World War One.Chapter Six.

European countries are industrialized and wealthy.

They can support large armies and navies.

They are also in a race for over seas colonies.

Nationalism is at an all time high.

European’s mistrust and hate each other a lot.

Naval Race.

• England and Germany engaged in a race to build battleships.

• This arms race cost millions and created fear.

• Dreadnoughts!QuickTime™ and a decompressor

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Alliance(Secret) System.

• France wanted revenge because of their defeat by the Germans in 1871.

• They teamed up with Russia and England. The “Triple Entente.”

• Germany’s home boys were Austria-Hungry, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire or the “Central Alliance.”

Balkan Crisis-1914.

• Nationalism growing in Europe.• People wanted “Self-Determination.”• Austro-Hungarians ruled over the Balkans

and Serbia.• Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife

assassinated by Serb nationalist.

Europe Goes To War!

• Austria-Hungry wanted to crush Serbia over the assassination.

• Russia was on Serbia’s side,• Germany was on Austria-Hungary side.• France had Russia’s back.• England will also fight if Belgium/France is

attacked.• What a mess!

Germany’s War Problem.

• They have a two front war. BAD!• France on the west and Russia in the

east.• Their strategy? • The Von Sheffloean Plan.• Attack France first with 90 percent of

your troops. Russia second.

Von Sheffoean Plan Fails.

• French/British dig in and begin trench warfare, German do the same.

• Artillery, Maxim machine guns, and barbed wire make attacking suicidal.

• In 1916 alone, the French army lost a million men to frontal attacks.

Americans Take Sides.

• In general most Americans sides with the British

• German used poor PROPAGANDA techniques.

• British cut German under ocean cable to rest of world.

• The Brits control way news!

Economic Links.

• Britain was our BIGGEST trading partner.

• U.S. and Britain had/have strong cultural ties.

• American banks loan Britain two billion dollars to fight the war.

America Moves Towards War.

• British/German blockade.• Germans forced to use submarines to

sink merchant ships.• Many Americans killed by German

attacks.• Subs sink Lusitania(1915) and

Sussex(1916)• Sussex Pledge made by Germany.

U.S. Declares War-1917.

• Zimmermann Note.

• Germany drops Sussex Pledge and resumes unrestricted U-Boat warfare.

• Last straw for American people and President Wilson.

• War is declared!

The Home Front.• Building up the military:

• Selective Service-Draft.

• Two million volunteered.

• 400,000 African Americans served.

• Thousands of women served for first time.

Organizing Industry.

• War Industries Board-WIB.

• Food and fuel.

• Victory Gardens.

• Paying for the war:

• Liberty Bonds-Victory Bonds.

Mobilizing The Workforce.

Women went to work.

African-American enter into factory work.

Mexican-Americans into southwest.

Ensuring Public Support.

• Committee on Public Information:

• Helped “Sell” the war.

• Recruited ad executives, commercial artists, entertainers, and Hollywood.

• “Four Minute Men.”

Civil Liberties Curtailed.

• Fear of espionage/Climate of suspicion.• Sedition Act of 1918. No public expression

against war!• Supreme Court limits free speech:• Schenck v. U.S. 1919.• “Clear and Present Danger” and “Can’t yell

fire in a crowded theater, when no fire exists.”

Bloody Conflict.

• Trench Warfare.

• New war technology:

• Machine Gun, Long range artillery, submarines(U-Boats), Poison Gas, and airplanes.

Americans And Victory!

• Winning the war at sea-Convoy system.

• Russian Revolution-1917. Lenin signs treaty with Germany.

• One front war!

• Germany MUST launch a major offensive against France before American troops arrive.

German Offensive of 1918.

• Gets within 40 miles of Paris, but then falters.

• Allies launch massive counter attack.

• Germany is out of men, supplies, weapons and hope.

• War ends after armistice signed. 1918.

A Flawed Peace.

• Wilson’s Fourteen Points for peace:

• Free trade.

• Disarmament.

• Freedom of seas.

• Open diplomacy-No secrets!

• Self determination.

• League Of Nations.

Treaty Of Versailles-1919.

• Britain and France wanted to punish Germany for the war.

• $33 billion war reparations.

• Stripped of its armed forces.

• Austria-Hungry spilt into two countries.

• Loss of Ruhr Valley-1923.

League Of Nations.

• L.O.N. is rejected by U.S. Senate.• No “Entangling” alliances.• U.S. bitter about W.W.I.• Wilson suffered a stroke and made

impossible for him to campaign for it.• The Treaty Of Versailles, the rejection

of Wilson’s 14 pts and L.O.N. laid the continuation of W.W.I later.

War’s Impact.

• High inflation leads to strikes.

• Boston Police Strike. Calvin Coolage:

• “there is no right to strike the public safety.”

• 350,000 steel workers went on strike.

The Red Scare.

• Wave of strikes cause some to think that communists were at work.

• Immigrants were thought to bring in communists ideas.

• Labor leaders were suspected too.

• Communist International:

• “ Workers Of The World Unite!”

Palmer Raids-1919 and 1920.• Palmer raids was a massive effort

which didn’t turn up a plot to over throw the government.

• Palmer faded away.

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End Of Progressivism-1920.• Warren G. Harding won the presidency

by calling for a return to “Normalcy.”

• This wasn’t a real word until Harding made it up!

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