U.S. History U.S. History ReviewReview

A Quick Journey through A Quick Journey through TimeTime

How did our How did our

nation nation GGRROOWW ??

Back to the Back to the RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE

Europe came out of the Middle Ages Europe came out of the Middle Ages with the “re-birth” of learning…with the “re-birth” of learning…

The desire for Asian goods led to the The desire for Asian goods led to the Age of Discovery (necessitated Age of Discovery (necessitated developments in navigation)developments in navigation)

Exploration led to the “discovery” of Exploration led to the “discovery” of the New World – the Americasthe New World – the Americas

ColonizationColonization SpanishSpanish conquistadors, conquistadors, FrenchFrench explorers explorers

and and EnglishEnglish colonists dominated the colonists dominated the European interests in North America during European interests in North America during the 1500s and 1600sthe 1500s and 1600s

Eventually, the English established Eventually, the English established themselves on the east coast -- though the themselves on the east coast -- though the colonies were controlled by Great Britaincolonies were controlled by Great Britain

Dissatisfaction with this situation led to the Dissatisfaction with this situation led to the REVOLUTIONARY WAR and the American REVOLUTIONARY WAR and the American Colonies DECLARING their Colonies DECLARING their INDEPENDENCE from Great Britain in INDEPENDENCE from Great Britain in 1776 1776

A New NationA New Nation

The American Colonies needed a The American Colonies needed a governmentgovernment

The ARTICLES of CONFEDERATION The ARTICLES of CONFEDERATION served this purpose during the warserved this purpose during the war

They were not effective afterward – They were not effective afterward – No real central authority – states had No real central authority – states had

powerpower No power to tax - $ for militaryNo power to tax - $ for military No ability to regulate tradeNo ability to regulate trade

A New GovernmentA New Government

After the war, in 1787, a After the war, in 1787, a Constitutional Convention was Constitutional Convention was called to revise the Articles of called to revise the Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Instead, they drew up an entirely Instead, they drew up an entirely new document:new document:

The United States The United States CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION

The ConstitutionThe Constitution Ours is the longest Ours is the longest

living foundation for a living foundation for a national government national government in the world today!in the world today!

Federal systemFederal system Three branches of Three branches of

governmentgovernment Separation of Separation of

Powers/Checks & Powers/Checks & BalancesBalances

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

Manifest Destiny & Internal Manifest Destiny & Internal ConflictConflict As the nation grew, so did the idea As the nation grew, so did the idea

that America must span the that America must span the continent “from sea to shining sea” continent “from sea to shining sea”

Economic differences between the Economic differences between the Southern (agriculture-oriented/slave) Southern (agriculture-oriented/slave) states and the Northern (industry-states and the Northern (industry-oriented) states polarized the nation oriented) states polarized the nation and led to the CIVIL WAR (1861-and led to the CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)1865)

Reconstruction & Reconstruction & ChangeChange

Policy following the Civil War focused on Policy following the Civil War focused on the rights of former slaves and jump-the rights of former slaves and jump-starting the economy againstarting the economy again

INDUSTRIALIZATION in the INDUSTRIALIZATION in the Northeastern states led to Northeastern states led to URBANIZATIONURBANIZATION

Agriculture in the South and West Agriculture in the South and West declineddeclined

The POPULIST MOVEMENT focused on The POPULIST MOVEMENT focused on the rights of farmers while…the rights of farmers while…

Imperialism & WarImperialism & War

Expansion of America’s Expansion of America’s economy to other parts of economy to other parts of the world – overseas the world – overseas coloniescolonies

As we expanded our As we expanded our influence, we sought to influence, we sought to remain NEUTRAL remain NEUTRAL

Until we were drawn into Until we were drawn into the FIRST WORLD WAR the FIRST WORLD WAR (1917)(1917)

Post-war BoomPost-war Boom then… then… BUSTBUST!!

The Roaring Twenties/Jazz The Roaring Twenties/Jazz AgeAge 1919thth Amendment Amendment ProhibitionProhibition Flappers & SpeakeasiesFlappers & Speakeasies

Stock Market Crash (1929)Stock Market Crash (1929) SpeculationSpeculation Bank failures Bank failures

Great Depression (1930s)Great Depression (1930s) Dust BowlDust Bowl High unemploymentHigh unemployment

FDR’s New DealFDR’s New Deal

President Franklin D. Roosevelt President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced Government introduced Government Programs aimed at Programs aimed at ReliefRelief RecoveryRecovery ReformReform

No more “laissez-faire” No more “laissez-faire” capitalismcapitalism

Helped stimulate the economy Helped stimulate the economy some but…some but…

……more WARmore WAR

The American Great Depression The American Great Depression spread to Europe in the 1930s & led spread to Europe in the 1930s & led to the growth of fascist dictatorships to the growth of fascist dictatorships (Germany & Italy)(Germany & Italy)

World War II began in Europe in World War II began in Europe in 19391939

The U.S. entered the conflict after The U.S. entered the conflict after the bombing of Pearl Harbor the bombing of Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) in 1941(Hawaii) in 1941

World War IIWorld War II

The U.S. joined the war on The U.S. joined the war on the side of the ALLIED the side of the ALLIED POWERS POWERS Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance USSRUSSR

They fought against the AXIS They fought against the AXIS POWERSPOWERS Nazi GermanyNazi Germany ItalyItaly JapanJapan

America as a Super America as a Super PowerPower

WWII ended with the defeat of Nazi WWII ended with the defeat of Nazi Germany and the dropping of an Germany and the dropping of an atomic bomb on Japan in 1945atomic bomb on Japan in 1945

Conflicting political and social Conflicting political and social ideologies led to the division of ideologies led to the division of Europe following the warEurope following the war

While the U.S. helped France and While the U.S. helped France and Britain rebuild Western Europe, the Britain rebuild Western Europe, the USSR took control of Eastern Europe USSR took control of Eastern Europe

A Cold WarA Cold War

The Soviet Union (USSR) The Soviet Union (USSR) – a communist – a communist dictatorshipdictatorship

ANDAND The United States – a The United States – a

capitalist democracycapitalist democracy

Were at odds and entered a Were at odds and entered a nearly nearly

40-year conflict that 40-year conflict that polarized the worldpolarized the world

Containing CommunismContaining Communism

The Truman Doctrine (1947) The Truman Doctrine (1947) committed the U.S. to a fight against committed the U.S. to a fight against the spread of communism in the the spread of communism in the worldworld

This led to a stalemate war in Korea This led to a stalemate war in Korea (1950-53)(1950-53)

The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) and a “failure” in Vietnam (1964-and a “failure” in Vietnam (1964-

1973)1973)

On the Domestic Front On the Domestic Front in the 60sin the 60s

The U.S. experienced dramatic social The U.S. experienced dramatic social change during the Civil Rights change during the Civil Rights Movement led by Dr. Martin Luther Movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.King, Jr.

Brown vs. the Board of Education led Brown vs. the Board of Education led to integration in the schoolsto integration in the schools

The Hippie Movement & anti-The Hippie Movement & anti-Vietnam war slogans abounded & led Vietnam war slogans abounded & led to troop withdrawalto troop withdrawal

The 1970sThe 1970s

Watergate – Watergate – President President Nixon’s dilemmaNixon’s dilemma

AndAnd An economic An economic

recessionrecession

led to widespread led to widespread distrust of distrust of

the governmentthe government

The 1980s & The 1980s & ReaganomicsReaganomics

President Ronald President Ronald Reagan introduced an Reagan introduced an economic stimulus economic stimulus package (Supply-side package (Supply-side economics) that helped economics) that helped the U.S. economy growthe U.S. economy grow

The same policy The same policy dramatically increased dramatically increased the U.S. deficitthe U.S. deficit

The Fall of CommunismThe Fall of Communism

After years of military spending at After years of military spending at the expense of their citizens, the the expense of their citizens, the Soviet economy was nearing Soviet economy was nearing collapsecollapse

In 1989, following the overthrow of In 1989, following the overthrow of several communist regimes in several communist regimes in Eastern Europe, the Berlin Wall Eastern Europe, the Berlin Wall was openedwas opened

By 1990, the USSR had officially By 1990, the USSR had officially shifted gears and the Cold War was shifted gears and the Cold War was over!!!over!!!

The 1990s and a New The 1990s and a New MillenniumMillennium

Unfortunately, conflict in the world was NOT Unfortunately, conflict in the world was NOT over and the U.S. was now the lone Super over and the U.S. was now the lone Super PowerPower

Saddam Hussein’s aggressive takeover of Saddam Hussein’s aggressive takeover of Kuwait led to the short-lived, successful Gulf Kuwait led to the short-lived, successful Gulf WarWar

The Soviet retreat from Afghanistan left a The Soviet retreat from Afghanistan left a vacuum of power into which warlords rose vacuum of power into which warlords rose and sectarian violence grewand sectarian violence grew

U.S. involvement in the Middle East led to U.S. involvement in the Middle East led to terroristic acts – the worst of which was 9/11 terroristic acts – the worst of which was 9/11 – and the current war in Iraq– and the current war in Iraq