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Page 1: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

US Imperialism

Page 2: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century
Page 3: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century
Page 4: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

When and why did American imperialism increase?

• Toward the end of the nineteenth century

Page 5: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

Reason #1: Industrial growth

• Enormous industrial growth after the Civil War• Industries need:a)New sources of raw materialsb)New markets for finished products• US exports had increased dramatically1870: $393 million1890: $858 million1900: $1.4 billion

Page 6: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

Reason #2: competition with European nations

• Europeans had built empires in Asia and Africa• U.S. did not want to be left behind in the race

for resources

Page 7: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

Reason #3: Turner Thesis• Frederick Jackson Turner

(1861-1932)• American historian who

proposed the Turner thesis in 1893

• Stated that American Frontier was gone

• America should look for new frontiers outside the U.S.

• Laid intellectual groundwork for a new kind of U.S. foreign policy

Page 8: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

Reason #4: Belief in cultural and religious superiority

• Continuation of Manifest Destiny; God’s plan• Our country, by Josiah Strong proclaims that

the Anglo-Saxon race should spread Christianity and government to others

Page 9: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

“It seems to me that God, with infinite wisdom andskill, is training the Anglo-Saxon race for an hour sure tocome in the world’s future…The unoccupied arable landsof the earth are limited, and will soon be taken… Thenwill the world enter upon a new stage of its history-thefinal competition of races, for which the Anglo-Saxon isschooled… Then this race of unequaled energy… willspread itself over the earth… and can anyone doubt thatthe result of this competition of races will be the ‘survivalof the fittest’?” __Rev. Josiah Strong

Page 10: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

Reason #5: Military Rationale

• Alfred Thayer Mayer wrote The Influence of Seapower Upon History (1890)

• He argues that all great powers have strong navies

• The US must build a powerful global navy to compete

• To do this, the US needed coaling stations around the world

Page 11: US Imperialism. When and why did American imperialism increase? Toward the end of the nineteenth century

US Builds a strong modern navy to expand its empire

• In 1889, US was 12th in the world navies• By 1900, US was 3rdNext the US turns its attention to replacing anaging imperial powerSpain controlled Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and

PhilippinesUS had a large interest in Cuban sugar


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