USE & ABUSE OF DRUGS

DONE BY: SHAIBAN IBRAHIM 9S-1

WHAT IS A DRUG ?

a substance used in the prevention, cure, or alleviation of disease

or pain or as an aid in some diagnostic procedures.

TYPES OF DRUGS

Most psychoactive drugs fall into the categories of : Stimulants Depressants Opiates Hallucinogens

STIMULANTS

Stimulants act on the central nervous system and are associated with feelings of extreme well-being, increased mental and motor activity. Examples include cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamines (speed) and ecstasy (which is also a hallucinogen).

DEPRESSANTS

Depressants are chemicals that slow down the central nervous system and suppress brain activity causing relief from anxiety. The most common depressants are alcohol and cannabis. Others include barbiturates and benzodiazepines (e.g. vallium, temazepam). 

OPIATES

Opiate drugs provide pain relief, euphoria, sedation and in increasing doses induce coma.

Examples include: heroin, morphine, opium, methadone, dipapanone and pethidine.

HALLUCINOGENS

Hallucinogens cause changes in a person's perception of reality. These include cannabis, LSD, ecstasy and psilocybin (magic mushrooms).

DRUG ABUSE

An excessive or improper use of drugs, especially through self-administration for nonmedical purposes.

REACTIONAL DRUGS:

Recreational drugs use is the use of psychoactive substances to have fun, for the experience, or to enhance an already positive experience. National laws prohibit the use of many different recreational drugs and medicinal drugs that have the potential for recreational use are heavily regulated. Many other recreational drugs on the other hand are legal, widely culturally accepted, and at the most have an age restriction on using and/or purchasing them.

HEROIN

Heroin is an opioid drug that is synthesized from morphine, a naturally occurring substance that is extracted from the seed of the Asian poppy plant. Heroin usually appears as a white or brown powder or as a black sticky substance, known as “black tar heroin.”

The scientific name for heroin is diacetylmorphine.

EFFECTS OF HEROIN

• After an intravenous injection of heroin, users report feeling a surge of euphoria (a “rush”) accompanied by a dry mouth, hot flushes, heaviness of the hands and feet, and clouded mental functioning. Following this initial euphoria, the user alternates between a wakeful and drowsy state.

• Heroin has a rapid effect, beginning with euphoria and feelings of peace and contentment. It makes the user indifferent to hunger and sexual urges, and masks all inhibitions, fears and remorse - shielding the user from his or her immediate environment, both internal and external. This makes heroin one of the most addictive of all the illicit drugs.

SHORT TERM EFFECT OF HEROIN

"Rush"

Depressed respiration

Clouded mental functioning

Nausea and vomiting

Suppression of pain

LONG TERM EFFECT OF HEROIN

ALCOHOL

a colourless volatile flammable liquid which is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks, and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel.

"it is an offence to drive if you have more than 80 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood"

HEALTH RISKS OF ALCOHOL

Chronic Liver Disease

Infertility

Cancer

Anxiety & Depression

Withdrawal Symptoms

Memory Blackouts

Alcoholic Brain Damage

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Etc….

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

Slurred speech

Drowsiness

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Upset stomach

Headaches

Breathing difficulties 

Distorted vision and hearing 

Impaired judgment

Decreased perception and coordination 

Unconsciousness

Anemia (loss of red blood cells) 

Etc….

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

Unintentional injuries such as car crash, falls, burns, drowning

Intentional injuries such as firearm injuries, sexual assault, domestic violence

Increased on-the-job injuries and loss of productivity 

Increased family problems, broken relationships 

Alcohol poisoning

High blood pressure, stroke, and other heart-related diseases 

Liver disease 

Nerve damage 

Sexual problems 

Permanent damage to the brain 

Vitamin B1 deficiency, which can lead to a disorder characterized by amnesia, apathy and disorientation

Ulcers 

Gastritis (inflammation of stomach walls) 

Malnutrition

Cancer of the mouth and throat

TOBACCO SMOKING

taking tobacco smoke into the mouth, and then releasing it, as is done by some with tobacco pipes and cigars

EFFECTS OF TOBACCO SMOKING

Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death

Smoking causes lung cancer and lung diseases including COPD, emphysema, bronchitis, and chronic airway obstruction

SMOKING ALSO CAUSE THE FOLLOWING CANCER:

Acute myeloid leukemia

Bladder cancer

Cancer of the cervix

Cancer of the esophagus

Kidney cancer

Cancer of the larynx (voice box)

Lung cancer

Cancer of the oral cavity (mouth)

Cancer of the pharynx (throat)

Stomach cancer

Cancer of the uterus

THANK YOU