U.S. History EOCT test

U.S. History EOCT testUnit 9 Preparation

SSUSH 21SSUSH 21aDescribe the baby boom and the impact as shown by Levittown and the Interstate Highway Act.GI Bill changes societyServicemans readjustment ActGI stands for Government IssueGave returning veterans money to further their education, training, home loans and property and other benefits.This money resulted in a social revolution because common people could afford homes.Baby BoomBecause of the GI bill the nation experienced an increase in births which caused a population explosion.Baby boomers are members of the generation born within the first few years after World War II.The numbers of babies born in 40s and early 50s.

LevittownA developer like William Levitt became rich by building entire communities of homes. Levitt sold home quickly and cheaply because of the close proximity of the homes.Suburbs expanded because of the GI Bill and Levitts building strategy

Interstate Highway ActDwight Eisenhower supported the National Highway Act 1956Concern about a possible nuclear strike against the U.S.Highway system provided improved mobility for motorists and also caused expansion of the Suburbs.Improved military and troops to move quickly and meant people could evacuate much faster in the event of war.

National DefenseU.S. Military could mobilize faster in case of Invasion of U.S.People could evacuate areas under threat faster.

TransportationHelped those living in Suburbs travel to find work in the cities.

SSUSH 21bDescribe the impact television had on American Culture; including the presidential debates (Kennedy/Nixon, 1960) and news coverage of the Civil Rights Movement.Impact of Television on Civil Rights MovementRevolutionized media coverage.Televised coverage of the violence against African Americans won sympathizers to their cause.

Impact of Television on American CulturePeople could watch entertaining shows, news reports, advertisements, etc. from the comfort of their own homes.Television stars became nationally admired.Lucille Ball on the I Love Lucy show.

Impact of Television on American PoliticsPresidential Debates (Kennedy/Nixon, 1960)Kennedy looked younger, confident, good-looking and won the electionPoliticians had to worry about how they looked on screen

SSUSH 21cAnalyze the impact of technology on American life, include the development of the personal computer and the cellular telephone and the expanded use of air conditioning.Impact on American Life made by Personal Computer & Cell PhoneComputers made US business, making calculations, and transactions faster and business more efficient.Used to tally census in 1950Today found in many homes.Emails, websites, transfer data, receive information quickly.Cell phones also improved communication in the U.S.Revolutionary technology that affected communication in the U.S.

Eisenhowers response to Sputnik IOctober 4, 1957 the Soviets launched Sputnik 1 during the Cold War.Signaled a technology gap between the U.S. and the Soviet UnionOn July 29, 1958 the National Aeronautics Space Act created the Government Agency NASAIts goal was to Pioneer the future of space exploration, scientific discovery, and aeronautics research.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

SSUSH 22SSUSH 22aExplain the importance of President Trumans order to integrate the U.S. military and the federal government.Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal GovernmentTruman was disturbed by the violence against southern blacks and became a supporter of Civil Rights.Wanted to ensure voting rights and fair employment to African Americans.July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military

Executive Order 9980 & 9981EO 9980 Created the Fair Employment Board to eliminate racial discrimination in federal employment.EO 9981- established the Presidents Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services.

SSUSH 22bIdentify Jackie Robinson and the integration of baseball.Jackie RobinsonBorn Cairo, GAFirst African American during the Modern Era to play Baseball in the Major League.

SSUSH 22cExplain Brown v. Board of Education and efforts to resist the decision.Major Court casesPlessy v. FergusonEstablished the doctrine of Separate but Equal that allowed segregation.

Major Court CasesBrown v. Board of EducationEstablished that the policy of Separate but equal was unconstitutional.Overturned Plessy decision!

Little Rock, Arkansas - 1957Governor Orval FaubusCentral High SchoolRefused to allow African American students in.

Eisenhower & Little Rock, ArkansasPresident Eisenhower sent U.S. troops to Little Rock (Central High School) to enforce the law.

Alabama Governor George WallaceIn the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny, and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.

SSUSH 22dDescribe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail and his I Have a Dream speech.Letter from Birmingham JailFamous civil rights writing in which he addressed white preachers statements that mass protest and civil disobedience were not necessary and the courts should handle complaints.

Martin Luther King, Jr. I have a dream speechDelivered before the Lincoln Monument during 1963 March on Washington.200,000 civil rights activists were in attendance.Demanding equality for all Citizens.

African-American Civil Rights MovementBrown v. Board(1954)Overturned the Plessy case by declaring that segregated facilities were inherently unequal, and ordered the integration of the nation's public schools.Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat in the front of a Montgomery, Alabama, public bus for a white rider, leading African-Americans to boycott public bussing.Little Rock Crisis(1957)After schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, refused to admit African-Americans to all-white schools, President Eisenhower authorized the U.S. Army to escort and protect African-American students.University ofAlabama(1963)Governor George C. Wallace refused to allow African-American students to register for classes at the all-white University of Alabama. President Kennedy authorized the use of the National Guard to enforce educational integration.March on Washington(1963)Martin Luther King and his SCLC organized a massive demonstration in Washington, D.C., where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.SSUSH 22eDescribe the causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.African-American Civil Rights LawCivil RightsAct of 1964Provides criminal penalties for discrimination in employment or voting and integrates most public facilities.24thAmendment(1964)Banned the poll tax.Voting RightsAct of 1965 Banned literacy tests in counties where over half of eligible voters have been disenfranchised.SSUSH 23Civil Rights Act of 1964Voting Rights Act of 1965SSUSH 23aDescribe the Warren Court and the expansion of individual rights as seen in the Miranda decision.Miranda v. ArizonaEarl Warren Chief Justice1966Ernesto Miranda arrested and interrogated w/o lawyer present.Confessed to Kidnapping and RapeThe Court held that Mirandas 5th amendment protection against self incrimination and his 6th amendment right to counsel had been violated.Police officers must read to people arrested prior to questioning. You have the right to remain silentMiranda v. ArizonaExpanded the Rights of IndividualsSSUSH 23bDescribe the political impact of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy; include the impact on civil rights legislation.JFK Assassination - ImpactHelped President Lyndon Johnson push through civil rights legislationEconomic Opportunity Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964.

SSUSH 23cExplain Lyndon Johnsons Great Society; include the establishment of Medicare.Lyndon Baines JohnsonGreat Society ProgramLBJ's Great SocietyHead Start(1965)Provided poor, disabled, and minority kids with extra academic assistance through pre-school in order to ensure educational success. Job Corps(1966)Provided training for poor, minority inner-city youth in order to cultivate job skills. Medicare(1965)Extended Social Security benefits by providing health insurance for the elderly. Medicaid(1966)Provides health insurance for the poor and disabled. VISTA(1966)Volunteers In Service To America; Organized youth volunteers to work in economically depressed areas. SSUSH 23dDescribe the social and political turmoil of 1968, include the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, and the events surrounding the Democratic National Convention.1968Social and Political Turmoil.Defining Moment in the Modern Era of U.S. History.Tet OffensiveAssassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.Assassination of Robert F. KennedyRiots at the Democratic National Convention

MLK, Jr. Assassination Caused riots in over 100 cities across U.S.One Week after death, Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1968Prevented discrimination in housing.

RFK AssassinationKennedy desired social reforms such as Civil Rights.Opposed Vietnam War.Running for President when Killed.Disheartened many people that wanted civil Rights and an end to Vietnam war.

Democratic National ConventionPolice armed with clubs and tear gas violently beat antiwar protesters.Live on Television.

SSUSH 24SSUSH 24aCompare and contrast the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) tactics, include sit-ins, freedom rides, and changing composition.Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)Chose Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as its first president.Sought to unite leaders of the black community (particularly black ministers)Voter registration, EducationMontgomery Bus boycottMass protests public demonstrationsNon-Violent civil disobedience

Rosa ParksStudent Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)Students that devoted themselves to non-violent forms of Protest to demand civil rights for African Americans.Sit-ins: blacks sit in places until they were served or arrested.Eventually used violence and abandoned peaceful protest.

SSUSH 24bDescribe the National Organization of Women (NOW) and the origins and goals of the modern womens movement.Betty FriedanLed Womens liberation movement and claimed that women feeling fulfilled in the home was a myth.Organized interest group NOW to promote womens equalityWrote The Feminine Mystique

SSUSH 24cAnalyze the anti-Vietnam War movement.SSUSH 24dAnalyze Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers movement.United Farm Workers (UFW) & Cesar ChavezFounded in 1962By Cesar ChavezSupported rights for migrant farm workersConducted hunger strikesUsed nonviolent protest like MLK, Jr.Boycott California table grapes and led the 1970 labor agreement.

SSUSH 24eExplain the importance of Rachel Carsons Silent Spring and the resulting developments; include Earth Day, the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the modern environmental movement.

Rachel CarsonWrote Silent SpringBiologist, ecologist, WriterProtested the use of chemicals, Pesticides in the environment for farming, etc.Resulted in the Water Quality ActTriggered the Modern Environmental Movement

DDTAn insecticide (Pesticide) that Rachel Carson opposed using.Argued that it contaminated the water supply and harmed humans and other animals.

Earth DayA tradition established by activist John McConnell in 1969April 22 intended to inspire awareness and appreciation for the earths environment.Promotes recycling, clear air, and government regulationProtests against deterioration against the environment such as oil spills, raw sewage, toxic dumps, pesticides, etc.

EPA Environmental Protection AdministrationEstablished in 1970 by President Richard NixonFederal Agency with the purpose of enforcing laws aimed at maintaining a safe and clean environment.

SSUSH 24dDescribe the rise of the conservative movement as seen in the presidential candidacy of Barry Goldwater (1964) and the election of Richard M. Nixon (1968).Rise of Conservative MovementLiberals moved to: end segregation, establish stricter regulations, and finance the Great Society and increasing the role of government to enforce social activism.A Conservative movement began to advocate less government action, lower taxes, limit government power, protect personal freedoms, protect property rights, and limit government control over social issues.Barry GoldwaterSenator from ArizonaExtremely conservativeWon Republican Presidential Nomination in 1964 in the South

Richard NixonConservative Republican Candidate elected President in 1968Wanted to cut government programs, give more power back to states, and turn back the aggressive tide of Civil Rights