u.s. produce imports from...
TRANSCRIPT
U.S. Produce Imports from Mexico
Linda Calvin
USDA-Economic Research Service
Heather Stamps
U.C.-Davis
Immigration Reform: Implications forFarmers, Farm Workers, and Communities.
Washington, DC—May 8-9, 2008
U.S. imports of Mexican fruit and
vegetables (fresh and frozen)
1.2
0.7
3.2
1.8
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
Vegetables Fruit
1990
2007
Million mts
U.S. Department of Commerce
U.S. imports of Mexican fresh
vegetables, 2007
Tomatoes 31%
Peppers 19%Cucumbers 12%
Others 14 %
Broccoli/cauliflower 7%
Squash 7%
Asparagus 4%
Onions 6%
U.S. imports of Mexican fresh fruit,
2007
Avocados 26%
Strawberries 11 %
Melons 12 %Citrus 11%
Grapes 15 %
Mangoes 8%
Others 8%
Other berries 8%
U.S. tomato situation
Percent
-98998MX share of U.S.
imports
713420MX share of U.S.
consumption
170--Imports from Mexico
22--U.S. production
29--U.S. per capita
consumption
Change20071990
Technology:
U.S.-Canadian fresh tomato trade
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
U.S. exports to Canada
U.S. imports from Canada
1000 mts
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
Factors Affecting Trade
• Climate and biology
• Labor costs
• Phytosanitary barriers
• Food safety problems
Climate and biology
• Winter
Winter field tomato production areas
Climate and biology
• Winter
• Perennial crops
Western table grape production areas
U.S. shipments of grapes, 2007
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
ROW
Chile
Mexico
United States
100,000 lbs
Source: AMS, Market News
U.S.-Mexico trade in fresh grapes,
1990-2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
U.S. imports from Mexico
U.S. exports to Mexico
1000 mts
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
Climate and biology
• Winter
• Perennial crops
• Weather-induced shortages
U.S. lettuce production
U.S. imports of Mexican lettuce
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
2000
2007
2008
1000 mts
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
Labor costs
• Green onions
• Frozen broccoli
• Fresh asparagus
Green onion production
U.S. shipments of green onions
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
1980 1990 2000
Source: USDA, AMS
Mexico
United States
100,000 lbs
U.S. frozen broccoli supply,
1978-2007
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1980 1990 2000
Million lbs
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, ERS
United States
Mexico
Others
Broccoli imports, 2007
16 Guatemala
10 Ecuador
5 China
* Canada
68 Mexico
Import share:
87Import share of consumption
Frozen
Broccoli imports, 2007
16* Guatemala
10* Ecuador
50 China
*6 Canada
6894 Mexico
Import share:
8710Import share of consumption
FrozenFresh
U.S. supply of fresh asparagus,
1900-2007
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
United States
Mexico
Peru
U.S. asparagus imports from Mexico
and tariff rate for February-June
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Tariff rateImports (1000 mts)
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
Asparagus shipments, 1900 and 2007
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Jan Jul
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Jan Jul
Source: USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service
United
States
Mexico
Peru
Phytosanitary barriers
U.S. avocado imports, 1990-2006
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Chile
Mexico
Million lbs
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
Food Safety Problems:
U.S. imports of cantaloupe
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
1000 mts
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
Central America
Mexico
Outbreaks
Summary
• Imports of fruit and vegetables from Mexico
have increased
• Many factors affect trade levels
– Climate and biology
– Labor costs
– Phytosanitary barriers
– Food safety problems
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