Using APA Style ManualUsing APA Style Manualfor Scholarly Publishingfor Scholarly Publishing

Presented by Betty McNealPresented by Betty McNeal

B.S.; J.D.; M.L.S.B.S.; J.D.; M.L.S.

Director of Information ServicesDirector of Information Services

UNLV International Gaming InstituteUNLV International Gaming Institute

Today’s GoalsToday’s Goals

Understand style manualsUnderstand style manuals Cover basics of APA manualCover basics of APA manual Explore electronic citation formsExplore electronic citation forms Develop strategies for publishing successDevelop strategies for publishing success

Publication Manual of the American Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5Psychological Association, 5thth edition edition

Sequence of chapters – idea to finished Sequence of chapters – idea to finished manuscriptmanuscript

Decimal divisions within chaptersDecimal divisions within chapters Samples and examples/pp. 232-281Samples and examples/pp. 232-281

Style ManualsStyle Manuals

The Chicago Manual of StyleThe Chicago Manual of Style MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly

PublishingPublishing U. S. Government Style ManualU. S. Government Style Manual

Chicago vs. APAChicago vs. APA

ChicagoChicago– Footnotes styleFootnotes style

– BibliographyBibliography

– Book length ms.Book length ms.

– Author-date styleAuthor-date style

– Excessive rulesExcessive rules

APAAPA– Author-date styleAuthor-date style

– Article length ms.Article length ms.

– Economy of spaceEconomy of space

– ConvenientConvenient

Subject Style ManualsSubject Style Manuals

The Bluebook: A Uniform System of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of CitationCitation

AIP Style Manual (physics)AIP Style Manual (physics) ACS Style Manual (chemistry)ACS Style Manual (chemistry) American Medical Association Manual of American Medical Association Manual of

StyleStyle The AMA Style Guide for Business WritingThe AMA Style Guide for Business Writing

Style Manual RationaleStyle Manual Rationale

Ensure complete documentationEnsure complete documentation Set standards of uniformitySet standards of uniformity Give proper credit to sourcesGive proper credit to sources

Style Manual CaveatsStyle Manual Caveats

Lots of variations and exceptionsLots of variations and exceptions Can’t cover every situationCan’t cover every situation Electronic citation standards still evolvingElectronic citation standards still evolving

Style Manual ContentsStyle Manual Contents

Designing and reporting researchDesigning and reporting research Writing styleWriting style Editorial styleEditorial style Use of statistics, tables, figuresUse of statistics, tables, figures Correct citation formsCorrect citation forms Manuscript preparation and submissionManuscript preparation and submission Proofreading, editing, indexingProofreading, editing, indexing

Major use is for CitationMajor use is for Citation

Text Citation for immediate referenceText Citation for immediate reference Complete Citation in Reference List at the Complete Citation in Reference List at the

endend Emphasis on form, detail, exactnessEmphasis on form, detail, exactness Consistency countsConsistency counts

In-Text CitationsIn-Text Citations

Author(s) and year onlyAuthor(s) and year only Full citation in Reference List Full citation in Reference List Parentheses & punctuationParentheses & punctuation

– In a recent study of reaction times (Jones, In a recent study of reaction times (Jones, 2000) compared…2000) compared…

– Jones (2002) compared reaction times…Jones (2002) compared reaction times…

2 Authors: In-Text citation2 Authors: In-Text citation

Jones and Bones (1997) studied…Jones and Bones (1997) studied… In a recent study (Jones & Bones, 1997) In a recent study (Jones & Bones, 1997)

concluded…concluded…

3-5 Authors: In-Text citation3-5 Authors: In-Text citation

Smith, Jones, Brown, Green and Gray Smith, Jones, Brown, Green and Gray (1994) proved…(1994) proved…

Smith, et al. (1994) proved…Smith, et al. (1994) proved…– Must distinguish between first cite and Must distinguish between first cite and

subsequent cites in the textsubsequent cites in the text It has been proved (Smith, et al., 1994)…It has been proved (Smith, et al., 1994)…

– Use of et al., in parenthesesUse of et al., in parentheses

Several authors, same ( ): In-TextSeveral authors, same ( ): In-Text

(Edeline & Weinberger, 1991, 1993)(Edeline & Weinberger, 1991, 1993)

(Balda, 1980; Kamil, 1988; & Smith, 2002)(Balda, 1980; Kamil, 1988; & Smith, 2002)

(Johnson, 1991a, 1991b; & Singh, 1983, in (Johnson, 1991a, 1991b; & Singh, 1983, in press)press)

* 6 or more authors, use first author with et al. * 6 or more authors, use first author with et al. for all in-text cites, not just the firstfor all in-text cites, not just the first

Group Author: In-TextGroup Author: In-Text

(Pacific Asia Travel Association, 1999)(Pacific Asia Travel Association, 1999)

(National Institute of Mental Health (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1987)[NIMH], 1987)

– (NIMH, 1987)(NIMH, 1987)

Direct quote in textDirect quote in text

Jones (2001, p. 64) predicted that “profits Jones (2001, p. 64) predicted that “profits will decrease for the next five years”.will decrease for the next five years”.

– Must use quotation marks and page number.Must use quotation marks and page number.

No author: In-TextNo author: In-Text

Use the first few words from the title and Use the first few words from the title and add the date, quotes in ( )add the date, quotes in ( )

– Actual title: New hotel college for UNLV Actual title: New hotel college for UNLV next year. (2002).next year. (2002).

– Cite in text as: (“New Hotel College,” 2002)Cite in text as: (“New Hotel College,” 2002)……

Personal communication: In-TextPersonal communication: In-Text

T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)18, 2001)

– Examples: letters, e-mail, interviews, phone Examples: letters, e-mail, interviews, phone calls, conversationscalls, conversations

– Do not add personal communications to Do not add personal communications to Reference ListReference List

In-Text citation - SummaryIn-Text citation - Summary

Author-date styleAuthor-date style Brief info in parenthesesBrief info in parentheses Comma between author,date within ( )Comma between author,date within ( ) Form varies with placement in sentenceForm varies with placement in sentence

Reference List Reference List

Not a bibliographyNot a bibliography Full citationsFull citations Identifies item with bibliographic elements Identifies item with bibliographic elements

in specified orderin specified order Special punctuation, italics and Special punctuation, italics and

capitalizationcapitalization

Each Reference List EntryEach Reference List Entry

Series of Identifying StatementsSeries of Identifying Statements Author (name, initials, type of authorship)Author (name, initials, type of authorship) Date (year, sometimes month, day)Date (year, sometimes month, day) Title (title, edition)Title (title, edition) Overall source (periodicals, excerpts)Overall source (periodicals, excerpts) Availability (city, publisher, Internet URL)Availability (city, publisher, Internet URL)

Reference List OrderReference List Order

Alphabetical order by authorAlphabetical order by author

– Letter by letter: Brown, J. R. precedes Letter by letter: Brown, J. R. precedes Browning, A. R.Browning, A. R.

– Mc and Mac: MacArthur precedes Mc and Mac: MacArthur precedes McAllisterMcAllister

Reference List Order: Same Reference List Order: Same AuthorAuthor

Hewlett, L. S. (1996).Hewlett, L. S. (1996). Hewlett, L. S. (1999a).Hewlett, L. S. (1999a). Hewlett, L. S. (1999b).Hewlett, L. S. (1999b).

Allen, R. L. (2001).Allen, R. L. (2001). Allen, R. L., & Evans, A. J. (1999).Allen, R. L., & Evans, A. J. (1999).

Reference List Order: Same First Reference List Order: Same First AuthorAuthor

Gosling, J. R., Jerald, K., & Belfar, S. F. Gosling, J. R., Jerald, K., & Belfar, S. F. (2000)(2000)

Gosling, J. R., & Tevlin, D. F. (1996)Gosling, J. R., & Tevlin, D. F. (1996)

Reference List Order: Same Last Reference List Order: Same Last NameName

Mathur, A. L., & Wallston, J. (1999).Mathur, A. L., & Wallston, J. (1999).

Mathur, S. E., & Ahlers, R. J. (1998).Mathur, S. E., & Ahlers, R. J. (1998).

Reference List: Publisher InfoReference List: Publisher Info

Publisher’s LocationPublisher’s Location– Use city and state (or province) and country if Use city and state (or province) and country if

needed for clarity [New Castle, PA; Chichester, needed for clarity [New Castle, PA; Chichester, England; Calgary, Alberta, Canada]England; Calgary, Alberta, Canada]

– 13 stand-alone cities. No state or country needed (e. 13 stand-alone cities. No state or country needed (e. g., New York, Chicago, London, Paris, Tokyo, g., New York, Chicago, London, Paris, Tokyo, Rome, Boston, etc.)Rome, Boston, etc.)

Publisher’s Name – Option to eliminate: “and Publisher’s Name – Option to eliminate: “and Co., and Sons, Publishers”, etc.Co., and Sons, Publishers”, etc.

Authors in Reference ListAuthors in Reference List

AuthorAuthor Co-authorsCo-authors EditorEditor CompilerCompiler GroupGroup OrganizationOrganization Single name author/InitialsSingle name author/Initials

Group AuthorsGroup Authors

CorporationCorporation Government agencyGovernment agency Association/organizationAssociation/organization InstituteInstitute Committee/commissionCommittee/commission Conference Conference

Reference List: PeriodicalsReference List: Periodicals

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Title of

Periodical, xxxPeriodical, xxx(xx), xxx-xxx.(xx), xxx-xxx.

Periodical: Sample CitationPeriodical: Sample Citation

Lam, T., Zhang, H., & Baum, T. (2001). An Lam, T., Zhang, H., & Baum, T. (2001). An investigation of employee’s job investigation of employee’s job

satisfaction: The case of hotels in Hong satisfaction: The case of hotels in Hong Kong. Kong. Tourism Management, 22Tourism Management, 22(2), (2), 157-165.157-165.

Reference List: BooksReference List: Books

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). C. (year). Title of bookTitle of book (edition (edition

abbreviated in parentheses). abbreviated in parentheses). Publisher’s location: Publisher’s name.Publisher’s location: Publisher’s name.

Sample book citationSample book citation

Buglear, J. (2000). Buglear, J. (2000). Stats to go: A guide to Stats to go: A guide to statistics for hospitality, leisure and statistics for hospitality, leisure and tourism.tourism. Oxford, England: Oxford, England:

Butterworth-Butterworth- Heinemann.Heinemann.

Sample book citationsSample book citations

Powers, T. Powers, T. Marketing hospitality Marketing hospitality (2(2ndnd ed.). ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Carmouche, R., & Kelly, N. (1995). Carmouche, R., & Kelly, N. (1995). BehaviouralBehavioural studies in hospitality studies in hospitality managementmanagement. London: Chapman & Hall.. London: Chapman & Hall.

Book ExcerptBook Excerpt

Author, A. (year). Title of chapter, article or Author, A. (year). Title of chapter, article or excerpt. In A. Editor & B. Editor excerpt. In A. Editor & B. Editor

(Eds.), (Eds.), Title of bookTitle of book (pp. xxx-xxx). (pp. xxx-xxx). Publisher’s Publisher’s location: Publisher’s name.location: Publisher’s name.

Book Excerpt SampleBook Excerpt Sample

Daft, R. (1985). Why I recommended that Daft, R. (1985). Why I recommended that your manuscript be rejected and what your manuscript be rejected and what you can do about it. In L. Cummings you can do about it. In L. Cummings

& & P. Frost (Eds.), P. Frost (Eds.), Publishing in the Publishing in the organizational sciencesorganizational sciences (pp. 193-210). (pp. 193-210).

Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.

Reference List: Online Reference List: Online PublicationPublication

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2000). Title of article. C. (2000). Title of article. Title of Title of Periodical, xxPeriodical, xx, xxx-xxx. Retrieved , xxx-xxx. Retrieved month day, year, from source.month day, year, from source.

Online Publication SampleOnline Publication Sample

Prabhu, S. (1996). Challenges for hospitality Prabhu, S. (1996). Challenges for hospitality and tourism operators: A North American and tourism operators: A North American perspective. perspective. International Journal of International Journal of

Contemporary Hospitality Management, Contemporary Hospitality Management, 88(7), (7), 52-62. Retrieved March 4, 2002 from 52-62. Retrieved March 4, 2002 from http://cherubino.emeraldinsight.com/vl=152http://cherubino.emeraldinsight.com/vl=15243752/cl=44/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/43752/cl=44/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/

09596119/v8n7/s6/p5209596119/v8n7/s6/p52

We have just covered the basic We have just covered the basic formulasformulas

Formulas work most of the time if you remember Formulas work most of the time if you remember theirtheir basic concepts.basic concepts.

Slight variations can sometimes be intuitedSlight variations can sometimes be intuited– Periodical=journal, magazine, newspaper, newsletter, Periodical=journal, magazine, newspaper, newsletter,

annualannual– Book=book, monograph, brochure, report, non-Book=book, monograph, brochure, report, non-

periodicalperiodical– Book excerpt=chapter, article, section in an edited or Book excerpt=chapter, article, section in an edited or

compiled workcompiled work– Online=Online journal, Internet article, online Online=Online journal, Internet article, online

newsletter, etc.newsletter, etc.

What if…?What if…?

The book is really a dissertation?The book is really a dissertation? The book has no author?The book has no author? The online journal is an electronic version The online journal is an electronic version

of a print journal?of a print journal? The journal article has been accepted but The journal article has been accepted but

not yet published?not yet published? The work is foreign and a translator is The work is foreign and a translator is

listed?listed?

Periodical:Non-English TitlePeriodical:Non-English Title

Author, A. (year). Original title [English Author, A. (year). Original title [English title in brackets]. title in brackets]. Title of Periodical, Title of Periodical, xx(xx(xx),xx), xxx-xxx.xxx-xxx.

Periodical: MagazinePeriodical: Magazine

Time, Newsweek, Architectural Digest, etc.Time, Newsweek, Architectural Digest, etc.

Author, A., (year, month and date). Title of Author, A., (year, month and date). Title of article. article. Title of MagazineTitle of Magazine, Volume, , Volume, Pages.Pages.

If no author, begin with article title, then If no author, begin with article title, then date, then magazine title, etc.date, then magazine title, etc.

Periodical: Magazine SupplementPeriodical: Magazine Supplement

APA example may not fit your materialAPA example may not fit your material Give supplement no. in ( ) immediately Give supplement no. in ( ) immediately

after volume.after volume. What if supplement has its own name?What if supplement has its own name?

Taucer, V. (2000, February). Voodoo in Taucer, V. (2000, February). Voodoo in table games operations. table games operations. Indian Indian

Gaming Business, Gaming Business, 22. [Quarterly 22. [Quarterly supplement to supplement to IGWBIGWB]]

Periodical: Entire issuePeriodical: Entire issue

Applies also to special section of journalApplies also to special section of journal Give editor’s nameGive editor’s name McKee, J. (Ed.). (2000). World of slots McKee, J. (Ed.). (2000). World of slots

2000 [Special issue]. 2000 [Special issue]. Casino Journal, Casino Journal, 1313(10).(10).

Periodical: Monograph bound Periodical: Monograph bound into a journalinto a journal

Include Monograph in bracketsInclude Monograph in brackets

Ganster, D. C. (1991). The nomological Ganster, D. C. (1991). The nomological validity of Type A personality among validity of Type A personality among employed adults [Monograph]. employed adults [Monograph].

Journal Journal of Applied Psychology, 76of Applied Psychology, 76, 143-, 143-168.168.

Periodical: No AuthorPeriodical: No Author

Charting the projections: 1992-2005. (1995, Charting the projections: 1992-2005. (1995, Fall). Fall). Occupational Outlook Occupational Outlook

Quarterly, Quarterly, 1-27.1-27.

Periodical: Letter to the editorPeriodical: Letter to the editor

Berkowitz, A. D. (2000, November 24). Berkowitz, A. D. (2000, November 24). How to tackle the problem of student How to tackle the problem of student drinking [Letter to the editor]. drinking [Letter to the editor]. The The Chronicle of Higher EducationChronicle of Higher Education, p. , p. B20.B20.

DissertationDissertation

Different forms depending on what source Different forms depending on what source you usedyou used

Mann, S. H. (1969). A mathematical theory Mann, S. H. (1969). A mathematical theory for the exploitation and control of for the exploitation and control of biological populations. biological populations. Dissertation Dissertation Abstracts InternationalAbstracts International. 30(09), . 30(09),

3599B. 3599B. (UMI No. 7005121)(UMI No. 7005121)

Dissertation, style 2Dissertation, style 2

Ross, D. F. (1990). Unconscious Ross, D. F. (1990). Unconscious transference and mistaken identity: transference and mistaken identity: When a witness misidentifies a familiar When a witness misidentifies a familiar

but innocent person from a lineup but innocent person from a lineup (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell

University, 1990). University, 1990). Dissertation Dissertation Abstracts Abstracts International International 51, 51, 417.417.

Dissertation, unpublishedDissertation, unpublished

Wilfley, D. E. (1989). Wilfley, D. E. (1989). Interpersonal Interpersonal analyses of bulimia: Normal-weight and analyses of bulimia: Normal-weight and

obese.obese. Unpublished doctoral Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia.Columbia.

Brochure, group authorBrochure, group author

Research and Training Center on Research and Training Center on Independent Living. (1993). Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines Guidelines

for reporting and writing about people for reporting and writing about people with disabilitieswith disabilities (4 (4thth ed.). [Brochure]. ed.). [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS: Author.Lawrence, KS: Author.

Encyclopedia/DictionaryEncyclopedia/Dictionary

Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). The new Grove The new Grove dictionary of music and musiciansdictionary of music and musicians (6 (6thth ed., Vols. 1-20). London: Macmillan.ed., Vols. 1-20). London: Macmillan.

Entry in EncyclopediaEntry in Encyclopedia

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. InBergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The The new encyclopedia Britannicanew encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopaedia pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.Britannica.

Reprint from another sourceReprint from another source

Piaget, J. (1988). Extracts from Piaget’s Piaget, J. (1988). Extracts from Piaget’s theory. In K. Richardson & S. Sheldon theory. In K. Richardson & S. Sheldon (Eds.), (Eds.), Cognitive development to Cognitive development to

adolescence: A reader adolescence: A reader (pp. 3-18). (pp. 3-18). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (Reprinted from Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (Reprinted from

Manual of child psychology, Manual of child psychology, pp. 703-pp. 703-732, by P. H. Mussen, Ed., 1970, New 732, by P. H. Mussen, Ed., 1970, New York: Wiley.York: Wiley.

Non-English TitleNon-English Title

Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1951). Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1951). La genese La genese de l’idee de hasard chez l’enfant de l’idee de hasard chez l’enfant [The [The origin of the idea of chance in the origin of the idea of chance in the

child]. child]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.France.

English TranslationEnglish Translation

Laplace, P.-S. (1951). Laplace, P.-S. (1951). A philosophical essay A philosophical essay on probabilitieson probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. (F. W. Truscott & F.

L. L. Emory, Trans.). New York: Dover. Emory, Trans.). New York: Dover. (Original work published 1814)(Original work published 1814)

In-text:In-text:– (Laplace, 1814/1951).(Laplace, 1814/1951).

ERIC DocumentERIC Document

ESL for hotel/hospitality industry: Level ESL for hotel/hospitality industry: Level beginner. (1997?). (Item No. 0466-A-beginner. (1997?). (Item No. 0466-A-

03 03 (MF). Northport, NY: Western (MF). Northport, NY: Western Suffolk Suffolk BOCES, Workplace Literacy BOCES, Workplace Literacy Program. Program. (ERIC Document Reproduction (ERIC Document Reproduction Service Service No. ED426250)No. ED426250)

Government DocumentGovernment Document

The Department of Interior’s denial of the The Department of Interior’s denial of the Wisconsin Chippewa’s casino Wisconsin Chippewa’s casino

application: Hearings before the application: Hearings before the Committee on Government Reform and Committee on Government Reform and

Oversight, House of Representatives, Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, January 21, 22, 28 and 29, session, January 21, 22, 28 and 29, 1998. 1998. (1998). Washington, DC: U. S. (1998). Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.Government Printing Office.

NTIS ReportNTIS Report

Osgood, D. W., & Wilson, J. K. (1980). Osgood, D. W., & Wilson, J. K. (1980). Covariation of adolescent health Covariation of adolescent health

problems.problems. Lincoln: University of Lincoln: University of Nebraska. Nebraska. (NTIS No. PB 91-154 (NTIS No. PB 91-154 377/AS)377/AS)

Professional PaperProfessional Paper

Watson, S. (1996, April). Watson, S. (1996, April). A pragmatic A pragmatic model for evaluating “investors in model for evaluating “investors in people” in the hospitality industry.people” in the hospitality industry. Paper presented at the 5Paper presented at the 5 thth Annual Annual Hospitality Research Conference, Hospitality Research Conference, Nottingham, England.Nottingham, England.

Published ProceedingsPublished Proceedings

Buhalis, D. & Schereler, W. (Eds.). (1999). Buhalis, D. & Schereler, W. (Eds.). (1999). Information and communication Information and communication

technologies in tourism 1999: technologies in tourism 1999: Proceedings of the 6Proceedings of the 6thth International International Conference in Innsbruck, Austria. Conference in Innsbruck, Austria. Wein, Wein,

Austria: Springer.Austria: Springer.

ProceedingsProceedings

Hopken, W. (1999). Modelling of an Hopken, W. (1999). Modelling of an electronic tourism market. In D. electronic tourism market. In D. Bruhalis Bruhalis & W. Schertler (Eds.), & W. Schertler (Eds.), Proceedings of Proceedings of the 6the 6thth International International Information and Information and Communication Communication Technologies in Tourism Technologies in Tourism Conference Conference in Innsbruck, Austria in Innsbruck, Austria (pp.161-171(pp.161-171). ). Wein, Austria: Springer.Wein, Austria: Springer.

Proceedings: How to handle?Proceedings: How to handle?

Higher-education facilities: Proceedings of the Higher-education facilities: Proceedings of the first seminar in a series offered by the Continuing first seminar in a series offered by the Continuing Education Program of the M.I.T. Laboratory of Education Program of the M.I.T. Laboratory of Architecture and Planning and the Harvard Architecture and Planning and the Harvard Graduate School of Design in collaboration with Graduate School of Design in collaboration with the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard and M.I.T., August 18-22, 1980. Editor, Harvard and M.I.T., August 18-22, 1980. Editor, Margaret B. Sevcenko. Published in 1982. Margaret B. Sevcenko. Published in 1982. Cambridge, MA.Cambridge, MA.

Suggestions for previous slideSuggestions for previous slide

Sevcenko, M. B. (Ed.). (1982). Sevcenko, M. B. (Ed.). (1982). Higher-Higher-education facilities education facilities [Seminar [Seminar

proceedings]. Cambridge, MA: Aga proceedings]. Cambridge, MA: Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture Khan Program for Islamic Architecture

at Harvard University and the at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Book: Author and EditorBook: Author and Editor

List the editor in parentheses after the title, List the editor in parentheses after the title, same as for a Translator (see sample #32, p. same as for a Translator (see sample #32, p. 252)252)

Rare but possibleRare but possible Example: Author completes extensive Example: Author completes extensive

manuscript, then dies, and editor takes over manuscript, then dies, and editor takes over to prepare book for publicationto prepare book for publication

Book w/author, editor, annotator, Book w/author, editor, annotator, translator and illustratortranslator and illustrator

Granjon, H. (1986). Granjon, H. (1986). Along the Rio Grande: A Along the Rio Grande: A pastoral visit to southwest New Mexico in pastoral visit to southwest New Mexico in 1902 (1902 (M. R. Taylor, Ed., M. W. de Lopez, M. R. Taylor, Ed., M. W. de Lopez, Trans.). Albuquerque: University of New Trans.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Mexico Press.

– Query: H. Granjon lived 1863-1922, but book Query: H. Granjon lived 1863-1922, but book publishing date is 1986. Should we add R. Taylor, publishing date is 1986. Should we add R. Taylor, annotator and A. Pennock, Illustrator? Also annotator and A. Pennock, Illustrator? Also publisher info says: published in cooperation with publisher info says: published in cooperation with the Historical Society of New Mexico [by] University the Historical Society of New Mexico [by] University of New Mexico Press. Is publisher correctly listed?of New Mexico Press. Is publisher correctly listed?

Book: Vols. Published over timeBook: Vols. Published over time

Koch, S. (Ed.). (1959-1963). Koch, S. (Ed.). (1959-1963). Psychology: A Psychology: A study of science study of science (Vols. 1-6). New (Vols. 1-6). New

York: York: McGraw-Hill.McGraw-Hill.

Book Author is also PublisherBook Author is also Publisher

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders mental disorders (4(4thth ed.). ed.).

Washington, Washington, DC: Author.DC: Author.

University ReportUniversity Report

Gazel, R. Gazel, R. The impact of the Thomas & The impact of the Thomas & Mack Center and the Sam Boyd Stadium Mack Center and the Sam Boyd Stadium

in the Las Vegas economy. in the Las Vegas economy. (1997).(1997). Las Las Vegas, NV: University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV: University of Nevada, Las

Vegas, Center for Business and Vegas, Center for Business and Economic Research.Economic Research.

Query: The report says “prepared by” Gazel Query: The report says “prepared by” Gazel for the Thomas & Mack Center. Is for the Thomas & Mack Center. Is “preparer’ the same as author?“preparer’ the same as author?

Conference: Complex PublisherConference: Complex Publisher

Centers for Disease Control Health Risk Centers for Disease Control Health Risk Appraisal Users Conference. (1983). Appraisal Users Conference. (1983). Summary proceedings.Summary proceedings. Atlanta, GA: Atlanta, GA:

U. U. S. Dept. of Health and Human S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Services, Public Health Service, Centers Public Health Service, Centers for for Disease Control.Disease Control.

Query: Is U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Query: Is U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services sufficient?Services sufficient?

Book ReviewBook Review

Jackson, A. (2000). Adams-American heroJackson, A. (2000). Adams-American hero .. [Review of the book [Review of the book John AdamsJohn Adams], ],

New New York Review of Books, 66York Review of Books, 66, 83., 83.

Question: Jackson is author of book review, Question: Jackson is author of book review, but who is author of but who is author of John AdamsJohn Adams, since , since there are probably many books by that there are probably many books by that name.name.

Motion PictureMotion Picture

Hotel securityHotel security. (1982). [Motion picture]. . (1982). [Motion picture]. Chatsworth, CA: National Educational Chatsworth, CA: National Educational Media.Media.

Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). (Writer/Director). (2000). You can You can

count count on me on me [Motion picture]. United [Motion picture]. United States: States: Paramount Pictures.Paramount Pictures.

VideocassetteVideocassette

Las Vegas Hilton Hotel and Casino fire: Las Vegas Hilton Hotel and Casino fire: February 10, 1981. (1981). February 10, 1981. (1981).

[Videocassette].[Videocassette]. Las Vegas, NV: Las Vegas, NV: KTNV-TV Channel 13.KTNV-TV Channel 13.

AudiocassetteAudiocassette

Costa, P. T., Jr. (Speaker). (1988). Costa, P. T., Jr. (Speaker). (1988). Personality, continuity, and changes of Personality, continuity, and changes of

adult life adult life (Cassette Recording No. (Cassette Recording No. 207-207- 433-88A-B). Washington, DC: 433-88A-B). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.American Psychological Association.

Reference List: SummaryReference List: Summary

Agrees with in-text citationsAgrees with in-text citations States everything needed for identification States everything needed for identification

and retrievaland retrieval Author responsible for errorsAuthor responsible for errors Check each reference with item in handCheck each reference with item in hand

Electronic Sources in Reference Electronic Sources in Reference ListList

Citation “concept” hasn’t changed. Provide Citation “concept” hasn’t changed. Provide complete, accurate bibliographic datacomplete, accurate bibliographic data

Do not knowingly publish a dead linkDo not knowingly publish a dead link Web items may be Web only, or electronic Web items may be Web only, or electronic

versions of items available in print. Cite the versions of items available in print. Cite the version you used.version you used.

Problems with electronic citesProblems with electronic cites

Many formats: periodical, document, e-Many formats: periodical, document, e-mail, e-book, newsgroupmail, e-book, newsgroup

Some URLs are very long--how to divide Some URLs are very long--how to divide for next line; easy to make typos.for next line; easy to make typos.

Some web sites give several URLs- one for Some web sites give several URLs- one for the Citation alone, the Abstract, the Articlethe Citation alone, the Abstract, the Article

May lack authors, dates and page numbersMay lack authors, dates and page numbers

Internet-only journalInternet-only journal

Frederickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Frederickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to Cultivating positive emotions to optimize optimize health and well being. health and well being. Prevention & Prevention & Treatment, 3Treatment, 3, Article , Article 0001a. Retrieved 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, November 20, 2000, from from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/http://journals.apa.org/prevention/

volume3/pre0030001a.htmlvolume3/pre0030001a.html

Internet article w/print sourceInternet article w/print source

VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the (2001). Role of reference elements in the

selection of resources by psychology selection of resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version]. undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5 , , 117-123.117-123.

Government Web siteGovernment Web site

United States Sentencing Commission. United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.) (n.d.) 1997 sourcebook of federal 1997 sourcebook of federal sentencing statistics. sentencing statistics. Retrieved Retrieved

December 8, 1999, from December 8, 1999, from http://www.ussc.gov/annrpt/1997.htmhttp://www.ussc.gov/annrpt/1997.htm

Message posted - NewsgroupMessage posted - Newsgroup

Chalmers, D. (2000, November 17). Seeing Chalmers, D. (2000, November 17). Seeing with sound [Msg 1]. Message posted with sound [Msg 1]. Message posted

to to news://sci.psychology.consciousnessnews://sci.psychology.consciousness

NYT OnlineNYT Online

Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people forecasting their emotions, most people

flunk out. flunk out. New York Times.New York Times. Retrieved Retrieved November 21, 2000, from November 21, 2000, from

http://www.nytimes.comhttp://www.nytimes.com

Data file from gov’t agencyData file from gov’t agency

National Health Interview Survey—Current National Health Interview Survey—Current health topics: 1991—Longitudinal health topics: 1991—Longitudinal

study study of aging.of aging. (Version 4) [Data file]. (Version 4) [Data file]. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.Health Statistics.

Virtual Conference PaperVirtual Conference Paper

Tan, G., & Lewandowsky, S. (1996). Tan, G., & Lewandowsky, S. (1996). A A comparison of operator trust in humans comparison of operator trust in humans versus machines.versus machines. Paper presented at the Paper presented at the CybErg 96 virtual conference. Retrieved CybErg 96 virtual conference. Retrieved May 16, 2000, from May 16, 2000, from http://www.curtin.edu.au/conference/http://www.curtin.edu.au/conference/cybert/centre/outline.cgi/frame?dir=tancybert/centre/outline.cgi/frame?dir=tan

Computer programs/softwareComputer programs/software

If well known, do not put in reference listIf well known, do not put in reference list If well known, text reference onlyIf well known, text reference only If not well known, place in reference listIf not well known, place in reference list

Miller, M. E. (1993). The Interactive Tester Miller, M. E. (1993). The Interactive Tester (Version 4.0)[Computer software]. (Version 4.0)[Computer software]. Westminster, CA: Psytek Services.Westminster, CA: Psytek Services.

Electronic copy of abstractElectronic copy of abstract

Fournier, M., (1999). Optimism and Fournier, M., (1999). Optimism and adaptation to multiple sclerosis: What adaptation to multiple sclerosis: What does does optimism mean? optimism mean? Journal of Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22,Behavioral Medicine, 22, 303-326. 303-326. Abstract retrieved October 23, 2000 Abstract retrieved October 23, 2000 from from PsychINFO database.PsychINFO database.

Gov’t database on the WebGov’t database on the Web

U. S. General Accounting Office. (1997, U. S. General Accounting Office. (1997, February). February). Telemedicine: Federal strategy Telemedicine: Federal strategy is needed to guide investmentsis needed to guide investments (Publication (Publication No. GAO/NSAID/HEHS-97-67). Retrieved No. GAO/NSAID/HEHS-97-67). Retrieved September 15, 2000, from General September 15, 2000, from General Accounting Office Reports Online via GPO Accounting Office Reports Online via GPO Access: Access: http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/aces/achttp://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/aces/aces160shtml?/gao/index.htmles160shtml?/gao/index.html

ftp retrievalftp retrieval

Crow, T. J. (2000). Crow, T. J. (2000). Did homo sapiens Did homo sapiens speciate on the y chromosome? speciate on the y chromosome?

Psycoloquy, 11. Psycoloquy, 11. Retrieved March 25, Retrieved March 25, 2001, from ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/2001, from ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/hanad/Psycoloquy/2000/volume.hanad/Psycoloquy/2000/volume.11/psych.00.11.001.language-sex-11/psych.00.11.001.language-sex-chromosomes.1.crowchromosomes.1.crow

Legal PublicationsLegal Publications

The Bluebook: A Uniform System of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of CitationCitation

APA covers very little, but refers you to the APA covers very little, but refers you to the BluebookBluebook

Special citation formsSpecial citation forms Footnotes instead of reference list at the endFootnotes instead of reference list at the end For many footnotes to same item, use For many footnotes to same item, use id., id.,

supra, supra, and and infrainfra

Legal CitationsLegal Citations

Citation theory the same: Identify item so Citation theory the same: Identify item so there is no mistake as to what it is and form there is no mistake as to what it is and form in which you obtained itin which you obtained it

Different citations for different phases of Different citations for different phases of publication (slip law, publication (slip law, Statutes at Large, U. Statutes at Large, U. S. Code)S. Code)

Court DecisionsCourt Decisions

Name v. Name, Volume Source Page Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Court and Date).(Court and Date).

Lessard v. Schmidt, 349 F. Supp. 1078 Lessard v. Schmidt, 349 F. Supp. 1078 (E.D. Wis. 1972).(E.D. Wis. 1972).

In text: Lessard v. Schmidt (1972)…In text: Lessard v. Schmidt (1972)… In text: (Lessard v. Schmidt, 1972).In text: (Lessard v. Schmidt, 1972).

U.S. Supreme CourtU.S. Supreme Court

Brown v. Board of Educ., 347 U.S. 483 Brown v. Board of Educ., 347 U.S. 483 (1954).(1954).

Maryland v. Craig, 110 S. Ct. 3160 (1990).Maryland v. Craig, 110 S. Ct. 3160 (1990).

Reference to appealed caseReference to appealed case

Durlinger v. Artiles, 563 F. Supp. 322 (D. Durlinger v. Artiles, 563 F. Supp. 322 (D. Kan. 1981), Kan. 1981), aff’d,aff’d, 727 F.2d 888 (10 727 F.2d 888 (10thth Cir. 1984).Cir. 1984).

In text:In text:

Durflinger v. Artiles (1981/1984)Durflinger v. Artiles (1981/1984)

Unpublished caseUnpublished case

Gilliard v. Oswald, No. 76-2109 (2d Cir. Gilliard v. Oswald, No. 76-2109 (2d Cir. March 16, 1977).March 16, 1977).

Gustin v. Mathews, No. 76-7-C5 (D. Kan. Gustin v. Mathews, No. 76-7-C5 (D. Kan. Jan 31, 1977) (LEXIS0, Genfed Jan 31, 1977) (LEXIS0, Genfed

library, library, Dist. File).Dist. File).

StatutesStatutes

Name of Act, Volume Source Name of Act, Volume Source § xxx (Year).§ xxx (Year).

Mental Health Systems Act, 42 U.S.C. Mental Health Systems Act, 42 U.S.C. §9401 (1998).§9401 (1998).

In text:In text:

Mental Health Systems Act (1988)Mental Health Systems Act (1988)

Uncodified statuteUncodified statute

Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L., No. 101-336, Pub. L., No. 101-336, § 2, 104 Stat. 328 § 2, 104 Stat. 328 (1991).(1991).

State Legal MaterialsState Legal Materials

See Bluebook blue pages. U. S. See Bluebook blue pages. U. S. JurisdictionsJurisdictions

Each state has different court and statutory Each state has different court and statutory publicationspublications

Names, years and abbreviations for each are Names, years and abbreviations for each are givengiven

NevadaNevada

Nevada Reports (Nev.) Nevada Reports (Nev.) Pacific Reporter (P., P.2d)Pacific Reporter (P., P.2d) Nevada Revised Statutes (NEV. REV. Nevada Revised Statutes (NEV. REV.

STAT. STAT. § x (19xx) Also: NRS§ x (19xx) Also: NRS Nevada Revised Statutes Annotated (NEV. Nevada Revised Statutes Annotated (NEV.

REV. STAT. ANN. § x (Michie 19xx)REV. STAT. ANN. § x (Michie 19xx) Statutes of Nevada (19xx Nev. Stat. xxx)Statutes of Nevada (19xx Nev. Stat. xxx)

Nevada citationsNevada citations

Nevada Gaming Commission v. Desert Nevada Gaming Commission v. Desert Palace, Inc. Palace, Inc. 101 Nev. 173, 647 P.2d 477 101 Nev. 173, 647 P.2d 477 (1985).(1985).

1995 Nev. Stat. 497.1995 Nev. Stat. 497. NRS NRS §463.1405 (2).§463.1405 (2). NGC Reg.16.405(c).NGC Reg.16.405(c).

Federal regulationFederal regulation

Title/Number, Volume Source Title/Number, Volume Source § xxx § xxx (Year).(Year).

FTC Credit Practices Rule, 16 C.F.R. § 444 FTC Credit Practices Rule, 16 C.F.R. § 444 (1999).(1999).

Legal PeriodicalLegal Periodical

Italics are the reverse of APA ruleItalics are the reverse of APA rule Author’s full name given, first name firstAuthor’s full name given, first name first Punctuation differentPunctuation different Each periodical has prescribed abbreviationEach periodical has prescribed abbreviation Periodical in all capsPeriodical in all caps

Legal Periodical SampleLegal Periodical Sample

Ruth Bader Ginsburg & Barbara Flagg, Ruth Bader Ginsburg & Barbara Flagg, Some Reflections on the Feminist Some Reflections on the Feminist

Legal Legal Thought of the 1970sThought of the 1970s, 1989 U. , 1989 U. CHI. CHI. LEGAL F. , 11.LEGAL F. , 11.

Query: Should you convert this to APA Query: Should you convert this to APA style if your article will be published in a style if your article will be published in a non-legal journal?non-legal journal?

Electronic Legal SourcesElectronic Legal Sources

Bluebook discourages Internet citationBluebook discourages Internet citation Cite materials in original formCite materials in original form LEXIS and DIALOG are O. K.LEXIS and DIALOG are O. K. When referencing legal databases, state When referencing legal databases, state

“available in”, not “retrieved from”“available in”, not “retrieved from”

Legal citation - summaryLegal citation - summary

Buy the Bluebook – 17Buy the Bluebook – 17thth edition edition Bluebook has more detail, examples, and Bluebook has more detail, examples, and

explanationsexplanations Number, Source abbreviated, Number, Number, Source abbreviated, Number,

( Date)( Date) Must still cite sources in-text (use first few Must still cite sources in-text (use first few

words of reference and date)words of reference and date)

APA Survival TacticsAPA Survival Tactics

Buy the ManualBuy the Manual Personalize and customize the manualPersonalize and customize the manual Add your own entries to the indexAdd your own entries to the index Use subject tabs to find sectionsUse subject tabs to find sections

Survival Tactics, cont’dSurvival Tactics, cont’d

Memorize the basic formulasMemorize the basic formulas Write up references with item in handWrite up references with item in hand Photocopy title page and bibliographic info Photocopy title page and bibliographic info

from all your referencesfrom all your references Save photocopies and notes for 5 yearsSave photocopies and notes for 5 years

For more assistanceFor more assistance

Web site: http://apastyle.orgWeb site: http://apastyle.org APA software. Style Helper 3.0APA software. Style Helper 3.0 Mastering APA Style: Instructor’s Resource Mastering APA Style: Instructor’s Resource

GuideGuide Mastering APA Style: Student’s Workbook Mastering APA Style: Student’s Workbook

& Training Guide& Training Guide APA Style for Electronic ResourcesAPA Style for Electronic Resources

Quiz TimeQuiz Time

What’s the missing punctuation?What’s the missing punctuation?

Jones J J Miller R F Jr Anderson C Martin Jones J J Miller R F Jr Anderson C Martin D K H D K H Getting ahead in hospitality Getting ahead in hospitality 33rdrd ed ed 1999 Boston Good Books Inc1999 Boston Good Books Inc

Quiz TimeQuiz Time

Unscramble and correct:Unscramble and correct:

Washington, DC. A financial approach to Washington, DC. A financial approach to detecting and resolving crimes. U. S. detecting and resolving crimes. U. S. Internal Revenue Service. n.d. Financial Internal Revenue Service. n.d. Financial investigations: Publication 1714 (6-93). U. investigations: Publication 1714 (6-93). U. S. Government Printing Office.S. Government Printing Office.

Quiz TimeQuiz Time

Are the personal names in the correct order?Are the personal names in the correct order? Are the italics correct? What’s missing?Are the italics correct? What’s missing?

R. W. Erwin, Jr. (1997). R. W. Erwin, Jr. (1997). Reviewing books Reviewing books for scholarly journals.for scholarly journals. In Moxley, J. & T. In Moxley, J. & T. Taylor, (Eds.) Taylor, (Eds.) Writing and Publishing For Writing and Publishing For Academic Authors Academic Authors (pp. 83-90). Lanham: (pp. 83-90). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Rowman & Littlefield.

Quiz TimeQuiz Time

Below is a faulty electronic journal listing. Below is a faulty electronic journal listing. What should be left out?What should be left out?

Eaglen, A., Lashley, C., & Thomas, R. ( 2000, Eaglen, A., Lashley, C., & Thomas, R. ( 2000, August). Modelling the benefits of training to August). Modelling the benefits of training to business performance in leisure retailing. business performance in leisure retailing. Strategic Change, 9(Issue5), pages 311-325. Strategic Change, 9(Issue5), pages 311-325. [Electronic magazine]. Available on the [Electronic magazine]. Available on the Internet. Retrieved January 10, 2001 from Internet. Retrieved January 10, 2001 from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com PDF Full http://www3.interscience.wiley.com PDF Full Text plus Abstract.Text plus Abstract.

Thanks for comingThanks for coming

Enjoy your research!Enjoy your research!