u.s. department of the interior u.s. geological survey global seismographic network m6 ... · 2015....

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ^ _ Saudi Arabia Iraq Iran Kuwait Qatar United Arab Emirates Bahrain Oman 1909 1968 1978 1979 1981 1997 1911 1923 1947 1956 1957 1958 1961 1962 1972 1977 1979 1981 1990 1998 1999 2002 2003 2010 Kermanshah Baghdad Esfahan Ahvaz Al Basrah Shiraz Kuwait Riyadh Persian Gulf Gulf of Hormuz Gulf of Oman 60° 60° 55° 55° 50° 50° 45° 35° 35° 30° 30° 25° # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # * # * ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ^ _ 2005 2011 2011 2002 2004 2003 2005 2006 2008 2010 Kazakhstan Georgia Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Armenia Azerbaijan Tajikistan Turkey Afghanistan Pakistan China Syria Lebanon Israel Saudi Arabia Iraq Iran Jordan Kuwait Qatar United Arab Emirates Eritrea Ethiopia Djibouti Somalia Russia India Cyprus Bahrain Oman Yemen Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Caspian Sea Red Sea 70° 70° 60° 60° 50° 50° 40° 40° 30° 40° 40° 30° 30° 20° M6.3 Southwest Iran Earthquake of 09 April 2013 0 250 500 125 Kilometers ^ _ Kazakhstan Georgia Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Armenia Azerbaijan Tajikistan Turkey Afghanistan Pakistan China Syria Lebanon Israel Saudi Arabia Iraq Egypt Iran Jordan Kuwait Qatar United Arab Emirates Eritrea Sudan Ethiopia Djibouti Somalia Russia India Cyprus Bahrain Oman Yemen 70° 70° 60° 60° 50° 50° 40° 40° 30° 30° 40° 40° 30° 30° 20° 20° 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 250 Kilometers Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic Network Tectonic Setting Seismic Hazard Epicentral Region TECTONIC SUMMARY The April 9, 2013 M6.3 earthquake in southern Iran occurred as result of northeast-southwest oriented thrust-type motion in the shallow crust of the Arabian plate. The depth and style of faulting in this event are consistent with shortening of the shallow Arabian crust within the Zagros Mountains in response to active convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. Because this event is an intraplate event, occurring almost 300 km south of the main plate boundary, and since the event likely did not break the surface, precise identification of the causative fault is difficult at this time. On a broad scale, the seismotectonics of southern Iran are controlled by active convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates. This motion manifests in two ways: subduction in the Makran which stretches from the mouth of the Persian Gulf eastward into Pakistan, and continental collision in the Zagros Mountains, which stretch from the Makran northward into Iraq and Turkey. The April 9 event occurred within the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt - the portion of the Zagros Mountains that border the north shore of the Persian Gulf. At the latitude of the event, convergence rates between Arabia and Eurasia are approximately 30 mm/yr. The Zagros Mountains experience high rates of seismicity, with thrust-type events similar to the April 9 earthquake and right- lateral strike slip events common. Recent thrust-type events as large as M6 have occurred south of the April 9 epicentral area in the Bandar-e-Abbas region. Highly damaging events such as the 2003 M6.6 Bam earthquake occurred outside of the Zagros Mountains, north of the Makran subduction zone, 660 km to the east of the April 9 event. While the Zagros region experiences high rates of seismicity, large (>M7) surface rupturing earthquakes here are rare. Over the past 40 years, 5 events of M6 or greater have occurred with 300 km of the April 9 earthquake. The closest was an M6.1 right-lateral strike slip event on March 1, 1994, which killed approximately 50 people. EXPLANATION ^ _ Main Shock Earthquake Magnitude ( 4.50 - 5.99 ( 6.00 - 6.99 ( 7.00 - 7.99 ( ≥ 8.00 Earthquake Depth (km) ! ( 0 - 69 ! ( 70 - 299 ! ( ≥ 300 # Subduction Transform Divergent Others Seismic hazard is expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA) on firm rock, in meters/sec², expected to be exceeded in a 50-yr period with a probability of 10 percent. EXPLANATION Main Shock Main Shock ^ _ Mag ≥ 6.0 ! ( 0 - 69 km ! ( 70 - 299 ! ( 300 - 600 Plate Boundary # Subduction Transform Divergent Others Volcanoes # * 0 500 1,000 1,500 250 Kilometers Significant Earthquakes Mag >= 6.5 Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag 1909 01 23 0248 33.000 53.000 0 7.0 1911 04 18 1814 32.000 56.000 50 6.7 1923 09 22 2047 29.120 56.928 35 6.9 1947 09 23 1228 33.000 59.000 0 6.8 1956 10 31 1403 27.283 54.405 35 6.8 1957 12 13 0145 34.278 47.712 35 6.8 1958 08 16 1913 34.259 47.869 35 6.7 1961 06 11 0510 27.865 54.558 35 6.8 1962 09 01 1920 35.556 49.810 17.6 6.9 1968 08 31 1047 34.045 58.960 12.3 7.2 1972 04 10 0206 28.408 52.789 6 6.9 1977 03 21 2118 27.608 56.358 35.6 6.7 1978 09 16 1535 33.268 57.387 15 7.4 1979 01 16 0950 33.901 59.471 8.6 6.5 1979 11 14 0221 33.959 59.723 8.9 6.6 1979 11 27 1710 34.059 59.757 8 7.1 1981 06 11 0724 29.858 57.686 14.3 6.6 1981 07 28 1722 29.964 57.766 13.8 7.3 1990 11 06 1845 28.266 55.484 11 6.6 1997 05 10 0757 33.833 59.796 12.8 7.2 1998 03 14 1940 30.167 57.606 9 6.6 1999 03 04 0538 28.306 57.232 23 6.6 2002 06 22 0258 35.626 49.047 10 6.5 2003 12 26 0156 28.995 58.311 10 6.6 2010 12 20 1841 28.400 59.169 12 6.7 Peak Ground Acceleration in m/sec**2 .2 .4 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 Epicentral Region ^ _ Epicentral Region DATA SOURCES EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) EHB catalog (Engdahl et al., 1998) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog, Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program PLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Ji, C., D.J. Wald, and D.V. Helmberger, Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake; Part I: Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Vol 92, No. 4. pp. 1192-1207, 2002. DeMets, C., Gordon, R.G., Argus, D.F., 2010. Geologically current plate motions, Geophys. J. Int. 181, 1-80. BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models DISCLAIMER Base map data, such as place names and political boundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore should not be regraded as having official signifiance. Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center 09 April 2013 http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ Map not approved for release by Director USGS REFERENCES Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027-80. Engdahl, E.R., and Villasenor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900-1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others, eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academic Press, 932 p. Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination;Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743. M6.3 Southwest Iran Earthquake of 09 April 2013 09 April 2013 11:52:50 UTC 28.5° N., 51.591° E. Depth 10 km Mw = 6.3 (USGS) EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP INDIA PLATE PAGER ShakeMap EURASIA PLATE ARABIA PLATE

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  • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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    KazakhstanGeorgia Kyrgyzstan

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    M6.3 Southwest Iran Earthquake of 09 April 2013

    KazakhstanGeorgia Kyrgyzstan

    Turkmenistan UzbekistanArmenia AzerbaijanTajikistanTurkey

    Afghanistan

    Pakistan

    China

    SyriaLebanon

    Israel

    SaudiArabia

    Iraq

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    Russia

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    Bahrain

    Oman

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    Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic Network

    Tectonic Setting

    Seismic Hazard

    Epicentral Region

    EXPLANATION_̂

    Earthquake Magnitude(

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    EXPLANATION_̂

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    Significant Earthquakes Mag >= 6.5Epicentral Region

    Epicentral Region

    DATA SOURCESEARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002)EHB catalog (Engdahl et al., 1998)HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog, Engdahl, 2003)Global Seismic Hazard Assessment ProgramPLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODELPB2002 (Bird, 2003)Ji, C., D.J. Wald, and D.V. Helmberger, Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake; Part I: Waveletdomain inversion theory and resolution analysis, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Vol 92, No. 4. pp. 1192-1207, 2002.DeMets, C., Gordon, R.G., Argus, D.F., 2010.Geologically current plate motions, Geophys. J. Int. 181, 1-80.BASE MAPNIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the WorldUSGS, EROS Data CenterNOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models

    DISCLAIMERBase map data, such as place names and political boundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore should not be regraded as having official signifiance.Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center09 April 2013http://earthquake.usgs.gov/Map not approved for release by Director USGS

    REFERENCESBird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027-80.Engdahl, E.R., and Villasenor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900-1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others, eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y.,Elsevier Academic Press, 932 p.Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P.,1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination;Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743.

    M6.3 Southwest Iran Earthquake of 09 April 2013 09 April 2013 11:52:50 UTC 28.5° N., 51.591° E.Depth 10 kmMw = 6.3 (USGS)

    EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP

    INDIA PLATE

    PAGER

    ShakeMap

    EURASIA PLATE

    ARABIA PLATE