ush2 unit 5: america and the world lesson 5.3 part 5
TRANSCRIPT
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USH2 Unit 5: America and the World
Lesson 5.3 part 5
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Activate What does the term
“home front” imply?
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World War II Home Front
1941-1945
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Essential Questions What had to be done at the “home front” in
order to win the war?
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An end to neutralityPearl Harbor brought an abrupt end to American isolationism in
December 1941FDR had already been readying the nation for war
Many US industries already producing war goodsFDR encouraged an “arsenal for democracy”
1940 FDR had increased size of the navyCongress passes War Powers Act
Gave FDR unprecedented control over the nationFDR creates:
War production Board (WPB)National War Labor Board (NWLB)Office of Price Administration (OPA)Office of War Mobilization (OWM)
Late 1942 1/3 economy committed to war production
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Economic recoveryUS becomes the world’s largest manufacture of
armaments300,000 planes2.6 million machine guns6 million tons of bombs91,000 cargo/war ships
WWII will lead the US out of the Great DepressionUS government spends 250 million a day (320 billion)17 million jobs createdCorporate profits up 70%Real industrial wages up 50%
Closing gap between rich and poorUnprecedented prosperity for most Americans
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Public sacrificeShortages of goods created inflation
Rationing of goods commonVoluntary & Gov. supervised
Increased wages lead to a high percentage of savings
FDR’s Revenue Act raised taxes for most AmericansPropaganda tied sacrifice directly to the war effort
Pushed voluntary conservation measuresEncouraged enlistmentPromoted bond sales
To manage propaganda, FDR creates Office of War Information (OWI)Emphasized a good vs evil strugglePromoted total destruction of the enemyVillainized the enemy (particularly the Japanese)
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AP1 sentence
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Changing roles of womenWorking women were a social stigma during the Great
Depression (took jobs from men)Federal government urged women into war production
Allowed men to serve in the militaryMore than 1/3 of labor forceMany women held nontraditional jobs breaking gender stereotypes
Gov. allowed gender discrimination in many industriesWomen made 65% of man’s salaryWomen filled a number of non-combat roles (over 300k enlist)
War had a lasting impact on impression of women in society
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AP 1 sentence
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Minority groups during the warAfrican Americans
Major push to fight discriminationNAACP membership grewCampaigned for anti-lynching laws and against
poll taxesCongress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded in
1942Were discriminated against in war industries
A. Philiip Randolph threatened a march on Washington
Led FDR to issue Executive Order 8802Creates the Fair Employment Practices
CommissionProtests led to minimal gains
Served in segregated military unitsMany units served with distinction
Violent race riots occurred across the country
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AP 1 sentence
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Minority groups during the warNative Americans
Many Native Americans attempt to leave reservations
Find discriminationLed to formation of National Congress of
American IndiansA few joined the military, (Navajo Code Talkers)
LatinosBracero program
Initially imported “foreign laborers” into the US
Many stayed behind rather than returnEncouraged future illegal immigration
Zoot suit riots (Summer 1943)All minority groups volunteered/commended for
military service in numbers disproportionate to pop
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Minority groups during the warJapanese Americans
100k First and Second generation Japanese Americans were placed in internment camps
Rooted in anti Japanese propagandaJapanese were labeled a security risk on the
West Coast (Not in Hawaii)FDR issued Executive Order 9066
Forced to sell propertyHeld for duration of warFreed after pledging loyalty to the US
Supreme Court validated FDR’s authority Korematsu v. US
Limited number served in military (442nd)
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AP 1 sentence
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Activity The Century:
Homefront
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Learning log Summarize what you
learned today about the sacrifices made at home in order to win the war. 5-7 sentences.