use of the economic input-output life-cycle assessment (eiolca) website by chris hendrickson, h....
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Use of the Economic Input-Output Life-Cycle Assessment (eiolca)
Website
By Chris Hendrickson, H. Scott Matthews and Mike Griffin
Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15208, USA
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Some Sustainability Tools
• Triple bottom line assessments (multi-objective optimization)
• Life Cycle Assessment• Expand range of design alternatives (not
a tactic limited to sustainable infrastructure, of course…)– New technology (datalogger, new materials)– Alternative approaches (different modes)
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Some Other Common Tools
• Materials flow analysis• Appropriate boundary setting.• Risk and uncertainty analysis.• Life cycle cost analysis.• Design heuristics (reduce energy use,
eliminate waste material)
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www.eiolca.net Website Components
• Economic Input-Output Model of US Economy (~480 economic sectors)
• Impact Vectors: Air emissions, Energy use, Toxic emissions, Employment.
• 1992 and 1997 Benchmark models + annual models of US economy
• Tutorial on model use.• Forum for discussion.
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History of Website• Initial version on spreadsheet.• Moved to web for free public use in 2000
with 1992 Benchmark Input-Output Data.• Update to 1997 Benchmark in 2004.• Papers on input-output life cycle
assessment method and applications from 1992 on.
• Plan to update to 2002 Benchmark in 2007.
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Use of Website
• >1,000,000 uses of the model (over 10,000 per month).
• Education/research uses most frequent.• Numerous industrial and government
uses.• Numerous international uses.• ‘Hybrid applications’ with process models
and input-output model common.
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Most Popular SectorsSECTOR %
Motor Vehicles 5
Plastics 3
Dairy farm products 3
Blast furnaces 2
Electricity 2
Inorganic Chemicals 2
Computers 2
Household laundry 1
Asphalt paving 1
Glass containers 1
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Most Popular ImpactsIMPACT TABLE %
Default Summary 13
Conventional Air Pollutant Emissions 9
Fuels 9
RCRA Hazardous Waste 7
Toxics Releases by Sector 5
External Costs 4
Ores 3
OSHA Safety and Fatality 3
Fertilizers 3
Weighted Toxics Releases (CMU-ET) 3
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Book for Documentation in 2006• Theory.• Applications:
appliances, buildings, energy generation and transmission, logistics, motor vehicles, and services
• Extension to regional and safety impacts.
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Residential Life Cycle Energy
1509 1669
14493
4725
31
34
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
Standard Efficient
En
erg
y C
on
sum
pti
on
(G
J)
Demolition
Use
Fabrication
Source: Ochoa, Hendrickson, Matthews and Ries, 2005
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Motor Vehicle Energy Use
1053310800 95418
1100211
413337215160676
191432
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
Vehicle Life Cycle Stage
En
erg
y U
se (
MJ)
Suppliers
Industry/Vehicle
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Example: Power Tool Datalogger
Connectionto an LED fordata transmission
power supply
Connections to sensors
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Datalogger Triple Bottom Line• Permits profitable re-manufacturing to replace
loss making recycling.• Develops information on tool use.• Reduces material use overall.• Creates new low-cost tool option.• No privacy issues raised (unlike autos!)• Must balance cost (including environmental
cost) of datalogger versus benefits – return rate of used power tools is critical.
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Some Relevant On-going Green Design Inst. Research
• 2002 Benchmark Update.• Mixed unit input-output models: metal flows
and monetary transactions.• Regional Models.• Other national models with international trade
flows.• Construction, energy (especially electricity),
infrastructure and transportation alternatives life cycle assessment applications.
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Switchgrass (Cellulosic) Ethanol
Distribution of Consumer
Preferences
Compact Car
Sports Car
Light TruckHydrogen
Gasoline
EthanolBiomass
Oil
Tar Sands
Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Internal Combustion
Fuel Cell
DistributionPipelines
Manufacturing Use End of Life
Rail Shipping
ProcessingResource Use Transportation
Coal Electricity
Vehicles ConsumersEnginesFuelsResources
Infrastructure& Policy
Decisions in the Marketplace
Impact:Life Cycle Analysis
Policy
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Local Action: Carnegie Mellon
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Some Carnegie Mellon Projects (cont)
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Conclusions
• Making sustainability operational requires political will but also effective tools and technology.
• Triple bottom line assessment: economic, environmental, social
• Life cycle perspective essential• Challenges should not lead to paralysis.
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Some Resources
• Center for Sustainable Engineering (ASU, Carnegie Mellon, Texas): http://www.csengin.org/
• Carnegie Mellon Green Design Institute: www.gdi.ce.cmu.edu
• Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment: website at www.eiolca.net. Book: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods & Services: An Input-Output Approach, 2006.