usaid africa bureau environment/natural resources sector overview for napfsc forum on forestry in...

USAID Africa BureauUSAID Africa BureauEnvironment/Natural Resources Environment/Natural Resources

Sector Overview Sector Overview

For NAPFSCFor NAPFSC

Forum on Forestry in AfricaForum on Forestry in Africa

February 24, 2003February 24, 2003

USAID Bureau for AfricaUSAID Bureau for Africa

Office of Sustainable DevelopmentOffice of Sustainable Development

Economic Growth, Environment and AgricultureEconomic Growth, Environment and Agriculture

(USAID/AFR/SD/EGEA)(USAID/AFR/SD/EGEA)

AFR/SD Environment and Natural Resources Sector OverviewAFR/SD Environment and Natural Resources Sector Overview

Presentation outlinePresentation outline

1.1. Overview of trends in Africa and Overview of trends in Africa and Africa Bureau programsAfrica Bureau programs

2.2. Water Initiative and activities in AfricaWater Initiative and activities in Africa

3.3. Accomplishments and future directions Accomplishments and future directions of Africa Bureau programsof Africa Bureau programs

4.4. Challenges and opportunitiesChallenges and opportunities


Guiding principle for E/NRM programs: Guiding principle for E/NRM programs: environment, wealth, and rights environment, wealth, and rights

are connectedare connected Rural Africa suffers from pervasive poverty, rural Rural Africa suffers from pervasive poverty, rural

disenfranchisement and natural resource disenfranchisement and natural resource mismanagementmismanagement

NR = sources of wealth, power and patronageNR = sources of wealth, power and patronage Factors to consider in E/NRM programming:Factors to consider in E/NRM programming:

- Environmental – conservation of biodiversity, clean water, soil and water conservation

- Economic – revenues from wildlife, non-wood products, entrance fees, eco-tourism

- Governance – rural democratic institution building, participation, demands for responsiveness and accountability, checks and balances, promoting transparency, mitigating conflict


Linkages: Natural Resources Linkages: Natural Resources Management (NRM) and Other SectorsManagement (NRM) and Other Sectors

Conflict Mgmt

Govern-ance

Biodiversity

Global ClimateChange

Economic Growth &

Agriculture

NRM


AFR/SD’s E/NRMAFR/SD’s E/NRMprograms: SO17 and SO23programs: SO17 and SO23

SO17: SO17: Improved Environment and Improved Environment and Naturals Resource Naturals Resource Management SystemsManagement Systems

SO23: SO23: Environmental Assessment for Environmental Assessment for Sounder Development Sounder Development Programs (includes compliance Programs (includes compliance with environmental regulations)with environmental regulations)


SO17: Improved Environment and SO17: Improved Environment and Natural Resource Mgmt SystemsNatural Resource Mgmt Systems

Program overview:Program overview:

1.1. Mission supportMission support

2.2. Improving communications between E/NRM Improving communications between E/NRM institutionsinstitutions

3.3. Building African analytical capacity in E/NRMBuilding African analytical capacity in E/NRM

4.4. Fostering environmental advocacyFostering environmental advocacy

SO17SO17


1. Mission/Bureau support1. Mission/Bureau support

Numerous country visits (most to assist field Numerous country visits (most to assist field missions in strategic planning, M&E, and missions in strategic planning, M&E, and assessments)assessments)

Regular backstopping in WashingtonRegular backstopping in Washington Organization of the Biodiversity Collaborative Organization of the Biodiversity Collaborative

Group (ABCG)Group (ABCG) Review of Environment SOsReview of Environment SOs Soil Fertility InitiativeSoil Fertility Initiative Global Climate ChangeGlobal Climate Change

SO17SO17


2. Improving communications2. Improving communications

FRAME Web site and CDFRAME Web site and CD NRM Tracker – sharing successesNRM Tracker – sharing successes AFRICAlinkAFRICAlink

SO17SO17


3. Building analytical capacity3. Building analytical capacity

Environmental Trends AnalysisEnvironmental Trends Analysis Urbanization and Environment in AfricaUrbanization and Environment in Africa Netweaver – decision-support toolNetweaver – decision-support tool Role of NRM in intensified agricultureRole of NRM in intensified agriculture NRM’s linkages to other sectorsNRM’s linkages to other sectors

(continued...)(continued...)

SO17SO17


3. Building analytical capacity 3. Building analytical capacity (continued...)(continued...)

Normalized-Digitized Vegetative Index (NDVI) Normalized-Digitized Vegetative Index (NDVI) Web-hosted GIS – access to maps and dataWeb-hosted GIS – access to maps and data Soil Carbon Sequestration VerificationSoil Carbon Sequestration Verification NRM and Fertilizer-Use Efficiency (FUE)NRM and Fertilizer-Use Efficiency (FUE) EIS-Africa (Env Info Systems)EIS-Africa (Env Info Systems)

SO17SO17


4. Fostering environmental advocacy4. Fostering environmental advocacy

SO17SO17

Policy and governance activities to foster better Policy and governance activities to foster better links between democracy, the environment, and links between democracy, the environment, and the development of NRM policies. For example:the development of NRM policies. For example:

FRAME Contact Groups support advocacy FRAME Contact Groups support advocacy efforts of African expertsefforts of African experts EIS-Africa encourages open access to EIS-Africa encourages open access to environmental informationenvironmental information CBNRM activities strengthen community-CBNRM activities strengthen community-based organizationsbased organizations


SO23:Environmental Assessment SO23:Environmental Assessment for Sounder Development Programsfor Sounder Development Programs

Program overview:Program overview:1.1. Environmental procedures oversightEnvironmental procedures oversight2.2. Analytical processes to promote Analytical processes to promote

environmentally sound development environmentally sound development programmingprogramming

3.3. Capacity building in EIA and environmentally Capacity building in EIA and environmentally sound designsound design

4.4. Monitoring and mitigation frameworksMonitoring and mitigation frameworks

SO23SO23


1. Environmental procedures 1. Environmental procedures oversightoversight

40-60 activity-level environmental reviews 40-60 activity-level environmental reviews (IEE’s) per year, by mission and implementing (IEE’s) per year, by mission and implementing partner staff; 2-3 EA’s or PEA’s; 2-3 country-partner staff; 2-3 EA’s or PEA’s; 2-3 country-level environmental assessmentslevel environmental assessments

BEO works with REOs and MEOs to guide BEO works with REOs and MEOs to guide environmental reviews (including assistance via environmental reviews (including assistance via TDYs), and approves final documentsTDYs), and approves final documents

Pesticide use is area of most frequent concern, Pesticide use is area of most frequent concern, including ag and health (e.g. bednets)including ag and health (e.g. bednets)

SO23SO23


ENCAP EIA training ENCAP EIA training program, best practices program, best practices guidelines, website, CDguidelines, website, CD

BEO Actions Tracker BEO Actions Tracker website and CD – access website and CD – access to all AFR env reviewsto all AFR env reviews

2. Capacity building for EIA and 2. Capacity building for EIA and environmentally sound program designenvironmentally sound program design

SO23SO23


3. Analytical processes for 3. Analytical processes for environmentally sound environmentally sound

development programmingdevelopment programming AFR/SD guidelines on best practices in AFR/SD guidelines on best practices in

environmental review and environmentally environmental review and environmentally sound design have been adopted throughout sound design have been adopted throughout USAID and are informing World Bank review USAID and are informing World Bank review of small scale activitiesof small scale activities

Emerging issues (from missions and Emerging issues (from missions and implementing partners): cleaner production in implementing partners): cleaner production in small scale industry, GMO research, using small scale industry, GMO research, using EIA to reduce HIV/AIDS risks, fumigation of EIA to reduce HIV/AIDS risks, fumigation of stored food commodities stored food commodities

SO23SO23


4. Monitoring and mitigation 4. Monitoring and mitigation frameworksframeworks

Goal of this focus area is to promote the Goal of this focus area is to promote the consideration of environmental soundness consideration of environmental soundness principles in the design of USAID programs principles in the design of USAID programs

Previously: Previously: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation and Mitigation Plans (EMEMP)Evaluation and Mitigation Plans (EMEMP) were were developed for pilot countries – too burdensomedeveloped for pilot countries – too burdensome

Strategic Environmental Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment and Monitoring (SEAM)Monitoring (SEAM) is current proposed is current proposed approachapproach

SO23SO23


Presentation outlinePresentation outline

1.1. Overview of trends in Africa and Africa Overview of trends in Africa and Africa Bureau programsBureau programs

2.2. Water Initiative and activities in AfricaWater Initiative and activities in Africa

3.3. Accomplishments and future directions of Accomplishments and future directions of Africa Bureau programsAfrica Bureau programs

4.4. Challenges and opportunitiesChallenges and opportunities


Water InitiativeWater InitiativeWater: Critical to Millennium Development GoalsWater: Critical to Millennium Development Goals

Water Initiative objectives:Water Initiative objectives: Increasing Increasing access to clean water and access to clean water and

sanitationsanitation Improving Improving watershed managementwatershed management Increasing the Increasing the productivity of water useproductivity of water use

UN’s Millennium Development Goal (MDG): reduce by UN’s Millennium Development Goal (MDG): reduce by half the proportion of people living without sustainable half the proportion of people living without sustainable access to safe drinking water by the year 2015.access to safe drinking water by the year 2015.


Increasing Access to Increasing Access to Clean Water and Sanitation ServicesClean Water and Sanitation Services

Concentrating in countries where water authorities are Concentrating in countries where water authorities are undertaking reforms to allow viable partnerships undertaking reforms to allow viable partnerships between local governments, water utilities, the private between local governments, water utilities, the private sector, NGOs, communities and families. sector, NGOs, communities and families.

Two highlights:Two highlights: Rural Water Partnership: Rural Water Partnership: West Africa Water West Africa Water

Initiative (WAWI)Initiative (WAWI) Urban Water PartnershipUrban Water Partnership


Rural Water Partnership:Rural Water Partnership: West Africa Water Initiative (WAWI)West Africa Water Initiative (WAWI)

Launched by new alliance of 10 organizationsLaunched by new alliance of 10 organizations Investing in small-scale potable water supply, Investing in small-scale potable water supply,

sanitation, hygiene, and water management sanitation, hygiene, and water management activities in rural West Africaactivities in rural West Africa

USG grants of $4.4 million to complement USG grants of $4.4 million to complement over $36 million in resources from private over $36 million in resources from private foundations and industry groupsfoundations and industry groups


Urban Water PartnershipUrban Water Partnership

Supplies clean water to urban slum dwellers Supplies clean water to urban slum dwellers Helps water authorities implement public-Helps water authorities implement public-

private partnerships to extend water lines, private partnerships to extend water lines, standpipes and sewers into slum areas standpipes and sewers into slum areas

Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council (GJMC)(GJMC)


Improving Watershed Improving Watershed

ManagementManagement

Over the next three years, USAID will work on Over the next three years, USAID will work on integrating surface water, aquifer, and coastal integrating surface water, aquifer, and coastal zone management. USAID promotes productive zone management. USAID promotes productive watershed management partnerships through watershed management partnerships through such activities as:such activities as:Guinea Forest Co-Management ProjectGuinea Forest Co-Management ProjectNile Basin InitiativeNile Basin Initiative


SO17 accomplishments and future SO17 accomplishments and future directionsdirections

1.1. Mission supportMission support

2.2. Improved communications Improved communications

3.3. Building analytical capacityBuilding analytical capacity

4.4. Environmental advocacyEnvironmental advocacy

SO17SO17


SO23 accomplishments and future SO23 accomplishments and future directionsdirections

1.1. Environmental procedures oversightEnvironmental procedures oversight

2.2. Analytical processes for Analytical processes for environmentally sound development environmentally sound development programmingprogramming

3.3. Capacity building for EIA and Capacity building for EIA and environmentally sound project designenvironmentally sound project design

4.4. Monitoring and mitigation frameworksMonitoring and mitigation frameworks

SO23SO23


Challenges and opportunities for Challenges and opportunities for Africa E/NRM programsAfrica E/NRM programs

Destruction of natural resources increasing in Destruction of natural resources increasing in AfricaAfrica

Importance of natural resources as the basis for Importance of natural resources as the basis for sustainable growth just being widely recognizedsustainable growth just being widely recognized

Need to take a long-term approach to E/NRM Need to take a long-term approach to E/NRM programsprograms

Need to provide assistance in formulating Need to provide assistance in formulating environmental policies and implementing environmental policies and implementing environmental regulationsenvironmental regulations

(continued...)(continued...)


Challenges and opportunities Challenges and opportunities (cont’d)(cont’d)

Decreased staffing in AfricaDecreased staffing in Africa Decreased funding and the number of Decreased funding and the number of

missions that have E/NRM programsmissions that have E/NRM programs Need to establish means for collaborating Need to establish means for collaborating

with Pillar Bureaus to assure that Mission and with Pillar Bureaus to assure that Mission and country needs are addressedcountry needs are addressed

Emphasis on Presidential Initiatives, but Emphasis on Presidential Initiatives, but presented in the context of the long-term presented in the context of the long-term program of AFR/SDprogram of AFR/SD

usaid africa bureau environment/natural resources sector overview for napfsc forum on forestry in...

Documents

improved environment

opportunitiesafrsd environment

conflictafrsd environment

connectedrural africa

environmental assessment

enrm programs

usaid bureau

governance activities