U.S. MOBILIZES FOR WARU.S. MOBILIZES FOR WAR

The U.S. mobilized (moved) The U.S. mobilized (moved) towards the war effort. towards the war effort.

HOW DID THE U.S. PREPARE HOW DID THE U.S. PREPARE FOR WAR? FOR WAR?

RAISING AN ARMYRAISING AN ARMYU.S. NEEDED SOLDIERSU.S. NEEDED SOLDIERS

SELECTIVE SERVICE ACTSELECTIVE SERVICE ACT– Passed by CongressPassed by Congress– Known as the “DRAFT”Known as the “DRAFT”

Drafted all men between the ages of 21 – 30Drafted all men between the ages of 21 – 30

24 million were eligible24 million were eligible

3 million were selected by a lottery3 million were selected by a lottery

USED PROPAGANDA USED PROPAGANDA – 73,000 men enlisted 73,000 men enlisted

PRODUCING WEAPONS AND PRODUCING WEAPONS AND SUPPLIES FOR THE MILITARYSUPPLIES FOR THE MILITARY

CREATED A WARTIME INDUSTRYCREATED A WARTIME INDUSTRY– Industries changed from making Industries changed from making

consumer goods to making weapons consumer goods to making weapons and supplies for the military.and supplies for the military.

War Industries Board War Industries Board – Created by CongressCreated by Congress– It was set up to oversee the production It was set up to oversee the production

and distribution of goods manufactured and distribution of goods manufactured by the nation’s wartime industries.by the nation’s wartime industries.

WAR INDUSTRIES BOARDWAR INDUSTRIES BOARD

Government issued Military Contracts Government issued Military Contracts to industries.to industries.

Boosted industrial production by 20%Boosted industrial production by 20%

OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES REGULATED THE ECONOMYREGULATED THE ECONOMY

FUEL ADMINISTRATIONFUEL ADMINISTRATION– Watched over the use of coal, Watched over the use of coal,

gasoline an heating oil.gasoline an heating oil.

FOOD ADMINISTRATIONFOOD ADMINISTRATION– Established to increase the Established to increase the

production of food.production of food.– Encouraged people to conserve Encouraged people to conserve

food.food.Victory Gardens, Meatless Mondays, Victory Gardens, Meatless Mondays, Wheatless WednesdaysWheatless WednesdaysAmericans were able to send more food Americans were able to send more food to the Allies and feed our soldiers.to the Allies and feed our soldiers.

THE WAR ECONOMYTHE WAR ECONOMY

HOW DID THE GOVERNMENT RAISE HOW DID THE GOVERNMENT RAISE MONEY TO PAY FOR THE WAR?MONEY TO PAY FOR THE WAR?

Raised TaxesRaised Taxes

Sold War BondsSold War Bonds– Became known as “Liberty Bonds”Became known as “Liberty Bonds”– Raised more than $20 billionRaised more than $20 billion

(ECONOMY CONTINUED)(ECONOMY CONTINUED)WORKERS & WAGES DURING WORKERS & WAGES DURING

THE WARTHE WAR

National War Labor Board National War Labor Board – Created to settle labor disputesCreated to settle labor disputes– Supported:Supported:

Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining

Outlined Minimum Wages & Maximum HoursOutlined Minimum Wages & Maximum Hours

Equal Pay for WomenEqual Pay for Women

UNIONS DURING THE WARUNIONS DURING THE WAR

Went on Strike for better wages and Went on Strike for better wages and working conditionsworking conditions

Result:Result:– Employers had to give into demands Employers had to give into demands

because they were faced with meeting because they were faced with meeting their military quota.their military quota.

Filling military contracts was a priorityFilling military contracts was a priority

– Wages IncreasedWages Increased– Established an 8-hour WorkdayEstablished an 8-hour Workday

LABOR SHORTAGELABOR SHORTAGE

Employers turned to non-traditional Employers turned to non-traditional workersworkers– WomenWomen– African-AmericansAfrican-Americans

The Great MigrationThe Great Migration– African-Americans moved to northern cities to African-Americans moved to northern cities to

find jobsfind jobs

PROMOTING THE WARPROMOTING THE WARGAINING PUBLIC SUPPORT & PROMOTING GAINING PUBLIC SUPPORT & PROMOTING THE WAR TO THE PUBLIC WAS CRUCIALTHE WAR TO THE PUBLIC WAS CRUCIAL

Government created the COMMITTEE ON Government created the COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATIONPUBLIC INFORMATION– Chairman – George Creel – former Muckracker Chairman – George Creel – former Muckracker

journalistjournalist– Nation’s first Propaganda AgencyNation’s first Propaganda Agency– Artists, Advertisers, Posters, Cartoons, Parades, Artists, Advertisers, Posters, Cartoons, Parades,

“4-Minute Men” gave speeches anywhere, “4-Minute Men” gave speeches anywhere, anytime all to promote the war.anytime all to promote the war.

ANTI-GERMAN FEELING IN ANTI-GERMAN FEELING IN U.S.U.S.

Schools stopped teaching “German” Schools stopped teaching “German” as a foreign languageas a foreign language

German Names were changed:German Names were changed:““Sauerkraut” renamed “Liberty CabbageSauerkraut” renamed “Liberty Cabbage““Hamburger” renamed “ Liberty Sausage”Hamburger” renamed “ Liberty Sausage”

German Americans lost their jobs, German Americans lost their jobs, forced to recite the Pledge of forced to recite the Pledge of Allegiance, kiss U.S. flag, buy war Allegiance, kiss U.S. flag, buy war bondsbonds

PATRIOTISM IS PROMOTED PATRIOTISM IS PROMOTED IN U.S.IN U.S.

European Names were changed or European Names were changed or pronounced differently:pronounced differently:– ““French Fries” renamed “Victory Fries”French Fries” renamed “Victory Fries”– Town in Ohio “Russia” pronounced Town in Ohio “Russia” pronounced

“Roosia”“Roosia”

Patriotic SongsPatriotic Songs– ““Over There”Over There”

Patriotic MoviesPatriotic MoviesPatriotic PoemsPatriotic Poems

PATRIOTIC SONGSPATRIOTIC SONGSJOHN PHILIP SOUSA – BAND DIRECTORJOHN PHILIP SOUSA – BAND DIRECTOR– Joined the navy at age 62 – navy band Joined the navy at age 62 – navy band

members exceeded 300 – U.S. Marine Bandmembers exceeded 300 – U.S. Marine BandEntertained troops, assisted in Liberty Loan and Red Entertained troops, assisted in Liberty Loan and Red Cross drivesCross drives

– Wrote more marching songs than anyone in Wrote more marching songs than anyone in historyhistory

– 140 military marches, including:140 military marches, including:Semper Fidelis Semper Fidelis Marching SongMarching Song

– Motto of Marines since 1883 means “Always Faithful”Motto of Marines since 1883 means “Always Faithful”

The Stars and Stripes ForeverThe Stars and Stripes Forever

– Inspired feelings of patriotism that is still felt Inspired feelings of patriotism that is still felt today when his songs are played across the today when his songs are played across the country.country.

– Wrote the “Wedding March” which replaced Wrote the “Wedding March” which replaced music of German composers – still used todaymusic of German composers – still used today