users manual defender tdi td5 v8

Owner’s Handbook

Instruktieboekje

Manuel du Conducteur

Betriebsanleitung

Manuale di Istruzioni

Manual del Conductor

Manual do Proprietário

Owner’s HandbookOwner’s Handbook

Administrator

Owner’s Handbook

Administrator

�DEFENDER 90 - 110 - 130 Td5 -Tdi- V8

Administrator

DEFENDER 90 - 110 - 130

CONTENTS

SECTION 1 Introduction .......................................................... 1

SECTION 2 Controls & instruments ........................................ 7

SECTION 3 Driving & operating ............................................. 45

SECTION 4 Owner maintenance ............................................. 79

SECTION 5 Workshop maintenance ........................................ 123

SECTION 6 General data ......................................................... 155

SECTION 7 Parts & accessories ............................................... 169

SECTION 8 Off-road driving .................................................... 173

Index ..................................................................... 185

In-car entertainment

Forecourt data card

As part of the Land Rover environmental policy, this publication is printed on papermade from chlorine free pulp.

Rover Group Limited 1999 Publication Part No. LRL 0336ENG

1

OWNER’S HANDBOOKThis handbook covers all current versions ofLand Rover Defender petrol and diesel modelsand, together with the Service Portfolio book,provides all the information you need to derivemaximum pleasure from owning and drivingyour new vehicle.

For convenience, the handbook is divided intosections, each dealing with a particular aspectof driving or caring for the vehicle. Sectionsare listed on the contents page; you will find itworthwhile to take a little time to read eachone, and to get to know your Defender assoon as you possibly can. Remember, themore you understand before you drive, thegreater the satisfaction when you are seatedbehind the steering wheel.

The specification of each vehicle will varyaccording to territorial requirements andalso from model to model within the vehiclerange. Some of the information published inthis handbook, therefore, may not apply toyour particular vehicle.

SECTION 1Introduction

Section Contents PageService portfolio 3..........................................Warning labels 3.............................................Vehicle identification number 4.......................Anti-theft precautions 4..................................Breakdown safety code 5................................

Land Rover operates a policy ofconstant product improvement and,therefore, reserves the right to changespecifications without notice at anytime. Whilst every effort is made toensure complete accuracy of theinformation in this handbook, noliabilities for inaccuracies or theconsequences thereof can be acceptedby the manufacturer or the dealer,except in respect of personal injurycaused by the negligence of themanufacturer or the dealer.

All rights reserved. No part of thispublication may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system or transmitted, inany form, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or othermeans without prior written permissionfrom Rover Group Limited.

Introduction

3

SERVICE PORTFOLIOThe Service Portfolio book included in yourliterature pack contains important vehicleidentification information and details of yourentitlement under the terms of the Land Roverwarranty.

Most important of all, however, is the sectionon maintenance. This outlines the servicingrequirements for your vehicle and alsoincludes the 1500 km (1,000 mile) FreeService Voucher, as well as incorporating theservice record slips, which the dealer shouldsign and stamp to certify that routine serviceshave been carried out at the recommendedintervals.

WARNING

Safety warnings are included in thishandbook. These indicate either a procedurewhich must be followed precisely, orinformation that should be considered withgreat care in order to avoid the possibility ofpersonal injury or serious damage to thevehicle.

WARNING LABELS ATTACHED TO THEVEHICLE

Warning labels attached toyour vehicle bearing thissymbol mean: DO NOT touch

or adjust components until you have readthe relevant instructions in the handbook.

Warning labels showing thissymbol indicate that theignition system utilises very

high voltages. DO NOT touch any ignitioncomponents while the starter switch isturned on!

WARNING

Your vehicle has a higher ground clearanceand, therefore, a higher centre of gravitythan ordinary passenger cars. This willresult in different handling characteristics.Inexperienced drivers should take additionalcare, particularly in off-road drivingsituations and when performing abruptmanoeuvres on unstable surfaces.

Introduction

4

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN)If you need to communicate with a LandRover dealer, you may be asked to quote theVehicle Identification Number (VIN).

The VIN and recommended maximum vehicleweights (dependent on market) is stamped ona plate riveted to the top of the brake pedalbox in the engine compartment (this shouldalso match the VIN recorded in the ServicePortfolio book). The VIN is also stamped onthe right-hand side of the chassis, forward ofthe spring mounting turret.

In addition, as a deterrent to car thieves and toassist the police, the VIN is also stamped on aplate visible through the left side of thewindscreen.

A. Type approval

B. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)

C. Gross vehicle weight (where required)

D. Gross train weight (where required)

E. Maximum front axle load (where required)

F. Maximum rear axle load (where required)

NOTE: In the interests of safety, it is essentialthat the gross vehicle weight, gross trainweight and axle loads are NOT exceeded. Forfurther information see ’General data’.

ANTI-THEFT PRECAUTIONSWhile it may be difficult to deter the’professional’ car thief, the majority of theftsare carried out by unskilled opportunists.Therefore, take vehicle security very seriouslyand ALWAYS adopt this simple ’five point’drill whenever you leave your vehicle - evenfor just a few minutes:

• Fully close all the windows (and thesunroof).

• Remove your valuable belongings (or hidethem out of sight).

• Remove the starter key.

• Engage the steering lock (by slightlyturning the wheel until it locks).

• Lock all the doors.

Thieves are attracted to ’vulnerable’ vehicles.Even if you have followed the ’five point’ drill,there is still much you can do to make yourvehicle a less inviting target.

BE SAFE NOT SORRY!

• Park where your vehicle can easily be seenby householders and passers-by.

• At night, park in well lit areas and avoiddeserted or dimly lit side streets.

• At home, if you have a garage, use it - andNEVER leave the keys in the vehicle.

• Do not keep important vehicle documents(or spare keys) in the vehicle - these are areal bonus for the thief.

Introduction

5

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Remember the breakdownsafety code

If a breakdown occurs while travelling:-

• Wherever possible, consistent withroad safety and traffic conditions,the vehicle should be moved off themain thoroughfare, preferably into alay-by. If a breakdown occurs on amotorway, pull well over to theinside of the hard shoulder.

• Switch on hazard lights.

• If possible, position a warningtriangle or a flashing amber light atan appropriate distance from thevehicle to warn other traffic of thebreakdown (note the legalrequirements of some countries).

• Consider evacuating passengersthrough nearside doors onto theverge as a precaution in case yourDefender is struck by anothervehicle.

7

In this section of the handbook you will finddescriptions of the controls and instrumentson your vehicle.

For your own safety, it is most important toread this section fully and to gain a thoroughunderstanding of all the controls beforedriving.

SECTION 2Controls & instruments

Section Contents PageControls 9.......................................................Locks & alarm 11...........................................Seats 21.........................................................Seat belts 24...................................................Instruments 28...............................................Warning lights 29...........................................Lights & indicators 32....................................Wipers & washers 34.....................................Switches 36....................................................Windows 37...................................................Sunroof 38.....................................................Heating & ventilation 39.................................Air conditioning 42.........................................Interior equipment 44.....................................

Controls

9

Right hand steering

1. Ventilator control

2. Rear screen wash/wipe switch

3. Radio/cassette player

4. Ashtray

5. Cigar lighter

6. Bonnet release handle


8. Heater fan control

9. Lighting, direction indicators and horncontrol

10. Instrument and warning light pack

11.Clock

12.Heater controls

13.Hand throttle - if fitted

14.Headlight adjuster

15.Main gear lever

16.Transfer gear lever

17.Handbrake

18.Main lighting switch

19.Clutch pedal

20.Brake pedal

21.Accelerator pedal

22.Rear fog guard lights, heated rear windowand hazard warning light switches

23.Windscreen wash/wipe control

NOTE: The precise specification and location of controls may vary according to territorialrequirements and from model to model within the vehicle ranges.

Controls

10

Left hand steering


2. Rear screen wash/wipe switch

3. Radio/cassette player

4. Ashtray

5. Cigar lighter

6. Bonnet release handle


8. Heater fan control

9. Lighting, direction indicators and horncontrol

10. Instrument and warning light pack

11.Clock

12.Heater controls

13.Hand throttle - if fitted

14.Main gear lever

15.Transfer gear lever

16.Handbrake

17.Main lighting switch

18.Clutch pedal

19.Brake pedal

20.Accelerator pedal

21.Windscreen wash/wipe control

22.Headlight adjuster - if fitted

NOTE: The precise specification and location of controls may vary according to territorialrequirements and from model to model within the vehicle ranges.

Locks & Alarm

11

KEYSYou have been supplied with two sets of keys,comprising:

• a black key for operating the starterswitch.

• a plain, metal, key for operating the doorlocks.

• A smaller metal key (marked ’FUEL’) tooperate the fuel filler cap lock.

Key numbersThe starter key number is stamped on a tagattached to the key ring. Both key numbersshould be entered on the Security Informationcard.

WARNING

For safety, remove the Security Informationcard from the literature pack and keep itwith the key tag, and spare keys in a safeplace - AWAY FROM THE VEHICLE!

Front door locksFrom outside the vehicle, the door locks canONLY be operated with the key. Turn the keytowards the rear to lock and towards the frontto unlock.

Door sill locking buttons

From inside the vehicle, each door can beindividually locked by depressing theappropriate sill locking button.

WARNING

DO NOT depress the sill buttons as a meansof locking the doors from outside the vehicle(this practice - known as ’slam locking’ - isNOT recommended, because keys can belocked inside accidentally).

Locks & Alarm

12

Child-proof locks(110 Station wagon)

Move the locking levers down to engage thechild-proof locks (see illustration).

With the locks engaged, the rear doors cannotbe opened from inside the vehicle, therebyreducing the risk of a door being openedaccidentally while the vehicle is moving.

Taildoor(if fitted)

From outside, use the door key to lock andunlock the taildoor. From inside and with thedoor closed, push the locking button up tolock and down to unlock (as illustration).

Locks & Alarm

13

ALARM SYSTEM(if fitted)

Your vehicle is fitted with a sophisticatedanti-theft alarm and engine immobilisationsystem. In order to combine maximum vehiclesecurity with minimum inconvenience, you areadvised to gain a full understanding of thealarm system by thoroughly reading thissection of the handbook.

Features of the alarm systemPerimeter protection: This part of the alarmsystem protects the doors, bonnet andtaildoor against unauthorised entry - the alarmsounding if any one of these apertures isopened without the alarm first beingdisarmed.

Interior protection: Also known as volumetricprotection, this part of the system protects thespace inside the vehicle. If movement withinthe passenger compartment, or intrusionsthrough the windows or sunroof are detected,the alarm will sound.

Engine immobilisation: The engine isimmobilised electronically whenever the alarmsystem is armed. Even if the alarm has notbeen armed, engine immobilisation will occurautomatically thirty seconds after the driver’sdoor is opened, or five minutes after thestarter switch is turned to position ’0’.

In practice, this means it is virtuallyimpossible to leave your Defender unattendedwithout the engine being immobilised.

ARMING THE ALARM

WARNING

If a passenger or animal is to be left insidethe vehicle, or if a window or sunroof is tobe left open, interior protection must bedisabled. Refer to ’Interior protection’before arming the alarm.

To arm the alarm, aim the handset at theDefender and press the right hand button(PADLOCK SYMBOL). Provided all the doorsand other apertures are closed, the directionindicator lights will flash three times toconfirm that the alarm is armed. All thesecurity features described previously will beactive.

Once armed, the alarm will sound if a door orthe bonnet is opened, or if movement isdetected inside the vehicle.

Locks & Alarm

14

Disarming the alarmWithin range of the vehicle, briefly press theleft (PLAIN) button on the handset; thedirection indicator lights will flash once toindicate that the alarm has been disarmed andthe engine re-mobilised.

NOTE: In some territories, the interior lightswill illuminate when the alarm is disarmed.

If the direction indicators fail to flash whenthe alarm is armed:This indicates that a door or the bonnet is notfully closed, in which case the alarm will stillbe partially armed and the engineimmobilised, but interior protection will not beactive.

Once the open door or bonnet is closed, thedirection indicators will flash three times andthe alarm will fully arm as describedpreviously.

If the alarm sounds:The vehicle horn and alarm siren will soundcontinuously for 30 seconds and then switchoff. The horn and siren can be triggered up tothree times.

To silence the alarm, press either handsetbutton. If the handset is inoperative, the alarmcan only be disarmed by entering theemergency key access code (see ’Engineimmobilisation override’).

Anti-theft alarm indicator lightA RED indicator light on the instrument panelindicates the status of the alarm system.When the alarm is armed successfully, thelight FLASHES rapidly. After 10 seconds, thelight adjusts to a slower frequency, andcontinues flashing as an anti-theft deterrentuntil the alarm is disarmed.

If the light fails to illuminate during the rapidflash phase, this indicates a ’mislock’ (door orbonnet not fully closed or key in starterswitch). If this occurs, the indicator light willstill flash at the slower frequency as ananti-theft deterrent.

If the light illuminates continuously, thisindicates that the engine has immobilisedpassively (see ’Engine immobilisation’).

Locks & Alarm

15

Interior protectionInterior protection is activated automaticallywhen the alarm system is armed; twin sensorsinside the vehicle monitor the interior spaceand will activate the alarm if an intrusion isdetected.

However, if passengers or animals are to beleft inside the vehicle, or if a window orsunroof is to be left open, the alarm must bearmed with interior protection DISABLED asfollows:

To disable interior protection:1. Open the driver’s door.2. With the driver’s door open, use thehandset to arm the alarm in the normal way.3. Close the driver’s door (the directionindicator lights flash three times and theanti-theft indicator light commences flashingrapidly). The alarm system is now armed withinterior protection disabled.

WARNING

If the vehicle is to be left with windows orsunroof open, or with passengers or animalsinside, the interior protection MUST BEDISABLED, as described above.

NOTE: Interior protection will not operate forthe first 15 seconds after the alarm is set.

ENGINE IMMOBILISATIONEngine immobilisation is an important aspectof the vehicle’s security system, and occursautomatically whenever the alarm system isarmed.

The system also includes a feature known as’passive immobilisation’, which is designed tosafeguard the vehicle from theft should thedriver forget to lock the doors or arm thealarm.

Passive immobilisation occurs automatically:

• thirty seconds after the starter switch hasbeen turned off AND the driver’s dooropened.

• five minutes after the starter switch isturned off or the alarm system isdisarmed.


The engine immobilisation system relieson the handset to re-mobilise the engine.Look after the handsets at all times,protecting them from loss, damage andbattery discharge.

If the engine has immobilised passively,re-mobilisation will occur when thestarter switch is turned to position ’II’,provided the handset is on the same ringas the key and in close proximity to theswitch.

• ALWAYS keep the handset on thesame ring as the key.

• NEVER attach both handsets to theSAME key ring.

Any attempt to start the engine while it isimmobilised will cause the engineimmobilisation warning light (on the leftof the warning light panel) to flash.

Locks & Alarm

16

Engine immobilisation overrideIf the handset is lost or fails to operate, engineimmobilisation can be overridden by using thestarter key to enter the four digit emergencykey access code (this code is recorded on theSecurity Information card). The procedure forentering the code is described below.

Before entering the code, note the following:

If your handset is lost or inoperative, it isimpossible to disarm the alarm. As soon asthe door is opened, the alarm will sound(continuously for up to three 30 secondperiods), and continue while the code is beingentered. Remove the handset from the keyring and keep the handset well away from thestarter switch when entering the code.

1. With the driver’s door closed, insert the keyinto the starter switch, turn to position ’II’ andhold in this position for 5 seconds. Thenswitch off, and open and close the driver’sdoor.

2. Turn the switch to position ’II’ the requirednumber of times to enter the first digit of thecode (if the first digit is 4, turn the key toposition ’II’ and then back to ’0’ four times).

3. Open the driver’s door (to enter the firstdigit) and then close the door again.

4. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ andback to ’0’ the required number of times toenter the SECOND digit of the code.

5. Open the driver’s door (to enter the seconddigit) and then close the door again.

6. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ andback to ’0’ the required number of times toenter the THIRD digit of the code.

7. Open the driver’s door (to enter the thirddigit) and then close the door again.

8. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ andback to ’0’ the required number of times toenter the FOURTH digit of the code.

9. Finally, OPEN and CLOSE the driver’s door.If the code has been entered correctly, theanti-theft indicator light will extinguish and theengine can be started.

Locks & Alarm

17

If an incorrect code has been entered:If the code is entered incorrectly, the anti-theftindicator light will continue to illuminate andthe engine will fail to start. Before entering thecode again, turn the starter switch to position’II’ and hold in this position for 5 seconds.

After three failed attempts, the securitysystem invokes a delay period of thirtyminutes during which the system will notaccept any further codes.

WARNING

• NEVER leave the Security Informationcard in the vehicle.

• Memorize the emergency key accesscode or keep the Security Informationcard on your person in case ofemergencies.

Locks & Alarm

18

HANDSET BATTERY


• BEFORE replacing a handset battery,disarm the alarm and unlock thedoors.

• DO NOT remove an expired batteryuntil you are ready to install thereplacement.

• The engine will immobilise fiveminutes after the key is removedfrom the starter switch. If handsetbattery replacement is NOTcompleted within this period, theemergency key access code willhave to be entered before thehandset can be synchronised.

The handset battery should last forapproximately three years dependent uponuse. When the battery needs replacing it willbe apparent from the following symptoms:

• The handset will only work every otheroperation while disarming.

• The direction indicator lights will not flashwhen the alarm is disarmed.

Locks & Alarm

19

Always fit a Land Rover STC4080 or aPanasonic CR2032 replacement battery(available from a Land Rover dealer) andadopt the following replacement procedure:

1) Unlock the vehicle and disarm the alarmsystem.

2) Turn the starter switch to position ’II’, thenturn to position ’0’ and remove the key.

3) Carefully prise the handset apart, start fromthe keyring end using a coin or smallscrewdriver. Avoid damaging the seal betweenthe two halves of the case and DO NOT allowdirt or moisture to get inside the handset.

4) Slide the battery out of its clip, taking careto avoid touching the circuit board or thecontact surfaces of the clip.

5) Press and hold one of the buttons for atleast five seconds (this will drain any residualpower from the handset).

6) Fit the new battery, ensuring that correctpolarity is maintained (positive (’+’) sidefacing up). Finger marks will adversely affectbattery life; if possible, avoid touching the flatsurfaces of the battery and wipe them cleanbefore fitting.

7) Reassemble the two halves of the handset,then operate the PADLOCK symbol button atleast four times within range of the vehicle toresynchronise the handset.

The handset is now ready for use.

WARNING

The handset contains delicate electroniccircuits and must be protected from impactand water damage, high temperatures andhumidity, direct sunlight and the effects ofsolvents, waxes and abrasive cleaners.

Locks & Alarm

20


Battery disconnectionYour vehicle is equipped with a battery backed-up sounder, which operates as an anti-theftsiren if the vehicle battery is disconnected.Before disconnecting the vehicle battery, it is ESSENTIAL to refer to ’Battery removal andreplacement’ in Section 4, in order to prevent the alarm from sounding.If the vehicle battery is disconnected for any reason, the status of the security system prior todisconnection will be memorized and automatically reset when the battery is reconnected.

ALARM OR HANDSET DIFFICULTIES

Alarm goes off unexpectedly. (a) Ensure all windows and sunroof are closed.(b) Disable interior space protection.

Alarm goes off when door opened. Disarm the alarm with the handset beforeunlocking. If the handset has failed, enter theemergency key access code (refer to ’Engineimmobilisation override’).

Starter will not operate. Ensure handset is on same ring as starter key. Ifit still will not operate, consult a Land Roverdealer.

Direction indicator lights don’t flashwhen alarm is armed.

A door or bonnet is partially open.

Seats

21

FRONT SEAT ADJUSTMENT

WARNING

To avoid the risk of loss of control andpersonal injury, never adjust the driver’sseat or seatback while the vehicle is inmotion.

Forward/backward movementLift the bar at the front of the seat base toslide the seat forward or back. Ensure the seatis locked in position before driving.

Backrest movementLift the lever and lean backwards or forwardsto achieve the desired angle, then lower thelever to lock.

WARNING

DO NOT allow front seat occupants to travelwith the seat backs reclined steeplyrearwards. Optimum benefit is obtainedfrom the seat belt with the seat back angleset to 25 degrees from the upright (vertical)position.

Seats

22

FOLDING THE REAR SEATS - (if fitted)Before folding the rear seats;

• Slide the front seats forward.

• Ensure that the outer rear seat belts arecorrectly stowed in their belt clips.

• Pass the seat belt locks through thejunction of the backrest and the cushionand into the loadspace.

Individually split rear seats

NOTE: The two outer seats must be foldedfirst, thereby releasing the centre seat.

Outer seats;

1. Release the catch (see first inset).

2. Fold the backrest forward.

3. Slide back the bolt (see second inset).

4. Lift and fold the seat base forwards.

Centre seat;

5. Release the catch - as (1).


7. Lift and fold the seat base forwards.

When returning the backrest to the uprightposition, ensure it is securely latched in placebefore driving.

WARNING

DO NOT adjust the seats while the vehicle isin motion.

When the seat is erected, the latchingmechanism should be visually checked andphysically tested to ensure that the latch issecure before driving.

Seats

23

60/40 split rear seats

1. Pull up the release catch.


3. Lift and fold the seat base forward.

4. Fold away the seat stand.

WARNING

DO NOT adjust the seats while the vehicle isin motion.

When re-erecting the seats, ensure that theseat stands are properly positioned.

When the seat is erected, the latchingmechanism should be visually checked andphysically tested to ensure that the latch issecure before driving.

Seat belts

24

SEAT BELT SAFETYSeat belts are life saving equipment.In a collision, unrestrained passengers can bethrown around inside the vehicle, or possiblythrown out of the vehicle, resulting in injury tothemselves and to other occupants. DO NOTtake chances with safety!

• DO make sure ALL passengers aresecurely strapped in at all times - even forthe shortest journeys.

• ALWAYS adjust seat belts to eliminate anyslack in the webbing, and to ensure thatthe diagonal belt passes across theshoulder without slipping off or pressingon the neck.

• ALWAYS fit the lap strap as low on thehips as possible (never across theabdomen).

• DO have seat belts checked if the vehiclehas been involved in an accident.

• DO NOT allow front seat occupants totravel with the seat backs reclined steeplyrearwards. Optimum benefit is obtainedfrom the seat belt with the seat back angleset to 25 degrees from the upright(vertical) position.

• DO NOT fit more than one person into abelt, or fit a seat belt that is twisted orobstructed in any way that could impedeits smooth operation.

• DO NOT allow foreign matter (particularlysugary food and drink particles) to enterthe seat belt locks - such substances canrender the locks inoperative.

WARNING

Pregnant women should ask a doctor foradvice about the safest way to wear seatbelts.

Seat belts

25

WARNING

At all times, occupants should wear a seatbelt for their protection in the event of acollision or sudden stop. In somecircumstances, perhaps due to the vehiclebeing on a slope, the automatic lockingmechanism may engage, preventing theinitial extension of the belt. This is not afault - ease the belt free and use it.

Fastening the inertia reel beltsDraw the belt over the shoulder and acrossthe chest, and insert the metal tongue plateinto the lock nearest the wearer - a ’click’indicates that the belt is securely locked.

Seat belts are designed to bear upon the bonystructure of the body (pelvis, chest andshoulders) and can only be worn safely withthe webbing crossing the shoulder MIDWAYBETWEEN THE NECK AND THE EDGE OF THESHOULDER and with the seats in a normalUPRIGHT position - DO NOT allow the frontpassenger to travel with the seat steeplyreclined.

Lap beltsTo adjust, pull the slider along the belt andfeed the webbing through the buckle until thebelt is comfortably tight. When not in use, thelap belts should be fastened.

Seat belts

26

Infant and child restraintsAll infant and child restraint systems aredesigned to be secured in vehicle seats bymeans of a lap belt or the lap portion of alap/shoulder belt.

When installing and using any infant or childrestraint system, always follow theinstructions provided by the manufacturerconcerning installation and use. Failure toproperly secure the child restraint system inthe vehicle can endanger the child in acollision or sudden stop and cause injury toother passengers.

Centre and inward facing seats are fitted withlap belts which can be manually tightened tosecure an infant or child restraint system.Older children should use the lap/shoulderbelt fitted to the outer rear seating positions.

Never leave a child unattended in yourvehicle.

WARNING

Infants and children too small for seat beltsshould be restrained in a child safety seat orrestraint system, appropriate to their ageand/or size, and which is approved for usein your vehicle. Always ensure that themanufacturer’s fitting instructions arefollowed exactly.

• DO NOT allow a baby or infant to becarried on the lap. The force of a crashcan increase the effective body weightby as much as 30 times, making itimpossible to hold on to the child.

• DO NOT use a child seat that ’hooks’over a seatback, it is not secure!

• Accident statistics show that children aresafer when properly restrained in therear seating positions than in the front.However, if a forward facing child seatsuitable for the size of child is availableand it is necessary for a child to travel inthe front, set the seat fully rearwardsand use an approved FORWARD FACINGchild seat - DO NOT INSTALLREARWARD FACING CHILD SEATS INANY FRONT PASSENGER SEATPOSITION.

Seat belts

27

Caring for seat beltsRegularly inspect the belt webbing for signs ofwear, paying particular attention to the fixingpoints and adjusters. Always replace a seatbelt that has withstood the strain of an impactor shows signs of fraying.

DO NOT bleach or dye the webbing. Clean thewebbing using warm water and non-detergentsoap only - allow to dry naturally and DO NOTretract the belt until completely dry.

Testing inertia reel beltsFrom time to time carry out the followingtests:

1. With the seat belt fastened, give thewebbing near the buckle a quick upwardpull. The buckle must remain securelylocked.

2. With the seat belt unfastened, unreel thewebbing to the limit of its travel. Checkthat unreeling is free from snatches andsnags.

3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold thetongue plate and give it a quick forwardpull. The safety mechanism must lockautomatically and prevent any furtherunreeling.

Instruments

28

1. SpeedometerIndicates road speed in miles and/orkilometres per hour.

2. Anti-theft alarm indicator lightIndicates the status of the alarm system (see’Locks & alarm’).

3. Total distance and trip recorderIndicates the total distance or the individualjourney distance travelled by the vehicle.

4. Total distance and trip recordermode/reset button

Press and release the mode button to changethe digital display between either the totaldistance the vehicle has travelled, or theindividual journey distance. Press and holdthe button to reset the trip recorder to zero.

5. Fuel gaugeThe pointer indicates the fuel level when thestarter switch is turned to position ’II’.

6. Temperature gaugeOnce the engine coolant has reached itsnormal operating temperature, the pointershould remain between the ’C’ (cold) and’H’ (hot) segments. If the pointer enters the’H’ segment, stop the vehicle as soon assafety permits and seek qualified assistancebefore continuing.

7. ClockTo adjust the time, use a ball point pen orsimilar probe to advance or put back the time,using the right or left hand buttons at thebottom of the clock bezel.

NOTE: The clock will need to be reset if thebattery has been disconnected.

8. Warning lightsThe specification of the warning lights willvary according to model and marketrequirements (see ’Warning lights’).

Warning lights

29

The warning lights are colour coded asfollows:

RED lights are warnings.

WARNING

DO NOT drive if a RED warning light remainson once the engine is running or illuminateswhilst driving.

GREEN & BLUE lights indicate that a unit isoperating.

AMBER lights show that a unit is operatingand should be switched off (or rectified) assoon as conditions allow.

Low engine oil pressure - REDIlluminates as a bulb checkwhen the starter switch is

turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes whenthe engine is running. If it remains on, orilluminates whilst driving, STOP THE VEHICLEas soon as safety permits and seek qualifiedassistance before continuing. Always check oillevels when this light illuminates.

NOTE: At very low ambient temperatures, thelight may take several seconds to extinguish.

Battery charging - REDIlluminates as a bulb checkwhen the starter switch is

turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes whenthe engine is running. If it remains on, orilluminates whilst driving, a fault is indicated.Seek qualified assistance urgently.

Handbrake & brake system-REDThe light illuminates when the

handbrake is applied and extinguishes when itis fully released. If the light illuminates whilethe handbrake is released, a fault with thebraking system is indicated, check the brakefluid level (see ’Maintenance’). If the lightcontinues to illuminate, seek qualifiedassistance urgently.

Direction indicators - GREENFlashes in conjunction with thedirection indicators. If the light

does not illuminate, this may indicate a bulbfailure in the warning light pack or in one ofthe direction indicator lights.

Headlight main beam - BLUEIlluminates whenever the mainbeam headlights are on.

Warning lights

30

Hazard warning lights - REDIlluminates in conjunction withthe direction indicator warning

lights, when the hazard warning lights areoperated.

Differential lock - AMBERIlluminates whenever thedifferential lock is engaged.

If the light remains on after the differentiallock is disengaged, transmission ’wind up’may be present. Reversing for a shortdistance and then going forward will usually’unwind’ the transmission. If the light remainson, contact your dealer as soon as possible.

Heated rear screen - AMBERIlluminates when the rearscreen heater is operating.

Engine immobilisation - REDFlashes during any attempt tostart the engine when the

engine is immobilised.

Trailer direction indicators -GREENFlashes in conjunction with the

vehicle direction indicator lights to show thatall trailer indicator lights are functioningcorrectly. In the event of a bulb failure on thetrailer, the warning light flashes once and thenremains off.

NOTE: When a trailer is not fitted, thewarning light will only flash once.

Sidelights - GREENIlluminates whenever thesidelights are on.

Rear fog guard lights - AMBERIlluminates whenever the rearfog guard lights are on.

REMEMBER: In clear conditions, rear fogguard lights can dazzle other road users. UseONLY when visibility is severely restricted.

Glow plugs - AMBER(diesels only)Illuminates whenever the

starter switch is turned to position ’II’ if theengine is cold. WAIT for the light to extinguishbefore starting the engine.

Anti-lock braking system -AMBER (if fitted)Illuminates for approximately 1

second as a bulb and system check when thestarter switch is turned to position ’II’, andbriefly extinguishes before coming on again. Ifthe light does not extinguish and then comeon again, then a fault occurred with the ABSsystem and you should consult a qualifieddealer at the earliest opportunity. The warninglight will remain on until the vehicle is drivenabove approximately 5 mph (7 km/h).

If the light remains on or subsequentlyilluminates while driving, a fault has beendetected by the self monitoring system. Thismeans that full ABS control may not beavailable and you should consult your dealerat the earliest opportunity.

Warning lights

31

Traction control - AMBER(if fitted)Illuminates as a bulb and

system check, when the starter switch isturned to position ’II’ and extinguishes afterapproximately 4 seconds. The light illuminatesfor a minimum of 2 seconds, whenevertraction control is operating.

If the warning light flashes (for at least 10seconds); this indicates that the tractioncontrol has been operating for too long andhas temporarily shut down to allow thesystem to cool down - this will only occur inextreme conditions.

If the light illuminates continuously, a faultwith the system is indicated - seek qualifiedassistance.

Transmission oil temperature- RED (if fitted)Illuminates when gearbox oil

temperature is too high (most likely to occurin very hot weather, during continuous highspeed driving, when towing heavy loads onsteep inclines).

If the light illuminates, reduce speed. If thelight remains on, stop the vehicle and do notdrive until it has extinguished.

Check engine - AMBER(Td5 models only)Illuminates as a bulb and

system check when the starter switch isturned to position ’II’ and extinguishes afterapproximately 3 seconds. Illumination at anyother time indicates an engine fault - if thelight illuminates, avoid high speeds and seekqualified assistance urgently.

Fuel filter - AMBER(Td5 models only)Illuminates as a bulb check

when the starter switch is turned to position’II’ and extinguishes after approximately 2seconds. If the light illuminates while driving,this indicates the presence of excessiveamounts of water in the fuel. You maycontinue driving, but should seek qualifiedassistance at the earliest opportunity.

Low fuel - AMBERIlluminates when the fuelremaining in the tank drops to

a minimum of 2 gallons (9 litres). If the lightilluminates, refuel at the first opportunity.

Cold start - AMBER(Petrol engines only)Illuminates when the cold start

control is selected and extinguishes when thecold start control is pushed fully in.

Lights & indicators

32

Direction indicatorsMove the lever DOWN to indicate a LEFT turn,and UP to indicate a RIGHT turn (the GREENwarning light on the instrument panel willflash in time with the direction indicators).Hold the lever part-way up or down againstspring pressure to indicate a lane change.

Main light switchLever position;

• Static - all lights off

• First position - side, tail and instrumentpanel lights on (see ’Dim-dip’ headlights)

• Second position - headlights on

Headlight main beam and ’flash’With the headlights switched on, push thelever away from the steering wheel to activatemain beam (BLUE warning light illuminates).

To flash the headlights, pull the lever part-waytowards the steering wheel and then release.

HornPress end of the lever to operate the horn.

Lights & indicators

33

Headlight levelling (if fitted)The height of the headlight beams is affectedby the distribution of weight inside the vehicle.Always ensure your headlights are adjusted sothat the point at which they meet the roadsurface ahead of the vehicle providesadequate illumination, without dazzling otherroad users.

The following load conditions should be usedas a guide.

Position ’0’: Driver only, or driver and all frontseats occupied (loadspace empty).

Position ’1’: All seats occupied (loadspaceempty).

Position ’2’: All seats occupied by adults andloadspace loaded to maximum rear axleweight.

Position ’3’: Driver only with the loadspaceloaded to maximum rear axle weight.

NOTE: The maximum rear axle weight can befound in the ’General data’ section.

Vehicles fitted with front seats only:Positions ’1’ and ’2’ should only be used whenrequired, according to the distribution andweight of the load being carried.

Wipers & washers

34

WARNING

To prevent possible overload damage to thelinkage or the wiper motors in eitherfreezing or extremely hot conditions, caremust be taken to ensure that the wiperblades are not adhering to the glass beforeoperating the wipers.

WINDSCREEN WIPERS

• Single wipePush the lever up against spring pressureand release immediately.

NOTE: With the lever held up, the wipers willcontinue operating at slow speed until it isreleased.

• Intermittent wipePull lever down.

• Normal speed wipePush lever up to first position.

• Fast speed wipePush lever up to second position.

• Windscreen washerPress to operate (the wipers will alsooperate).

Wipers & washers

35

Rear window wash/wipeThe rear window wash/wipe only operateswith the starter switch turned to position ’II’.

• Press and hold to operate the washer.

• Rotate clockwise and hold to operate thewiper for the required duration.


• DO NOT operate the wipers on a dryscreen.

• In freezing or very hot conditions,ensure that the blades are not frozenor stuck to the glass.

• In winter, remove any snow or icefrom around the arms and blades,including the wiped area of thewindscreen and the heater airintakes.

NOTE: If the wiper blades have stuck tothe glass, a thermal cut-out maytemporarily prevent the wiper motor fromoperating. If this is the case, switch thewipers off, free them from theobstruction and then switch on again.

Switches

36

Heated rear window (if fitted)

Press the lower portion of theswitch to operate; press theupper portion to switch off. The

warning light in the instrument panelilluminates while the heating elements areswitched on and extinguishes when they areturned off.

WARNING

DO NOT stick labels over the heatingelements, and DO NOT scrape or useabrasive materials to clean the inside of therear window.

Hazard warning lights

Press the lower portion of theswitch to operate (switchindicator illuminates); all the

direction indicator lights (including thosefitted to a trailer) will flash in conjunction witheach other.

Use ONLY in an emergency to warn otherroad users when your stationary vehicle iscausing an obstruction, or is in a hazardoussituation. Switch off by pressing the upperportion before moving away.

Rear fog guard lights (if fitted)

Press to switch on and off, thewarning light in the instrumentpanel illuminates when the fog

lights are on. The rear fog guard lights operateonly when the starter switch is at position ’II’and when the headlights are switched on.

NOTE: The rear fog guard lights extinguishautomatically when the ignition or theheadlights are switched off and will need to bereselected manually.

WARNING

The rear fog guard lights can only legally beused when visibility is severely restricted -other road users could be dazzled in clearconditions.

Windows

37

WINDOWSFront/rear windows;Raise or lower the window by rotating thehandle mounted on the door trim pad.

Sliding rear windows; (if fitted)To open, press the catch tongues together,slide the window to the desired position andrelease the catch, ensuring that it locatessecurely in the sockets, locking the window inposition.

Sunroof

38

SUNROOF (if fitted)The sunroof can be opened to varying degreesor, if required, can be removed completely.

To OPEN the roof:Turn the hand wheel anti-clockwise to give thedesired opening.

To CLOSE the roof:Turn the hand wheel clockwise until resistanceis felt.

To REMOVE the roof:

Open the sunroof fully and push the catch (1)rearwards to disengage the hand wheelmechanism.

Remove the sunroof by tilting upwards andlifting rearwards to disengage the locatinglugs.

WARNING

DO NOT store the sunroof loose in thevehicle.

DO NOT allow passengers to extend any partof their bodies through the sunroof while thevehicle is moving.

DO NOT remove the sunroof whilst thevehicle is moving.

Refit the sunroof by following the sameprocedure in reverse.

Heating & ventilation

39

Fresh air ventsTo open the two vents in the windscreenframe, push the lever to the right and thendownwards to the desired position andrelease.

The temperature of air supplied to the fresh airvents is not controlled by the heater.

NOTE: For vehicles fitted with an air conditioning system, the location and operation of air vents isdescribed on a later page (see ’Air conditioning’).


40

HEATER CONTROLS

NOTE: For vehicles fitted with an airconditioning system, the heater controls aredescribed on a later page (see ’Airconditioning’).

1. Temperature controlMove the lever downwards (towards theRED segment) to increase air temperature,or upwards (towards the BLUE segment)to reduce air temperature.

2. Air distribution control

• Lever fully up - windscreen vents only.

• Lever midway - foot level and windscreenvents.

• Lever fully down - foot level vents (alsoprovides some air to the windscreen).

3. Fan speed control

• Lever at position ’0’ - no air will enter thevehicle through the blower vents.

• Lever between positions ’0’ and’1’ -progressively more air will enter thevehicle, depending solely on the ram effectof the vehicle moving through the air.

• Lever between positions ’1’ and ’2’ - thefan will operate and progressively increasein speed.


41

USING YOUR HEATEREnsure the front grille and the air intake grilleon the front wing are kept clear ofobstructions (especially snow and ice).

The following examples of basic heatersettings are intended as a general guide; theair distribution, temperature and blowercontrols can then be further adjusted to suityour comfort requirements.

Always remember that full heating is notavailable until the engine has reached itsnormal operating temperature.

Maximum heating

• Temperature control - fully down.

• Distribution control - midway.

• Fan speed control - fully down.

• Fresh air vents - fully closed.

Demisting and defrosting

• Temperature control - fully down.

• Distribution control - fully up.


• Fresh air vents - fully open for demisting(closed for defrosting).

• Opening a window may improveventilation.

Maximum ventilation

• Temperature control - fully up.

• Distribution control - fully down.


• Fresh air vents - fully open.

Air conditioning

42

CONTROLS

1. On/off blower controlRotate clockwise to the first position to turnon the air conditioning. Rotate further(positions II and III) to increase the flow ofconditioned air from the four vents in thelower fascia.

NOTE: The air conditioning will only operatewith the engine running.

2. Temperature controlRotate clockwise (positions I to III) to obtainprogressively cooler air.

Air ventsThe four air conditioning vents located in thelower fascia can be adjusted to suit yourrequirements. The adjuster in the centre ofeach vent can be used to adjust volume anddirection of air. To cut off the supply of airfrom any particular vent, slide the adjusterfully to the left.

USING THE AIR CONDITIONING (if fitted)If your vehicle has been fitted with an airconditioning system, you may find thefollowing guidelines useful.

Air conditioning provides additional cooling tothe vehicle interior and also reduces themoisture content of the air.

It is important to keep the windows, sunroofand fresh air vents closed during operation.

Points to remember:

• If the temperature inside the vehicle ishigher than that outside when you startthe engine, it will take time for the airconditioning to become fully effective. It isbest to ventilate the vehicle by opening thewindows and setting the controls to’Maximum cooling’ (see next page). Whenthe vehicle has been ventilated, close thewindows and set the blower controls forpersonal comfort.

• Operating the air conditioning takes powerfrom the engine and consequentlyincreases fuel consumption.

• All air conditioning systems need to beoperated for a short while every week(even in winter) to maintain them in peakcondition.

• The air conditioning system will alsodehumidify air. The surplus waterproduced by this process is expelled fromthe system via drain tubes beneath thevehicle. This may result in a small pool ofwater forming on the road when thevehicle is stationary and is not a cause forconcern.

Air conditioning

43

The following examples of air conditioningsettings are included for your guidance:

NOTE: If air conditioning is to be used,ensure that the fresh air vents are closed andthat the heater unit controls are set to;Temperature control - fully up.Fan speed control - position ’0’.Distribution control - fully up.

Normal coolingTemperature control - set to positions I or II.

Blower control - set to desired speed.

Maximum coolingTemperature control - set to position III.

Blower control - set to position III

Interior equipment

44

INTERIOR LIGHTSWith the switch midway between the ’ON’ and’OFF’ positions, the light will illuminateautomatically whenever a door is opened andremain illuminated for approximately 15seconds after ALL the doors are closed, oruntil the starter switch is turned on.When alighting from the vehicle, the interiorlights will fade and then extinguish as soon asthe last door is closed.

NOTE: Any subsequent opening and shuttingof doors prior to the starter switch beingturned on again, will cause the 15 seconddelay feature to operate.

NOTE: If a door remains open for eightminutes, a ’time-out’ function will extinguishthe lights to avoid discharging the battery.

CIGAR LIGHTERWith the starter switch turned to position II,press the lighter in to heat up. When it hasreached the correct temperature it will partiallyeject and can then be withdrawn for use.

• ONLY hold the cigar lighter by the handle.

• DO NOT use the ashtray for disposing ofwaste paper or other combustiblematerials.

• DO NOT plug accessories into the cigarlighter socket unless they are approved byLand Rover.

ASHTRAYLift the lid of the ashtray to open. To remove,carefully prise the ashtray out of the fasciapanel.

45

SECTION 3Driving & operating

Section Contents PageStarter switch & steering lock 47....................Starting & driving 48......................................Fuel 55............................................................Gearbox & transmission 59............................Brakes 64.......................................................Traction control 68.........................................Towing & load carrying 69.............................Emergency starting 72....................................Vehicle recovery 74........................................Ancillary equipment 76...................................

Starter switch & steering lock

47

To unlock the steering columnInsert the ignition key FULLY and turn thestarter switch to position ’I’, while turning thesteering wheel slightly to disengage the lock.

To lock the steering columnTurn the starter switch to position ’0’ andwithdraw the key from the starter switch. Turnthe steering wheel towards the straight aheadposition until the lock engages.

WARNING

DO NOT remove the key or turn the starterswitch to position ’0’ while the vehicle is inmotion. Once the steering lock is engaged,it is impossible to steer the vehicle.

STARTER SWITCHThe starter switch is located to the left of thesteering column, and uses the followingsequence of key positions to operate thesteering lock, electrical circuits and startermotor.

Position ’0’

Steering locked (if key is removed).

Most lighting circuits are operational,including: sidelights, headlights, hazardwarning lights and rear fog guard lights.

Position ’I’

Steering unlocked.

Radio/cassette player can be operated.

Position ’II’

All instruments, warning lights and electricalcircuits are operational.

Position ’III’

Starter motor operates.

Release the key immediately the engine starts(the key will automatically return to position’II’).

Note that operation of position ’I’ electricalfunctions will be interrupted during enginecranking.

Starting & driving

48

STARTING - DIESEL ENGINES

1. Check that the handbrake is applied andthat the gear lever is in neutral.

2. Switch off all unnecessary electricalequipment.

3. Insert the starter key and turn the switchto position ’II’. Wait until the glow plugwarning light extinguishes.

NOTE: When restarting a warm engine, it willnot be necessary to wait for the glow plugwarning light to extinguish.

4. Turn the key to position ’III’ to operate thestarter motor; DO NOT press theaccelerator pedal during starting, andRELEASE THE KEY as soon as the engineis running.

NOTE: In temperate climates, the batterycharging and oil pressure warning lightsshould extinguish as soon as the engine isrunning.

In cold weather, or when the battery is in alow state of charge, depress the clutch pedalwhile starting and hold it down until theengine is running.

In temperate climates, DO NOT operate thestarter for longer than 10 seconds; if theengine fails to start, switch off and wait 10seconds before re-using the starter. Pleasenote that prolonged use of the starter will notonly discharge the battery but may alsodamage the starter motor.

Starting & driving

49

Cold climatesIn very cold climates, the battery charging andoil pressure warning lights may take severalseconds to extinguish. Similarly, enginecranking times will also increase; at -30° C thestarter motor may need to be operatedcontinuously for as long as 30 seconds beforethe engine will start. For this reason, ensurethat all non-essential electrical equipment isswitched off.

Warming upIn the interests of fuel economy, it is advisableto start driving straight away, rememberingthat harsh acceleration or labouring the enginebefore the normal operating temperature hasbeen reached can damage the engine.

WARNING

The engine must not be run above fast idlespeed until the oil pressure warning lightextinguishes to ensure that the engine andturbo-charger bearings are properlylubricated before being run at speed.

WARNING

Exhaust fumes contain poisonoussubstances which can causeunconsciousness and may even be fatal.

• DO NOT inhale exhaust gases.

• DO NOT start or leave the engine runningin an enclosed unventilated area, ordrive with the rear door open.

• DO NOT modify the exhaust system fromthe original design.

• DO repair exhaust system or body leaksimmediately.

• If you think exhaust fumes are enteringthe vehicle have the cause determinedand corrected immediately.

Switching offTo avoid the possibility of damaging theturbo-charger bearings through inadequatelubrication, ALWAYS allow the engine to idlefor 10 seconds before switching off. Turn theengine off by returning the starter switch toposition ’I’ and then position ’0’ to removekey.

Starting & driving

50

STARTING - PETROL ENGINES

1. Check that the handbrake is applied andthat the gear lever is in neutral.

2. Switch off all unnecessary electricalequipment.

3. If the engine is cold, pull out the cold startcontrol (if fitted) and turn it clockwise tolock (see illustration).

4. Insert the starter key and turn the switchto position ’II’ and then on to position ’III’to operate the starter motor. DO NOTpress the accelerator pedal during startingand RELEASE THE KEY as soon as theengine is running.

In temperate climates DO NOT operate thestarter for longer than 10 seconds. If theengine fails to start, switch off and wait 10seconds before re-using the starter. Pleasenote that prolonged use of the starter will notonly discharge the battery but may alsodamage the starter motor.

In temperate climates, the battery chargingand oil pressure warning lights shouldextinguish as soon as the engine is running.

In cold weather, or when the battery is in alow state of charge, depress the clutch pedalwhile starting and hold it down until theengine is running.

Cold climatesIn very cold climates, the battery charging andoil pressure warning lights may take severalseconds to extinguish. Similarly, enginecranking times will also increase; at -30° C thestarter motor may need to be operatedcontinuously for as long as 30 seconds beforethe engine will start. For this reason, ensurethat all non-essential electrical equipment isswitched off.

Additionally, in very cold climates, use of acylinder block heater will improve the engine’sstarting characteristics. Your Land Roverdealer can advise you about the supply anduse of a cylinder block heater.

Warming upIn the interests of fuel economy, it is advisableto start driving straight away, rememberingthat harsh acceleration or labouring the enginebefore the normal operating temperature hasbeen reached can damage the engine.

NOTE: Remember to turn off the cold startcontrol once normal operating temperature isreached.

Starting & driving

51

WARNING

Exhaust fumes contain poisonoussubstances which can causeunconsciousness and may even be fatal.

• DO NOT inhale exhaust gases.

• DO NOT start or leave the engine runningin an enclosed unventilated area, ordrive with the rear door open.

• DO NOT modify the exhaust system fromthe original design.

• DO repair exhaust system or body leaksimmediately.

• If you think exhaust fumes are enteringthe vehicle have the cause determinedand corrected immediately.

ParkingAfter bringing the vehicle to a stop, ALWAYSapply the handbrake and select neutral in themain gearbox before releasing the foot brakeand switching off the engine.

Switching offReturn the starter switch to position ’I’ andthen to position ’0’ to remove the key.

Starting & driving

52

EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMLand Rover vehicles are fitted with emissionand evaporative control equipment necessaryto meet a number of territorial requirements.

In many countries, it is against the law forvehicle owners to modify or tamper withemission control equipment, or to sanctionthe unauthorised replacement or modificationof this equipment by a repair shop. In suchcases, the vehicle owner and the repairer mayboth be liable for legal penalties.

It is important to remember that all LandRover dealers are properly equipped toperform repairs and to maintain the emissioncontrol system on your vehicle.


Vehicle stabilityYour vehicle has a higher groundclearance and, hence, a higher centre ofgravity than ordinary passenger cars, toenable the vehicle to perform in a widevariety of different off-road applications.An advantage of the higher groundclearance is a better view of the road,allowing the driver to more easilyanticipate problems. Inexperienceddrivers should take additional care,remembering that the Defender is notdesigned for cornering at the same speedas conventional passenger cars, any morethan a low slung sports car is designed toperform satisfactorily in off-roadconditions. As with other vehicles of thistype, failure to operate the Defendercorrectly may result in loss of control oreven vehicle rollover.

Vehicle heightThe overall height of your vehicle exceedsthat of ordinary passenger cars. Alwaysbe aware of the height of your vehicle andcheck available headroom before drivingthrough low entrances. This is particularlyimportant if the vehicle is fitted with aroof rack or if a sunroof is open.

Starting & driving

53

RUNNING-IN (petrol & diesel models)Proper running-in will have a direct bearing onthe reliability and smooth running of yourvehicle throughout its life.

In particular, the engine, gearbox, brakes andtyres need time to bed-in and adjust to thedemands of everyday motoring. It is thereforeessential to drive with consideration for therunning-in process for at least the first 800km (500 miles) and observe the followingadvice:

• LIMIT maximum speed to 80 km/h (50mph) for Td5, Tdi and 4-cylinder petrolengines and 95 km/h (60 mph) for V8engines. Initially, drive the vehicle on alight throttle and only increase enginespeeds once the running-in distance hasbeen completed.

• DO NOT operate at full throttle or allow theengine to labour in any gear.

• AVOID fast acceleration and heavy brakingexcept in emergencies.

FUEL ECONOMYFuel consumption is influenced by two majorfactors:

• How your vehicle is maintained.

• How you drive your vehicle.

To obtain optimum fuel economy, it isessential that your vehicle is maintained inaccordance with the manufacturer’s serviceschedule.

Items such as ignition timing, the condition ofthe air cleaner element, tyre pressures andwheel alignment can have a significant effecton fuel consumption. But above all, the way inwhich you drive is most important. Thefollowing hints may help you to obtain evenbetter value from your motoring:

• Avoid unnecessary, short, start-stopjourneys.

• Avoid fast starts by accelerating gently andsmoothly from rest.

• Do not drive in the lower gears longer thannecessary.

• Decelerate gently and avoid sudden andheavy braking.

• Anticipate obstructions and adjust yourspeed accordingly well in advance.

DRIVE GENTLY - SAVE FUEL!

Starting & driving

54

IMPORTANT DRIVING INFORMATIONInstruments & warning lights

Before driving, it is important to fullyunderstand the function of the instrumentsand warning lights described in section 2.

NOTE: Red warning lights are of particularimportance, illumination indicates that a faultexists. If a red light illuminates, always stopthe vehicle and seek qualified assistancebefore continuing.

Vehicle stabilityYour vehicle has a higher ground clearanceand, therefore, a higher centre of gravity thanordinary passenger cars. This will result indifferent handling characteristics.Inexperienced drivers should take additionalcare, particularly in off-road driving situationsand when performing abrupt manoeuvres atinappropriate speeds or on unstable surfaces.

Vehicle heightThe overall height of your vehicle exceeds thatof ordinary passenger cars. Always be awareof the height of your vehicle and check theavailable headroom before driving throughlow entrances. This is particularly important ifthe vehicle is fitted with a roof rack or if thesunroof is open.

Power assisted steeringPower assistance is progressively applied themore the steering wheel is turned. Forexample; where manual steering effort wouldnormally be greatest (at slow speeds onmaximum lock), power assistance is greatest.Similarly, where only minimal steering effortwould normally be required (at high speedwith the wheels straight ahead), then powerassistance is also minimal, thus enabling thedriver to benefit from apparently consistentsteering effort at all times.

WARNING

Under no circumstances must the steeringwheel be held on full lock for more thanthirty seconds in one minute, otherwise thesteering assembly may be damaged.

NOTE: Power assistance is dependent on theengine running. If the engine is not running,greater effort will be required to steer thevehicle.

Auxiliary equipment

WARNING

DO NOT use auxiliary equipment, such asroller generators, that are driven by onewheel of the vehicle, as they could causefailure of the gearbox differential. If thegearbox differential lock is engaged in anattempt to avoid damage, the vehicle willdrive itself forward.

Fuel

55

PETROL ENGINES

USE ONLY RECOMMENDED FUEL

4 cylinder engines:Use 90 RON minimum leaded or unleaded fuelwherever possible.

V8 engines:Use 91 - 93 leaded or unleaded fuel whereverpossible.

The RON value (octane rating) of petroleumcommonly available at garage forecourts willvary in different countries. The RON valuequoted is the MINIMUM requirement andwhilst this can be safely exceeded, noadvantage in performance or fuel economywill be gained by using a higher octane fuel.

If heavy engine knock is detected when usingthe recommended octane rated fuel, or ifsteady engine knocking is present whilemaintaining a steady speed on level roads,contact your dealer for advice.

NOTE: An occasional, light, engine knockwhile accelerating or climbing hills isacceptable.

DIESEL ENGINESThe quality of diesel fuel (Derv) can vary indifferent countries and only clean, goodquality fuel should be used. It is importantthat the sulphur content of diesel fuel doesnot exceed 1%; in Europe all supplies shouldbe within this limit, but in other parts of theworld, you should check with your supplier.

Ensure the fuel filter element is changed andthe fuel sedimenter drained, at therecommended service intervals.

If good quality diesel fuel is unavailable and itis necessary to use poor quality fuel, it may benecessary to have the fuel filter/sedimenterdrained regularly.

NOTE: The use of paraffin (kerosene) as adiesel fuel additive is illegal in the UK.

WARNING

On both petrol and diesel engine vehicles, ifthe fuel tank is accidentally filled with thewrong fuel, it is ESSENTIAL that you contactyour dealer BEFORE attempting to start theengine!

Fuel

56

Fuel fillingTo unlock the fuel cap;

1. Insert the key and turn it 90° clockwise.

2. Turn the key back to the vertical and thenremove.

The cap should then be unscrewed gradually(see Warning below).

WARNING

To avoid any sudden discharge of fuelcaused by excessive air pressure, the cap isdesigned to allow the fuel tank to ventduring the first half turn. DO NOT fullyremove the cap until pressure has beenreleased.

Filling station pumps are equipped withautomatic cut-off sensing to avoid fuelspillage - only fill the tank until the filler nozzleautomatically shuts off. DO NOT attempt to fillthe tank beyond this point or spillage couldresult due to expansion of the fuel.

WARNING

DO NOT fully fill the tank if the vehicle is tobe parked on a slope in direct sunlight orhigh ambient temperature - expansion of thefuel could cause spillage.

When replacing the fuel cap, turn it clockwiseuntil the cap clicks at least three times - thislocks the cap (the key is not needed).

SAFETY ON THE FORECOURTPetroleum gases are highly inflammableand in confined spaces are also explosive.Always take sensible precautions whenrefuelling:

• Switch off the engine.

• Do not smoke or use a naked flameor light.

• Take care not to spill fuel.

• Do not overfill the tank.

Fuel

57

Empty fuel tank

DO NOT RUN THE FUEL TANK DRY!In the case of Tdi diesel models, qualifiedassistance may be required to prime the fuelsystem before the engine can be restarted.

Td5 diesel engine vehiclesIn the case of Td5 vehicles,carry out thefollowing procedure:

1. Turn off the starter switch and wait for 15seconds.

2. Turn the starter key to position ’II’ andwait for 30 seconds.

3. Turn off the starter switch.

Repeat steps 2 and 3 six times.

4. Fully depress the accelerator pedal.

5. Keeping the pedal depressed, startcranking the engine.

6. Continue cranking the engine and as soonas the engine is running on all cylinders,ease the accelerator pedal back toapproximately halfway through its travel,and release the starter key. The engineshould now be running.

7. If the engine fails to start, repeat theprocess.

During the above procedure, the fuel pumpwill be heard to operate (priming the engine).This noise is not a cause for concern.


The engine must NOT be cranked formore than 20 seconds in any one period.

If the above procedure is carried out on avehicle that has NOT run out of fuel, it willresult in the engine flooding with fuel andfailing to start.

Fuel

58

FUEL CUT-OFF SWITCH(Td5 models only)

The fuel cut-off switch is a safety devicewhich, in the event of a collision or suddenimpact, automatically cuts off the fuel supplyto the engine.

The switch is located on the enginecompartment bulkhead. After an impact, theswitch must be reset by pressing the rubbertop (arrowed in illustration) before the enginecan be restarted.

WARNING

ALWAYS check for fuel leaks beforeresetting the switch!

Gearbox & transmission

59

MAIN GEARBOXYour vehicle features a five speed maingearbox and a two speed transfer box. Inaddition, a centre differential in the transferbox distributes the drive to the front and rearaxles, providing permanent four wheel drive.By using the main gearbox in conjunction withthe transfer gears, ten forward and tworeverse speeds are available.

The gear positions for the main gearbox areshown on the gear lever knob. Note that whenthe gearbox is in neutral, the gear lever isspring-loaded to automatically align betweenthird and fourth gear positions.

ClutchTake care NOT to use the clutch pedal as afoot rest. To prevent unnecessary wear,always keep the left foot well clear of theclutch pedal, except when changing gear.

WARNING

Do NOT select reverse gear unless thevehicle is stationary.


60

TRANSFER GEARBOXThe second gear lever is used to select eitherthe high or low range of gears in the transfergearbox and, in addition, also controls thecentre differential (known as the ’DIFF LOCK’).

High range (’H’)Use high range for all normal road driving andalso for off-road driving across dry, levelterrain.

Low range (’L’)Use low range gears when moving off fromrest when towing a heavy load, or in anysituation where low speed manoeuvring isnecessary, such as reversing a trailer ornegotiating a boulder strewn river bed; alsouse for more extreme off-road conditionswhere progress in high range cannot bemaintained.

Neutral (’N’)With the transfer lever in neutral, drive cannotbe transmitted to the road wheels, regardlessof the position of the main gear lever. Usetransfer neutral when being towed or whenusing winching or power take off facilities.

’Diff lock’ centre differentialUse the ’unlocked’ position for all normaldriving, and use the ’DIFF-LOCK’ position toimprove traction in extreme conditions wherewheel grip could be lost, such as: wet grass,mud, sand, ice or snow. Return to the’unlocked’ position as soon as dry, firm,ground is reached.

DO NOT use the ’diff lock’ unnecessarily!


61

USING THE TRANSFER GEARBOXWith the vehicle stationary and the enginerunning, depress the clutch and then movethe lever fully forward (or backwards) in TWOdistinct but positive moves - ’high toneutral’.... ’neutral to low’ (or vice versa).

If there is resistance to the gear engaging, donot force the lever. Instead, with the mainlever in gear, release the clutch momentarilyand then try again.

Changing from low to high on the move:Changing from ’L’ (low) to ’H’ (high) can beachieved without stopping the vehicle, asfollows:

1. Apply slight backward pressure to thetransfer gear lever in preparation forchanging.

2. Then, in three simultaneous moves,depress the clutch, release the acceleratorand pull the transfer lever into neutral.

3. Release the clutch pedal for approximately3 seconds before depressing it again andmoving the transfer lever firmly into thehigh position.

4. Finally, select a suitable main gear, releasethe clutch and continue driving in thenormal way.

NOTE: After a little practice, this operationcan be carried out smoothly and quickly byusing firm, positive moves.


62

THE DIFFERENTIAL LOCKUnlike many four wheel drive vehicles, allLand Rover vehicles have permanent fourwheel drive. This is achieved by the inclusionof a lockable differential between the front andrear drive shafts. With the differential locked,the drive shafts to front and rear axles are (ineffect) joined together, causing both to rotateat the same speed. This is a normal featurewith all four wheel drive vehicles andenhances traction on difficult off-roadsurfaces. However, with the differentialunlocked the different running requirementsof the two axles can be accommodated,thereby enabling Land Rover vehicles tooperate permanently in four wheel drive forboth road AND off-road use.

Selecting diff lockThe diff lock can be engaged or disengagedeither with the vehicle stationary, or whendriving at any road speed. However, with thevehicle in motion it is ESSENTIAL to betravelling on firm ground, in a straight line,and without wheel slip.

WARNING

DO NOT engage the diff lock if one or morewheels are slipping - this could damage thetransmission. If wheels are slipping, easeoff the accelerator before engaging the difflock.

DO NOT engage the diff lock from thetransfer neutral position.

To lock the differential:Briefly ease the throttle and move the transfergear lever to the left - from either ’H’ (high) or’L’ (low) position (the warning light on theinstrument panel will illuminate).

To unlock the differential:Move the transfer gear lever to the right - toeither ’H’ (high) or ’L’ (low) position asrequired; when the diff lock disengages thewarning light will extinguish.


63

When to use the diff lockAs a general rule, the differential should onlybe locked in order to drive off-road on looseand slippery surfaces. ALWAYS unlock thedifferential for normal road driving or as soonas a hard grippy surface is reached whetherhigh or low gears are selected.

NOTE: A valuable introduction to off-roaddriving, which includes many usefulreferences to the transfer gearbox and ’difflock’, is included in the ’Off-road driving’section of the handbook.

WARNING

If the vehicle is driven on normal roadsurfaces with the differential locked, thesteering will feel stiff, excessive tyre wearwill occur and the transmission will be’wound up’. This places excessive strain onthe transmission.

Diff lock warning lightThe amber warning light on the instrumentpanel illuminates when the diff lock is actuallyengaged - rather than when it has beenselected. Similarly it will only extinguish whenthe diff lock is actually disengaged. Thisaccounts for a slight delay between diff lockdeselection and the warning lightextinguishing which is quite normal.


Transmission ’wind up’

If the warning light is obviously reluctantto extinguish after the diff lock has beendeselected, some transmission ’wind up’may be present.

Reversing the vehicle for a short distanceand then going forward will usually’unwind’ the transmission and extinguishthe light and the vehicle can then bedriven as normal. However, if after two orthree attempts to ’unwind’ thetransmission the light remains on,consult your dealer AS SOON ASPOSSIBLE.

Brakes

64

BRAKING SYSTEMThe hydraulic braking system operatesthrough dual circuits; if one circuit should fail,the other will continue to function. However,in the event of a brake failure where only onecircuit is operational, the vehicle should onlybe driven at slow speed to the nearestqualified dealer. In these circumstances,exercise extreme caution and be aware thatmuch greater pedal effort and longer stoppingdistances will be required.

The braking system is servo assisted. Thismeans that if the engine stops running, allservo assistance will be lost, requiring greaterpedal effort and resulting in longer stoppingdistances.

Brake padsBrake pads require a period of bedding in. Youshould avoid heavy braking, except inemergencies, for at least the first 800 km (500miles).

Remember that regular servicing is vital toensure that the brake pads are examined forwear and changed periodically to ensure longterm safety and optimum performance.

Brake warning lightIf the warning light on the instrument panelilluminates while driving, and the handbrake isfully released, a fault with the braking systemis indicated. Check the brake fluid level; if thelight continues to illuminate, seek qualifiedassistance before continuing.

WARNING

DO NOT rest your foot on the brake pedalwhile travelling, as this may overheat thebrakes, reduce their efficiency and causeexcessive wear.

NEVER move a vehicle without the enginerunning because braking assistance will notbe available. The pedal brakes will stillfunction, but more pressure will berequired.

ALWAYS take particular care when beingtowed with the engine turned off.

If the brake warning light should illuminatewhile the vehicle is in motion, bring thevehicle to a halt as quickly as trafficconditions and safety permit and seekqualified assistance before continuing - DONOT pump the brake pedal. If the brakepedal is pumped, the braking system maylose any remaining assistance available.

Wet conditionsDriving through water or even very heavy rainmay adversely affect braking efficiency.Always dry the braking surfaces byintermittent light application of the brakes,first ensuring that you are at a safe distancefrom other road users.

Brakes

65

HANDBRAKEUnlike most other vehicles, the handbrakeoperates on the rear propeller shaft, and NOTon the road wheels. This may result in slightmovement of the vehicle after the handbrakeis applied.

To engage the handbrake, depress the buttonand pull the lever up.

To release, pull the lever up slightly, depressthe button and lower the lever.

Always apply the handbrake fully wheneveryou park.

When parking on a slope, do not rely on thehandbrake alone to hold the vehicle, park in alow forward gear when facing uphill and inreverse gear when facing downhill. For extrasecurity on steep slopes, move the transferlever into low range or engage the diff lock.

WARNING

DO NOT apply the handbrake while thevehicle is in motion as this could result inloss of vehicle control and damage to thetransmission.

DO NOT rely on the handbrake to operateeffectively if the vehicle has been subjectedto immersion in mud and water (see’Off-road driving’).

Brakes

66

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM(if fitted)

The anti-lock braking system (ABS) preventsthe wheels from locking, thereby helping tomaintain steering control. No special drivingtechniques or effort is required from thedriver.

Under normal braking (where sufficient roadsurface friction exists to reliably bring thevehicle to a halt, without the wheels locking),the anti-lock braking system will not beactivated. However, if the force of yourbraking should exceed the available adhesionbetween the tyres and the road, causing oneor more wheels to lock, then the anti-lockbraking system will automatically come intooperation. This will be recognised by a rapidpulsation felt through the brake pedal.

WARNING

The anti-lock braking system cannotovercome the physical limitations ofstopping the vehicle in too short a distance,cornering at high speed, or aquaplaning, i.ewhere a layer of water prevents adequatecontact between the tyres and road surface.

The fact that the vehicle is fitted withanti-lock braking, must never tempt thedriver into taking risks that could affecthis/her safety, or that of other road users.Drivers still have a duty to drive withinnormal safety margins, having dueconsideration for the prevailing roadsurface, weather and traffic conditions.

Anti-lock braking in actionIn an emergency situation, full braking effortshould ALWAYS be applied, even when theroad surface is slippery. The anti-lock brakingsystem constantly monitors the speed of eachwheel and varies braking pressure to each,according to the amount of traction available,thereby ensuring that the wheels do not lock.

Always remember, ABS is designed tomaintain steering control under heavy brakingconditions.

On soft surfaces such as powdery snow, sandor gravel, braking distances may be greaterthan those achievable on a vehicle withoutanti-lock braking. This is because the action oflocked wheels on loose surfaces, is to buildup a wedge of material in front of the wheels,which assists in bringing the vehicle to a halt.However, even in these circumstances, theanti-lock braking system will provide betterstability and steering control.

Brakes

67

Warning lightThe anti-lock braking systemincorporates a monitoring

system, which checks that all the electricalcomponents are in working order, as soon asthe starter switch is turned to position ’II’ andalso at frequent intervals during your journey.

The warning light on the instrument panel isan important part of this system. The warninglight should illuminate for approximately onesecond when the starter switch is turned toposition ’II’ and then briefly extinguishesbefore coming on again. If the light does notextinguish and then illuminate again, a faulthas occurred with the ABS system and youshould consult your Land Rover dealer at theearliest opportunity. The warning light willremain illuminated until the vehicle is drivenabove approximately 5 mph (8 km/h).

If the light remains on, or subsequentlyilluminates while driving, a fault has beendetected by the self monitoring system andfull ABS control may not be available - consultyour dealer at the earliest opportunity.

Traction control

68

ELECTRONIC TRACTION CONTROL(if fitted)

The purpose of electronic traction control is toaid traction when one wheel spins while theother still has good grip, eg. if one side of thevehicle is on ice and the other is on tarmac.The system works by applying the brake to aspinning wheel in order to transfer torque tothe other side of the axle.

NOTE: Traction control only operates belowapproximately 30 mph (50 km/h).

The instrument panel has a traction controlwarning light (TC) which illuminates wheneverthe system is active (for a minimum of 2seconds) and also illuminates as a bulb check(for approximately 4 seconds) when thestarter switch is turned to position ’II’. In theunlikely event that traction control operatescontinuously for too long (in excess ofapproximately 1 minute), then the control unitshuts down to allow cooling and the warninglight flashes for at least ten seconds.

If there is a fault with the system, then thewarning light will illuminate continuously -contact your dealer at the earliest opportunity.

Towing & load carrying

69

TOWING

WARNING

If a Nato Hook or a Jaw and Pintle typetowing accessory is to be fitted to yourvehicle, DO NOT attach them directly to thechassis rear cross-member - it is essentialthat an adapter plate kit (available from aLand Rover dealer) is also fitted.

The torque ranges of Land Rover enginesallow maximum-weight loads to be pulledsmoothly from standstill, and reduce gearchanging on hills or rough terrain.

The suspension is designed to cope with aheavy trailer load without upsetting thebalance or feel of the vehicle.

WARNING

Only fit towing accessories that have beendesigned and approved by Land Rover.

Ensure that the gross weight and maximumrear axle weight are not exceeded.

When preparing your vehicle for towing,always pay careful attention to the trailermanufacturer’s recommendations and thefollowing guidelines.

• Ensure that the towing vehicle tyrepressures are correct and that the trailertyre pressures are as recommended by thetrailer manufacturer.

• With the trailer and vehicle unladen,balance the combination so that the trailerdraw-bar and the hitch point on the vehicleare at the same height. Adjust the heightof the hitch point if necessary.

• Check the operation of trailer brakes andlights.

• For maximum stability, ensure that loadsare properly secured and unable to shiftposition during transit. Also, positionloads so that most of the weight is placedclose to the floor and, where possible,immediately above or close to the traileraxle(s).

• After loading the trailer, check that theweight on the hitch point (this is called thedraw-bar loading weight, or nose weight),is in accordance with the manufacturer’srecommendations.

• When calculating the laden weight of thetrailer, remember to include the weight ofthe trailer PLUS THE LOAD.

• Where the load weight can be dividedbetween trailer and tow vehicle, loadingmore weight into the vehicle will generallyimprove the stability of the combination.

• A smooth start will be achieved withtrailers over 2000 kg (4400 lb) by movingoff in LOW range, then changing to HIGHrange while on the move (see ’Transfergearbox’).


70

NOTE: Towing regulations vary from country to country. It is very important to ensure thatnational regulations governing towing weights and speed limits are observed (refer to the relevantnational motoring organisation for information). The following maximum permissible towedweights refer to the vehicle’s design limitations and NOT to any specific territorial restriction.

Maximum permissible towed weights On-road kg Off-road kgUnbraked trailers 750........................................................................ 500Trailers with overrun brakes 3500...................................................... 10004 wheel trailers with coupled brakes 3500.......................................... 1000

NOSE WEIGHTThe recommended trailer nose weight limit is150 kg (330 lb). The nose weight plus thecombined weight of the vehicle’s load carryingarea and rear seat passengers, must neverexceed the maximum rear axle load or thegross vehicle weight (as shown in ’Generaldata’).

WARNING

DO NOT carry unsecured equipment, tools orluggage which could move and causepersonal injury in the event of an accident oremergency manoeuvre, either on or offroad.

VEHICLE WEIGHTSWhen loading a vehicle to its maximum (grossvehicle weight), consideration must be takenof the unladen vehicle weight and thedistribution of the load to ensure that axleloadings do not exceed the permittedmaximum values.

It is your responsibility to limit the vehicleload in such a way that neither the maximumaxle loads nor the gross vehicle weight areexceeded (see ’General data’).


71

Coupled braking systemsIn order to tow a trailer with a weight inexcess of 3,500 kg, the vehicle must beadapted to operate a coupled brake system. Ifthis adaptation is carried out, the vehicleidentification number plate (VIN) must bechanged to show the increased train weight.

Revised VIN plates may be obtained fromLand Rover; these will be issued subject tosatisfactory proof that the vehicle has beenfitted with an approved conversion.

NOTE: Above 300 metres (1,000 feet) theeffects of altitude can adversely affect engineperformance and also cause overheating.

Trailer socketWhen the engine is running, powerconsumption from trailer socket must NOTexceed 5 amps.

ROOF RACKALWAYS use an approved roof rack andfollow the manufacturers’ fitting instructionscarefully. A full list of all available accessoriesis available from your Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

ALWAYS consult your dealer for adviceregarding the approval, suitability,installation and use of any parts oraccessories before fitting.


• The MAXIMUM roof rack load is150 kg.

• A loaded roof rack can reduce thestability of the vehicle, particularlywhen cornering and encounteringcross winds.

• All loads should be evenlydistributed, and secured within theperiphery of the rack.

• Always secure the load to the siderails, not just to the cross rails.

• Driving off-road with a loaded roofrack is not recommended. If it isnecessary to stow luggage on theroof rack while driving off-road, allloads MUST be removed beforetraversing side slopes.

• Only fit roof racks that have beendesigned for your vehicle. If indoubt, consult your dealer.

Emergency starting

72

Starting an engine with a discharged batteryThe ONLY recommended methods ofrestarting a vehicle with a discharged batteryare:

• The use of a substitute battery fitted to thedisabled vehicle.

• The use of booster cables to connect thebattery from a donor vehicle to thedischarged battery.

USING BOOSTER CABLES

WARNING

Batteries emit explosive hydrogen gas -keep sparks and naked lights away from thebattery compartment.

Make sure BOTH batteries are of the samevoltage (12 volts), and that the boostercables have insulated clamps and areapproved for use with 12 volt batteries.

DO NOT connect positive (+) terminals tonegative (-) terminals, and ensure boostercables are kept away from any moving partsin the engine compartment.

Take care when working near rotating partsof the engine.

Always adopt the following procedure whenusing booster cables:.

1. If a donor vehicle is to be used, bothvehicles should be parked with theirbattery locations adjacent to each other.Ensure that the two vehicles do not touch.

2. Apply the handbrakes and ensure that thetransmission of both vehicles is set inneutral (’P’ or Park for donor vehicles withautomatic transmission).

3. Turn off the starter switch and ALLelectrical equipment of BOTH vehicles.

4. Connect the RED booster cable betweenthe positive (+) terminal of the donorbattery and the positive (+) terminal of thedischarged battery.

5. Connect the BLACK booster cable from thenegative (-) terminal of the donor batteryto a good earthing point on the disabledvehicle (eg. an engine mounting or otherunpainted metal surface) - at least 0.5maway from the battery and well away fromfuel and brake lines. For safety reasons,DO NOT connect this cable to thenegative terminal of the dischargedbattery.

6. Check that the booster cables are clear ofany moving parts in either engine, thenstart the engine of the donor vehicle andallow it to idle for a few minutes.

7. Now start the vehicle with the dischargedbattery.

Emergency starting

73

8. Once both engines are running normally,allow them to idle for two minutes beforeswitching off the engine of the donorvehicle and disconnecting the boostercables. DO NOT switch on any electricalcircuits on the previously disabled vehicleuntil AFTER the booster cables have beenremoved.

9. Disconnecting the booster cables must bean EXACT reversal of the connectingprocedure, ie; disconnect the BLACKcable from the earthing point on thedisabled vehicle FIRST.

Vehicle recovery

74

VEHICLE RECOVERYIf it is necessary to recover the vehicle bytowing, always adhere to the followingprocedure:

Towing the vehicle (on four-wheels)

1. Set the main gearbox and transfer box inneutral.

2. Ensure the differential lock is in theunlocked position.

3. Turn the starter switch to the first positionto unlock the steering and leave in thisposition while the vehicle is being towed.

4. Secure the towing attachment to thevehicle.

5. Release the handbrake.

NOTE: If, due to an accident or electrical faultit is not considered safe to turn the starterswitch, the battery must be disconnected.


DO NOT attempt to tow the vehicle unlessthe starter switch is turned to position ’I’(to unlock the steering).

• DO NOT attempt to remove thestarter key or turn the switch toposition ’0’ while the vehicle is inmotion.

• Without the engine running, thebrake servo and power steeringpump cannot provide assistance.Greater brake pedal and steeringeffort are therefore necessary tosafely control the vehicle.

Suspended tow

WARNING

Your vehicle has permanent four wheeldrive - the propeller shaft MUST be removedfrom the axle to be trailed.

If the front axle is to be trailed ALWAYSadhere to the following precautions:

• Ensure the four bolts securing the frontpropeller shaft to the gearbox are tightlysecured with the appropriate nuts afterdisconnecting the propeller shaft -otherwise serious damage to the gearboxmay occur.

• Unlock the steering.

• Secure the steering wheel and/or linkagein the straight ahead position - thesteering lock MUST NOT be used for thispurpose.

WARNING

The propeller shaft MUST only bereconnected by a qualified Land Roverengineer. Contact your Land Rover dealerfor further information.

Vehicle recovery

75

Transporter or trailer lashingUse the towing rings on the front and rearcross members as lashing points (seeillustration). DO NOT secure lashing hooks ortrailer fixings to any other part of the vehicle.

Ancillary equipment

76

WinchesA number of different winches, suited to jobsranging from vehicle recovery to haulage, canbe fitted to your Defender. For furtherinformation on the types of winch availableand their various uses, contact your LandRover dealer.

As winch operation will vary considerably ondifferent winch units, it is essential that themanufacturer’s operating instructions areunderstood and followed carefully.

Winch safety

WARNING

If used incorrectly, winches can beextremely dangerous.

ALWAYS follow the manufacturer’soperating instructions carefully.

NEVER stand near, or astride a winchingcable whilst it is under tension.

ALWAYS wear protective gloves whenhandling winching cables.

In addition;

• DO NOT attempt to continue winching ifthe winch has stalled due to overloading.

• Inspect the winch and cable regularly -ALWAYS have worn or damaged partsreplaced immediately.

• Only use recommended replacement partsof the same specification as the originalequipment - failure to do so may not onlydamage the winch, but may cause seriouspersonal injury.

After winchingWhilst wearing thick, protective gloves, cleanand lubricate the cable with a recommendedcable lubricant. For further information,consult your Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

NEVER allow a cable to kink, coil or overlap.

NOTE: If a capstan winch is used, ensure therope is cleaned and dried before stowing.

Ancillary equipment

77

Power take-off drivesYour Defender is capable of providing a staticor mobile power source, which can be used topower generators, compressors, pumps andother ancillary equipment, mounted on orunder the vehicle, by means of shaft, belt orhydraulic drive. This is possible by having apower take-off drive unit fitted to the transfergearbox. This provides the basic drive forseveral variations of power take-off layouts.

The power take-off capability is an integralpart of the vehicle design and has been triedand tested under the most rigorous anddemanding conditions across the world. LandRover dealers provide a full range of powertake-off drive units and accessories, designedand built for the Defender.

For static operation, select neutral in thetransfer gearbox to disconnect the drive to theroad wheels - it is then possible to operate thepower take-off independently. The forwardgears and hand throttle (if fitted) can now beused to control the operating speed. Toprevent the transmission from beingoverloaded, it is recommended that thehighest gear possible should be used.

The lower gears can be used when loweroperating speeds are required, but theyshould only be used for light workloads andfor short periods of time.

If power take-off is being used while thevehicle is moving, it will operate at a speed indirect proportion to the road speed of thevehicle and to the selected transfer gear ratio.

For more information on the use of powertake-off drives and equipment, consult yourLand Rover dealer.

Ancillary equipment

78

HAND THROTTLE(if fitted)

The hand throttle is for use in conjunctionwith power take-off equipment (winches,pumps etc.), when a relatively constant enginespeed is required.

WARNING

DO NOT attempt to use the hand throttlewhen the vehicle is being driven.

Operating the hand throttle

1. Select ’N’ (neutral) in the transfer gearbox.

2. Pull the hand throttle control out until thedesired engine speed is achieved.

3. Twist the control clockwise to lock thethrottle in position.

The accelerator pedal can be used totemporarily over-ride the hand throttle (toincrease engine speed). Once the acceleratoris released, the engine speed will return to thelevel set by the hand throttle.

To turn the hand throttle off, twist the controlfully in (to the closed position).

Ensure the hand throttle is fully closed beforedriving.

79

The long-term safety, reliability andperformance of your vehicle will depend verylargely on how well it is maintained.

Maintenance is the owner’s responsibility andit is ESSENTIAL that all routine services arecarried out at the specified intervals. These areshown in the Service Portfolio book includedin the literature pack. The Service Portfoliobook also includes service record dockets,which must be correctly endorsed by yourLand Rover dealer at the conclusion of eachservice.

This section of the handbook includesinformation to assist the owner carry outthose daily, weekly and monthly checks thatare also necessary to ensure safe, reliablemotoring.

SECTION 4Owner maintenance

Section Contents PageOwner maintenance 81...................................Safety in the garage 83...................................Bonnet opening 84.........................................Engine compartment 86.................................Tyres 98.........................................................Washer jets & wiper blades 100.....................Battery 101.....................................................Wheel changing 105.......................................Wading plugs 112..........................................Fuses 113.......................................................Bulb replacement 116.....................................Cleaning & vehicle care 121............................

Owner maintenance

81

OWNER MAINTENANCEIn addition to the routine services, whichshould be carried out by your Land Roverdealer at the intervals shown in the ServicePortfolio book, a number of simple checks(listed below) must be carried out by theowner or driver on a regular basis.These are fully described on the pages thatfollow.

Daily checks

• Operation of lights, horn, directionindicators, wipers, washers and warninglights.

• Operation of seat belts and brakes.

• Look for deposits on the garage floorwhich may indicate a fluid leak.

Weekly checksThese should be carried out at least every 250miles or 400 km.

• Engine oil level.

• Cooling system level.

• Screen washer reservoir level.

• Condition and pressure of tyres.

• Clutch fluid level

• Brake fluid level.

• Power steering fluid level.

NOTE: Any significant or sudden drop in fluidlevels, or uneven tyre wear should be reportedto a Land Rover dealer without delay.

The gearbox fluid level should only bechecked by a Land Rover dealer at the time ofa routine service.

All fluid specifications and capacities areshown in ’General data’.


Special operating conditionsWhen a vehicle is operated in extremelyarduous conditions or on dusty, wet ormuddy terrain, more frequent attentionmust be paid to servicing requirements.

For example; if your vehicle experiencesdeep wading conditions, even DAILYservicing could be necessary to ensurethe continued safe and reliable operationof the vehicle.

Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.

Owner maintenance

82

Planned maintenanceRegular systematic maintenance is the key toensuring the continued reliability andefficiency of your vehicle.

The routine maintenance requirements foryour vehicle are shown in the Service Portfoliobook. Most of this necessary workshopmaintenance requires specialised knowledgeand equipment, and should preferably beentrusted to your Land Rover dealer.

Emission controlYour vehicle is fitted with various items ofemission and evaporative control equipmentdesigned to meet specific territorialrequirements.

You should be aware that unauthorisedreplacement, modification or tampering withthis equipment by an owner or repair shop,may be unlawful and subject to legal penalties.

In addition, engine settings must not betampered with. These have been establishedto ensure that your vehicle complies withstringent exhaust emission regulations.Incorrect engine settings may adversely affectexhaust emissions, engine performance andfuel consumption, as well as causing hightemperatures, which will result in damage tothe vehicle.

Road testing on dynamometers(’rolling roads’)

WARNING

Because your vehicle is equipped withpermanent four-wheel drive, it is essentialthat any dynamometer testing is carried outONLY by a qualified person familiar with thedynamometer testing and safety procedurespractised by Land Rover dealers. Contactyour Land Rover dealer for furtherinformation.

Owner maintenance

83

SAFETY IN THE GARAGE

Whenever you carry out maintenance onyour vehicle, the following safetyprecautions should be observed at all times.

• ALWAYS keep hands, tools and items ofclothing clear of all drive belts and pulleys.

• DO NOT touch exhaust or cooling systemcomponents until they are cool.

• DO NOT touch electrical leads orcomponents with the starter switch turnedon.

• NEVER leave the engine running in anunventilated area - exhaust gases arepoisonous and contain carbon monoxide,which can cause unconsciousness andmay even be fatal.

• DO NOT work beneath the vehicle with thewheel change lifting jack as the onlymeans of support.

• Ensure sparks and naked lights are keptaway from the engine and batterycompartments.

WARNING

Remember; cooling fans and airconditioning system condenser fans (iffitted), may continue to operate after theengine is switched off. Always wait until thefans have completely stopped moving beforeworking in the engine compartment.

WARNING

Under no circumstances should any part ofthe fuel system be dismantled or replacedby anyone other than a suitably qualifiedmotor vehicle technician. Failure to complywith this instruction may result in fuelspillage with a consequent serious risk offire

Poisonous liquidsMost liquids and lubricants used in motorvehicles are poisonous and should not beconsumed, or brought into contact with openwounds. These include: battery acid,anti-freeze, brake and power steering fluid, aswell as petrol, diesel, engine oil andwindscreen washer additives.

For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obeyall instructions printed on labels andcontainers.

Used engine oilProlonged contact with engine oil can causeserious skin disorders, including dermatitisand skin cancer. ALWAYS wash thoroughlyafter contact.

It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses orsoil with toxic chemicals such as used engineoil. ALWAYS dispose of vehicle liquids andlubricants, at authorised waste disposal sitesor at garages which provide facilities for thereceipt of discharged batteries, used engineoil and toxic chemicals. If in doubt, contactyour Local Authority for advice.

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!

Bonnet opening

84

WARNING

Ensure the wipers are switched off and havereturned to the parked position beforeopening the bonnet.

Pull the bonnet release handle (located in theright hand footwell).

Lift the safety catch lever (as illustration) andraise the bonnet.

Prop stay

Release the bonnet support stay from theunderside of the bonnet and fit the stay in thecorresponding hole in the bonnet lockingplatform.

Bonnet opening

85

Prop stay(Td5 models)

Unclip the stay from the bonnet lockingplatform and fit the stay in the correspondingslot in the underside of the bonnet.

Scissor action stay

Raise the bonnet until the stay fully extends.Release the bonnet, ensuring that the staylocks into position.

Closing the bonnetAfter closing the bonnet, check that the lock isfully engaged by attempting to lift the frontedge of the bonnet. This should be free fromall movement.

Engine compartment

86

Td5 - Left hand steering

1. Cooling system reservoir.

2. Brake fluid reservoir.

3. Clutch fluid reservoir.

4. Washer reservoir.

5. Engine oil filler cap.

6. Engine oil dipstick.

7. Power steering reservoir.

NOTE: It will be necessary to remove theaccess flap before topping up the engine oil.

WARNING

Ensure that sparks and naked lights are keptaway from the engine compartment.

Engine compartment

87

Tdi - Right hand steering(non-air conditioning)

1. Diesel fuel filter.

2. Cooling system reservoir.







WARNING


Engine compartment

88

V8 - Right hand steering

1. Cooling system reservoir







8. Radiator filler plug.

WARNING


Engine compartment

89

Td5 diesel engine

ENGINE OIL LEVEL-CHECK & TOP-UPCheck the oil level at least every 400 km(250 miles) when the engine is HOT and withthe vehicle resting on level ground.

Switch off the engine and let the vehicle standfor five minutes to allow the oil to drain backinto the sump. Withdraw the dipstick and wipethe blade clean and then fully reinsert thedipstick and withdraw again to check the level,which should NEVER be allowed to fall belowthe lower mark on the dipstick.

To top-up, unscrew the oil filler cap and addoil to maintain the level between the UPPERand LOWER marks on the dipstick.

NOTE: On Td5 models, it is necessary toremove the access flap before topping-up - liftthe release tab (see illustration).

Tdi diesel engine

DO NOT OVERFILL!

As a general guide, if the level on the dipstick:

• is nearer to the upper mark than the lower,add no oil.

• is nearer to the lower mark than the upper,add half a litre of oil.

• is below the lower mark, add one litre ofoil and re-check the level after a furtherfive minutes.

NOTE: If it is necessary to check the oil levelwhen the engine is cold, DO NOT start theengine. Follow the procedure detailed above,but re-check the oil level as soon as theengine has reached its normal operatingtemperature.

Engine compartment

90

V8 petrol engine

Oil specificationsIt is essential to use an oil suitable for theclimatic conditions in which the vehicle is tobe operated. Precise specifications are shownin ’General data’. If in doubt, contact yourLand Rover dealer.

4-cylinder petrol engine

Engine compartment

91

Td5 diesel engine

COOLING SYSTEM TOP-UP

WARNING

The coolant level in the reservoir should bechecked at least weekly (more frequently inhigh mileage or arduous operatingconditions). Always check the level WHENTHE SYSTEM IS COLD.

Never run the engine without coolant.

NEVER remove the filler cap or radiator fillerplug when the engine is hot - escapingsteam or scalding water could cause seriousinjury.

Unscrew the filler cap slowly, allowing thepressure to escape before removingcompletely.

Tdi diesel, V8 & 4-cyl petrol engines

Top-up with a 50% mixture of anti-freeze andwater so that the surface of the coolant is levelwith the seam on the side of the tank. Ensurethe cap is tightened fully after top-up iscompleted.

DO NOT overfill. This may result in damage tothe radiator.

If the level has fallen appreciably, suspectleakage or overheating and arrange for yourdealer to examine your vehicle.

NOTE: On V8 models, in addition to checkingthe level on the tank, the radiator may needtopping-up - consult the procedure on thefollowing page.

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92

V8 models

On V8 models, as well as removing thereservoir cap, carefully unscrew the radiatorfiller plug (illustrated above), allowingpressure to escape before removingcompletely.

Top the radiator up, if necessary, with a 50%mixture of anti-freeze and water to maintainthe level at approximately 12 mm (0.5 in)below the radiator filler neck. Ensure the plugis tightened fully after top-up is completed.

DO NOT OVERFILL!

Anti-freezeAnti-freeze contains important corrosioninhibitors. Ensure the 50% anti-freeze/watersolution is maintained and topped up all yearround (not just in cold conditions). Failure todo so may cause corrosion of the radiator andengine components.

The specific gravity of a 50% anti-freezesolution at 20° C (68° F) is 1.075 and protectsagainst frost down to -36° C (-33° F).

Use ONLY ethylene glycol based anti-freeze(containing no methanol) with Organic AcidTechnology (OAT) corrosion inhibitors.

In an emergency - and only if this type ofanti-freeze is unavailable - top-up the coolingsystem with clean water, but be aware of theresultant reduction in frost protection. DONOT top-up or refill with conventionalanti-freeze formulations. If in doubt, consult aLand Rover dealer.

WARNING

Anti-freeze is poisonous and can be fatal ifswallowed. If accidental consumption ofanti-freeze is suspected, seek medicalattention immediately.

Prevent anti-freeze coming in contact withthe skin or eyes. If this occurs, rinseimmediately with plenty of water.

Anti-freeze will damage painted surfaces.

NEVER top-up with salt water. Even whentravelling in territories where the watersupply contains salt, always ensure youcarry a supply of fresh (rain or distilled)water.

Engine compartment

93

WINDSCREEN WASHER TOP-UPThe windscreen washer reservoir alsosupplies the rear screen.

Check the reservoir level and top-up with amixture of water and an approved screenwasher solvent to approximately 25 mm (1 in)below the bottom of the filler neck. In coldweather, to prevent freezing, use a screenwasher solvent containing isopropanol.

Operate the washer switches to check that thenozzles are clear and properly directed.

WARNING

DO NOT use an anti-freeze solution in thewasher reservoir. Anti-freeze will damagepainted surfaces.

Engine compartment

94

FUEL SEDIMENTER - Tdi diesel engines(if fitted)

The sedimenter is located on the chassis sidemember, near the rear wheel.

To drain:Slacken off the drain plug (arrowed inillustration), to allow any water to drain off.Retighten the plug as soon as pure diesel isemitted.

FUEL FILTER - Tdi diesel enginesThe filter is located at the front of the enginecompartment.

To drain:Slacken off the drain plug (1), to allow anywater to drain off. Retighten the plug as soonas pure diesel is emitted.

Engine compartment

95

CLUTCH FLUID TOP-UPWipe the filler cap before removing, to preventdirt from entering the reservoir. Check thefluid level and top up if necessary, maintainingthe level approximately 10 mm below the topof the reservoir, using fluid meeting FMVSS116 DOT 4 specification. Ensure dirt does notenter the reservoir while filling.

Use only new fluid from a sealed container(old fluid from opened containers, or fluidpreviously bled from the system must NOT beused).

DO NOT OVERFILL!If significant topping up is required, a leak isindicated - consult your dealer immediately.

WARNING

Clutch fluid will damage painted surfaces;soak up any spillage with an absorbent clothimmediately and wash the area with amixture of car shampoo and water.

Take care not to spill fluid onto a hot engine- a fire may result.

Clutch fluid is highly toxic - keep containerssealed and out of reach of children. Ifconsumption of fluid is suspected, seekmedical attention immediately.

If clutch fluid should come into contact withthe skin or eyes, rinse immediately withplenty of water.

Engine compartment

96

WARNING

Contact your dealer immediately if braketravel is unusually long or if there is anyappreciable drop in brake fluid.

BRAKE FLUID CHECKThe fluid level will fall slightly during use as aresult of brake pad wear, but should not beallowed to fall below the ’MIN’ mark. Anysubstantial drop in fluid indicates a leak in thesystem, in which case the vehicle must NOTbe driven and you should contact your dealer.

With the vehicle on level ground, check thefluid level at least every week (more frequentlyin high mileage or arduous operatingconditions). Check the level visually throughthe side of the transparent container withoutremoving the filler cap.

Topping-upWipe the filler cap clean before removing toprevent dirt from entering the reservoir, thentop up to the ’MAX’ mark using FMVSS 116DOT 4 fluid.

Use only new fluid from an airtight container(old fluid from opened containers, or fluidpreviously bled from the system must NOT beused).

DO NOT OVERFILL!

WARNING

DO NOT drive the vehicle with the fluid levelbelow the ’MIN’ mark.

Brake fluid will damage painted surfaces;soak up any spillage with an absorbent clothimmediately and wash the area with amixture of car shampoo and water.

Take care not to spill fluid onto a hot engine- a fire may result.

Brake fluid is highly toxic - keep containerssealed and out of the reach of children. Ifconsumption of fluid is suspected, seekmedical attention immediately.

If brake fluid should come into contact withthe skin or eyes, rinse immediately withplenty of water.

Engine compartment

97

POWER STEERING TOP-UPONLY check the fluid level with the engineswitched off and the system cold, and ensurethat the steering wheel is not turned afterstopping the engine.

Wipe the filler cap to prevent dirt fromentering the reservoir.

Remove the filler cap and, using a lint-freecloth, wipe the dipstick clean. Refit the capfully and remove it again to check the fluidlevel. Ensure the fluid level is between theUPPER mark and the end of the dipstick. Ifnecessary, top up with a fluid meetingDexron II D or Dexron II E/III specification,ensuring no dirt enters the reservoir.

DO NOT fill above the UPPER mark on thedipstick.

NOTE: The colour of the specified powersteering fluid may differ from that used to fillthe system during manufacture. This is notcause for concern.

Emergency operationAny large or sudden drop in the fluid levelmust be investigated by a qualified dealer.

If it can be established that fluid loss is slow,then the reservoir may be topped up to theupper level mark to enable the vehicle to bedriven to the nearest dealer for examination.

If the fluid level has dropped below the lowerlevel mark, top-up the reservoir before startingthe engine, or damage to the steering pumpcould result.

WARNING

Power steering fluid is highly toxic - keepcontainers sealed and out of the reach ofchildren. If consumption of power steeringfluid is suspected, seek medical attentionimmediately.

If power steering fluid should come intocontact with the skin or eyes, rinseimmediately with plenty of water.

Do not spill power steering fluid onto a hotengine - a fire may result.

Power steering fluid will damage paintedsurfaces: Soak up any spillage with anabsorbent cloth immediately and wash thearea with a mixture of car shampoo andwater.

Tyres

98

WARNING

Never drive your vehicle if the tyres arebadly worn, cut or damaged, or if thepressures are incorrect.

Incorrectly inflated tyres wear rapidly andseriously affect the vehicle’s safety and roadhandling characteristics.

Caring for your tyresAlways drive with consideration for thecondition of the tyres and frequently inspectthe tread and side walls for signs of distortionor damage (in particular, look for lumps, cutsand bulges).

Tyre pressuresTyre pressures should be checked at leastonce a week with normal road use, but shouldbe checked DAILY if the vehicle is usedoff-road.

Check the pressures - including the spare -when the tyres are cold (air pressure naturallyincreases in warm tyres). The recommendedpressures are shown in ’General data’.

WARNING

If the vehicle has been parked in strongsunlight or is used in high ambienttemperatures, DO NOT reduce tyrepressures; instead, move the vehicle intoshade and allow the tyres to cool beforechecking.

Tyre wearSome tyres fitted as original equipment havewear indicators moulded into the treadpattern. When the tread has worn down to 1.6mm (1/16 in) the indicators start appearing atthe surface of the tread pattern, producing theeffect of a continuous band of rubber acrossthe width of the tyre.

A tyre MUST be replaced as soon as anindicator band becomes visible or the treaddepth reaches the minimum permitted bylegislation.

Tread depth must be checked regularly (atevery maintenance service, or morefrequently). Always replace a tyre before thetread reaches a remaining depth of 1.6 mm(1/16 in). DO NOT drive with tyres worn tothis limit, the safety of the vehicle and itsoccupants will be adversely affected.

NOTE: After off-road use, check to make surethere are no lumps or bulges in the tyres orexposure of the ply or cord structure.

Valve capsKeep the valve caps screwed down firmly toprevent dirt from entering the valve.

Replacement tyresWheel rims and tyres are matched to suit thehandling characteristics of the vehicle. Forsafety, ALWAYS check that replacement tyrescomply with the manufacturer’s originalspecification and that the load rating shownon the side wall is the same as that of theoriginal equipment for a particular territory.Contact your Land Rover dealer for furtherinformation or assistance.

Tyres

99

WARNING

ALWAYS use the same make and type ofradial-ply tyres front and rear. DO NOT usecross-ply tyres, or interchange tyres fromfront to rear.

• If the wheel is marked ’TUBED’ an innertube MUST be fitted, even with atubeless tyre.

• If the wheel is marked ’TUBELESS’, aninner tube must NOT be fitted.

NOTE: Tyre sizes and pressures are shown in’General data’.

WARNING

Do not replace wheels with any type otherthan genuine Land Rover parts.

Wheels and tyres are designed for bothoff-road and on-road use and have a veryimportant influence upon the correctoperation of the suspension system andvehicle handling.

Alternative wheels which do not meetoriginal equipment specifications should notbe fitted.

Snow chainsLand Rover approved snow chains aredesigned for on-road use in extreme snowconditions only, and are not recommended foroff-road use. Always observe the followingrecommendations:

• ONLY Land Rover approved chains maybe fitted to the front wheels, or fitted to allfour wheels. Non-approved chains can befitted to the rear wheels ONLY.

• Ensure the gearbox differential is locked.

• Always adhere to the snow chain fittingand retensioning instructions and thespeed limit recommendations for varyingroad conditions. Never exceed 30 mph (50km/h).

• Avoid tyre damage by removing snowchains as soon as the road is free of snow.

NOTE: Snow chains are not available for265/75 R16 tyres.

For more information or assistance, consultyour Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

DO NOT fit unapproved snow chains to thefront wheels - this could damage brakecomponents.

Washer jets & wiper blades

100

WASHER JETSTo adjust a washer jet, insert a needle into thejet orifice (see inset) and lever gently toposition the jet.

WIPER BLADE REPLACEMENTTo renew a windscreen or rear screen wiperblade, lift the wiper arm away from thewindscreen, press the retaining clip (arrowedin illustration), push the blade away from thearm and then unhook the wiper blade.

Locate the new blade assembly on the arm,hook it to the swivel bracket and push intoengagement until the blade is retained by theclip.

Always fit wiper blades that are identical to theoriginal specification.

Battery

101

The battery is located underneath the left-handfront seat. Pull up the front of the seat base torelease it from its retaining clips and pull itforward. Release the buckle on the front of thebattery compartment and slide off the lid.

When refitting the seat base, insert the rear ofthe base first and then push down firmly tore-engage the retaining clips - ENSURE theseat base is secure before driving.

WARNING

Batteries contain sulphuric acid, which isboth corrosive and poisonous. If spillageoccurs:

• On clothing or the skin - remove anycontaminated clothing immediately,flush the skin with large amounts ofwater and seek medical attentionurgently.

• In the eyes - flush with clean waterimmediately for at least 15 minutes.Seek medical attention urgently.

• Swallowing battery acid can be fatalunless immediate action is taken - seekmedical attention urgently.

• During normal operation batteries emitexplosive hydrogen gas - ensure sparksand naked lights are kept away from thebattery compartment.

• For your safety, remove all metal wristbands and jewellery before working inthe battery compartment and NEVERallow the battery terminals or vehicleleads to make contact with tools or metalparts of the vehicle.

Battery

102

BATTERY MAINTENANCE

Td5 modelsThe battery is designed to be maintenancefree, so topping-up is not possible. On the topof the battery there is a battery conditionindicator (arrowed in illustration). Examine theindicator periodically to check the battery’scondition. When the indicator shows:

• GREEN - the battery is in a good state ofcharge.

• DARK (turning to black) - the batteryneeds charging.

• CLEAR (or light yellow) - the battery mustbe replaced. Do not charge the battery orjump start the vehicle in this condition.

• If the green dot is missing, the batteryneeds charging.

NOTE: When checking the battery conditionindicator, if necessary, clean the battery top toensure a clear view. Use a torch if natural lightis poor.If the indicator shows clear or yellow, tap theindicator with the handle of a screwdriver todisperse any air bubbles. If the indicatorcolour is unchanged, the battery must bereplaced.

Tdi and petrol modelsThe battery fitted to your vehicle requiresminimal attention as follows:

• In temperate climates check the electrolytelevel once every 3 years. In hot climatescheck the level annually.

• Occasionally wipe the battery casing toremove dirt and grease.

• Keep the battery terminals clean and freefrom corrosion by occasionally smearingthem with petroleum jelly.

Checking the electrolyte levelGently prise off the vent covers (or unscrew ifvent plugs are fitted) and inspect theelectrolyte level of the centre cell. This shouldbe no lower than 1 mm (0.04 in) above thetop of the plates. If necessary, top up withdistilled water to a maximum of 3 mm (0.12in) above the plates.

Battery

103

Battery removal and replacementYour vehicle may be fitted with a batterybacked-up sounder, which operates as ananti-theft siren if the main battery isdisconnected.

If it is necessary to remove the main vehiclebattery, it is ESSENTIAL to adopt the followingprocedure before disconnecting the terminalsin order to prevent the siren from sounding:

1. Turn the starter switch ’on’ and then ’off’.Then remove the key.

2. Disconnect the vehicle battery WITHIN 15SECONDS (if it is not disconnected within15 seconds, the back-up siren will soundimmediately the battery terminals aredisconnected).

ALWAYS disconnect the negative (’-’) terminalfirst. When replacing, connect the positive(’+’) terminal first.

If the siren sounds when the battery isreconnected, it CANNOT be turned off in thenormal way (ie. by operating the handsetbuttons). To deactivate the siren, disarm thealarm system with the handset and turn thestarter switch to position ’II’.

Battery

104

WARNING

To avoid damaging the vehicle’s electricalsystem, ensure correct polarity whenrefitting the battery.

ONLY fit a replacement battery of the sametype and specification as the original. Otherbatteries may vary in size and have differentterminal positions, capable of creating apotential fire hazard if the terminals or leadswere to come into contact with the batteryclamp assembly.

DO NOT use a high speed battery charger asa starting aid.

DO NOT let the engine run without thebattery connected.

Keep the battery upright at all times -damage will be caused if the battery is tiltedmore than 45° .

DO NOT charge the battery if it is suspectedof being frozen.

On Td5 models DO NOT charge the battery ifthe battery condition indicator is clear orlight yellow (see ’Battery maintenance’).

On batteries fitted to Td5 models, take carenot to cover the ventilation pipe on the sideof the battery.

Battery chargingBatteries generate explosive gases, containcorrosive acid and produce levels of electriccurrent sufficient to cause serious injury.While charging, always heed the followingprecautions:

• Before charging, disconnect and removethe battery from the vehicle - charging thebattery with the cables connected maydamage the vehicle’s electrical system. Onnon-Td5 models, ensure the battery istopped up to the correct level.

• Make sure the battery charger leads aresecurely clamped to the battery terminalsBEFORE switching on the battery charger.Do not move the leads once the charger isswitched on.

• While charging, shield your eyes or avoidleaning over the battery and keep the areaaround the top of the battery wellventilated.

• Do not allow naked lights near the battery(batteries generate inflammable hydrogenduring and after charging).

• On Td5 models, the battery will becharged sufficiently once the batterycondition indicator shows GREEN.

• When charging is finished, switch off thebattery charger BEFORE disconnecting theleads from the battery terminals.

• After charging, leave the battery for anhour BEFORE reconnection to the vehicle -this will allow time for explosive gases todisperse, thereby minimizing the risk offire or explosion.

Wheel changing

105


Before jacking the vehicle always observethe following precautions!

• Park your vehicle away from thethoroughfare, and make yourpassengers wait in a safe areaAWAY from the vehicle.

• Switch on the hazard warning lightsto alert other road users.

• ALWAYS engage the differential lockbefore jacking (warning light onfascia illuminates).

• Apply the handbrake and engage 1stgear in the main gear box and select’L’ in the transfer box. Turn off thestarter switch and remove the key.

• NEVER jack the vehicle withpassengers inside, or with a caravanor trailer connected!

• NEVER work beneath the vehiclewith the jack as the only means ofsupport. The jack is designed forwheel changing only!

Using the Wheel Chock

WARNING

Before raising the vehicle, it is ESSENTIALto chock one of the road wheels; thehandbrake acts on the transmission, not onthe rear wheels, and therefore may not holdthe vehicle when raised.

WARNING

Always chock the wheel diagonally oppositethe one to be removed - chocking the front ofa front wheel or the back of a rear wheel,using the chock provided.

NOTE: The wheel chock is stowed in acompartment under the left-hand front seat(see ’Battery’ for details of access).

Wheel changing

106

Removing the spare wheel

1. Remove the nuts securing the wheel cover(if fitted) using the wheel brace supplied inthe tool kit.

2. Remove the nuts securing the spare wheelto the carrier and lift off the wheel.

WARNING

DO NOT use the spare wheel securing nutsin place of the road wheel nuts and viceversa.

The wheels are extremely heavy. Take carewhen lifting and particularly when removingthe spare wheel from its mounting positionon the bulkhead or rear door.

Wheel changing

107

VEHICLE JACKINGOne of two types of jack will have beensupplied with your vehicle - either a bottle jackor pillar jack. The operation of each typediffers greatly and it is important to read theappropriate operating instructions that follow.

The bottle jack (if fitted) is stowed in acompartment under the left-hand front seat(see ’Battery’ for details of access). The jackhandle and tools (or pillar jack - if fitted) arestowed in a bag behind the front seat in’Pick-up’ and ’Hard-top’ models and under thebench seat in ’Soft-top’ and ’Station Wagon’models.

Operating the bottle jackSlot the jack lever together, ensuring that thespring clip protrudes from the engagementslot where the two parts join (see inset). Closethe jack release valve by turning it fullyclockwise and insert the lever into the socketwhere shown. Pump the lever up and down toraise the jack.

To lower the jack, withdraw the lever and slotthe notched end over the the pegs on therelease valve. Slowly turn the release valveanti-clockwise allowing the weight of thevehicle to lower the jack.

WARNING

Ensure the jack is positioned on firm, levelground.

DO NOT use the jack to raise the vehicleuntil you have carefully read and understood’Positioning the jack’ later in this section. Ifin doubt, consult your dealer.

Care must be taken to avoid accidentalcontact with any underbody parts, especiallythe hot exhaust system components, likelyto cause personal injury during raising orlowering of the vehicle.

Ensure that the space under and around thevehicle is free from obstruction as it islowered.

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108

Positioning the bottle jackAlways position the jack from the front or rearof the vehicle directly in line with the jackingpoints.

WARNING

NEVER use the jack from the side of thevehicle.

Always use the complete, two piece, jacklever throughout to minimise any accidentalcontact with a hot exhaust system.

ONLY jack the vehicle using the jacklocation points described or damage to thevehicle could occur.

Front jacking point:Position the jack so that, when raised, itengages with the front axle casingimmediately below the coil spring. The jackcradle must locate between the flange at theend of the axle casing and the large bracket towhich the front suspension members aremounted.

Rear jacking point:Push the mud flap up over the tyre to allowclear access (return it to its correct positionwhen the wheel change is complete). Positionthe jack so that, when raised, it engages withthe rear axle casing immediately below the coilspring and as close as possible to the shockabsorber mounting bracket.

Care of the jackOccasionally, clean and grease the movingparts (particularly the ram/pillar) to preventrust.

The bottle jack oil level should be checked atnormal servicing intervals and if necessarytopped up with an hydraulic oil with aviscosity to BS 4231 grade 32 and ISO proof32.

To avoid contamination, the bottle jack shouldalways be returned to its fully closed positionand must always be stowed upright.

Wheel changing

109

Operating the pillar jack (if supplied)For any wheel:

1. Remove the rubber plug (1) from thejacking tube corresponding to the wheel tobe changed.

2. Insert the jack pillar into the base (2).

3. Fit the handle (3) to the pillar and adjustthe height so the jacking peg (4) can beinserted into the jacking tube.

NOTE: The jack handle operates as a ratchet -one side raises the jack, then turn the handleover to lower the jack.

WARNING

ENSURE that you are familiar with operatingthe jack BEFORE using it to raise a vehicle.

ONLY jack the vehicle using the jacklocation points described or personal injuryor damage to the vehicle could occur.

DO NOT use the jack without the base fitted -the vehicle would not be properly supportedand could cause personal injury.

ENSURE that the peg is FULLY engaged inthe jacking tube.

ENSURE that the pillar is vertical NOT at anangle.

Wheel changing

110

Changing a wheelBefore raising the vehicle, ensure that all theprecautions listed at the beginning of thissection have been observed. Also, ensure thatthe wheel chock is correctly positioned, asdescribed previously.

In some markets, vehicles fitted with alloywheels have one locking wheel nut fitted toeach wheel. Refer to ’Locking wheel nuts’ laterin this section before changing an alloy wheel.

• Use the wheel brace to slacken the wheelnuts half a turn anti-clockwise.

• Raise the vehicle until the tyre is clear ofthe ground, and remove the wheel nutsand wheel (DO NOT damage the surface ofalloy wheels (if fitted) by placing them facedown on the road).

• On vehicles fitted with alloy wheels, use anapproved anti-seize compound to treat thewheel mounting spigot to minimise thetendency for adhesion between the wheeland the spigot. Ensure that no oil orcompound comes into contact with thebrake components. If, due to anemergency situation, this treatment is notpracticable; refit the spare wheel for thetime being, but remove and treat the wheelat the earliest opportunity.

• Fit the spare wheel and lightly tighten thewheel nuts, ensuring they are firmlyseated. DO NOT fully tighten whilst thetyre is clear of the ground.

WARNING

When fitting a wheel, ensure that the matingfaces of the hub and wheel are clean andfree from rust - an accumulation of dirt orrust could cause the wheel nuts to becomeloose and result in an accident.

• Lower the vehicle and remove the jack andwheel chock.

• Fully tighten the wheel nuts. DO NOTOVERTIGHTEN by using foot pressure orextension bars on the wheel brace, as thiscould overstress the wheel studs.

• REMEMBER to disengage the differentiallock and change to ’H’ (high range) beforedriving.

• Finally, check the tyre pressure and wheelnut torque at the earliest opportunity, see’General data’.

WARNING

After wheel changing, always secure tools,chock, jack and spare wheel in their correctstorage positions.

Wheel changing

111

LOCKING WHEEL NUTS

In some markets, vehicles fitted with alloywheels are equipped with a locking wheel nuton each wheel. The locking wheel nut coversare visually very similar to standard wheelnuts but can be identified by a concave indenton the surface. The locking wheel nut andcover can only be removed using the specialtools provided, as follows:

• Push the extractor tool (1) firmly over thestainless steel nut cover (2).

• Pull the extractor tool squarely away fromthe wheel to remove the nut cover andreveal the locking wheel nut (3).

• Fit the metal key socket (4) securely overthe locking wheel nut (3).

• Fit the wheel nut wrench onto the keysocket and unscrew the nut in the normalway.

A code letter is stamped on the face of the keysocket. Ensure the code letter is entered in thespace provided on your Security Informationcard - you will need to quote this letter ifreplacement components are required. Keepthe card in a safe place away from the vehicle.

For security reasons, store the key socket andextractor tool out of sight, in a secure place inthe vehicle.

NOTE: If the extractor tool has beeninadvertently pushed onto a standard wheelnut, it can be removed ONLY by first undoingand removing the nut; slide the wheel nutwrench down the centre of the extractor andonto the wheel nut.

Wading plugs

112

WADING PLUGS

WARNING

For safety, DO NOT work underneath thevehicle unless it is safely parked with thewheels chocked, or is supported by heavyduty stands.

NOTE: On some models, to access thewading plugs, it will be necessary to removethe front and rear engine undertray accesspanels - see ’Engine undertray’, in the’Workshop maintenance’ section of thishandbook.

Under severe wading conditions, the timingcover and flywheel housing must be sealed toprevent the ingress of mud and water. Fit theplugs, supplied in the tool kit, as illustrated.Remove the plugs immediately after wading,or periodically if the vehicle is required to doprolonged wading or very muddy work.

Flywheel housing - 300 TDi

Engine front timing cover - 300 TDi

Fuses

113

Fuses are simple circuit breakers whichprotect electrical equipment by preventing theelectrical circuits from being overloaded.

Always remove the starter key and switch offthe affected circuit before removing a fuse.

Press the fuse extractor (located on the insideof the main fuse box cover) onto the head ofthe fuse and pull to remove. Fit a new fuse ofthe same rating. If the replacement fuse failsimmediately, contact your local Land Roverdealer and have the circuit checked.

WARNING

Fit only replacement fuses of the samerating and type. Always rectify the cause ofa failure before replacing a fuse. Seekqualified assistance if necessary.

Fuses are colour coded to help identify theiramperage, as follows:

TAN 5RED 10BLUE 15YELLOW 20GREEN 30 (air conditioned models

only)

The main fuse box is fitted in the centre of thedashboard, in front of the main gear lever.Remove the cover by releasing the fixingscrews.

A label in the fuse box cover shows thecircuits protected, the fuse ratings and theirlocations. They are also listed on the followingpage.

Fuses

114

MAIN FUSE BOX

Fuse No. Value (amps) Electrical circuit

1 20 Air conditioning2 30 Air conditioning3 5 Battery, diagnostics4 10 Heated rear window, reverse and headlights,

instruments, fuel feed5 10 Brake lights, reverse lights6 10 Immobilisation, engine feed7 10 Anti-lock brakes8 10 Hazards, wash/wipe - rear9 15 Wash/wipe - front10 10 Alarm11 10 Alarm sounder12 10 Rear fog guard light13 10 Headlight - LH, main beam14 10 Headlight - RH, main beam15 10 Headlight - LH, dipped beam16 10 Headlight - RH, dipped beam17 5 Radio/cassette player18 20 Cigar lighter, heater blower19 10 Sidelights - RH20 10 Sidelights - LH

Fuses

115

Fuse Value Electrical circuitNo. (amps)

1 20 ABS, engine2 30 Trailer, interior light,

accessory socket3 30 Heated rear screen, horn4 20 Fuel pump5 30 Main relay, inertia switch6 15 Alarm system7 20 Hazards, interior light,

radio cassette

SECONDARY FUSE BOXThe secondary fuse box is located under theright hand front seat (see ’Battery’ for accessprocedure.

Press the catch (arrowed in illustration) torelease the cover.

WARNING

Fit only replacement fuses of the samerating and type. Always rectify the cause ofa failure before replacing a fuse. Seekqualified assistance if necessary.

NOTE: Owners are strongly advised againstremoving or replacing the fusible linksidentified on the underside of the fuse box lidas:GLOW PLUG (100A), AIR CON (60A),SPARE (60A), ABS PUMP RELAY (30A),IGNITION (60A) AND LIGHTS (30A).Failure of any of these items should beinvestigated by a qualified dealer.

Bulb replacement

116

REPLACEMENT BULBS Watts

Headlights 60/55 (Halogen H4)...........................................................Front side lights 5...................................................Side repeater lights 5..............................................Stop lights 21...........................................................High mounted stop light 21......................................Tail lights 5.............................................................Direction indicator lights 21.....................................Number plate lights 4.............................................Reversing lights 21...................................................Rear fog guard lights 21...........................................Interior lights 10.......................................................

NOTE: All bulbs must be rated at 12 volts.


Before replacing a bulb, always switch offthe starter switch and appropriate lightingswitch to prevent any possibility of ashort circuit. Only use new bulbs of thesame type and with the samespecification.

Bulb replacement

117

HEADLIGHT UNIT

Light unit removalTo replace the headlight bulb, remove the lightunit as follows:

• Remove the screws (1) retaining the sideand direction indicator lights (2), releasethem forward and disconnect the plugs.

• Remove the screws (3) and withdraw theplastic finisher.

• Remove the headlight retaining screw (4),rotate the headlight clockwise todisengage and lift out the headlight.

Bulb replacement

118

Headlight bulbDisconnect the multi-plug (5) and remove therubber cover. Unhook the spring clip andwithdraw the bulb.

Replace the bulb (the larger of the three tabsuppermost) and secure the spring clip.

Replace the rubber cover, pressing the centrefirmly to seal around the electrical contacts ofthe bulb, then refit the multi-plug.

NOTE: Do not touch the bulb glass with yourfingers. If necessary, clean the bulb withmethylated spirits.

WARNING

ALWAYS fit headlight bulbs and light unitswith the same Watt value as the originalspecification (see ’Replacement bulbs’).Fitting a higher rated bulb may result indamage to the ’dim-dip’ system.

Bulb replacement

119

Side, tail, stop and direction indicator bulbsRemove the retaining screws and withdrawthe unit.

Twist the lens anti-clockwise to release thebulb unit.

Push and twist the bulb to remove.

Side repeater lightPush the lens firmly towards the front of thevehicle, lift the rear edge and withdraw thelight unit from the wing.

Twist the bulb holder to release and pull outbulb.

Bulb replacement

120

Number plate lightsRemove the securing screw, remove the coverand pull out bulb.

Reverse and rear fog guard lightsRemove the retaining screws and withdrawthe lens, then push and twist to release thebulb.

High mounted stop lightRemove the screws from the cover, withdrawthe cover and twist to remove the bulb holder.Push and twist to release the bulb.

Interior lightPrise the lens from the unit. Spread the bulbholders to release the bulb.

Cleaning & vehicle care

121

WASHING YOUR VEHICLEWash your vehicle frequently using a clean,grit free sponge and generous quantities ofcold or lukewarm water containing a carshampoo. Rinse and dry off with a chamoisleather.

• Do not use hot water!

• Do not use detergent soap products orwashing-up liquid!

During winter months when salt has beenused on the roads, use a hose to wash theunderside of the vehicle. Pay particularattention to wheelarches and panel seams,and to removing accumulations of mud.

Similarly, after off-road driving or wading inmuddy or salt water conditions, use a hose towash underbody components and otherexposed parts of the vehicle.

When using a hose, do not direct the jet intothe Turbo air intake (if fitted), heater air intakeducts, or through the wheel trim aperturesonto the brake components, or at the door,window or sunroof seals, where waterpressure could penetrate the seals.

WARNING

Some high pressure cleaning systems aresufficiently powerful to penetrate door orwindow seals and damage rubbing stripsand locking mechanisms. Never aim thewater jet directly at components that mighteasily be damaged.

Steam cleaningBefore steam cleaning the enginecompartment, cover the brake reservoir andpower steering reservoir (if fitted) to preventcontamination. After steam cleaning, ensurethat metallic components are carefullyrewaxed, especially the steering column,engine water pipes, hose clips and the ignitioncoil clamp to prevent corrosion.

Getting rid of tar spotsUse white spirit to remove tar spots andstubborn grease stains from paintwork. Thenwash immediately to remove all traces ofspirit.

Body protectionAfter washing, inspect the paintwork fordamage. Treat paint chips and scratches withtouch-up paint to prevent corrosion, andoccasionally protect the paint surface with anapplication of car polish.

Glass & mirrorsClean the rear window with a soft cloth toavoid damaging the heating elements. DONOT scrape the glass or use an abrasivecleaning fluid.

Mirror glass is particularly susceptible todamage - DO NOT use abrasive cleaningcompounds or metal scrapers.

Cleaning & vehicle care

122

LOOKING AFTER THE INTERIOR

WARNING

DO NOT use water to clean the dashboard,damage to the fuses and switches couldoccur. Instead, clean sparingly with a dampcloth and approved upholstery cleaner.

• Clean plastic-faced or cloth coveredsurfaces with diluted upholstery cleaner.

• Steering wheel and trim features shouldbe cleaned with a damp cloth moistenedwith undiluted upholstery cleaner. Leavefor five minutes, and then repeat theoperation using a clean cloth and water -but avoid flooding the area! Dry and polishthe trim with a dry, lint-free cloth. DO NOTuse petrol, detergents, furniture creams orpolishes!

• Sweep carpets with a brush or vacuumcleaner and clean with diluted nylonupholstery cleaner.

Clock and radio

• Clean with a dry cloth only! DO NOT usecleaning fluids or sprays.

Seat belts

• Extend belts, then use warm water and anon-detergent soap to clean. Allow to drynaturally, and do not retract untilcompletely dry.

• DO NOT bleach or dye the webbing.

RECOMMENDED CARE PRODUCTS(Available in the UK)

De icer STC 717Alloy wheel cleaner STC 718Glass cleaner STC 719Shampoo STC 722Wax polish STC 723Screen wash STC 8249

123

SECTION 5Workshop maintenance

Section Contents PageWorkshop maintenance 125...........................Engine undertray 129.....................................Engine oil renewal 132....................................Engine oil filter renewal 133............................Fuel filter renewal 134....................................Fuel sedimenter cleaning 136.........................Air cleaner element renewal 137.....................Spark plug check/renewal 140........................Ignition wiring & HT lead check 140...............Distributor 141...............................................Drive belts 142...............................................Main gearbox oil renewal 150.........................Transfer gearbox oil renewal 151....................Axle oil renewal 152........................................Brake pad/disc check 153...............................Handbrake check/adjustment 154...................Propeller shaft lubrication 154........................

Workshop maintenance

125

WORKSHOP MAINTENANCEThis section covers workshop maintenancefor the V8 and Tdi engines only. Maintenanceof Td5 and 4-cylinder petrol models should bereferred to a qualified dealer.

It is recommended that the maintenanceprocedures covered in this section of thehandbook, should only be carried out byqualified personnel in a fully equippedworkshop; preferably an authorised LandRover dealer. However, if the vehicle is beingoperated in a remote area, where fullworkshop facilities are not available, somemaintenance can be carried out, provided thatit is completed in safe conditions byexperienced personnel.

WARNING

DO NOT carry out any maintenance in dusty,damp or dirty conditions.

NOTE: Some of the servicing proceduresrequire specialised knowledge and equipment,and therefore MUST be carried out by aqualified person, familiar with themaintenance and safety procedures practisedby Land Rover dealers. These NECESSARYprocedures are NOT covered in this handbookand should be referred to a Land Rover dealer.

Servicing schedulesIn normal operating conditions, servicingshould be carried out at intervals of 10,000km (6,000 miles) or every six months,whichever is sooner.


Special operating conditionsWhen a vehicle is operated in extremelyarduous conditions, or on dusty, wet ormuddy terrain, more frequent attentionmust be paid to servicing requirements.

For example; if your vehicle experiencesdeep wading conditions, even DAILYservicing could be necessary to ensurethe continued safe and reliable operationof the vehicle.

Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.


126

Emission controlYour vehicle is fitted with various items ofemission control equipment, designed to meetspecific territorial requirements.

You should be aware that unauthorisedreplacement, modification or tampering withthis equipment by an owner or motor vehiclerepairer, may be unlawful and subject to legalpenalties.

In addition, engine settings must NOT betampered with. These have been establishedto ensure that your vehicle complies withstringent exhaust emission regulations.Incorrect engine settings may adversely affectexhaust emissions, engine performance andfuel consumption, as well as causing hightemperatures, which will result in damage tothe catalytic converter (if fitted) and thevehicle.

Replacement partsIt is essential that only Land Rover parts areused, safety features embodied in the vehiclemay be impaired if other, non-approved partsare used. In certain territories, legislationprohibits the fitting of parts not to themanufacturer’s specification.

WARNING

The fitting of parts of inferior quality, or thecarrying out of non-approved alterations orconversions, may be dangerous and couldaffect the safety of the vehicle andoccupants. It could also invalidate the termsand conditions of the vehicle warranty.

Road testing on dynamometers(’rolling roads’)

WARNING

Because your vehicle is equipped withpermanent four-wheel drive, it is essentialthat any dynamometer testing is carried outONLY by a qualified person, familiar withthe dynamometer testing and safetyprocedures practised by Land Roverdealers. Contact your Land Rover dealer forfurther information.


127

SAFETY IN THE GARAGEWhenever you carry out maintenance onyour vehicle, the following safetyprecautions should be observed at all times.

• ALWAYS keep hands, tools and items ofclothing clear of all drive belts and pulleyswhilst they are in operation.

• DO NOT touch exhaust or cooling systemcomponents until they are cool.

• DO NOT touch electrical leads orcomponents with the starter switch turnedon.

• NEVER leave the engine running in anunventilated area; exhaust gases arepoisonous and contain carbon monoxide,which can cause unconsciousness andcan be fatal.

• DO NOT work beneath the vehicle with thelifting jack as the only means of support.

• Ensure sparks and naked lights are keptaway from the engine and batterycompartments.

• DO NOT use any lubricants, solvents orsealants etc, without first reading anywarnings and instructions supplied withthese substances; they could be harmful ifimproperly used.

WARNING

Remember, cooling fans and airconditioning system condenser fans (iffitted), may continue to operate after theengine is switched off. Always wait until thefans have completely stopped moving beforeworking in the engine compartment.

Fuel system safetyFuel vapour is highly flammable and inconfined spaces, is also very explosive andtoxic. When fuel evaporates, it produces 150times its own volume in vapour and whenmixed with air, becomes an easily ignitablemixture; consequently even a small spillage isvery dangerous.

It is recommended that you always have aFOAM, CO2 GAS, or POWDER type fireextinguisher close at hand when working withfuel or the fuel system.

ALWAYS disconnect the battery negative leadBEFORE carrying out work on the fuel system.

WARNING

Under no circumstances should any part ofthe fuel system be dismantled or replacedby anyone other than a suitably qualifiedmotor vehicle technician. Failure to complywith this instruction may result in fuelspillage with a consequent serious risk offire.

It is imperative that the battery isdisconnected BEFORE and not during anywork on the fuel system, as arcing at thebattery terminal could ignite fuel vapour inthe atmosphere.

Whenever fuel is being handled, transferredor stored, or when carrying out work on thefuel system, all forms of ignition MUST beextinguished or removed, any lighting beingused MUST be flameproof and kept clear ofthe fuel.


128

Poisonous liquidsMost liquids and lubricants used in motorvehicles are poisonous and should not beconsumed or brought into contact with openwounds. These include; battery acid,anti-freeze, brake, clutch and power steeringfluid, as well as petrol, diesel, engine oil andwindscreen washer additives.

For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obeyall instructions printed on labels andcontainers.

Used engine oilProlonged contact with engine oil can causeserious skin disorders, including dermatitisand skin cancer. ALWAYS wash thoroughlyafter contact.

It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses orsoil with toxic chemicals such as used engineoil. ALWAYS dispose of vehicle liquids andlubricants at authorised waste disposal sites,or at garages which provide facilities for thereceipt of discharged batteries, used engineoil and toxic chemicals. If in doubt, contactyour Local Authority for advice.

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!


129

ENGINE UNDERTRAY

Undertray removalFront section:The front undertray (1) can be removed togain access to the engine oil filter.

• Raise the vehicle on a ramp and position asuitable support under the chassis frontcrossmember.

• Lower the ramp slightly to improveclearance between the axle and theundertray.

• Remove the four bolts securing thepropellor shaft to the front axle andreposition the shaft to prevent it fromfouling the undertray during removal.

• Remove the two bolts (2) securing theundertray to the front crossmember.

• Remove the two nuts (3) securing theundertray to the bump stop front fixingbolts, on either side of the vehicle.

• Remove the two bolts (4) securing thefront and rear undertray together.

• Lower the undertray until it clears thesteering box and pull rearwards over theaxle to remove.

Refitting the undertray is the reverse of theremoval procedure, but take care to ensurethat the flanges of the undertray are properlylocated in the rear undertray. Tighten the bolts(2, 3 & 4) to a torque rating of 14 Nm(10lbf/ft). Tighten the bolts securing thepropeller shaft to the front axle to a torquerating of 47 Nm (35 lbf/ft).


130

Undertray removalRear section:The rear undertray (1) can be removed toenable access to the gearbox drain and fillerlevel plugs.

• Raise the vehicle on a ramp.

• Remove the two bolts (2) securing therear and front undertray together.

• Remove the two bolts (3) securing therear undertray to the chassiscrossmember.

• Remove the bolt (4) securing theundertray to the right hand side of thechassis.

• Pull the undertray rearwards to disengagefrom the front undertray and remove.

Refitting the undertray is the reverse of theremoval procedure, but take care to ensurethat the flanges of the front undertray areproperly located. Tighten the bolts (2, 3, & 4)to a torque rating of 14 Nm (10 lbf/ft).


131

UNDERTRAY ACCESS PANELS

Front:The front access panel can be removed inorder to fit the engine timing cover wadingplug.

• Remove the five bolts securing the frontaccess panel to the undertray andwithdraw the panel.

• When refitting the access panel, tightenthe bolts to a torque rating of 14 Nm (10lbf/ft).

Rear:The rear access panel can be removed inorder to fit the flywheel housing wadingplug and to access the engine oil drainplug.

• Rotate the panel anti-clockwise todisengage the locking flanges, thenwithdraw the panel from the undertray.


132

ENGINE OIL RENEWAL (all engines)

NOTE: For engine oil check & top-up see’Owner maintenance’.

WARNING

DO NOT attempt to drain the engine sump ifthe engine has been running for some time,the engine oil will be hot and may causesevere scalding.

V8 engine

Tdi engine

NOTE: On some models, to access the engineoil drain plug, it will be necessary to removethe rear undertray access panel - see ’Engineundertray’, earlier in this section.

With the vehicle resting on firm, level ground,run the engine for a few minutes so that theoil will drain more easily. Turn the starterswitch to position ’0’ and disconnect thebattery negative lead.

Remove the oil filler cap and position asuitable container under the oil drain plug (4)to collect the used oil.

Remove the drain plug and its washer andallow the oil to drain completely.

NOTE: If, by necessity, this procedure isbeing carried out in dusty or sandyconditions, refit the drain plug as soon as themain bulk of the oil has drained.

When the sump has fully drained, clean thedraining plug and the surrounding area of thesump and refit with a new copper washer.

Refill the sump with fresh oil of the correctspecification (see ’General data’). Refit thefiller cap and let the vehicle stand for fiveminutes to allow the oil to drain back into thesump. Check the oil level using the dipstick(as described in ’Owner maintenance’) and topup until the correct level is obtained.

• DO NOT use oil previously drained fromthe engine.

• DO NOT OVERFILL!


133

V8 engines

Tdi engines

NOTE: On some models, to remove the oilfilter, it may be necessary to remove the frontengine undertray - see ’Engine undertray’,earlier in this section.

ENGINE OIL FILTER RENEWALTo prevent any possibility of air locks in the oilpump, it is recommended that filter renewal iscarried out AFTER the engine oil has beenchanged.

NOTE: On V8 engines, to minimise the risk ofdraining the oil pump, ensure that the oil is atthe correct operating level before removingthe filter.

• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ anddisconnect the battery negative lead.

• Clean the area around the head of thefilter.

• Place a suitable container beneath thefilter.

• Using a strap wrench, unscrew the filter(6) and discard it safely.

• Half fill the filter and smear the rubberwasher (7) of the new filter, with cleanengine oil of the correct specification (see’General data’).

• Screw the filter on clockwise until therubber washer touches up against themachined face, then tighten a further halfturn using hand pressure only. DO NOTOVERTIGHTEN.

• Connect the battery negative lead and runthe engine at a fast idle for five minutes.

• Check the filter for leaks.

Stop the engine and let the vehicle stand forfive minutes to let the oil drain back into thesump. Check the oil level (see ’Ownermaintenance’) and top up if necessary.


134

FUEL FILTER RENEWAL

Petrol enginesBefore carrying out any work on the fuelsystem, it is essential that you have read andunderstood the precautions listed at thebeginning of the section (see ’Fuel systemsafety’).

The fuel filter is located next to the fuel pumpon the right hand side of the chassis (whenviewed from the rear).


NOTE: On 110 models the fuel filter is locatedbehind a protective cover (as illustratedabove). To remove the cover, unscrew thethree bolts (1).

• Unscrew the centre bolt (2) and withdrawthe filter bowl (3).

• Remove the small sealing ring (4) andwithdraw the element (8).

• Remove the large sealing ring (5) anddiscard the old element.

• Clean the filter bowl with clean fuel, ensurethe centre and top sealing rings (7) are ingood condition. Replace if necessary.

• Fit the new element (small holedownwards) and refit the small and largesealing rings (4 and 5).

• Replace filter bowl and tighten the centrebolt.

• Connect the battery negative lead.

• Start the engine and check for leaks.


135

Tdi engine


• Clean the area around the filter head (1)and place a container under the filter.

• Using a strap wrench, unscrew the filter(2) and catch the fuel released in thecontainer.

• Wet the seal of the new filter (3) withdiesel fuel and screw the filter intoposition and tighten.

• Ensure that the drain tap (4) at the base ofthe filter is closed.


• Start the engine and check for leaks.


136

FUEL SEDIMENTER CLEANING(Tdi engines)

NOTE: The fuel sedimenter should be drainedbefore removal; this process is covered in’Owner maintenance’.

The fuel sedimenter is mounted on thechassis rear side member, near the rearwheel.


• Disconnect the fuel inlet pipe from thesedimenter and raise the pipe above thelevel of the fuel tank. The pipe must bekept at this level to prevent the tank fromdraining.

• Whilst supporting the sedimenter bowl(1), unscrew the bolt on the top of the unit(2) and then remove the bowl.

• Remove the sedimenter element (3) andclean all parts with kerosene.

• Fit new seals (4) and re-assemble thesedimenter unit.

• Slacken off the drain plug (5) until purediesel is emitted, then re-tighten.

• If necessary, prime the system.


• Start the engine and check the sedimenterfor leaks.


137

AIR CLEANER ELEMENT RENEWAL

V8 engineEngine performance will be seriouslyaffected if the air cleaner element becomeschoked with dust and other airborneparticles.

• Unscrew the two retaining nuts (1).

• Disconnect the air cleaner hose (2).

• Remove the engine breather hose (3).

• Withdraw the air cleaner cannister (4).

• Unscrew the wing nut and washer (5).

• Remove the filter seal (6).

• Remove the element (7) from thecannister.

• Discard the old element, DO NOT attemptto clean it.

• Insert the new element and secure withthe wing nut and washer.

• Fit the air cleaner cannister.

• Fit the breather hose.

• Fit the air cleaner hose.

• Secure with the retaining straps and nuts.

NOTE: Check the dump valve (8) (see ’Aircleaner dump valve check’).


138

Tdi engineEngine performance will be seriouslyaffected if the air cleaner element becomeschoked with dust and other airborneparticles.

• Release the two retaining clips (1).

• Raise the air cleaner slightly from itscradle to improve access to the element.

• Unscrew the wing nut (2) and remove theend cover.

• Unscrew the wing nut (3) and withdrawthe element.

• Clean the interior and exterior of thecasing and cover.

• Fit a new element, seal first, into thecasing.

• Secure the element with the wing nut.

• Fit the end cover and align the two arrows(4).

• Position the air cleaner in its mountingcradle and secure the two clips (1).


139

Air cleaner dump valve check - all enginesThe dump valve (8) is situated on theunderside of the element housing.

• Squeeze open the dump valve (asillustration) and check that the interior isclean. Renew the valve if perished.


140

SPARK PLUG CHECK/RENEWAL(petrol engines)

V8 engine

• Remove the HT leads from the sparkplugs.

• Remove the plugs using a spark plugsocket and ratchet.

• If they are in poor condition, replace withnew plugs of the correct specification (see’General data’).

• Set the spark plug gaps to the correctsetting (see ’General data’).

• Fit the spark plugs and washers - DO NOTOVERTIGHTEN.

NOTE: Fitting incorrect grades of spark plug,may lead to piston overheating and enginefailure.

• Refit the HT leads in the correct order (asillustration), ensuring that the leads arefirmly seated onto the plugs.

IGNITION WIRING & HT LEAD CHECKCheck the HT leads for insulation cracking, orcorrosion at end contacts. If the HT leads aredamaged, replace with new leads of the samespecification.

NOTE: Ensure leads are reconnected in thecorrect order or the engine will misfire.


141

DISTRIBUTOR

V8 engines

WARNING

ALWAYS disconnect the battery negativelead before carrying out any maintenance onthe ignition and electrical systems.

The internal operating parts of the distributorare protected by a plastic insulating cover (1)and are pre-set during manufacture - they donot require maintenance.

WARNING

DO NOT remove or tamper with the plasticinsulating cover.

• Clean the outer surfaces of the distributorcap to remove dirt or grease.

• Unclip the cap and check it for cracks.Clean the inside of the cap with a dry, lintfree cloth.

• Remove the rotor arm and check it forwear - replace if necessary.

• Apply a spot of clean engine oil to the topof the rotor spindle (2).

• Fit the rotor arm and distributor cap,ensuring that they are properly located.Secure the distributor cap with the twoclips.


142

DRIVE BELTS

Driving belt tensionAll pulleys and belts should be examinedregularly for any damage, deterioration orfouling (grit, mud, oil etc). Replace or cleanwhere necessary.

After every off-road session, the drive beltsshould be inspected for cuts and possibledamage caused by stones. If a belt hasjumped, reposition it correctly and, ifnecessary, replace it at the earliestopportunity.

WARNING

Before checking or adjusting any drive belt;to prevent the possibility of serious injury,disconnect the battery negative lead toprevent the engine from being started.

DRIVE BELT - 300 Tdi engineThe 300 Tdi engine uses a ’serpentine’ typedrive belt, which drives all the ancillariesexcept for the air conditioning compressorand 24 Volt alternator (if fitted).

An automatic drive belt tensioner keeps thebelt at the correct tension, thereby eliminatingthe need to manually check the belt deflection.

Under normal highway use, the belt must bechanged at 160,000 km (96,000 mile) or eightyear intervals (whichever occurs first), butshould be examined regularly for signs ofwear, splitting or oil contamination andreplaced accordingly.


143

ALTERNATOR DRIVE BELT

V8 engine (without air-conditioning)Check the belt deflection with thumb pressure,mid-way between the alternator andcrankshaft pulleys. Movement should beapproximately 12 mm (0.5 in). If adjustmentis necessary;


• Loosen bolts (2).

• Loosen the adjustment bolts (3).

• Pivot the alternator away from, or towardsthe engine, to increase, or reduce tension.

• Tighten the UPPER adjustment bolt (3).

• Tighten the LOWER adjustment bolt (3).

• Tighten both bolts (2).

• Connect the battery, run the engine for fiveminutes at a fast idle and then switch off.

• Re-check belt tension.

V8 engine (with air-conditioning)Check the belt deflection with thumb pressure,mid-way between the steering pump andalternator pulleys (arrowed (1) in illustration).Movement should be between 4 and 6 mm(0.16 and 0.25 in). If adjustment is necessary;


• Slacken the adjustment link clamp andpivot bolts (2).

• Slacken the two alternator pivot bolts (3).

• Move the alternator towards, or away fromthe engine to decrease, or increasetension.


144

WARNING

DO NOT use a lever to move the alternator.ONLY apply hand pressure to the alternatorbody when adjusting drive belt tension.

• Tighten the adjustment link clamp andpivot bolts (2).

• Tighten the alternator pivot bolts (3).




145

POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT

V8 engine(without air-conditioning)

Check belt deflection with thumb pressuremid-way between the crankshaft and steeringpump pulley. Movement should be between 4and 6 mm (0.16 and 0.25 in). If adjustment isnecessary;


• Slacken the two pivot bolts (2).

• Slacken the pump adjustment clamp bolt(3).

• Move the pump in the required direction toobtain the correct tension.

WARNING

DO NOT lever, or apply pressure to the pumpbody to tension the belt, as damage to thepump may occur.

• Tighten adjustment clamp bolt (3).

• Tighten the two pivot bolts (2).




146

POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT

V8 engine(with air-conditioning)

Check the belt deflection with thumb pressure,mid-way between the crankshaft and steeringpump pulleys. Movement should be between4 and 6 mm (0.16 and 0.25 in). If adjustmentis necessary;


• Slacken the alternator adjustment linkclamp and pivot bolts (2) (see ’Alternatordrive belt - V8 engine withair-conditioning’).

• Slacken the steering pump adjustmentclamp bolt (3).

• Slacken the two steering pump pivot bolts(4).

• Move the steering pump in the requireddirection to achieve the correct tension.

WARNING

DO NOT lever, or apply pressure to the pumpbody to tension the belt, as damage to thepump may occur.

• Tighten the pump adjustment clamp bolt(3).

• Tighten the two pump pivot bolts (4).

• Adjust the alternator drive belt (see’Alternator drive belt - V8 engine withair-conditioning’).


• Re-check both steering pump andalternator belt tension.


147

AIR CONDITIONING COMPRESSORDRIVE BELT

Tdi engineCorrect belt tension an only be achieved usinga suitably calibrated torque meter.

• Slacken the 3 bolts (1) securing thetensioner.

• Apply a clockwise torque of 35 Nm to thesquare drive (2) of the tensioner andtighten the bolts to 25 Nm.


148

AIR CONDITIONING COMPRESSORDRIVE BELT

V8 engineCheck the belt deflection with thumb pressure,mid-way between the compressor andfan/water pump pulley. Movement should beapproximately 4 mm to 6 mm (0.16 to 0.25in). If adjustment is necessary;


• Slacken the two compressor mountingbracket clamp bolts (3).

• Slacken the pivot bolt (4) in the centre ofthe bracket.

• Move the compressor towards/away fromthe engine, to decrease/increase thetension as required.

WARNING

DO NOT lever, or apply pressure to thecompressor, as this could cause permanentdamage.

• Tighten the clamp bolts (3).

• Tighten the pivot bolt (4).

• Check tension.


• Re-check the belt tension.


149

FAN BELT

V8 engine (with air conditioning)On vehicles fitted with air conditioning, atensioner pulley is fitted. Check the beltdeflection with thumb pressure, mid-waybetween the fan and crankshaft pulleys, on theside opposite the tensioner pulley. Movementshould be approximately 4 mm to 6 mm (0.16to 0.25 in). If adjustment is necessary;


• Slacken the tensioner pulley pinch bolt (2).

• Move the pulley to the left/right toincrease/decrease tension.

• Tighten the pulley pinch bolt.


• Re-check the belt tension.


150

MAIN GEARBOX OIL RENEWAL

WARNING


Extreme care should be taken when draininggearbox oil, it may be hot and cause severescalding.

Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, levelground and chock the wheels. Place a suitablecontainer under the gearbox to catch the usedoil.

NOTE: On some models, to access the maingearbox drain and fill plugs, it will benecessary to remove the rear section of theengine undertray - see ’Engine undertray’,earlier in this section.

• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug(2) and filler level plug (3), to preventcontamination of the gearbox.

• Remove the drain plug (2) and allow theoil to drain completely.

• Clean and refit the drain plug.

• Remove the filler level plug (3) and injectthe correct grade of oil (see ’General data’)until it begins to run from the hole.

WARNING

Use only NEW oil - DO NOT use oilpreviously drained from the system.

• Clean and refit the filler level plug.

• Wipe any surplus oil from the area andremove the wheel chocks.


151

TRANSFER GEARBOX OIL RENEWAL

WARNING


Extreme care should be taken when draininggearbox oil, it may be hot and cause severescalding.

Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, levelground and chock the wheels. Place a suitablecontainer under the gearbox to catch the usedoil.

• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug(2) and filler level (3) plug, to preventcontamination of the gearbox.


• Clean and refit the plug with a newwasher.


WARNING





152

FRONT/REAR AXLE OIL RENEWAL

WARNING


Extreme care should be taken when drainingaxle oil, it may be hot and cause severescalding.

NOTE: A front axle is illustrated, but theprocedure is the same for both axles.

Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, levelground and chock the wheels. Place a suitablecontainer under the axle to be drained to catchthe used oil.

• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug(2) and filler level plug (3), to preventcontamination of the axles.


• Clean and refit the drain plug.


WARNING





153

BRAKE PAD, DISC AND CALIPER CHECKIf the vehicle is being operated in arduousconditions, especially when deep mud and/orwading situations are regularly encountered,the condition of the brake pads, discs andcalipers should be checked at least weekly, ifnot even more frequently.

Hydraulic disc brakes are fitted to the frontand rear wheels, they are self adjusting andtherefore, no provision for manual adjustmentis made.

• Check the thickness of the brake pads,which should not be less than 3mm(0.125 in).

• Check for uneven brake pad wear.

• Check for oil contamination on the brakediscs and pads.

• Check condition of the brake discs forwear and/or corrosion.

• Check the brake calipers for any leakingbrake fluid.

If necessary, any replacement or rectificationof discs, brakes or calipers, should be carriedout by a qualified dealer.


154

HANDBRAKE CHECK/ADJUSTMENT

WARNING


Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, levelground and chock the wheels.

If the parking brake movement is excessive,adjust as follows:

• Raise one rear wheel clear of the groundand ensure it is supported securely withan axle stand.

• Release the handbrake.

• Tighten the adjusting bolt (3) until brakedrum will not rotate (by hand).

• Further tighten the adjusting bolt to atorque of 25 Nm (18 lbf/ft) to ensure thatthe brake drum is locked - if this is not thecase, consult a Land Rover dealer.

• Finally, slacken the adjusting bolt byturning it 1.5 turns anti-clockwise.

The brake drum should now be free to rotate,and the brakes shoes correctly adjusted.

PROPELLER SHAFT LUBRICATION

• Clean all the grease nipples on the frontand rear propshaft universal joints (1).Charge a low pressure hand grease gunwith the recommended grade of grease(see ’General data’) and apply to thegrease nipples (2).

WARNING

Any additional greasing of the propshaftMUST be carried out by a qualified dealer.

155

SECTION 6General data

Section Contents PageLubricants & fluids 157..................................Capacities 159................................................Engine data 160..............................................Steering 161...................................................Electrical system 161......................................Replacement bulbs 161..................................Dimensions 162.............................................Off-road performance 163..............................Towing weights 164.......................................Vehicle weights 164........................................Fuel consumption 167....................................Wheels & tyres 168........................................

General data

157

LUBRICANTS AND FLUIDSRecommendations for all climates and conditions.

COMPONENTS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ° CSpecification SAE -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Petrol engine sumpOils must meet 5W/30RES.22.OL.G4 or 5W/40, 5W/50ACEA A2:96 10W/30or API service levels SG or SH 10W/40,

10W/5010W/60

Td5 diesel engine sump 5W/305W/40, 5W/50

Oil to meetACEA A1.98 & B1.98

Tdi diesel engine sump 5W/305W/40, 5W/50

Diesel oils meetingRES 22.OL.PD2 or 10W/30ACEA B2:96 (or API CE) 10W/40

10W/5015W/40

Main gearboxTexaco MTF94

Transfer gearboxTexaco Multigear 75W 90R

Final drive unitsMolytex 90W EP

Power steeringATF M2C 33 (F or G) or LATF Dexron II D, II E or III

General data

158

Lubrication nipples (hubs, ball joints, prop. shafts, etc.)NLGI-2 Multipurpose Lithium based grease

Battery terminalsPetroleum jelly. DO NOT use silicone grease

Brake and clutch reservoirsUniversal brake fluids or any brake fluid having a minimum boiling point of 260° C(500° F) and complying with FMVSS 116 DOT4

Windscreen washersScreen washer fluid

Engine cooling system (petrol & diesel models)Use Havoline Extended Life Coolant, or any ethylene glycol based anti-freeze (containing nomethanol) with Organic Acid Technology (OAT) corrosion inhibitors. Use one partanti-freeze to one part water for protection down to -36° C (-33° F).

Air conditioning compressorR134a

Door locks (anti-burst) and inertia reelsDO NOT LUBRICATE. These components are lubricated for life during manufacture.

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159

CAPACITIESThe following capacities are approximate and provided as a guide only. All oil levels must be setusing the dipstick or level plugs as applicable.

Fuel tank - usable capacityDiesel - 110 & 130 models 75 litre (16.50 gall)...................................................Diesel - 90 models 60 litre (13.20 gall)...............................................................Petrol - 110 & 130 models 70 litre (15.40 gall)...................................................Petrol - 90 models 55 litre (12.10 gall)...............................................................

Engine sump- Td5 models 7,20 litre (12.67 pt)........................................................................- Tdi models 5,80 litre (10.15 pt).........................................................................- V8 petrol models 5,10 litre (9.00 pt)...............................................................- 4-cylinder petrol models 6,00 litre (10.56 pt)....................................................

Additional capacity after fitting new oil filter- Td5 models 1,00 litre (1.76 pt)........................................................................- Tdi models 0,85 litre (1.50 pt).........................................................................- V8 petrol models 0,56 litre (1.00 pt)...............................................................- 4-cylinder petrol models 0,85 litre (1.50 pt)....................................................

Main gearbox 2,38 litre (4.19 pt).............................................................................Transfer box 2,30 litre (4.00 pt)..............................................................................Front differential 1,70 litre (3.00 pt).........................................................................Rear differential

- (90 models) 1,70 litre (3.00 pt).......................................................................- (110 models) 2,26 litre (4.00 pt).....................................................................

Cooling system,- Td5 models 13,00 litre (22.88 pt)........................................................................- Tdi models 11,10 litre (20.00 pt).........................................................................- V8 petrol models 12,80 litre (22.50 pt)...............................................................- 4-cylinder petrol models 10,80 litre (19.00 pt)....................................................

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160

Engine - Td5Bore 84,45 mm (3.325 in).......................................................................Stroke 88,95 mm (3.502 in)....................................................................Number of cylinders 5..............................................Cylinder capacity 2498 cc...................................................Compression ratio 19.5:1.................................................Firing order 1, 2, 4, 5, 3............................................................

Engine - TdiBore 90,47 mm (3.562 in).......................................................................Stroke 97,00 mm (3.819 in)....................................................................Number of cylinders 4..............................................Cylinder capacity 2495 cc (152 cu in)...................................................Compression ratio 19.5:1.................................................Firing order 1, 3, 4, 2............................................................

Engine - V8 petrolBore 88,90 mm (3.500 in).......................................................................Stroke 71,12 mm (2.800 in)....................................................................Number of cylinders 8..............................................Cylinder capacity 3528 cc (215 cu in)...................................................Compression ratio 9.35:1.................................................Firing order 1, 8, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 2............................................................Sparking plug type Champion RN9YC.................................................Sparking plug gap 0,72 to 0,88 mm (0.028 to 0.035 in).................................................Distributor Electronic.............................................................Ignition timing, dynamic; 4° BTDC ± 1° with vacuum pipe disconnected.......................................

Engine - 4-cylinder petrolBore 90,47 mm (3.562 in).......................................................................Stroke 97,00 mm (3.819 in)....................................................................Number of cylinders 4..............................................Cylinder capacity 2495 cc (152 cu in)...................................................Compression ratio 8.0:1.................................................Firing order 1,3,4,2............................................................Sparking plug type Champion RN9YC.................................................Sparking plug gap 0,72 to 0,88 mm (0.028 to 0.035 in).................................................Distributor contact breaker gap 0,35 to 0,40 mm (0.014 to 0.016 in).............................Ignition timing, dynamic; 16° BDTC ± 1° with vacuum pipe disconnected.......................................

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STEERING (lock to lock)Manual 4.3 turns...................................................................Power assisted 3.38 turns......................................................Camber angle Zero........................................................Castor angle 3°..........................................................Swivel pin inclination 7°.............................................Front wheel toe-out 0 to 2 mm...............................................

Turning circle between kerbs:90 models 11,7 m (38.4 ft) minimum..............................................................110 models 13,41 m (44 ft) minimum............................................................130 models 15,24 m (50 ft) minimum............................................................

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMType Negative earth......................................................................Voltage 12..................................................................Battery- Td5 models Delphi GP31.........................................................- Tdi models 380/120/90..........................................................- petrol models 210/85/90......................................................Charging circuit Alternator.....................................................Ignition system- petrol models Coil......................................................

REPLACEMENT BULBSHeadlights 60/55 W Halogen bulb.............................................................Front side lights 12 V 5 W.....................................................Side repeater lights 12 V 5 W................................................Stop lights 12 V 21 W.............................................................Tail lights 12 V 5 W...............................................................Direction indicator lights 12 V 21 W........................................Number plate lights 12 V 4 W...............................................Reversing lights 12 V 21 W.....................................................Rear fog guard lights 12 V 21 W.............................................Interior lights 12 V 10 W.........................................................

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DIMENSIONS

90 models

Overall length:- Soft top & Pick-up 3722 mm (146.5 in)...............................................- Hard top & Station wagon 3883 mm (152.9 in)...................................

Overall width 1790 mm (70.5 in)..........................................................

Overall height:- Soft top 1965 mm (77.4 in)...............................................................- Pick-up & Station wagon 1963 mm (77.3 in).....................................- Hard top 1972 mm (77.6 in)..............................................................

Wheelbase 2360 mm (92.9 in).............................................................Track front/rear 1486 mm (58.5 in)......................................................Width between wheel boxes 925 mm (36.4 in)..................................

110 models

Overall length:- Soft top & Pick-up 4438 mm (175 in)...............................................- High capacity pick-up 4631 mm (182 in)..........................................- Hard top/Station wagon & County 4599 mm (181 in).......................

Overall width 1790 mm (70.5 in)..........................................................Overall height 2035 mm (80.1 in).........................................................Wheelbase 2794 mm (110 in).............................................................Track front/rear 1486 mm (58.5 in)......................................................

Width between wheel boxes:- High capacity pick-up 1090 mm (43 in)..........................................- all other models 925 mm (36.4 in)...................................................

130 models

Overall length 5132 mm (202 in).........................................................Overall width 1790 mm (70.5 in)..........................................................Overall height 2035 mm (80.1 in).........................................................Wheelbase 3226 mm (127 in).............................................................Track front/rear 1486 mm (58.5 in)......................................................Width between wheel boxes 1090 mm (43 in)..................................

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OFF-ROAD PERFORMANCE

90 modelsMax. gradient (EEC kerb weight) 45°............................

Approach angle:- Soft top & Pick-up (EEC kerb weight) 48°.................- Hard top & Station wagon (EEC kerb weight) 51.5°......

Departure angle- Soft top & Pick-up (EEC kerb weight) 49°.................- Hard top & Station wagon (EEC kerb weight) 53°......

Wading depth 500 mm (20 in)........................................................

Min. ground clearance (unladen):- Soft top & Pick-up 191 mm (7.5 in)...............................................- Hard top & Station wagon 229 mm (9.0 in)...................................

NOTE: Departure angles do not account for the addition of a tow hitch.

110 & 130 modelsMax. gradient (EEC kerb weight) 45°............................Approach angle (EEC kerb weight) 50°.........................

Departure angle (EEC kerb weight)110 models 35°............................................................130 models 34°............................................................

Wading depth 500 mm (20 in)........................................................Min. ground clearance (unladen) 215 mm (8.5 in)...........................

NOTE: Departure angles do not account for the addition of a tow hitch.

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TOWING WEIGHTS On-road Off-road- Unbraked trailers 750 kg (1653 lb)............................................ 500 kg (1102 lb)- Trailers with overrun brakes 3500 kg (7716 lb).......................... 1000 kg (2204 lb)- 4 wheel trailers with coupled brakes* 3500 kg (7716 lb)............ 1000 kg (2204 lb)

Nose weight 150 kg (330 lb)....................................................... 150 kg (330 lb)

NOTE: * Only applies to vehicles modified to accept coupled brakes.

NOTE: All weight figures are subject to local restrictions.

VEHICLE WEIGHTS

90 modelsMax front axle weight 1200 kg (2645 lb)......................................Max rear axle weight 1500 kg (3307 lb)........................................Gross vehicle weightStation Wagon 2550 kg (5622 lb).................................................Utility vehicles 2400 kg (5291 lb).................................................

110 modelsMax front axle weight 1200 kg (2645 lb)......................................Max rear axle weightStation Wagon 1750 kg (3858 lb).................................................Utility vehicles 1850 kg (4078 lb).................................................Gross vehicle weightStation Wagon 2950 kg (6503 lb).................................................Utility vehicles 3050 kg (6724 lb).................................................

Heavy duty 110 & 130 modelsMax front axle weight 1580 kg (3483 lb)......................................Max rear axle weight 2200 kg (4850 lb)........................................Gross vehicle weight 3500 kg (7716 lb)........................................

NOTE: Axle weights are non additive. The individual maximum axle weights and gross vehicleweight must not be exceeded.

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EEC KERB WEIGHT

90 models Standard High load

Soft-top/Pick-up:- Td5 1770 kg (3402 lb)................................................................ 1993 kg (4393 lb)- Tdi 1694 kg (3734 lb)................................................................. 1698 kg (3743 lb)- V8 petrol 1627 kg (3587 lb)....................................................... 1627 kg (3587 lb)- 4-cyl petrol 1636 kg (3606 lb).................................................... 1640 kg (3615 lb)

Hard top:- Td5 1815 kg (4001 lb)................................................................ 1987 kg (4380 lb)- Tdi 1746 kg (3849 lb)................................................................. 1750 kg (3858 lb)- V8 petrol 1672 kg (3686 lb)....................................................... 1672 kg (3686 lb)- 4-cyl petrol 1683 kg (3710 lb).................................................... 1687 kg (3719 lb)

Station wagon:- Td5 1870 kg - 1885 kg................................................................ 1989 kg - 1998 kg

(4122 lb - 4155 lb) (4385 lb - 4404 lb)- Tdi 1793 kg (3952 lb)................................................................. 1797 kg (3961 lb)- V8 petrol 1690 kg (3725 lb)....................................................... 1690 kg (3725 lb)- 4-cyl petrol 1701 kg (3750 lb).................................................... 1705 kg (3758 lb)

EEC kerb weight = Unladen weight + Full fuel tank + 75 kg driver.

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EEC KERB WEIGHT

110 models

Soft top/Pick-up:- Td5 1885 kg - 2080 kg................................................................ (4155 lb - 4585 lb)- Tdi 1890 kg......................................................................... (4166 lb)- V8 petrol 1825 kg............................................................... (4023 lb)- 4-cyl petrol 1825 kg............................................................ (4023 lb)

H.C. pick-up:- Td5 1920 kg - 2122 kg................................................................ (4232 lb - 4678 lb)- Tdi 1927 kg......................................................................... (4248 lb)- V8 petrol 1863 kg............................................................... (4107 lb)- 4-cyl petrol 1863 kg............................................................ (4107 lb)

Hard top:-Td5 1920 kg - 2110 kg................................................................. (4232 lb - 4651 lb)- Tdi 1923 kg......................................................................... (4239 lb)- V8 petrol 1850 kg............................................................... (4078 lb)- 4-cyl petrol 1850 kg............................................................ (4078 lb)

Station wagon:- Td5 2055 kg - 2229 kg................................................................ (4530 lb - 4914 lb)- Tdi 2028 kg - 2064 kg................................................................. (4470 lb - 4550 lb)- V8 petrol 1954 kg - 1990 kg....................................................... (4307 lb - 4387 lb)- 4-cyl petrol 1953 kg - 1989 kg.................................................... (4305 lb - 4385 lb)

130 models

Crew cab & H.C. pick-up- Td5 2117 kg - 2286 kg................................................................ (4667 lb - 5039 lb)- Tdi 2086 kg......................................................................... (4598 lb)- V8 petrol 2012 kg............................................................... (4435 lb)

EEC kerb weight = Unladen weight + Full fuel tank + 75 kg driver.

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FUEL CONSUMPTIONThe fuel consumption figures shown below have been calculated using a standard testingprocedure (the new EC test procedure from Directive 93/116/EC), and produced in accordancewith The Passenger Car Fuel Consumption (Amendment) Order 1996. Under normal use, a car’sactual fuel consumption figures may differ from those achieved through the test procedure,depending on driving technique, road and traffic conditions, environmental factors, vehicle andload conditions.

URBAN EXTRA-URBAN COMBINEDmpg l/100km mpg l/100km mpg l/100km

90 models:Td5 23.5 12.0 31.5 9.0 28.0 10.1

110 & 130 models:Td5 22.3 12.7 29.2 9.7 26.2 10.8

Urban cycleThe urban test cycle is carried out from a cold start and consists of a series of accelerations,decelerations and periods of steady speed driving and engine idling. The maximum speed attainedduring the test is 31 mph (50 km/h), with an average speed of 12 mph (19 km/h).

Extra-urban cycleThe extra-urban test cycle is carried out immediately after the urban test. Approximately half thetest comprises steady speed driving, while the remainder consists of a series of accelerations,decelerations and engine idling. The maximum test speed is 75 mph (120 km/h) and the averagespeed 39 mph (63 km/h). The test is carried out over a distance of 4.3 miles (7 km).

CombinedThe combined figure is an average of the urban and the extra-urban test cycle results, which hasbeen weighted to take account of the different distances covered during the two tests.

NOTE: These figures should not be compared with the figures produced using the ECE/EECprocedure previously required by The Passenger Car Fuel Consumption Order 1983. Because ofthe changes in test procedure, even the urban figures would differ if the same car were subjectedto both tests.

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TYRE SIZE AND PRESSURES

90 models: Front RearNormal - all load conditions205 R16 radial 1,9 bar................................................ 2,4 bar& 265/75 R16 radial (multi-terrain) 28 lbf/in2 35 lbf/in2

2,0 kgf/cm2 2,5 kgf/cm2

750 R16 radial 1,9 bar................................................ 2,75 bar28 lbf/in2 40 lbf/in2


110 models: Front Rear

750 R16 RadialNormal - all load conditions 1,9 bar............................. 3,3 bar

28 lbf/in2 48 lbf/in2


130 models: Front Rear

750 R16 RadialNormal - all load conditions 3,0 bar............................. 4,5 bar

44 lbf/in2 65 lbf/in2


WARNING

Tyre pressures must be checked with thetyres cold, as the pressure is about 0.21 bar(3 lbf/in2) 0.2 kgf/cm2 higher at runningtemperature. If the vehicle has been parkedin the sun or high ambient temperatures, DONOT reduce the tyre pressures, move thevehicle into the shade and wait for the tyresto cool before checking the pressures.

WARNING

ALWAYS use the same make and type ofradial-ply tyres, front and rear. DO NOT usecross-ply tyres, or interchange tyres fromfront to rear.

• If the wheel is marked ’TUBED’, an innertube MUST be fitted, even with atubeless tyre.

• If the wheel is marked ’TUBELESS’, aninner tube must NOT be fitted.

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SECTION 7Parts & accessories

Section Contents PageParts & accessories 171.................................Electrical equipment 171................................After sales service 172....................................Travelling abroad 172.....................................

Parts & accessories

171

PARTS AND ACCESSORIESYour vehicle has been designed,manufactured and proven to cope with themost rigorous driving conditions. As such,fitting parts and accessories that have beendeveloped and tested to the same stringentstandards is essential to guarantee thecontinued reliability, safety and performanceof the vehicle.

To augment the vehicles’ already awesomeability, a comprehensive and versatile range ofquality spare parts and accessories areavailable to fulfill a wide variety of roles, bothenhancing and protecting the vehicle in themany tasks to which it can be applied.

Genuine Land Rover Parts are the ONLY partsbuilt to original equipment specifications ANDapproved by Land Rover designers - thismeans that every single part and accessoryhas been rigorously tested by the sameengineering team that designed and built thevehicle and can therefore be GUARANTEED fortwelve months with UNLIMITED MILEAGE.

A full list and description of all availableaccessories is available from your Land Roverdealer.

It is recommended that you always consult aLand Rover dealer before fitting accessories,and before commencing any conversion oralteration to the vehicles original specification.

WARNING

The fitting of parts and accessories ofinferior quality, or the carrying out ofnon-approved conversions, may bedangerous and could affect the safety of thevehicle and occupants and invalidate theterms and conditions of the vehiclewarranty.

Electrical equipment

WARNING

It is extremely hazardous to fit or replaceparts or accessories whose installationrequires the dismantling of or addition toeither the electrical or fuel system.

Fitting inferior quality parts or accessories,may be dangerous and could invalidate thevehicle warranty.

It is recommended that you always consult aLand Rover dealer for advice regarding theapproval, suitability, installation and use ofany electrical parts or accessories beforefitting.

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After sales serviceThe After Sales Parts service is of paramountimportance, both in the UK and across theworld. In the UK there are over 100 authorisedLand Rover dealers, all computer linked forrapid ordering of parts and accessories.

In addition, with franchised representation inover 100 countries worldwide, Land Rover areable to support your vehicle wherever you go.

A full list of Land Rover dealers is included inthe literature pack.

Only Land Rover dealers are able to providethe full range of recommended parts andaccessories that meet our rigorous standardsof safety, durability and performance.

Travelling abroadIn certain countries, it is illegal to fit partswhich have not been made to the vehiclemanufacturers’ specification.

Owners should ensure that any parts oraccessories fitted to the vehicle whiletravelling abroad, will conform to the legalrequirements of their own country when theyreturn home.

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This section of the handbook is devoted toyour vehicle’s superb off-road drivingcapabilities.

Before venturing off-road however, it isabsolutely essential that inexperienceddrivers become fully familiar with the vehicle’scontrols, in particular the transfer gearbox,and also study the off-road driving techniquesdescribed on the following pages.

SECTION 8Off-road driving

Section Contents PageBasic off-road techniques 175........................Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand 179........Driving on slippery surfaces 180....................Driving on rough tracks 180...........................Climbing steep slopes 181..............................Descending steep slopes 182.........................Traversing a slope 183...................................Negotiating a ’V’ shaped gully 183..................Driving in existing wheel tracks 183...............Crossing a ridge 183......................................Crossing a ditch 183.......................................Wading 184....................................................

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WARNING

Off-road driving can be hazardous!

• DO NOT take unnecessary risks.

• Be prepared for emergencies at alltimes.

• Familiarise yourself with therecommended driving techniques inorder to minimise risks to yourself, yourvehicle AND your passengers.

• Always use a seat belt for personalprotection in all off-road drivingconditions.

• DO NOT drive if the fuel level is low -undulating ground and steep inclinescould cause fuel starvation to theengine.

• Driving off-road with a loaded roof rackis not recommended. If it is necessary tostow luggage on the roof-rack whiledriving off-road, all loads MUST beremoved before traversing side slopes.

BASIC OFF-ROAD TECHNIQUESThese basic driving techniques are anintroduction to the art of off-road driving anddo not necessarily provide the informationneeded to successfully cope with every singleoff-road situation.

We strongly recommend that owners whointend to drive off-road frequently, shouldseek as much additional information andpractical experience as possible.

Gear selectionCorrect gear selection is possibly the singlemost important factor for safe and successfuloff-road driving. While only experience will tellyou which is the correct gear for any sectionof ground, the following basic rules apply:

1. NEVER change gear or de-clutch whilenegotiating difficult terrain - the drag onthe wheels may cause the vehicle to stopwhen the clutch is depressed andrestarting may be difficult.

2. Generally, and especially where slippery orsoft ground conditions prevail, the higherthe gear you select the better.

3. When descending very steep slopesalways select 1st gear in LOW range.

Inexperienced drivers are advised to stop thevehicle and carefully consider which gear willbe most appropriate for each manoeuvrebefore continuing.

Slipping the clutchUse of excessive clutch slip to prevent theengine stalling will result in premature clutchwear. Always select a gear low enough toenable the vehicle to proceed without the needto slip the clutch.

DO NOT drive with your foot resting on theclutch pedal; driving across uneven terraincould cause you to inadvertently depress theclutch, resulting in loss of control of thevehicle.

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Transfer gearsHigh range gears should be used wheneverpossible - only change to low range whenground conditions become very difficult. TheDIFF LOCK should be engaged whenever thereis a risk of losing wheel grip, and disengagedas soon as firm, level, non-slippery ground isreached.

BrakingAs far as possible, vehicle speed should becontrolled through correct gear selection.Application of the brake pedal should be keptto an absolute minimum. Unless ABS is fitted,any braking on wet, muddy or loose surfacesis likely to cause one or more wheels to lock -the resultant slide could prove dangerous.

NOTE: If the correct gear has been selected,braking will be largely unnecessary.

Use of engine for brakingBefore descending steep slopes, stop thevehicle at least a length before the descent,select neutral in the main gearbox, engageLOW range and then select first or secondgear depending on the severity of the incline.

While descending the slope it should beremembered that the engine will providesufficient braking effort to control the rate ofdescent, and that the brakes should not beapplied.

AcceleratingUse the accelerator with care - unless Tractioncontrol is fitted, any sudden surge of powermay induce wheel spin and result in loss ofcontrol of the vehicle.

Steering

WARNING

DO NOT hold the steering wheel with yourthumbs inside the rim - a sudden ’kick’ ofthe wheel as the vehicle negotiates a rut orboulder could seriously injure them.ALWAYS grip the wheel on the outside of therim (as shown) when traversing unevenground.

Survey the ground before drivingBefore negotiating difficult terrain, it is wise tocarry out a preliminary survey on foot. Thiswill minimise the risk of your vehicle gettinginto difficulty through a previously unnoticedhazard.

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Ground clearanceDon’t forget to allow for ground clearancebeneath the chassis, axles, and under thefront and rear bumpers. Note that the axledifferentials are situated BELOW the chassisand are positioned slightly to the RIGHT of thecentre of the vehicle. Note also that there areother parts of the vehicle which may comeinto contact with the ground; take care not toground the vehicle.

Ground clearance is particularly important atthe bottom of steep a slope, or where wheelruts are unusually deep and where suddenchanges in the slope of the ground areexperienced.

On soft ground the axle differentials will cleartheir own path in all but the most difficultconditions. However, on frozen, rocky or hardground, hard contact between the differentialsand the ground will generally result in thevehicle coming to a sudden stop.

Always attempt to avoid obstacles that mayfoul the chassis or axle differentials.

Loss of tractionOn vehicles not fitted with Traction control, ifthe vehicle is immobile due to loss of wheelgrip, the following hints could be of value:

• Avoid prolonged wheel spin; this will makematters worse.

• Remove obstacles rather than forcing thevehicle across them.

• Clear clogged tyre treads.

• Reverse as far as possible, then attemptan increased speed approach - additionalmomentum may overcome the obstacle.

• Brushwood, sacking or any similarmaterial placed in front of the tyres willimprove tyre grip.

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After driving off-roadBefore rejoining the public highway, ordriving at speeds above 40 km/h (25mph), consideration should be given tothe following:

• Wheels and tyres must be cleaned ofmud and inspected for damage -ensure there are no lumps or bulgesin the tyres or exposure of the ply orcord structure.

• Brake discs and calipers should beexamined and any stones or grit thatmay affect braking efficiencyremoved.

Servicing requirementsVehicles operating in arduous conditions,particularly on dusty, muddy, or wetterrain, and vehicles undergoing frequentor deep wading conditions will requiremore frequent servicing. See ’Ownermaintenance’ and contact a Land Roverdealer for advice.

In addition:

After wading in salt water or driving onsandy beaches, use a hose to thoroughlywash the underbody components and anyexposed body panels with fresh water.This will help to protect the vehicle’scosmetic appearance.

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DRIVING ON SOFT SURFACES & DRY SANDThe ideal technique for driving on soft groundand dry sand, requires the vehicle to be keptmoving at all times - soft ground and sandcauses excessive drag on the wheels,resulting in a rapid loss of motion oncedriving momentum is lost. For this reason,gear changing should be avoided.

• Engage the DIFF LOCK.

• Select the highest suitable gear andREMAIN in that gear until a firm surface isreached. It is generally advisable to useLOW range gears, as these will enable youto accelerate through worseningconditions without the risk of being unableto restart.

• Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as firmground is reached.

Stopping the vehicle on soft ground, in sandor on an incline

If you do stop your vehicle, remember:

Starting on an incline or in soft ground orsand is almost impossible. Always park on afirm level area, or with the vehicle facingdownhill.

On vehicles not fitted with Traction control, toavoid wheel spin, select second or third gear,and use the MINIMUM throttle necessary toget the vehicle moving.

If forward motion is lost, avoid excessive useof the throttle - on vehicles not fitted withTraction control, this will cause wheel spinand tend to dig the vehicle into the sand. Clearsand from around the tyres and ensure thatthe chassis and axles are not bearing on thesand before again attempting to move.

If the wheels have sunk, use an air bag liftingdevice or high lift jack to raise the vehicle, andthen build up sand under the wheels so thatthe vehicle is again on level ground. If arestart is still not possible, place sand mats orladders beneath the wheels.

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DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES(ice, snow, mud, wet grass)

• With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select thehighest gear possible.

• Drive away using the MINIMUM possiblethrottle opening.

• Drive slowly at all times, keeping brakingto a minimum and avoiding violentmovements of the steering wheel.

• Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as anon slippery surface is reached.

DRIVING ON ROUGH TRACKSAlthough rough tracks can sometimes benegotiated in normal drive, it is advisable tolock the differential if excessive suspensionmovement is likely to induce wheel spin.

On very rough tracks, engage LOW range toenable a steady, low speed to be maintainedwithout constant use of the brake and clutchpedals.

Always disengage the DIFF LOCK whensmooth, firm ground is reached.

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CLIMBING STEEP SLOPESEngage the DIFF LOCK and ALWAYS followthe fall line of the slope - travelling diagonallycould encourage the vehicle to slide broadsidedown the slope.

Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gearrange. If the surface is loose or slippery, usesufficient speed in the highest practical gearto take advantage of the vehicle’s momentum.However, too high a speed over a bumpysurface may result in a wheel lifting, causingvehicles not fitted with Traction control to losetraction. In this case try a slower approach.Traction can also be improved by easing offthe accelerator just before loss of forwardmotion.

If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, donot attempt to turn it around while on theslope. Instead, adopt the following procedureto reverse downhill to the foot of the slope:

1. Hold the vehicle stationary using both footand hand brakes.

2. Restart the engine if necessary.

3. Engage reverse gear LOW range.

4. Release the handbrake. Then release thefoot brake and clutch simultaneously, andallow the vehicle to reverse down theslope using engine braking to control therate of descent.

5. Unless it is necessary to stop the vehiclein order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOTapply the brake or clutch pedal during thedescent.

6. If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerateslightly to allow the tyres to regain grip.

When the vehicle is back on level ground orwhere traction can be regained, a fasterapproach will probably enable the hill to beclimbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessaryrisks, if the hill is too difficult to climb, find analternative route.

WARNING

The engine must be restarted beforereversing down the slope, as there will beno servo assistance to the brakes unless theengine is running.

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DESCENDING STEEP SLOPES

A. Stop the vehicle at least a vehicle lengthbefore the slope and engage first gearLOW range with the differential locked.

B. Unless it is necessary to stop the vehiclein order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOTtouch the brake or clutch pedals duringthe descent - the engine will limit thespeed, keeping the vehicle under controlprovided the front wheels are turning. Ifthe vehicle begins to slide, accelerategently to maintain directional stability - DONOT use the brakes or attempt to changegear.

C. Once level ground is reached, unlock thedifferential and select a suitable gear forthe next stage of your journey.

WARNING

Failure to follow these instructions maycause the vehicle to roll over.

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TRAVERSING A SLOPEBefore crossing a slope, ALWAYS observe thefollowing precautions:

• Check that the ground is firm and notslippery.

• Check that the wheels on the downhill sideof the vehicle are not likely to drop intoany depressions in the ground and that the’uphill’ wheels will not run over rocks, treeroots, or similar obstacles that couldsuddenly increase the angle of tilt.

• Ensure that passenger weight is evenlydistributed, that all roof rack luggage isremoved and that all other luggage isproperly secured and stowed as low aspossible. Always remember; any suddenmovement of the load could cause thevehicle to overturn.

• Rear seat passengers should sit on theuphill side of the vehicle or, in extremeconditions, should vacate the vehicle untilthe sloping ground has been safelynegotiated.

NEGOTIATING A ’V’ SHAPED GULLYObserve extreme caution! Steering up eitherof the gully walls could cause the side of thevehicle to be trapped against the oppositegully wall.

DRIVING IN EXISTING WHEEL TRACKSAs far as possible allow the vehicle to steeritself along the bottom of the ruts. However,always keep a light hold of the steering wheelto prevent it from spinning free.

Particularly in wet conditions, if the steeringwheel is allowed to spin free, the vehicle mayappear to be driving straight ahead in the ruts,but in actual fact (due to the lack of tractioncaused by the wet ground) is unknowingly onfull right or left lock. Then, when level groundis reached, or if a dry patch is encountered,the wheels will find traction and cause thevehicle to suddenly veer to left or right.

CROSSING A RIDGEApproach at right angles so that both frontwheels and then both rear wheels cross theridge together - an angled approach couldcause traction to be lost (if Traction control isnot fitted) through diagonally opposite wheelslifting from the ground at the same time.

CROSSING A DITCHWith the DIFF LOCK engaged, cross ditches atan angle so that three wheels always maintaincontact with the ground (if approached headon, both front wheels will drop into the ditchtogether, possibly resulting in the chassis andfront bumper being trapped on opposite sidesof the ditch).

Off-road driving

184

WADING

WARNING

The maximum advisable wading depth is0,5 metre (20 in.).Severe electrical damage may occur if thevehicle remains stationary for any length oftime when the water level is above the doorsills.

If the water is likely to exceed 0,5 metre (20in.) while the vehicle is moving, the followingprecautions MUST be observed:

• Fix a plastic sheet in front of the radiatorgrille to prevent water from soaking theengine and mud from blocking theradiator.

• Fit a drain plug to the flywheel housingand diesel engine timing cover - Tdiengines only (see ’Owner maintenance’).

• Ensure that the silt bed beneath the wateris firm enough to support the vehicle’sweight and provide sufficient traction.

• Ensure that the engine air intake is clear ofthe water.

• To prevent saturation of the electricalsystem and air intake, avoid excessiveengine speed.

• With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select a lowgear and maintain sufficient throttle toprevent the engine from stalling. This isparticularly important if the exhaust pipe isunder water.

• Drive slowly into the water and accelerateto a speed which causes a bow wave toform; then maintain that speed.

At all times, keep all the doors fully closed.

After wading

• Drive the vehicle a short distance andapply the foot brake to check that thebrakes are fully effective.

• DO NOT rely on the handbrake to hold thevehicle stationary until the transmissionhas thoroughly dried out; in the meantime,leave the vehicle parked in gear.

• Remove the timing cover drain plug(where fitted) and also any coveringmaterial from the front of the radiatorgrille.

• If the water was particularly muddy,remove any blockages (mud and leaves)from the radiator to reduce the risk ofoverheating.

• If deep water is regularly negotiated, checktransmission oils for signs of watercontamination - contaminated oil can beidentified through its ’milky’ appearance.In addition, check the air filter element forwater ingress, and replace if wet.

• Vehicles required to undergo frequent ordeep wading conditions will require morefrequent servicing. See ’Ownermaintenance’ and contact a Land Roverdealer for advice.

• If salt water is frequently negotiated,thoroughly wash the underbodycomponents and exposed body panels,with fresh water.

Index

185

AABS 66...........................................................Access code 16..............................................Accessories 171.............................................After sales service 172....................................Air cleaner element renewal 137.....................Air conditioning 42.........................................Air filter 137....................................................Air recirculation 44.........................................Air vents 39....................................................Alarm 13.........................................................Anti-freeze 92 & 158.......................................Anti-lock brakes 66.........................................Anti-theft alarm 13..........................................Anti-theft alarm indicator light 14...................Anti-theft precautions 4..................................Ashtray 44......................................................Axle oil renewal 152........................................Axle weights 164............................................BBattery 101.....................................................Battery charging 103......................................Battery disconnection 20................................Blower control 40...........................................Bonnet opening 84.........................................Booster cables 72...........................................Brake fluid check 96.......................................Brake fluid specification 158...........................Brake pad/disc check 153...............................Brake pads 64.................................................Brakes 64.......................................................Braking system 64..........................................Breakdown safety 5........................................Bulb replacement 116.....................................CCapacities 159................................................Care products 122..........................................Child restraints 26..........................................Child-proof locks 12.......................................Chocking a wheel 105.....................................Cigar lighter 44...............................................Cleaning 121...................................................

Clock 28.........................................................Clutch 59........................................................Clutch fluid specification 158..........................Clutch fluid top-up 95.....................................Cold start control 50.......................................Controls 9.......................................................Cooling system top-up 91..............................Crossing a ditch 183.......................................Crossing a ridge 183......................................DDefrosting 41 & 43..........................................Demisting 41 & 43..........................................Descending steep slopes 182.........................Diesel fuel filter 94..........................................Diesel fuel sedimenter 94...............................Differential lock 62..........................................Dimensions 162.............................................Distributor 141...............................................Drive belts 142...............................................Driving 52.......................................................Driving on rough tracks 180...........................Driving on slippery surfaces 180....................Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand 179........Dynamometers (’rolling roads’) 82.................EElectrical equipment 171................................Electrical system 161......................................Emergency starting 72....................................Emergency towing 73.....................................Emission control system 52...........................Engine 160.....................................................Engine compartment 86.................................Engine data 160..............................................Engine immobilisation 15...............................Engine oil 89...................................................Engine oil (renewal) 132.................................Engine oil (used) 83........................................Engine oil filter renewal 133............................Engine oil top-up 89.......................................Engine undertray 129.....................................

Index

186

FFan control 40................................................Fluid specifications 157..................................Fog lights 36...................................................Fuel 55............................................................Fuel consumption 167....................................Fuel economy 53............................................Fuel filling 56..................................................Fuel filter 94....................................................Fuel filter renewal 134....................................Fuel gauge 28.................................................Fuel safety 56.................................................Fuel sedimenter 94.........................................Fuel sedimenter cleaning 136.........................Fuel tank capacity 159....................................Fuses 113.......................................................GGearbox 59.....................................................Gearbox oil change 150..................................Ground clearance 177.....................................HHandbrake 65.................................................Handbrake check 154.....................................Handset 13 & 18.............................................Handset battery 18.........................................Handset resynchronisation 18........................Hand throttle 78..............................................Hazard warning lights 36................................Headlight adjuster 33......................................Headlight levelling 33.....................................Headlights 32.................................................Heated rear window 36...................................Heater 39........................................................Height (of vehicle) 54.....................................High range gears 60.......................................High tension leads 140...................................Horn 32..........................................................HT leads 140..................................................

IIgnition 47......................................................Indicators 32..................................................Instruments 28...............................................Interior lights 44.............................................Interior protection 15......................................Interior trim 122.............................................JJack (’bottle’ type) 107...................................Jack (’pillar’ type) 108....................................Jack (wheel changing) 107.............................Jacking 105....................................................Jacking points 108.........................................Jump starting 72............................................KKey access code 16........................................Keys 11...........................................................LLight switches 32...........................................Lights 32........................................................Load carrying 69............................................Locking wheel nuts 111..................................Locks 11.........................................................Low range gears 60........................................Lubricant specifications 157...........................MMain gearbox oil renewal 150.........................Maintenance 3 & 81........................................OOff-road driving 175.......................................Off-road performance 163..............................Oil 83..............................................................Oil change 132................................................Oil filter renewal 133.......................................Owner maintenance 81...................................PPark brake check 154.....................................Parts & accessories 171.................................Poisonous liquids 83......................................Power steering 54..........................................Power steering top-up 97...............................Power take-off drives 77.................................Propeller shaft lubrication 154........................

Index

187

RRadiator blind 55............................................Rear fog guard lights 36.................................Rear seats 22..................................................Rear window heater 36...................................Rear window wash/wipe 35............................Replacement bulbs 161..................................Rolling roads (dynamometers) 82..................Roof rack 71...................................................Running-in 52.................................................SSafety in the garage 83 & 127.........................Safety on the forecourt 56..............................Seat belt safety 24..........................................Seat belts 24...................................................Seats 21.........................................................Security 4.......................................................Security information card 16..........................Sedimenter 94................................................Sedimenter cleaning - diesel 136....................Service portfolio book 3 & 81..........................Service voucher 3...........................................Sidelights 32...................................................Snow chains 99..............................................Spare wheel 105.............................................Spare wheel (removing) 106..........................Spark plug renewal 140..................................Speedometer 28.............................................Starter switch 47............................................Starting 48......................................................Starting with a discharged battery 72.............Steam cleaning 121........................................Steep slopes 181............................................Steering 161...................................................Steering lock 47..............................................Sunroof 38.....................................................Switches 36....................................................Switching off 51.............................................TTaildoor 12.....................................................Temperature gauge 28....................................Total distance recorder 28..............................

Towing 69......................................................Towing for recovery 73...................................Towing weights 70 & 164...............................Traction control 68.........................................Trailer socket 71.............................................Transfer gearbox 60.......................................Transfer gearbox oil renewal 151....................Transmission 59.............................................Transmission ’wind-up’ 63.............................Transporter or trailer lashing 75.....................Travelling abroad 172.....................................Traversing a slope 183...................................Trip recorder 28..............................................Trip recorder reset button 28..........................Tyre sizes and pressures 168.........................Tyre wear 98...................................................Tyres 98.........................................................VVehicle care 121.............................................Vehicle height 54............................................Vehicle identification number 4.......................Vehicle recovery 74........................................Vehicle weights 164........................................Ventilation 39.................................................VIN 4..............................................................WWading 184....................................................Wading plugs 112..........................................Warning labels 3.............................................Warning lights 29...........................................Warnings 3 & 29.............................................Warranty information 3...................................Washer 34......................................................Washer jet adjustment 100.............................Washing your vehicle 121..............................Weights 164...................................................Wheel changing 105.......................................Wheel chocks 105..........................................Wheels 99.......................................................Wheels & tyres 168........................................Winching 76...................................................Windows 37...................................................

Index

188

Windscreen washer 34...................................Windscreen washer top-up 92........................Windscreen wipers 34....................................Wiper blade replacement 100.........................Wipers 34.......................................................Workshop maintenance 125...........................

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