1

USEMATERIALSSMARTER,LESSANDLONGER:TOWARDSENERGYTRANSITION

SpringtijAcademy,Groningen

December7,2018

Dr.PatriceChristmannkrysmine@gmail.com

‹N°›

•  Theworldisfacingaperiodofhugechange.Threemegatrends(Urbanization,electrificationandboomingofthemiddleclass)willhavehugeimpactsontheglobalandlocalecosystemsaswellasontheeconomicsofmaterials:

•  34,000passengeraircraftsmaybeneededby2036:40%replacementand60%growth

•  Electricvehiclesmayaccountfor54%ofnewcarsalesin2040•  Shipmentsforsmartphonesareexpectedtoreach1,9billionunitsin2018:10foldthenumberachievedin2009

•  Thatcouldputtheresourcesofourplanetunderincrediblepressure.TemporaryorlongtermbottlenecksofcriticalmaterialssuchasCobalt,Copper,LithiumorNickelmayoccur.

•  Theworld’sresourcesglutisonatrajectoryleadingtounsustainablesituations,includingonwastemanagementandlandfilldisposal

2

Facing A World Challenge

2

Facing A World Challenge: key drivers for the 21st Century

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

9000000

10000000

2000 2015 2030 2050

Thou

sand

spersons

Population Middle-Class Urbanisation

?

Datasources:UNPopulationDivision;KharasH.-2017-Theunprecedentedexplosionoftheglobal-middleclass-Anupdate-BrookingsInstitute,GlobalEconomy&DevelopmentWorkingPaper100

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Grow

thfactor-

Base=1in201

3

Aluminium Cement Chromium Copper Lead Manganese

Nickel Phosphate PigIron Potash Zinc

Cement

Al

Potash

CrPhosphate

Fe

Mn,ZnNiCuPb

Demandscenario2013-2050forinfrastructuremetalsandformineralsneededforfoodproductionSource:ChristmannP.2017-TowardsaMoreEquitableUseofMineralResources-NaturalResourcesResearch-Onlineedition:DOI:10.1007/s11053-017-9343-6

Facing A World Challenge

Some of the impacts of climate change mitigation strategies

WorldBankscenarioonthedemandformetalsrelatedtorenewableenergyproduction,storageanddistributionupto2050.Source:ArrobasD.L.P.,HundK.L.,Lori,MccormickM.S.,Ningthoujam,J.,Drexhage,J.R.-2017-TheGrowingRoleofMineralsforaLowCarbonFuture-WorldBank

5

•  Decoupleeconomicgrowthandmaterialsconsumptionwhilecreatingvalueforourindustries

•  Changemindsetsandbehaviorsinordertousematerialssmarter,lessandlonger

•  IndustryLeaders(MNCs,SMEsandStartUps),Politicalleaders(Internationalorganizations,NationsandBigCities)andKeyOpinionLeaders(academia,experts,media,NGOs).

•  Speakwithfactsandfigures,usecollectiveintelligencefromacademia,industry,policymakersandresearchtodevelopactionablerecommendationsandsharesolutionsthroughourglobal&digitalnetworkinordertospeedupimplementation.

Promoting A Global Answer

6

Done:•  4editionssince2015,50plenarysessionsandworkshopsand1000participantsfrom30countries(60

CEOS&280•  ComexofMNCs,130CEOsofStart-ups,170PublicInstitutions,260Academia&experts)Thepartners:•  14CEOsofMNCsfromallpartsoftheworld(2US,1Japan,1Canada,1Vietnam,1UK,1Belgium,1

Norway,1Germany,5France),3Publicentities(1EEC,1National,1BigCity)and9KeyOpinionleaders(4consultingfirms,

•  3universities,1mediaand1blog)Theoutcome:•  Since2015:theWMFCriticalityAssessment-ayearlysurveyoncriticalmaterialsfuturesupply/demand

sharedbytoplevelexperts&industryleaders•  Since2016:theWMF“smarter,lessandlonger”toolkit(KPIssharedbyallindustrysectors)•  Since2017:theWMFStartUpChallenge•  Since2018:theWMFMonthlyNewsletter•  Throughout:numerousfieldprojectsinmaterialsscience,supplychainanddigitaltechnologies

The World Materials Forum

7

A 2018 outcome

8

The « smarter, less and longer » toolkit

9

•  Addingoperabilityandreparabilityontopofweightintoaircraftdesignobjectives:only0,8%A350flightssuffertechnicaldelaysabove15mnsonlyoneyearafteraircraftlaunch(WMFKPI:OverallProductUsage)

•  SwitchingfromTitaniumtoHEXCELthermosetcompositematerialonsomeA350fuselagedoorframewithmorethan20%improvementofmechanicalperformancetoweight.FuturedevelopmentareunderwaywithsuppliersofthermoplasticcompositessuchasARKEMA&SOLVAY(WMFKPI:ProductPerformancevsWeight)

•  Developingcloselooprecycling:withCONSTELLIUMAluminiumLithium,75%rawmaterialvolumeiscollectedafterdownstreamprocessingandreinjectedwithintheupstreamcastingprocess(WMFKPI:%ofrecycledmaterialsintonewproduct)

•  Fromsubstractivetoadditivemanufacturing:thefirstprototypeofALM/3Dpart(A320NeoPylonbracket)hasbeenjustbeenfabricatedatGKNwith54%weightsaving(WMFKPI:BuytoUse).

•  Reuseofequipment:AirbushasestablishedajointbusinesswithSUEZ&SAFRANinordertoreuse500to1500suchequipment(fromservovalvetoengine)perdecommissionedaircraft(WMFKPI:ProductLifetime)

Example of “smarter, less and longer”: Airbus

10

Theidea:•  Identifybreakthroughideasthatmeetthetriplewinofmeetingtheneedsinmaterialsrequiredbyourcitizens,ensuringprofitabilityofourindustriesandusingmaterialssmarter,lessandlonger.

Thejury:•  AcombinationofWMFSteeringCommittee,Industryrepresentatives(CGG,FPT,RioTinto,Total),academia/research(Berkeley,MinesParisTech,SpécialChem,Stanford,UCSanDiego).

Thenextsteps:•  OrganizeayearlyeditionandcreateacommunityofWMFstartuppersinordertospeedup,communicateand

•  celebrateonsuccessesinusingmaterialssmarter,lessandlonger.

The Start Up Challenge

11

CITRINE(RedwoodCity,California),GRANDPRIX2017:Artificialandpredictiveintelligencetechnology,whichenablea2-5xaccelerationofthematerialsdevelopmentprocessforalltypesofmaterials.CUBERG(Berkeley,California),GRANDPRIX2018:Non-flammableandthermallystableliquidelectrolytethatresultsinhighenergydensity&verysafemetal/lithiumrechargeablebatteries.SEPION(Berkeley,California),CoupdeCoeur2017:Longerlastingionlithiumbatteries(600kms)atfairpricethankstonewmembranetechnology&nomorecrossoverofundesirableionsacrossbatteryseparator.POLYSTYVERT(Montréal,Canada),CoupdeCoeur2018:Recycledpolystyrenewiththepropertiesofvirginmaterialsthankstoabilitytoseparatedissolvedpolystyrenefromthesolvent+IndepthpurificationprocesstoupcycleKEEY(Mulhouse,France),ParticipantsAward2017:HighvaluevalorizationofsilicacontainingConstructionandDemolitionWasteforenergy-efficientbuildingsconstructionandrefurbishment,bytheirintegrationasaerogelmaterialswithonly15%ofthethicknessrequiredforthesamethermalinsulationfactor.SMALLMATEK(Aveiro,Portugal),EITAward2018:Chromiumfreemetalcorrosionprotectiontechnologythatgreatlyincreasesmetalcorrosionresistancewhilerequiringlowerconsumptionofadditivesthankstoencapsulatednanostructuredcorrosioninhibitorsintocoatings.

The 6 awards in 2017/2018

12

•  Talcfilledpolyolefinsthatallowforselfrepairingscratchesvehicleinteriorsurfacesthanksto(SpecialChem)–UseLonger

•  Betterknowledgeofactualuseofcars:15/20%functionalitiesreductioninnewPSAmodels-UseLess

•  LightweightingANDrecyclingoffshorewindturbineblades(Arkema)–UseLess

•  Materialsformedfrombothinorganicandorganiccomponentsengineeredandfabricatedatmoleculardimensions(Stanford)–UseSmarter

•  Hafnium«the»Frenchcriticalmaterialforavarietyofapplicationsinthefieldofelectronicsandaeronautics(CEALeti/Areva)–UseSmarter

•  Additivemanufacturingforpolymers,metalsandceramics(Carbon3D,EOS)–UseLess

•  DigitalflightmapsforAmericanAirlinespilots:from70poundspaperto1.5poundofIpad-UseLess

Some WMF Field projects

13

Promotemeaningfullabelsasavirtuousmarketingtool• AvoidLCA«paralysisbyanalysis»• Keyforconstruction,consumergoods,recyclingFacilitatethedevelopment,harmonizationandsimplificationofvoluntarynormsandstandards• NandStobedevelopedforsecondarymaterials• NandStobesimplified–4200EUstandards!Championminimalandeffectiveregulationsthatsecureconsumerprotectionandbalanceeconomicvalue

Norms, standards, regulations and labels

14

Aglobalnetworkofstakeholderscommittedto:•  speakwithrealfactsandfigures• developrecommendationsandsolutions•  changemindsetsandbehaviorsInordertoUseMaterialsSmarter,LessandLongerWHATDOYOUTHINK?

WMF in a nutshell

15

16