users' privacy concerns about wearables: impact of form factor, sensors and type of data...
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Users’ Privacy Concerns About Wearables: impact of form factor, sensors and type of data collected
Kelly Caine Vivian Genaro Mo0
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Acknowledgements Support: NSF: 1314342 I’m especially thankful to: • Vivian Mo0 • Jacob Sorber • David Kotz • Ryan Halter • Amulet team • hatlab members HATlab!
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Human Factors
• Underexplored – Threats, risks, implicaRons for designers
• Devise beSer soluRons to – Ensure users’ privacy – Ensure privacy of those around wearer – By understanding their perspecRves
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Methods • April and May 2014 • 38 devices • 59 sources
– 15 forums – 34 technical websites – 6 e-‐commerce websites – 4 social media sites
• E.g., Amazon, • BestBuy • ExpertReviews • Reddit • Slate • Wearable CompuRng Review
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Methods
• > 2,000 comments • filtered privacy-‐related comments – 72 comments
• Categorized comments – E.g., “locaRon disclosure”
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Results
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Avoid
Avoid listening
Avoid using device/system
Censor self
Hiding
SelecRve Sharing
Control/Modify
Be careful
Alter for audience
Not in front of others
Quietly
Use code or different language
MiRgate/Alleviate
Ask to remove
Ask to not share
Check
Destroy evidence
Limit distribuRon
Be Vague
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Implica=ons / Timeline
Prevent Control Mi=gate
Before During ADer
Loca=on Disclosure
✔
Social ✔ ✔ ✔
Right to Forget ✔
Discrete Display ✔
Access Control ✔
Users’ Fears
Wrist-‐Worn Devices
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Implica=ons / Timeline
Prevent Control Mi=gate
Before During ADer
Speech Disclosure ✔
Criminal Abuse ✔
Surrep==ous Recording
✔
Facial Recogni=on ✔
Social ✔
Social Media Synchroniza=on
✔
Visual Occlusion ✔
Head-‐Worn Devices
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Wrist-‐Worn Devices
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Right to forget
• ‘it gives a record of everything you’ve done, day in and day out, possibly even some things you don’t want to be reminded of’
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LocaRon disclosure
• ‘… stalkers know where you are at all .mes of the day, know when you go to sleep, riding a car, or climbing a mountain’
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Discreet Display
• ‘the second screen will act as sort of a privacy screen, keeping folks from reading your texts by glancing at your wrist’
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Surveillance
• ‘[wearable devices are] the NSA's new best friend’
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Head-‐Mounted Displays
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Speech Disclosure
• ‘though you can’t mind people overhearing what you are saying’
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Surrep==ous Audio and Video Recording
• Social norms already frown on making surrep==ous audio recordings (though it isn't illegal, it is done only infrequently and with an air of "secret agency" about it); video is much more of an intrusion.’
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Sousveillence
• ‘There's also another challenge that affects not only those who wear Glass, but everyone else around privacy’
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Conclusion • privacy concerns are related to type of sensors/data – Cameras and microphones – GPS – Displays
• Similar to mobile privacy concerns – ExcepRon : increasing invisibility of wearables
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Invisibility
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Acknowledgments
• This material is based upon work supported by the NaRonal Science FoundaRon under Grant No. 1314342.
I’m especially thankful to: • Vivian Mo0 • Jacob Sorber • David Kotz • Ryan Halter • Amulet team • hatlab members
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Want to Learn More about Your Users?
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Q&A
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references
• Cho, G. (Ed.). (2010). Smart clothing: technology and applicaRons. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis
• Kai Kunze, Niels Henze, and Koichi Kise. 2014. Wearable compuRng for older adults: iniRal insights into head-‐mounted display usage. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM InternaRonal Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous CompuRng: Adjunct PublicaRon (UbiComp '14 Adjunct). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 83-‐86. DOI=10.1145/2638728.2638747 hSp://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2638728.2638747
• Ledger, D., & McCaffrey, D. (2014). Inside Wearables How the Science of Human Behavior Change Offers the Secret to Long-‐Term Engagement (p. 18). Endeavour Research Report.
• Mo0, V. G. & Caine, K. E. (2014). Understanding the Wearability of Head-‐mounted Devices from a Human-‐Centered PerspecRve. Proceedings of the InternaRonal Symposium on Wearable Computers ISWC’14.
• Mo0, V. G. & Caine, K. E. (2014). Human Factors ConsideraRons in the Design of Wearable Devices. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual MeeRng. Chicago, IL: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
• Siewiorek, D., Smailagic, A., & Starner, T. (2008). ApplicaRon Design for Wearable CompuRng. (M. Satyanarayanan, Ed.) (p. 74). Mor-‐gan & Claypool.
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