user-driven taxonomies

© Copyright 2008 Dow Jones and Company, Inc.

User-Driven Taxonomies

Christine Connors

iKMS, Singapore, 13 March 2008

Proprietary and Confidential | © Copyright 2008 Dow Jones and Company, Inc.

The problem with…

Formal taxonomies High cost

Taxonomy creation experts Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) Software & Hardware Purchase & modify Consultants

Scope and timeline Implementation Maintenance Hard to sell an ROI


The problem with…

Informal taxonomies Consistency, clarity, context Scope and timeline Implementation Maintenance Hard to sell an ROI


The benefits of a hybrid approach

Expertise in taxonomy design User-centered language Contextual variety User-driven prioritization of knowledge modeling Grow the model faster

Guided by taxonomists to avoid chaos Distributed costs

Does require A champion Change Control Board / Taxonomy Advisory Board


Literary and user warrant in the enterprise

Object Repositories

Metadata Registries/Repositories

Search & BrowseMechanisms (UI)


What is a folksonomy?

“People’s classification management”

Wisdom of the crowd

User-generated tags applied to digital objects

Informal, uncontrolled vocabularies

Usually Subject or Task based

Provide little to no context on their own


Examples

Primary examples are del.icio.us and flickr

Blogs are anothergood place to look


Lessons learned: Hybrid methods and Social tagging pilots


Evolution

In the beginning… Best Bets were created by the search

administrator Search terms parsed out of the query sent

from the browser to the search engine Terms compared to manually created list of

Best Bet sites Matches were programmatically inserted

into the SERP before the #1 hit, with special formatting to highlight their existence

Intranet site owners called the search administrator to beg inclusion


An early pilot

• Each resource can only be placed in one bucket, need to duplicate entries for full coverage

• Not integrated with any other system - ILMS, DMS, CMS, FS

• Administered by Research Librarians

• Rarely used!

• How do we integrate Enterprise Search, Suggested Sites, Public Bookmarks and Social Tagging?


Updates to enterprise search

In search, search terms are tagged to bring back certain websitesUsers call, email or submit via web-form sites they would like to see addedTaxonomy team reviewed the submission for appropriateness, accuracy of tags, uniqueness of tags Sites and associated terms are manually entered into a flat fileDuring the regular index refresh cycle the flat file is programmatically converted to XML and ingested into search


2006 Social bookmarking pilot

We wanted to see *what* would happen if we “opened” up the tagging

Goal was to help our users find commonly requested information and most useful information by Tagging favorite internal websites

Maintain security by NOT posting intranet URLs to public sites like del.icio.us

Linking directly to a resource, be it internal or external Sharing and searching other user’s bookmarks Removing a bottleneck and relieving resource constraints in

a moderated hybrid system Reviewed available systems

Public sites not an option due to security considerations Connotea, Scuttle, del.irio.us, Freetag


How can folksonomies improve discovery?


As Inputs

To taxonomies, thesauri, ontologies? What folksonomy terms are popular? What synonyms can you derive? What relationships can you identify? What entity types are you discovering?

To search Identify Best Bets As inputs to a recommendation engine

To the content management strategy What do they tell you about how your content is

perceived? What do they tell you about how your content is used? Do they tell you when your users go elsewhere for

their content needs?


User driven

Enables user warrant Useful for understanding users – how do they think

about the objects you are providing to them? Allows the users to find things their own way, rather

than forcing them to do it the site’s way

Improves user experience Combine with search and web logs to

Improve navigation Improve browse mechanisms Improve search Identify content gaps Prioritize content and UI related tasks


How can you implement folksonomy tools?


Sample Pure methods

Install a tagging tool Tools similar to del.icio.us

Connotea Scuttle ConnectBeam Semantic applications such as Annotea (W3C) or

semantic blogging tools Modules for blogs/CMSs, examples:

Taxonomy modules for Drupal Tagging system in Wordpress or Typepad Extensions for MediaWiki

Make sure you review the reports available in the tools you consider Can you get actionable data?


Sample implementations of social/hybrid methods

Best bets Allow users to submit sites, along with keywords, to

improve search results

File properties / repository check-in form Encourage (or require!) that users

fill out the properties of the files they create, using any terms they deem appropriate

Automate whenever possible


Commercial Example

Buzzillions.com Combines formal taxonomy with folksonomy terms to

guide users to the products right for them


Thank you!

Christine ConnorsGlobal Director, Semantic Technology SolutionsDow Jones & [email protected]


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