usaid leaf regional climate change curriculum development module: basic climate change (bcc) section...
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USAID LEAF Regional Climate Change Curriculum DevelopmentModule: Basic Climate Change (BCC)
Section 3. Responses and adaptation to climate change3.6. Introduction to REDD+
Basi
c Cl
imat
e Ch
ange
(BCC
) Mod
ule
Team
Acknowledgements
I. HOW AND WHY THE CLIMATE IS CHANGING1.1. Introduction to Climate Science and Climate Change1.2. The Causes of Climate Change1.3. Climate Intensification: Floods and Droughts1.4. Climate Modeling
II. THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PEOPLE AND THE ENVIRONMENT2.1. Introduction to Climate Change Impacts2.2. Sea Level Rise2.3. Climate Change and Water Resources: Effects2.4. Climate Change and Food Security2.5. Climate Change and Human Health2.6. Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems
III. REPONSES AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE3.1. Climate Change and Forest Management3.2. Climate Change and Water Resources: Response and Adaptation3.3. Principles and Practice of Climate Vulnerability Assessment3.4. Dealing with Uncertainties in Climate Change3.5. Introduction to Ecosystem Services3.6. Introduction to REDD+3.7. Bioenergy and the Forest3.8. Communications and Engagement
IV. CURRICULUM MODUL RESOURCES AND TOOLS4.1. Curated Video Collection4.2. Literature – Annotated Bibliography4.3. Climate Change Glossary4.4. Reading and Video Assignments and Problem SetsBa
sic
Clim
ate
Chan
ge (B
CC)
At the end of this session, learners will be able to: Explain forest loss trends globally and how it contributes
to GHG emissions Explain REDD+ and how it addresses climate change
mitigation Describe the history of REDD+ and key definitions related
to its implementation
Learning Objectives
The role of forest lost in climate change Important definition REDD+ definition Principle implementation Benefits of REDD + Prospects
Outline
Assigned Lecture
http://www.fsl.orst.edu/fs-pnw/pep/carbon/tuttle-redd/
Questions about lecture
What does REDD+ mean?
Why is the forest sector important in emissions control?
What are the 3 main issue areas with REDD+
What are the primary drivers of deforestation in SE Asia? In the Amazon basin? What is the most basic reason that deforestation occurs?
Describe how forested countries transition over time in terms of deforestation and reforestation.
What is “business as usual”?
When and where was the global REDD+ agreement written and approved?
What is the starting point for REDD+ in a particular place?
What are the 3 “big lessons” so far in developing REDD+?
Are you hopeful that REDD+ will contribute a substantial long-term solution to global carbon emissions?
Cannot ignore the forestry sector, even though it is complex
IPCC ~ 17% of global GHG emissions2007
Fossil fuelsForests
12%
17%
Van der Werf et al. ~ 12% of global emissions2009
Nature Geoscience | VOL 2 | NOVEMBER 2009 | www.nature.com/naturegeoscience IPCC, 2007 Fourth Assessment Report
Global forest loss = Significant GHG emission source
The role of forest loss in climate change
What is the Problem?
FAO 2010
Annual change in Forest area by region 1990-2010
Accelerated Rate of Forest Loss Primarily in Developing Countries
“..Carbon stocks in forest biomass decreased ~ 0.5 Gt annually between 2005–2010, mainly because of reduction in global forest area…”
FAO Forest Resource Assessment 2010
REDD & REDD+ Carbon Pool PES Baseline & Reference line Leakage & Reverse Leakage Tropical deforestation & Degradation
Key Definitions
REDD: Reducing Emission from Deforestation and forest Degradation
REDD Plus: Sustainable management of forests, conservation of forest carbon stocks and enhancement of carbon stocks.
REDD & REDD+
Review: The global carbon cycle
Baseline & Reference line
Leakage & Reverse Leakage
Traditional development path:
Depletion of primary forests Later transition to second-growth management
STAGES OF TRANSITION
High Forest CoverLow
Deforestation
High Deforestation
Low Stabilized Forest Cover
Increasing Forest Cover
Developing Country
Understanding Deforestation: Forestland Transition
Forest Transition by Region
BRAZIL
INDONESIA, MALAYSIAUS, EUROPE
BRAZIL
INDONESIA, MALAYSIAUS, EUROPE
Why Focus on the Tropics Now?
Developing Countries
Tropical and Sub-Tropical Forests
Forest Transition by Region
BRAZIL
INDONESIA, MALAYSIAUS, EUROPE
Developing Countries
Tropical and Sub-Tropical Forests
Why Focus on the Tropics Now?
Developed CountriesTemperate Forests
Forest Transition by Region
Bring Forests into Conservation and Sustainable Management Earlier
BAU path
Alt. REDD paths
Developing Country
Goal of REDD+: Attenuate the Decline
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z4TIC1ObUI
(3:33 min video)
REDD+ defined
Prog
ress
of R
EDD
+
Source: National Forest Monitoring Systems: M&MRV in the context of REDD+ activities. 2013.
REDD+ “Rule Book”
Decisions adopted (UNFCCC, COP 19, Warsaw 2013)
Guidance for the technical assessment of reference levels (RLs)
Modalities for measurement, reporting and verification (MRV)
Drivers, safeguard national forest monitoring system Joint SBSTA/SBI process Result-based finance
UN-REDD WORLD BANK FCPF
REDD+ is Complex (1)
The idea of reducing deforestation in tropical countries was originally focused on reducing carbon emissions only
As the international negotiations have progressed, other social, environmental and sustainability goals have been added
Pilot REDD+ programs have been developed throughout the tropics to test different approaches and methods
REDD + NOW INCLUDESA full REDD-Plus Definition
“Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries”
2. Elements for developing countries to prepare:
A National Strategy or Action Plan
A Reference Emission Level (REL)
-at the National level (and at Subnational levels (states, provinces) as interim measures) to define historic and projected deforestation trends
MRV: Robust Monitoring, Reporting and Verification systems
A System for Tracking Social Safeguards:
Information on how the safeguards for people and livelihoods are being addressed and respected
REDD+ is Complex (2)
REDD + NOW INCLUDES (cont’d)The National strategy must address:
Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation
Land tenure issues: Carbon rights
Forest governance issues
Gender considerations
Ensuring the full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders including indigenous peoples and local communities…
Still Pending: Decisions on carbon markets and guidance
REDD+ is Complex (3)
Take advantage of indigenous knowledge
Ghost forest of Thai ethnic Indigenous cultivation method Agroforestry models
Class Exercise
Does your country need to apply REDD +? Why?
Why does REDD+ mechanism have a multil – approach?
What ways are necessary public support policies?
Benefits of REDD +
Mitigation Reducing greenhouse gas emissions Climate change Mitigation
Adaptation Sustainable forest management Biodiversity and provide ecosystem services Livelihood improve
How did REDD+ develop to get co-benefits?
Prospects for REDD +
Challenges Financial Who own carbon of forest? Livelihoods of indigenous and local people citizens who now
depend of the forest
Making REDD+ work
Solutions to make REDD+ work
Approach: Nested approach Landscape approach
Implement: Coordination mechanisms Co-benefits Technical Requirements Monitoring and maintenance Communication, Teaching,
Learning…
Ongoing (case study at Vinh university)
Applying the Project-based Learning to teach REDD+ in “Environment and human” subject
Class: 50 students Divide the class into 5 groups (10 person in each group) Assigning tasks: They have to conduct their topic on REDD +
that they had learnt, requiring with fact/local Time conducting: from January to May, 15th 2014.
Check with Dr. Vinh to see if there is outcome to report
References
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) decisions on REDD+
http://unfccc.int/methods/lulucf/items/6917.php
UN-REDD: http://www.un-redd.org/
WORLD BANK FOREST CARBON PARTNERSHIP FACILITY (FCPF): https://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/
WORLD WILDLIFE FUND:
What is REDD+: http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/forest_climate2/forests_and_climate_change/
Forest and Climate Negotiationshttp://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/forest_climate2/solutions/
1. Ecosystem Marketplace: Unpacking Warsaw – Parts 1,2,3:
http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/pages/dynamic/article.page.php?page_id=10095§ion=news_articles&eod=1
http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/pages/dynamic/article.page.php?page_id=10089§ion=home
http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/pages/dynamic/article.page.php?page_id=10094§ion=
home
Links below go directly to COP text:
“… The “Rulebook” is actually a collection of seven decisions that together provide guidance on how countries can harvest available data to create reliable snapshots of their forests over time and to use these snapshots to create deforestation reference levels that will be recognized by the UNFCCC.
The decisions govern, among other things, modalities for monitoring national forests, addressing the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, and measuring, reporting and verifying activities designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
References
WWF Forest and Climate Program summary:
Josefina Brana-Varela is the former REDD+ negotiator for Mexico and now forest and climate program director for R+ at WWF. She’s an excellent negotiator and reporter who understands the intricacies of negotiation dynamics.
See: http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/forest_climate2/solutions/
References
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/cop19/eng/05.pdf http://unfccc.int/files/documentation/submissions_from_parties/
adp/application/pdf/adp_cfrn_workstream_1_and_2_20130915.pdf
http://www.un-redd.org
Related resources
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