration• Use patents for Brassicaceae seed meals
(yellow mustard and oriental mustard) and their extracts involving soil, weed, entomology, and plant breeding sciences
Interdisciplinary research for obtaining • EPA registration• Use patents for Brassicaceae seed meals
(yellow mustard and oriental mustard) and their extracts involving soil, weed, entomology, and plant breeding sciences
![Page 4: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
% of farmed acres in US certified organic
![Page 5: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Number of organicacres farmed per state
![Page 6: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Organic Farming Research Foundation, www.ofrf.org
![Page 7: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
MustardRapeseed
CanolaBroccoli
Cauliflower Kale
MustardRapeseed
CanolaBroccoli
Cauliflower Kale
Brassicaceae cropsBrassicaceae crops
Morra, 2007; Univ. of Idaho
![Page 8: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biological & Agricultural Engineering
![Page 9: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
28 – 40%28 – 40%
![Page 10: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
o
CH2OH
S C
N OSO3-
R
OH
OH
HO
Glucosinolate
> 120
Morra, 2007; Univ. of Idaho
![Page 12: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
o
CH2OH
S C
N OSO3-
R
OH
OH
HO
IntroductionIntroduction
Glucosinolates- enzymatically
degrade into 2° compounds
- water soluble anions
Glucosinolates- enzymatically
degrade into 2° compounds
- water soluble anions
+ H2O
+ H2O
Enzyme(myrosinase)
Enzyme(myrosinase)
Glucosinolate
![Page 13: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
IntroductionIntroduction
–Yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) 4-hydroxy-benzyl (~148 μ mol/g)Ionic thiocyanate (SCN )ˉ (~165 μ mol/g)
–Canola (Brassica napus L.) 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl, etc.Various breakdown products (~17 μ mol/g)
–Yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) 4-hydroxy-benzyl (~148 μ mol/g)Ionic thiocyanate (SCN )ˉ (~165 μ mol/g)
–Canola (Brassica napus L.) 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl, etc.Various breakdown products (~17 μ mol/g)
![Page 14: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Justification and ObjectivesJustification and Objectives• Management of weeds one of the most
expensive and troublesome aspects of organic agricultural production
• Greenhouse study designed to analyze water extracts of yellow mustard seed meal as an effective weed management tool
• Management of weeds one of the most expensive and troublesome aspects of organic agricultural production
• Greenhouse study designed to analyze water extracts of yellow mustard seed meal as an effective weed management tool
![Page 15: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Extraction Experiment
![Page 16: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Factorial design with 6 doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mt/ha) and 8 treatments:
- water alone preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST)
- dry seed meal PRE - dry seed meal POST - extract alone PRE- extract plus organic surfactant (OS) POST- extract plus nonionic synthetic surfactant (NIS) POST - water plus OS POST, and water plus NIS POST
• Factorial design with 6 doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mt/ha) and 8 treatments:
- water alone preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST)
- dry seed meal PRE - dry seed meal POST - extract alone PRE- extract plus organic surfactant (OS) POST- extract plus nonionic synthetic surfactant (NIS) POST - water plus OS POST, and water plus NIS POST
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
![Page 17: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• ‘Yaya’ carrot, common lambsquarters, ‘Baronet’ lettuce, and ‘Cabernet’ spring wheat seeded in rows at 20 seeds/flat
• Seed meal applied 3 days after seeding for PRE and at 2 leaf stage for POST treatments
• Biomass collected 18 DAT for PRE and POST treatments
• ‘Yaya’ carrot, common lambsquarters, ‘Baronet’ lettuce, and ‘Cabernet’ spring wheat seeded in rows at 20 seeds/flat
• Seed meal applied 3 days after seeding for PRE and at 2 leaf stage for POST treatments
• Biomass collected 18 DAT for PRE and POST treatments
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
2 lf stage for POST treatments
![Page 18: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Statistical analysis Statistical analysis -carrot, common lambsquarters, lettuce -carrot, common lambsquarters, lettuce
and wheat biomass and wheat biomass • SAS version 9.1SAS version 9.1
-Non-linear regression techniques-Non-linear regression techniques
• Statistical analysis Statistical analysis -carrot, common lambsquarters, lettuce -carrot, common lambsquarters, lettuce
and wheat biomass and wheat biomass • SAS version 9.1SAS version 9.1
-Non-linear regression techniques-Non-linear regression techniques
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
![Page 19: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Exponential regression model for biomass analysis
Exponential regression model for biomass analysis
Y = A*exp(-B*rate)
A - intercept-biomass at a dose = 0
B - rate of change-slope of line between seed meal and
seed meal extract doses
Y = A*exp(-B*rate)
A - intercept-biomass at a dose = 0
B - rate of change-slope of line between seed meal and
seed meal extract doses
![Page 20: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Yellow mustard seed meal extractionYellow mustard seed meal extraction
![Page 21: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Spinning!Spinning!
Hydrolyzed seed meal being poured into GE extractor
Hydrolyzed seed meal being poured into GE extractor
Yellow mustard seed meal extraction
Yellow mustard seed meal extraction
![Page 22: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ExtractExtract
Yellow mustard seed meal extraction
Yellow mustard seed meal extraction
![Page 23: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ExtractExtract
Yellow mustard seed meal extraction
Yellow mustard seed meal extraction
![Page 24: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Carrot biomass by treatment as a percent of control
Carrot biomass by treatment as a percent of control
Extract plus synthetic surfactantExtract plus organic surfactantExtract alone
Dry seed meal pre - emergenceDry Seed meal post - emergence
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.5 1 2 3 4
Dose of yellow mustard seed meal, mt/ha
Biom
ass,
% o
f ave
rage
con
trol
![Page 25: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Extract plus OS
Water alone; 3 mt/ha; 14 DAT
Extract plus NIS
Seed meal alone
![Page 26: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
GR50 for seed meal and extract treatments on carrot
GR50 for seed meal and extract treatments on carrot
Treatment GR50
------------ mt/ha ------------
Dry Seed Meal (PRE) 15.5
Dry Seed Meal (POST) 8.5
Extract 7.5
Extract plus NIS 6
Extract plus OS 2.5
![Page 27: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.5 1 2 3 4
Dose of yellow mustard seed meal, mt/ha
Biom
ass,
% o
f ave
rage
con
trol
Common lambsquarters biomass by treatment as a percent of control
Common lambsquarters biomass by treatment as a percent of control
Extract plus synthetic surfactantExtract plus organic surfactantExtract alone
Dry seed meal pre - emergenceDry Seed meal post - emergence
![Page 28: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Seed meal alone
Water alone; 4 mt/ha; 14 DAT
Extract plus OS Extract plus NIS
![Page 29: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
GR50 for seed meal and extract treatments on common lambsquarters
GR50 for seed meal and extract treatments on common lambsquarters
Treatment GR50
------------ mt/ha ------------
Dry Seed Meal (PRE) 0.7
Dry Seed Meal (POST) 2
Extract 1.5
Extract plus NIS 0.3
Extract plus OS 0.5
![Page 30: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.5 1 2 3 4
Dose of yellow mustard seed meal, mt/ha
Biom
ass,
% o
f ave
rage
con
trol
Lettuce biomass by treatment as a percent of control
Lettuce biomass by treatment as a percent of control
Extract plus synthetic surfactantExtract plus organic surfactantExtract alone
Dry seed meal pre - emergenceDry Seed meal post - emergence
![Page 31: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Water alone; 2 mt/ha; 14 DAT
Seed meal alone
Extract plus OS Extract plus NIS
![Page 32: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
GR50 for seed meal and extract treatments on lettuce
GR50 for seed meal and extract treatments on lettuce
Treatment GR50
------------ mt/ha ------------
Dry Seed Meal (PRE) 16
Dry Seed Meal (POST) 4
Extract 3.5
Extract plus NIS 1.2
Extract plus OS 1.4
![Page 33: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Spring wheat biomass by treatment as a percent of control
Spring wheat biomass by treatment as a percent of control
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.5 1 2 3 4
Dose of yellow mustard seed meal, mt/ha
Biom
ass,
% o
f ave
rage
con
trol
Extract plus synthetic surfactantExtract plus organic surfactantExtract alone
Dry seed meal pre - emergenceDry Seed meal post - emergence
![Page 34: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Water alone; 4 mt/ha; 14 DAT
Extract plus OS Extract plus NIS
Seed meal alone
![Page 35: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
GR50 for seed meal and extract treatments on spring wheat
GR50 for seed meal and extract treatments on spring wheat
Treatment GR50
------------ mt/ha ------------
Dry Seed Meal (PRE) 4.4
Dry Seed Meal (POST) 12.4
Extract 6.4
Extract plus NIS 1.8
Extract plus OS 2.1
![Page 36: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SummarySummary
Carrot Common lambsquarters Lettuce Spring
wheat
Treatment ---------------- GR50, mt/ha ---------------
Dry Seed Meal (PRE) 15.5 0.7 16 4.4
Dry Seed Meal (POST) 8.5 2 4 12.4
Extract 7.5 1.5 3.5 6.4
Extract plus NIS 6 0.3 1.2 1.8
Extract plus OS 2.5 0.5 1.4 2.1
![Page 37: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
![Page 38: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
SummarySummarySummarySummaryThe University of Idaho is continuing to The University of Idaho is continuing to explore novel uses of Brassicaceae seed meals explore novel uses of Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal byproducts, for biopesticides and seed meal byproducts, for biopesticides and other uses.and other uses.
![Page 39: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• Dr. Thill• Dr. Morra• Dr. Price• Vladimir Borek• USDA - National Research Initiative (NRI)
Competitive Grants Program
• Dr. Thill• Dr. Morra• Dr. Price• Vladimir Borek• USDA - National Research Initiative (NRI)
Competitive Grants Program
![Page 40: Using Brassicaceae seed meals and seed meal extracts as bioherbicides Lydia Clayton, Donn Thill, and Matt Morra University of Idaho Lydia Clayton, Donn](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649d4e5503460f94a2d796/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
QuestionsQuestions