11

11

11

100

100

100

500

500

1000

1000

2000

2000

300 0

3000

3000

4000

5000

60007000

8000

9000

1000

0

30 0 0

Volcano

Glenwood

Hawaiian VolcanoObservatory

Punalu‘u

Pāhala

Puʻuʻeleʻele f low

Kauh iuh i f l ow

Keakapulu Flat f low

Pahuamimi f low

Ki lohana f low

Puʻu ʻe le ʻe le f l ow

Waim

uku flow

Kapāpala Ranch flow

Keʻāmuku Kīpukakulal io east f low

Puʻuwahi flow

Kīpukamaunaʻiu flow

Kapāpala flow

Kaʻiliʻula flow

Flow 393

Puʻuʻulaʻula f low

Palakea Flat flow

Kaʻū High School flow

Flow 890

Moaʻula flow

Red Cone flow

Flow 350

Flow 983

West W

ood Valley flow

Kaʻalaʻala Gulch flow

ʻŌhaikea flow

Flow 348

Laeʻopuhili flow

Flow 296

Kīpukakēkake flow

Kilohana flow

Flow 884

Ke ʻāmuku K īpukakēkake f low

AD 1880-81

ʻlliokōloa flow

Flow 841Upper Strip Road flow

Kīpukamaunaʻiu flow

Keʻām

uku

Kīpuk

akul

alio

eas

t flo

w

Cow Pasture picrite flow

Flow 989

East Wood Valley flow

ʻlliokōloa flow

Upper Strip Road flow

Kaʻū High School flow

Flow 891

Cow Pasture flow

Flow NE of 1880

Keauhou Ranch flow

Kauhiuhi Maluikeao flow

Keakapulu Flat flow

Flow 884

Kīpukalōʻihi flow

Nīnole Basalt

Flow 899

Flow NE of 1880

Flow 989

Flow 882

Palakea Flat flow

Cow Pas

ture

flow

Pāʻauʻau flow

ʻUaʻu flow

Kauhuhuʻula flow

Flow 882

Flow 884Nīnole Basalt

Flow 392

Flow 884

Upper Strip Road flow

Kīpukamauna ʻ iu f l ow

Ke A Po ʻomuku Lava F low

Keʻāmuku Kīpukakulalio east flow

Flow 890

Uēwale Gulch flow

ʻAhulili flow

KUMU

KA

PĀ

PA

LA

Kālu‘e

Ka‘ahaKA‘ALA‘ALA

Pu‘ukou

PU‘UKOA

Pālima Point

PĀLIMA

K E A Ī W A

PuhimauCrater

Halema‘uma‘u

Pu‘upiliKamehame

Hill

‘Āinapō

‘Āinapō

WAIMUKU

Pu‘ukoa‘e

Pu‘umo‘o

KīlaueaKīlaueaMilitary Camp

HALELUA

‘AHULILI

Pu‘ukaone

Pu‘upili

K A P Ā P A L A

MAKAKUPU

‘ILIOKŌLOA

Kauhiuhi

WAILOA

KA‘ILI‘ULA

Pu‘uKolekole

Pu‘u‘ula‘ula

RedCones

K īpukakula l io

Pu‘u

nāhā

hā

Pahuamimi

Maluikeao

‘ILIOKŌLOA

Ka‘ōiki

P

ali

Pu‘ukuanēnē

Nāpu‘ukū lua

Kū‘ē‘ēRuins

Kīpukanēnē

K īpuka‘āh iu

KA

UH

UH

U‘ U

LA

Ka‘ ū

Des e

r t

YellowCone

‘ Ō L A ‘ A

F O R E S T R E S E R V E

MO

HO

KE

AN

UI

Keanabihopa

Kamakai‘a Uka

Kakiiwai

Keaoi

KapaooPoint

Makahanu PaliK īpukakula l io

Kamakai‘a Waena

K A ‘ A L A ‘ A L A M A K A I

HalfwayHouse

LuamanuCrater

K ī lauea Crater

Keakapulu Flat

KAUHUHU‘ULA IKI

Kapāpala Ranch

Kamakai‘a Hills

Kōko‘olauCrater

Keal

aale

a Hi

lls

CHAIN OF CRATERS

Kīlauea IkiCrater Thurston

Lava Tube

Keanakāko‘iCrater

MaunaikiLava Shield

KanenuiohamoLava Shield

Ulekuwale

KĪLAUEA IKI TRAIL

Halema‘uma‘u Parking Area

Ke‘āmuku Lava

Flow

Park House

Lava Flow of 1880

Ka‘ōi

ki

Pali

HA

WA

I‘I

VO

LC

AN

OE

S N

AT

ION

AL

PA

RK

Grea

t

Crac

k

Uēwale Gu lch

Wai ‘ akaloa

Gulch

WOOD VALLEY

HOMESTEADSPeleli‘ili‘i Gulch

Ipu‘u Ridge

MakakupuGulch

Ka‘ala‘ala Gulch

Keāīwa Gulch

PĀLIM

A

PĀ‘AU‘AU 1

PĀ‘AU‘AU 1

HI‘O

NAMO

A

PĀ ‘AU‘AU 2

Kīpu

kape

peia

o H i l i n a

P a l i

Kīpukamauna‘iuPu‘ukapukapu

Spring

W a i h a k a G u l c h

K A P Ā P A L A

Anipe‘ahi

H A WA I ‘ I V O L C A N O E S N AT I O N A L PA R K

KĪ L

AU

EA

F O

RE

S T

RE

S ER

VE

UPPER ‘ŌLA‘A

FOREST RESERVE

HAWAI‘I

VOLCANOES

NATIONAL PARK ‘ŌLA‘A

RESERVATION

LOTS

K A H A U A L E ‘ A

NāpauCrater

Pu‘u Huluhulu

Hi‘iakaCrater

HAWAI‘I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK

JEEP TRAIL

WaiapeleBay

MahukaBay

Waioala Spring

Waterholes

290

640

350

340

230

720

540

300

780

340

300

760

300

570

530

8720

1585

9300

1810

14701400

1290

8550

1700

9680

2000

2950

1830

9960

8955

1465

1310

1510

1910

3630

8740

2270

21902340

1270

1510

1360

1505

2890

1480

1460

1435

1550

1640

13302880

1360

4400

25000

26450

1060010030

10010

3102025790

26630

290

9500

1285

83708550

4030 4340

961

1840

1820

1510

4340

15611586

1560

ts

p2e8

p2a4

p2i3

p2c6

p2i5

a1g1

a4j8

p2b10

p1k5

p2e8

p2f7

p2e14

a1a3

p1k2

p1e8

p1a3

n

p9g2

p5a5

a0b2

p8e1

a4j8

m10b1

a1k5

p9b4

a1k2

p2b2

ts

p2g22

ts

p2b16

p2c6

n

p3e4

p2b15

p4a1

p2e14

p1g4

p2j17

m8k3

p1l6

p3e4

p2a4

a2a4

a3a2

m10k4

a2a12

p1b7

a4a10

a5b7

a3l5

m1k2

m1k2

p3b10

p2g22

a2k13

p8e1

ts

ts

p3e4

a3i8

p1k5

a3i8

p2a19

p2b15

p2g22

a2k21

p3e4

a2e8

a3a2

p4g2

m1l6

p2b10

p2e8a4l7

a2k20

p2e8

ts

m1k5

p9g2

ts

p5f6

a3l5

a2a18

a2e8

K

p2g22 a4l7 p3i8

p8e5

a5b3

a2g1

a6c3

p1k2

p1a3

K

p9h1

p2b24

p10a3

p8e5

p2c6

p2a4

a2k20

ts

a2e8

K

p9g2

a2a18

ts

p1e8

ts

tsts

a9k3

s5a8

p2g22

p1i9p2a18

p11a1

a2a19

a2k21

p3a9

m3i8

p5h4

p2e8

p9g2

p1l6

p10a3

p2b23

p3e4

p3e4

a5b7

p3b10

a3l5

p3e4

p1k2

p1e8

a11a4

a4a9

p2b15

p2i3

p3e4

a5b7

a4l7

p4a3

p2a19

p2i3

p9g2

a2e8

a6k2

p8e5

a2a18

p9h1

a8i4

ts

ts

p5a2

p3e4

a5b7a1k2a1k2

a2k20

p1a3

a2k13

p2i3

ts

m10b1

p1l6

p10k4

p2e8

p11b3

a6d1

p1l6

p2i5

p2g22

p2g22

p8e5

p1k5

p4c6

p11a1

p2k20

p3b10

p2e14

p4k4

a0a1

p4a11

a1e8

p2e8

p9h1

p1l6

p1l6

p10b1

a3a2

p8e5

p2i3

p1k5

a6a4

a2k20

p1a3

p1k5

p2g22

p9g2

p2k11

a2k20

p2g22

a3a2p2g22

p2e14 p2a19

a1k5

a1l6

a6k2

a6d1

p2k20

p1l6

p1k2

m3e4

a4l7

p2g22

K

p2j17

a3a2

p3e4

a10i5

p1k5

p8e5

p2a19

a9b5

p10g6

p9b5

p1i9

p2b2

p5a2a1a3

p1k2

a3a1

p10b1

p10c2

m10k4

a3a1

a3i3

m3a7

a3l5 m1a3

m10k4

p13f3

a13f2a13f3

a13f2

a13f3

p11a2

m13b1

a3a1

p11b3

a10k4

a11a4

p10k4

p13f3

p4l5p2c6

p2f7

p2b10

p2b10

p2c25

p9b4

p2e8

p9h1

p8b2

a4a3

p9b4

p5h4

p2e8

a5h4p2e8

ts p2e14

m5a1

p2e14

p2i3

p3e4

a2a18

a2k13a2k13

p2a18a2a18

p5a2p4a12

a1k2p1e8

a4g2a1k2

p1b7

p1e8

a4j8

a4j8

p2g22

p1g4

p2c6

p2i5

p2i5

p2a4

p2a4

p1a3a1e8

a2k20

a0b2

a1k2

p1k2

a11a2

a1g1

p8e1

ts

a1l6

p2f9

a2a18

a2k11

m5b7

a1g1

p3e4

p2g22

p3b10

p2f7

p3b10

p2b2

p2b9

p9g2

p3e4

p2g22

pa

pa

a5b7

p2g22

K

K

K

K

–155°30'19°30'

19°15'

19°07'30"

19°22'30"

–155°22'30"–155°15'

–155°07'30"19°30'

–155°07'30"19°22'30"

–155°15'19°15'

–155°22'30"19°07'30"–155°30'

EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS

Contact—Approximately located. Internal contact defines flows

Fault—Ball and bar on downthrown block. Dotted where concealed

Fissure—Trace of fissure

Ground-crack zone

‘A‘ā and mixed flows

Spatter

Ash—Ash (unit ts) covering flows

Kīlauea Volcano deposits—Exposed in southern part of map area

Radiocarbon-dated sample locality—Age shown in yr B.P. See table 2 (pamphlet) for analytical data; note that not all age localities are in map area

Sample from surface flow—CharcoalSample from measured section—Does not date surface

flow

K

4790

8730

Figure 1. Map showing subaerial volcanoes (green boundary) forming Island of Hawai‘i, main rift zones (orange) and fissures (red lines) on Mauna Loa, and 7.5-minute topographic quadrangles (shaded) in and adjacent to map area.

–156°

20°

19°30'

19°

–155°30' –155°

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

Kīlauea

Hualālai

Mauna Kea

Kohala

Mauna Loa

Northeast Rift Zone

Sout

hwes

t Rift

Zone

MaunaLoa

PuuMakaalaKulani

KokoolauPuu Ulaula

Pahala

VolcanoKilaueaCrater

KauDesert

KipukaPakekake

WoodValley

KeaiwaReservoir

Punaluu

Moku‘āweoweoCaldera

0

2

3

1

5

4

6

8

9

10

11

13

15

Table 3. Explanation of map unit labels, colors, and patterns for lava flows and vent deposits on Mauna Loa, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii. [Map unit labels for lava flows and vent deposits consist of four parts that identify flow morphology, flow age group, phenocryst mineralogy, and flow number in an age group. For example, unit p10e1 is a pāhoehoe flow (p) dated 9,000 to 10,000 radiocarbon yr B.P. (10) that contains >15% olivine phenocrysts (e) and is the youngest flow in Age Group 10 (1). Materials dated include charcoal, roots, twigs, vegetative litter, or unaltered wood (rarely). All ages are reported in radiocarbon yr B.P. (before the calendar year datum of A.D. 1950). Pyroxene is not an abundant phenocryst in Mauna Loa lava flows and, therefore, is not included in phenocryst mineralogy]

Flow morphology (letter; for example p10e1)

Spatter, tephra, and cinder-fall deposits

Pāhoehoe

‘A‘ā

Mixed ‘a‘ā and pāhoehoe

Littoral

Ash deposits

Flow age group (number; for example p10e1)

A.D. 1843 and younger

A.D. 1984 flow

A.D. 1880–81 flow

Pre-A.D. 1832 to 1,000 yr B.P.

1,000–2,000 yr B.P.

2,000–3,000 yr B.P.

3,000–4,000 yr B.P.

4,000–5,000 yr B.P.

5,000–6,000 yr B.P.

7,000–8,000 yr B.P.

8,000–9,000 yr B.P.

9,000–10,000 yr B.P.

10,000–15,000 yr B.P.

Flow age group (number; for example p10e1)—Continued

20,000–30,000 yr B.P.

>100,000 yr B.P.

Phenocryst mineralogy (letter; for example p10e1)

Aphanitic (<1% of any mineral)

1–5% olivine

5–10% olivine

10–15% olivine

>15% olivine

Variable amounts of olivine (2–30%)

1–5% plagioclase

5–10% plagioclase

Mixed, 1–5% olivine + 1–5% plagioclase

Mixed, >5% olivine + 1–5% plagioclase

Mixed, 1–5% olivine + >5% plagioclase

Mixed, >5% olivine + >5% plagioclase

Flow number in age group (number; for example p10e1)

Youngest flow in any age group

Next youngest flow in any age group

Number increases as age increases

s

p

a

m

l

z

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

1

2

3

P A C I F I C O C E A N

P A C I F I C O C E A N

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government

This map also is offered in an online, digital version. Users should be aware that, because of differences in rendering processes and pixel resolution, some slight distortion of scale may occur when viewing the online version on a computer screen or when printing it on an electronic plotter, even when it is viewed or printed at its intended publication scale

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, 1–888–ASK–USGS

Digital files available at https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B

Suggested citation: Trusdell, F.A., and Lockwood, J.P., 2019, Geologic map of the central-southeast flank of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii: Scientific Investigations Map 2932–B, pamphlet 23 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:50,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B.

Original U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps:1:24,000: Kau, 1981; Kilauea Crater, 1981; Kipuka Pakekake, 1981; Pahala, 1981; Volcano, 1981; Wood Valley, 1981; 1:100,000: Hawaii County, Hawaii, 1980

U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000, digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital line graphs (DLGs) (https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#9/19.3228/-155.3865):Contours (100 ft) interpolated from DEMsRoads from DLGs, combined with TIGER/line data. Roads updated 2001 by Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources and Division of Forestry and WildlifeAdministrative boundaries (historic land divisions, ca. 1850 ahupua‘a boundaries and ca. 1900 coastlines) from DLGsHydrology polyline geodatabase extracted from DLGs

U.S. Geological Survey, 1:100,000, Historical Map of Hawaii, GEOPDF (https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#10/19.4167/-155.51495):Geographic names verified August 2017 (https://geonames.usgs.gov/)

Universal Transverse Mercator projection

THIS MAP IS NOT INTENDED FOR NAVIGATION

Geology mapped by J.P. Lockwood (1975–1995) and F.A. Trusdell (1987–1995)GIS database by F.A. TrusdellEdited by J.L. Zigler; digital cartographic production by Donna L. Knifong and Katie SullivanManuscript approved for publication February 5, 2009

ISSN 2329-1311 (print)ISSN 2329-132X (online)

https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2932B

Geologic Map of the Central-Southeast Flank of Mauna Loa Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, HawaiiBy

Frank A. Trusdell and John P. Lockwood2019

CONTOUR INTERVAL 100 FEETDATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL

APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION AT CENTER OF MAP, 2018

9 / °14

MA

GN

ETIC

NO

RTH

TRU

E N

ORT

H

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Map 2932–BSheet 1 of 2

Pamphlet accompanies map

Photograph showing a 1984 fissure that began erupting at the 3,409 m (11,185 ft) elevation, sending a flow southeast towards Kīlauea Volcano. Photograph by John P. Lockwood, U.S. Geological Survey.

Photograph showing a 1984 fissure at 3,409 m (11,185 ft) elevation that is sending a flow southeast towards Kīlauea Volcano; the tip of the 1984 flow is found in the north-central portion of the map sheet. Photograph by Robert Decker, U.S. Geological Survey.