USING APPLIED SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGY

BY HOWARD HENDERSON

CHAPTER 2

AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY

DEFINITION OF AGRISCIENCE

• IT IS THE USE OF SCIENCE IN PRODUCING FOOD, FIBER AND SHELTER

• APPLIED SCIENCE ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHAT SHOULD I DO?” WHAT CHEMICAL TO USE

• BASIC SCIENCE ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHY DOES IT DO WHAT IT DOES?” EX. WHY CHEMICAL WORKS

TECHNOLOGY

• PRACTICAL USE OF SCIENCE-USUALLY INCREASES FOOD PRODUCTION

• DEVELOPMENT OF BST IN DAIRY TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF MILK ONE COW WILL PRODUCE *ADVANTAGE - LESS COWS NEEDED *DISADVANTAGE - LESS DAIRY FARMERS NEEDED

LEADERSHIP AND TECHNOLOGY

• AGRISCIENTISTS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OFTEN MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT WILL BE AVAILABLE

• EXAMPLE WOULD BE IN THE US MONSANTO DEVELOPED A SOYBEAN THAT PRODUCES STERILE SEED;THEY DECIDED NOT TO PUT IT ON THE MARKET

FOUR AREAS OF SCIENCE

• MATHEMATICS - WEIGHT TO BUY AND SELL A PRODUCT; LAND SURVEYING

• PHSICAL SCIENCE - NONLIVING MATTER EARTH SCIENCE/CHEMISTY/PHYSICS EXAMPLE ACCURATE WEATHER/FERTILIZER/LOADING RAMPS

FOUR AREAS CONT.

• LIFE SCIENCE - STUDY OF LIVING THINGS INCLUDES BOTONY AND ZOOLOGY

• WAYS TO MAKE PLANTS AND ANIMALS GROW BETTER

• SOCIAL SCIENCE -BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE: WHY PEOPLE RESPOND AS THEY DO TO FOOD

AGRONOMY

• DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF PLANTS AND HOW THEY RELATE TO THE SOIL

• PURPOSE IS TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTION AND CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCES

HORTICULTURE

• SCIENCE OF GROWING FRUITS,NUTS AND VEGETABLES

• ALSO INCLUDES FLOWERS AND ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS AND VINES

FORESTRY

• SCIENCE OF GROWING AND USING FORESTS

• TWO TYPES OF FORESTS : CULTURED - TREES ARE PLANTED AND CARED FOR

• NATIVE - TREES THAT GROW WILD;USUALLY A MIXTURE OF TYPES

ENTOMOLOGY

• BRANCH OF ZOOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH INSECTS AND RELATED SMALL ANIMALS

• INCLUDES BENEFICIAL INSECTS -HONEYBEE

• HARMFUL INSECTS - CORN BORERS

ANIMAL SCIENCE

• AREA OF AGRISCIENCE DEALING WITH THE PRODUCTION OF ANIMALS FOR FOOD

• ANIMALS USED FOR MEAT INCLUDE CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP, GOATS, BISON, EMUS AND LLAMAS

POULTRY SCIENCE

• AREA DEALING WITH RAISING CHICKENS AND RELATED FOWL(BIRDS)

• MOST IMPORTANT - CHICKENS

• OTHERS INCLUDE - TURKEYS, DUCKS, GEESE, PHEASANTS, QUAIL, AND GUINEA

AQUACULTURE

• IS THE SCIENCE OF WATER FARMING

• DEALS WITH BOTH AQUATIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS

• EXAMPLES OF PLANTS - WATER CHESTNUTS AND WATER CRESS

• EXAMPLES OF ANIMALS - TROUT AND ALLIGATORS

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

• INVOLVES WAYS OF WISELY USING AND PROTECTING THE THINGS AROUND US

• EMPHASIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE INCLUDE THE AIR, SOIL, WATER, WILDLIFE, NATIVE PLANTS AND MINERALS

MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY

• INVOLVES THE USE OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT TO DO WORK

• EXAMPLES ARE DEVELOPING : TRACTORS, GREENHOUSES, PONDS, HARVESTING EQUIPMENT,ETC.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

• FIVE IMPORTANT STEPS

• STEP ONE : IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM EXAMPLE - TOO MUCH BACKFAT IN LOCAL PIGS USED FOR SLAUGHTER

• STEP TWO : GET INFORMATION EXAMPLE - COLLECT DATA FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSES IN AREA

SCIENTIFIC METHODCONT.

• STEP 3: SUGGEST AN ANSWER EXAMPLE - USE A SUPERIOR BOAR ON AREA SOW HERDS

• STEP 4 : EXPERIMENT

• EXAMPLE - FEED OUT OFFSPRING AND COMPARE CUT OUT DATA

• STEP 5 : FORM CONCLUSIONS EXAMPLE - NEED TO USE NEW GENETICS IN OUR AREA

RESEARCH

• AGRISCIENCE RESEARCH IS CARRIED OUT BY LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITIES, AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES, AGRIBUSINESSES AND OTHER GROUPS

• A FEW FARMS DO RESEARCH

NEW AREAS OF AGRISCIENCE

• BIOTECHNOLOGY

• GENETIC ENGINEERING

• REMOTE SENSING

• LASER TECHNOLGY

• COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

• RADIATION

BIOTECHNOLOGY

• EXAMPLES OF BIOTECH :

• DEVELOPING VACCINES

• PRODUCTS THAT WILL CAUSE LIVESTOCK TO PRODUCE MORE MEAT ON LESS FOOD

• DEVELOPING BACTERIA THAT WILL CONSUME WASTES

GENETIC ENGINEERING

• DEVELOP CROPS THAT ARE INSECT RESISTANCE

• DEVELOP A TOMATO THAT IS ROT RESISTANCE

• DEVELOP A CROP PLANT THAT KILLS THE WEEDS AROUND THEM

REMOTE SENSING

• INVOLVES GATHERING AND RECORDING DATA FROM A GREAT DISTANCE

• WEATHER INFORMATION

• RESOURCE LOCATION

• CROP PESTS

• PROTECTING NATURAL RESOURCES

LASER TECHNOLOGY

• A DEVICE THAT PRODUCES A SPECIAL KIND OF LIGHT

• LAND FORMING

• MONITORING PROCESSES

• SCANNING - SUPERMARKETS

COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

• USING COMPUTERS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN AGRISCIENCE

• DESIGNING FACILITIES

• DEVELOPING PRODUCTS

• MODELING NATURAL RESOURCES

RADIATION

• USE OF RADIATION

• PREVENTING SPOILAGE OF FOOD BY KILLING BACTERIA THAT MAY BE ON OR IN A FOOD PRODUCT

• KEEPING INSECTS OUT OF STORED FOOD

ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITHAGRI/TECHNOLOGY

• FOOD SAFETY

• POLLUTION

• CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES

• HUMAN RIGHTS : EXAMPLE - FOOD PRODUCTS SHOULD NOT BE IMPORTED FROM A NATION WHERE PESTICIDES ARE BEING USED IMPROPERLY