urbanization in bangladesh

7/17/2019 Urbanization in Bangladesh

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URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESHURBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH

UUrbanization is an inevitable and unavoidable feature in te !ro"ess ofrbanization is an inevitable and unavoidable feature in te !ro"ess ofdevelo!#ent$ Urbanization is !ositivel% "orrelated &it te e"ono#i"develo!#ent$ Urbanization is !ositivel% "orrelated &it te e"ono#i"'ro&t of nations as also been rater obvious$'ro&t of nations as also been rater obvious$

Over ()* of GN+ of develo!in' "ountries is 'enerated b% to&ns andOver ()* of GN+ of develo!in' "ountries is 'enerated b% to&ns and

"ities ,UN-HS.$ Te fi'ure is li/el% to in"rease to t&o tird b% te"ities ,UN-HS.$ Te fi'ure is li/el% to in"rease to t&o tird b% teturn of te "entur%$turn of te "entur%$

Ban'lades even at te be'innin' of te t&ent% first "entur% re#ains aBan'lades even at te be'innin' of te t&ent% first "entur% re#ains a

rural "ountr% &it an e"ono#% &i" is !redo#inantl% a'rarian$rural "ountr% &it an e"ono#% &i" is !redo#inantl% a'rarian$

Over 0)* of te "ountr%1s labor for"es are dire"tl% or indire"tl%Over 0)* of te "ountr%1s labor for"es are dire"tl% or indire"tl%de!endent on a'ri"ulture &ile 2(* of te "ountr%1s !o!ulation stillde!endent on a'ri"ulture &ile 2(* of te "ountr%1s !o!ulation stilllive in offi"iall% defined rural areas ,BBS3 4556.$live in offi"iall% defined rural areas ,BBS3 4556.$



On te oter and te "ontributions of te rural non7far#On te oter and te "ontributions of te rural non7far#se"tor and te urban se"tor ave 'one u! sise"tor and te urban se"tor ave 'one u! si'

'nifi"antl%$ Tenifi"antl%$ Tei#!ortan"e of te urban se"tor !arti"ularl% as beeni#!ortan"e of te urban se"tor !arti"ularl% as beenre#ar/able$ It in"reased fro# a #ore 8($98* to 9($95*re#ar/able$ It in"reased fro# a #ore 8($98* to 9($95*

bet&een 452474528 and 4554758 at "onstant !ri"e$ bet&een 452474528 and 4554758 at "onstant !ri"e$

+er "a!ita in"o#e level in urban areas is #ore tan double+er "a!ita in"o#e level in urban areas is #ore tan doubleof tat of rural areas$of tat of rural areas$

Tere are obviousl% #an% !ositive benefits of urbanizationTere are obviousl% #an% !ositive benefits of urbanizationin all tese areas$ But tere are also "on"o#itant ne'ativein all tese areas$ But tere are also "on"o#itant ne'ative"onse:uen"es of urbanization altou' urbanization"onse:uen"es of urbanization altou' urbanization

"reates #ore e#!lo%#ent but all e#!lo%#ents are not"reates #ore e#!lo%#ent but all e#!lo%#ents are notso"iall% endorsable$so"iall% endorsable$

Te 'ro&t of urban !o!ulation in Ban'lades as been atTe 'ro&t of urban !o!ulation in Ban'lades as been at

te order of over of 0* annuall% sin"e 4504$te order of over of 0* annuall% sin"e 4504$



Table 1: Urbanization and Urban Growth in Bangladesh

Year

Level ofUrbanization

(%)Urban growth (%)

1981

15.1 10.3

1990 20.1 5.4

2000 2.5 4.8

2005 29.8 4.4

2010 33.3 4.0

2015 3.8 3.



U!"#$&#'$ #$ U!"#$ *!+',U!"#$&#'$ #$ U!"#$ *!+', Ban'lades is "ara"terized b% lo& level of urbanizationBan'lades is "ara"terized b% lo& level of urbanization

&it about 8)* of te nation;s !o!ulation livin' in te&it about 8)* of te nation;s !o!ulation livin' in te

urban areas in 45543 "o#!ared to te Asian avera'e ofurban areas in 45543 "o#!ared to te Asian avera'e ofover 9)*3 &i" o&ever as e<!erien"ed one of te #ostover 9)*3 &i" o&ever as e<!erien"ed one of te #ostra!id rates of 'ro&t durin' te last 9 de"ades$ Even &itra!id rates of 'ro&t durin' te last 9 de"ades$ Even &ita !ro=e"ted de"linin' trend te urban 'ro&t rate &oulda !ro=e"ted de"linin' trend te urban 'ro&t rate &ould

not be less tan >( until 8)4) or 9$0* until 8)4($not be less tan >( until 8)4) or 9$0* until 8)4($ -o/onent of Urban *rowth-o/onent of Urban *rowth Te ra!id Gro&t of urbanization in Ban'lades asTe ra!id Gro&t of urbanization in Ban'lades as

a!!ened due to nu#ber of fa"tors3 su" as?a!!ened due to nu#ber of fa"tors3 su" as? 4$ A i' natural in"rease of native urban !o!ulation@4$ A i' natural in"rease of native urban !o!ulation@ 8$ Te territorial e<tension of e<istin' urban areas3 and a8$ Te territorial e<tension of e<istin' urban areas3 and a

"an'e in definition of te urban areas@ and"an'e in definition of te urban areas@ and

9$ Rural to urban #i'ration$9$ Rural to urban #i'ration$



*rowth of Urban o/lation an the*rowth of Urban o/lation an the

tretreTable 2: National and Urban Population in Bangladesh 1901-2015

Year$ational o/lation (illion) Urban o/lation (illion)

190128.1 0.0

1951 44.1 1.83

194 3 .00

1990 113. 22.9

2000 141.1 3.3

2005 155.8 4.4

2010 10.5 5.8

2015 184. .9

Source: Bangladesh Population Census, 1997.



a"tors of i'ration?a"tors of i'ration? BothBoth rural pushrural push andand urban pullurban pull factors causedfactors causedlarge scale migration from the rural to urbanlarge scale migration from the rural to urban

areas. The larger metropolitan centers, moreareas. The larger metropolitan centers, more particularly Dhaka, have been the major particularly Dhaka, have been the majorattraction.attraction.

Rural poverty and landlessness are the majorRural poverty and landlessness are the majorfactors for the rural out migration. The ruralfactors for the rural out migration. The rural

push push becomes strong. Natural hazard like river becomes strong. Natural hazard like river bank erosion, cyclones, tornadoes, tidal surges, bank erosion, cyclones, tornadoes, tidal surges,droughts and floods are the triggering factors.droughts and floods are the triggering factors.

The urbanThe urban pull pull factors are the realfactors are the realopportunities for the employment, security,opportunities for the employment, security,education and other social development in urbaneducation and other social development in urban

areas. arriage of rural !omen to rural urbanareas. arriage of rural !omen to rural urban migrants is yet another major pull factor. migrants is yet another major pull factor.

" high proportion of migrants to major cities have come from a " high proportion of migrants to major cities have come from afe! district. Both rural poverty and their pro#imity to Dhakafe! district. Both rural poverty and their pro#imity to Dhakahave been the major reasons for the migrant$s rush to thehave been the major reasons for the migrant$s rush to the

capital.capital.



Growth of Urban Centers:Growth of Urban Centers:

A""ordin' to te ne& definition an urban area in Ban'ladesA""ordin' to te ne& definition an urban area in Ban'lades&as "onsidered to be?&as "onsidered to be?

A #uni"i!alit%3 "anton#ent and an% oter !la"e ofA #uni"i!alit%3 "anton#ent and an% oter !la"e of"olle"tion of "onti'uous ouses inabited b% not less tan"olle"tion of "onti'uous ouses inabited b% not less tan())) !eo!le@())) !eo!le@

All U!azial ead:uarters irres!e"tive of !o!ulation size3All U!azial ead:uarters irres!e"tive of !o!ulation size3

andand a=or ats and bazaars &it ele"tri"it%$a=or ats and bazaars &it ele"tri"it%$ Ban'lades as (88 urban "enters ,GOB3 4554 "ensus.$ AtBan'lades as (88 urban "enters ,GOB3 4554 "ensus.$ At

te be'innin' of tis "entur% ,45)4. tere &ere onl% >6 su"te be'innin' of tis "entur% ,45)4. tere &ere onl% >6 su""enters in te !resent Ban'lades re'ion$"enters in te !resent Ban'lades re'ion$

Te s!atial !attern of Urban "enters in Ban'lades is fairl%Te s!atial !attern of Urban "enters in Ban'lades is fairl%&ell balan"ed3 in te sense tat al#ost all 0> distri"ts ave a&ell balan"ed3 in te sense tat al#ost all 0> distri"ts ave a"it% or to&n of reasonable size3 and old >0) tanas ave at"it% or to&n of reasonable size3 and old >0) tanas ave atleast one s#all to&n$least one s#all to&n$



Table !: Nu"ber o# Urban $reas b% &ize 'lasses (1901-2001)

6ize of rban

/la7e

1901 1921 1951 1981 1991

2001

#ll ize 48 50 3 491 522

#bove 1 illion 2 2

la:h999999 2 2 2 14 23

25 000100000 5 1 92

"elow 24999 4 43 45 409 405



'able 4; Level of Urbanization an

er -a/ita * b< itri7t

Districts

Level of

urbanization (%)

Per Capita GDP

(1985)

Dhaka 51!" 981

Chitta#on# $5 15"!

&vlhet 95" 85'9

a shahi 15$ *9'*

Co+illa 89 *8'



6o7ial i/li7ation of Urbanization;6o7ial i/li7ation of Urbanization; Labor force, employment and unemployment Labor force, employment and unemployment ??

It as been tat ra!id "an'es ave ta/en !la"e in te su!!l%It as been tat ra!id "an'es ave ta/en !la"e in te su!!l%

as &ell as te de#and side of te urban labor #ar/et sin"eas &ell as te de#and side of te urban labor #ar/et sin"e4528$ Cile te su!!l% side &as abundantl% satisfied b% te4528$ Cile te su!!l% side &as abundantl% satisfied b% teflo& of rural #i'rants3 te de#and "a#e fro# te #an%flo& of rural #i'rants3 te de#and "a#e fro# te #an%ne& enter!rises in te for#al se"tor3 but #ore fro# tene& enter!rises in te for#al se"tor3 but #ore fro# te

infor#al se"tor$infor#al se"tor$ The urban Poor’s income:The urban Poor’s income:

It as alread% been noted earlier tat #ore tan ()* of teIt as alread% been noted earlier tat #ore tan ()* of teurban !o!ulation in Ban'lades fall belo& te !overt% lineurban !o!ulation in Ban'lades fall belo& te !overt% linein"o#e$in"o#e$



Health condition: Health condition: Te ealt "onditions in urban slu# settle#ents areTe ealt "onditions in urban slu# settle#ents are

e<tre#el% !oor and azardous for bot slu# d&ellers ande<tre#el% !oor and azardous for bot slu# d&ellers and

oter "itizens$ Te dense and s:ualid environ#ents &itoter "itizens$ Te dense and s:ualid environ#ents &it

little or no essential ealt and sanitar% fa"ilities breed alittle or no essential ealt and sanitar% fa"ilities breed a

ost of "o##uni"able as &ell as non7"o##uni"ableost of "o##uni"able as &ell as non7"o##uni"able

diseases$ At an% ti#e 9)* to >0* of te !o!ulation indiseases$ At an% ti#e 9)* to >0* of te !o!ulation in

urban !oor "o##unities suffers fro# a disease$urban !oor "o##unities suffers fro# a disease$

Education: Education:

In te field of litera"% and edu"ation3 te urban areas inIn te field of litera"% and edu"ation3 te urban areas in

'eneral so& better re"ord tan te rural areas3 or te'eneral so& better re"ord tan te rural areas3 or tenational avera'e$ Tis is e<!e"ted$ In 4564 litera"% rate atnational avera'e$ Tis is e<!e"ted$ In 4564 litera"% rate at

te national level &as onl% 89$6* &ile for urban areas itte national level &as onl% 89$6* &ile for urban areas it

&as si'nifi"antl% i'er3 9>$6*$&as si'nifi"antl% i'er3 9>$6*$



Water:Water:

=>iting itation in rban water //l< an anitation i not at all=>iting itation in rban water //l< an anitation i not at allatifa7tor<. ,oehol in ifferent 7ategorie of rban 7enter inatifa7tor<. ,oehol in ifferent 7ategorie of rban 7enter in"anglaeh btain rin:ing water fro ifferent or7e? with le"anglaeh btain rin:ing water fro ifferent or7e? with le

than oneforth of the hoehol in all rban area having hoethan oneforth of the hoehol in all rban area having hoe7onne7tion.7onne7tion.

Sanitation: Sanitation:

nl< all inorit< of rban /o/lation ha a77e to oernnl< all inorit< of rban /o/lation ha a77e to oern

anitation <te. 'he ewerage <te i fon onl< in ha:a.anitation <te. 'he ewerage <te i fon onl< in ha:a.

=ven in thi 7it< onl< 15 /er7ent of hoehol have a77e to=ven in thi 7it< onl< 15 /er7ent of hoehol have a77e toewage line. n other town vario arrangeent are in /ra7ti7e?ewage line. n other town vario arrangeent are in /ra7ti7e?in7ling e/ti7 tan: <te a well a /it latrine? b7:et latrinein7ling e/ti7 tan: <te a well a /it latrine? b7:et latrine

et7.et7.

n the /azila 'own abot 21 /er7ent of hoehol e e/ti7n the /azila 'own abot 21 /er7ent of hoehol e e/ti7tan:. # lot of /eo/le? /arti7larl< the /oor? have no /ro/er fi>etan:. # lot of /eo/le? /arti7larl< the /oor? have no /ro/er fi>etoilet or latrine. # in the 7ae of water fa7ilitie in an< l intoilet or latrine. # in the 7ae of water fa7ilitie in an< l in

ha:a 7it<? ore than a hnre failie are for7e to hare aha:a 7it<? ore than a hnre failie are for7e to hare aingle latrine an on /a<ent.ingle latrine an on /a<ent.



Energy: Energy:

In Bangladesh energy resources are very limited and it hasIn Bangladesh energy resources are very limited and it hasgreat demand to household, there is also a large demand forgreat demand to household, there is also a large demand forenergy for the industrial, transportation and commercialenergy for the industrial, transportation and commercialsectors. Already, all the urban areas are experiencingsectors. Already, all the urban areas are experiencingshortage in power supply.shortage in power supply.

Garbage isposal: Garbage isposal:

In the case of garbage disposal, except for large cities li!eIn the case of garbage disposal, except for large cities li!eha!a and "hittagong, there is hardly any properha!a and "hittagong, there is hardly any properarrangement for collection and disposal of garbage in urbanarrangement for collection and disposal of garbage in urbanareas. Even in ha!a, the garbage collection and disposalareas. Even in ha!a, the garbage collection and disposalmanagement is unsatisfactory, heaps of rotten garbage aremanagement is unsatisfactory, heaps of rotten garbage arenormal sights along city streets or neighborhood lanes.normal sights along city streets or neighborhood lanes.#eople are forced to coexist with garbage in the city.#eople are forced to coexist with garbage in the city.

$ransport: $ransport:

%rban development depends heavily on the transportation%rban development depends heavily on the transportation

system. %nfortunately this essential infrastructure is verysystem. %nfortunately this essential infrastructure is verypoorly developed, in the urban areas, of Bangladesh. $hepoorly developed, in the urban areas, of Bangladesh. $hepopular form of public urban mass transport in Bangladeshpopular form of public urban mass transport in Bangladeshis the bus. Although water transport is the cheapest mode ofis the bus. Although water transport is the cheapest mode oftransport.transport.

U b P ll tiU b P ll ti



Urban Pollution:Urban Pollution:

+ollution in urban areas is !ri#aril% #anifest in te :ualit%+ollution in urban areas is !ri#aril% #anifest in te :ualit%of &ater and air$ But noise be%ond a !arti"ular level is also aof &ater and air$ But noise be%ond a !arti"ular level is also a

serious ealt and so"ial azard and terefore "onsideredserious ealt and so"ial azard and terefore "onsidered+ollution$ All t%!es of !ollution are in"reasin' at an+ollution$ All t%!es of !ollution are in"reasin' at ana""elerated rate3 !arti"ularl% in lar'e "ities$ So#e of tea""elerated rate3 !arti"ularl% in lar'e "ities$ So#e of te+ollution levels are ver% i'3 %et !eo!le see# to ave+ollution levels are ver% i'3 %et !eo!le see# to avea""e!ted tese &it a sense of el!lessness and indifferen"e$a""e!ted tese &it a sense of el!lessness and indifferen"e$

Housing onditions: Housing onditions:

Te overall urban residential densit%3 o""u!an"% ratio andTe overall urban residential densit%3 o""u!an"% ratio andte stru"tural "ondition of ouses ave all assu#ed "riti"alte stru"tural "ondition of ouses ave all assu#ed "riti"al

situations$ Residential densities ave in"reased #anifoldsituations$ Residential densities ave in"reased #anifoldeven in te u!!er in"o#e and #iddle in"o#e areas b% teeven in te u!!er in"o#e and #iddle in"o#e areas b% te !ro"ess of filterin' and densifi"ation$ Te o""u!an"% rate of !ro"ess of filterin' and densifi"ation$ Te o""u!an"% rate ofte avera'e nu#ber of o""u!ants !er ousinte avera'e nu#ber of o""u!ants !er ousin'' unit7 in$ urbanunit7 in$ urbanareas in"reased fro# ($6> in 4504 to over 2$)2 in 4564 and aareas in"reased fro# ($6> in 4504 to over 2$)2 in 4564 and a

!robable 2$() in 4554$ !robable 2$() in 4554$



Slums and S!uatters: Slums and S!uatters:

Te i'l% li#ited a""ess to land for ousin'3 teTe i'l% li#ited a""ess to land for ousin'3 tei' "ost of ousin' #aterials3 "ou!led &it tei' "ost of ousin' #aterials3 "ou!led &it te

ra!id 'ro&t of !o!ulation #ainl% trou' tera!id 'ro&t of !o!ulation #ainl% trou' tei##i'ration of te rural !oor3 ave "aused tei##i'ration of te rural !oor3 ave "aused te'ro&t and !roliferation of innu#erable urban'ro&t and !roliferation of innu#erable urban

slu#s and s:uatter settle#ents$slu#s and s:uatter settle#ents$ "pen Space, #ecreation Space and Space"pen Space, #ecreation Space and Space

for Socio$ultural Political %ssembly: for Socio$ultural Political %ssembly:

Te urban environ#ent be"o#es !%si"all% andTe urban environ#ent be"o#es !%si"all% andso"iall% unbearable if ade:uate !ro!ortion of landso"iall% unbearable if ade:uate !ro!ortion of landis not !lanned or /e!t aside as o!en s!a"e$ or ais not !lanned or /e!t aside as o!en s!a"e$ or alar'e "it% tis !ro!ortion #a% a#ount to #orelar'e "it% tis !ro!ortion #a% a#ount to #ore

tan 4) !er"ent$tan 4) !er"ent$

- f U b i ti- f U b i ti



-one@en7e of Urbanization-one@en7e of Urbanization Urbanization and urban growth have both positive and negativeUrbanization and urban growth have both positive and negative

consequences and impacts.consequences and impacts. #. 'he oitive -one@en7e;#. 'he oitive -one@en7e; an% urban "enters in Ban'lades are in fa"t vulnerable to naturalan% urban "enters in Ban'lades are in fa"t vulnerable to natural

environ#ental azards3 li/e river ban/7erosion3 "%"lone3 flood andenviron#ental azards3 li/e river ban/7erosion3 "%"lone3 flood andeven eart:ua/e$ But it is also true tat be"ause of teir i'even eart:ua/e$ But it is also true tat be"ause of teir i'e"ono#i" i#!ortan"e ell. te !ubli" o!inion in favor of savin'e"ono#i" i#!ortan"e ell. te !ubli" o!inion in favor of savin'

"ities is stron'er tan savin' rural areas$"ities is stron'er tan savin' rural areas$&' Sa(ing on Land:&' Sa(ing on Land:

In Ban'lades3 urban settle#ents o""u!% about 2* of teIn Ban'lades3 urban settle#ents o""u!% about 2* of teland area but a""o##odate 8(* of te !o!ulation@ tis is dueland area but a""o##odate 8(* of te !o!ulation@ tis is due totote "o#!a"tness of urban settle#ents and te i' densit%te "o#!a"tness of urban settle#ents and te i' densit% ofof

!o!ulation in su" settle#ents$ Te !o!ulation of te !o!ulation in su" settle#ents$ Te !o!ulation of te "ountr%"ountr%&ould "ontinue to 'ro& for several #ore de"ades3&ould "ontinue to 'ro& for several #ore de"ades3urbanization & I tIi its i' densit% is te onl% "o#!arativeurbanization & I tIi its i' densit% is te onl% "o#!arativerelief as it saves so#e land$relief as it saves so#e land$



)' Economic *enefits:)' Economic *enefits:Due to i'er !rodu"tivel% and value addition3 urban areas "ontributeDue to i'er !rodu"tivel% and value addition3 urban areas "ontribute"o#!arativel% #ore to te national e"ono#% in !ro!ortion to te rural"o#!arativel% #ore to te national e"ono#% in !ro!ortion to te rural

!o!ulation$ Urban avera'e in"o#e is #ore tan double tat of rural !o!ulation$ Urban avera'e in"o#e is #ore tan double tat of rural

avera'e in"o#e$ Ho&ever3 avera'e e<!enditure is also i'er in urbanavera'e in"o#e$ Ho&ever3 avera'e e<!enditure is also i'er in urbanareas$areas$

+' emographic *enefits+' emographic *enefits

Urbanization leads to redu"tion in fa#il% size3 due to a""ess to betterUrbanization leads to redu"tion in fa#il% size3 due to a""ess to betterinfor#ation and servi"es of fa#il% !lannin' #etods on te one andinfor#ation and servi"es of fa#il% !lannin' #etods on te one andand ne& o""u!ational de#ands on &o#en on te oter$and ne& o""u!ational de#ands on &o#en on te oter$

-' Political *enefits-' Political *enefits

-ities are te "radles of de#o"ra"%$ Tis is true also toda%$ All-ities are te "radles of de#o"ra"%$ Tis is true also toda%$ Allde#o"rati" #ove#ents in Ban'lades ad tailed in "ities3 !arti"ularl%de#o"rati" #ove#ents in Ban'lades ad tailed in "ities3 !arti"ularl%fro# Da/a$ -ities also offer 'reater s"o!e for "ivil so"iet%fro# Da/a$ -ities also offer 'reater s"o!e for "ivil so"iet%#ove#ents3 establis#ent of ri'ts of !eo!le3 in"ludin' of &o#en$#ove#ents3 establis#ent of ri'ts of !eo!le3 in"ludin' of &o#en$Urban lo"al 'overn#ents3 su" as "it% "or!orations andUrban lo"al 'overn#ents3 su" as "it% "or!orations and

#uni"i!alities3 also foster de#o"rati" !ro"ess$#uni"i!alities3 also foster de#o"rati" !ro"ess$



.' Socio$cultural *enefits.' Socio$cultural *enefitsUrbanization el!s #odernization trou' ada!tation and oter so"ialUrbanization el!s #odernization trou' ada!tation and oter so"ial

!ro"esses$ Tis leads to so"ial and "ultural develo!#ent$ In a !ro"esses$ Tis leads to so"ial and "ultural develo!#ent$ In adevelo!in' "ountr% situation3 a""ess to edu"ation3 !arti"ularl%develo!in' "ountr% situation3 a""ess to edu"ation3 !arti"ularl%

edu"ation of better :ualit% and i'er level3 is better in urban areas$edu"ation of better :ualit% and i'er level3 is better in urban areas$Te urban litera"%3 life7st%les3 #arria'e !attern3 develo!#ent ofTe urban litera"%3 life7st%les3 #arria'e !attern3 develo!#ent ofliterature3 #usi" teatre3 ar"ite"ture3 s"ul!ture and !aintin' lar'el%literature3 #usi" teatre3 ar"ite"ture3 s"ul!ture and !aintin' lar'el%due to !ro"ess of urbanization and #etro!olitan develo!#ent$due to !ro"ess of urbanization and #etro!olitan develo!#ent$

/' %ccess to 0odem Technology and 1nformation/' %ccess to 0odem Technology and 1nformationUrbanization as el!ed Ban'lades enter te infor#ation i'&a%sUrbanization as el!ed Ban'lades enter te infor#ation i'&a%sand benefit fro# it$ It as te !ossibilit% of lar'e s"ale e<!ansion fro#and benefit fro# it$ It as te !ossibilit% of lar'e s"ale e<!ansion fro#Da/a to oter "ities and later to s#aller to&ns3 as &ell$Da/a to oter "ities and later to s#aller to&ns3 as &ell$

". $egative -one@en7e of Urbanization". $egative -one@en7e of UrbanizationUrbanization is not an un#i<ed blessin'$ Its ne'ative "onse:uen"esUrbanization is not an un#i<ed blessin'$ Its ne'ative "onse:uen"esare also of 'reat "on"ern$ Tese assu#e "riti"al role under situation ofare also of 'reat "on"ern$ Tese assu#e "riti"al role under situation ofra!id and un"ontrolled or un!lanned urban e<!ansion$ Te ne'ativera!id and un"ontrolled or un!lanned urban e<!ansion$ Te ne'ative

"onse:uen"es "an be 'rou!ed as te follo&in'?"onse:uen"es "an be 'rou!ed as te follo&in'?



&' E2treme pressure on Housing and Urban&' E2treme pressure on Housing and Urban

Ser(ices Ser(ices

In Ban'lades3 urbanization !arti"ularl% ra!id urbanizationIn Ban'lades3 urbanization !arti"ularl% ra!id urbanization

&itin a situation of &ea/ e"ono#i" "ondition3 su" as&itin a situation of &ea/ e"ono#i" "ondition3 su" as"reates e<tre#e !ressure on ousin' and urban servi"es li/e"reates e<tre#e !ressure on ousin' and urban servi"es li/eedu"ation3 ealt3 trans!ortation3 &ater3 sanitation3edu"ation3 ealt3 trans!ortation3 &ater3 sanitation3ele"tri"it%3 fuel3 'arba'e "learan"e3 re"reation et"$ +ressureele"tri"it%3 fuel3 'arba'e "learan"e3 re"reation et"$ +ressure

on ousin' a""o#!anied b% !overt% "auses 'ro&t of slu#son ousin' a""o#!anied b% !overt% "auses 'ro&t of slu#sand s:uatter settle#ents$and s:uatter settle#ents$

)' Economic onse!uences)' Economic onse!uences

Cile it is true tat urbanization 'enerates 'ro&t in teCile it is true tat urbanization 'enerates 'ro&t in tee"ono#%3 it also "reates 'reat ine:ualit% of in"o#e &itine"ono#%3 it also "reates 'reat ine:ualit% of in"o#e &itinurban !o!ulation$ In"o#e ine:ualit% in urban areas inurban !o!ulation$ In"o#e ine:ualit% in urban areas inBan'lades is i'er tan in rural areas$Ban'lades is i'er tan in rural areas$



-. 6o7ial -one@en7e-. 6o7ial -one@en7e A#on' te #an% ne'ative so"ial "onse:uen"es ofA#on' te #an% ne'ative so"ial "onse:uen"es of

urbanization are te in"rease in te in"iden"e of "ri#e andurbanization are te in"rease in te in"iden"e of "ri#e and

violen"e3 dru'3 traffi"/in'3 and addi"tion3 "orru!tion andviolen"e3 dru'3 traffi"/in'3 and addi"tion3 "orru!tion and !rostitution3 So#e of tese are asso"iated &it affluen"e !rostitution3 So#e of tese are asso"iated &it affluen"e

&ile te oters &it de!rivation3 frustration and bad&ile te oters &it de!rivation3 frustration and bad

'overnan"e$'overnan"e$

. -ltral -one@en7e;. -ltral -one@en7e; Unealt% "ultures #a/e eas% entr% trou' urbanization$Unealt% "ultures #a/e eas% entr% trou' urbanization$

Satellite T as been a stron' a'ent but tere are also oterSatellite T as been a stron' a'ent but tere are also oter

#odes of entr%$ Te situation "ould be even &orse if te#odes of entr%$ Te situation "ould be even &orse if te

"ountr% ad ado!ted a #ore o!en touris# +oli"% li/e so#e"ountr% ad ado!ted a #ore o!en touris# +oli"% li/e so#e

of te Sout7 East Asian "ountries$ Te ne'ative i#!a"t ofof te Sout7 East Asian "ountries$ Te ne'ative i#!a"t of

'lobalization is not insi'nifi"ant$'lobalization is not insi'nifi"ant$



=. =nvironental -one@en7e;=. =nvironental -one@en7e;

Ra!id urbanization &itout !lannin' andRa!id urbanization &itout !lannin' anddevelo!#ent "ontrol as resulted in #assivedevelo!#ent "ontrol as resulted in #assive

de'radation in te urban environ#ent$ Tis isde'radation in te urban environ#ent$ Tis isobvious in !ollution of air and &ater$ Tere is alsoobvious in !ollution of air and &ater$ Tere is alsoi' level of noise !ollution and de'radation ofi' level of noise !ollution and de'radation of

land$ Un"olle"ted 'arba'e adds also to in"rease inland$ Un"olle"ted 'arba'e adds also to in"rease inno<ious door$ In lar'e "ities li/e Da/a andno<ious door$ In lar'e "ities li/e Da/a and-itta'on'3 !arti"ularl% Da/a3 air +ollution ,in all-itta'on'3 !arti"ularl% Da/a3 air +ollution ,in allindi"ators. is one of te i'est in te &orld$indi"ators. is one of te i'est in te &orld$

Tat ra!id 'ro&t of !o!ulation of a #assive s"aleTat ra!id 'ro&t of !o!ulation of a #assive s"ale"auses ne'ative i#!a"t on environ#ent is obvious in"auses ne'ative i#!a"t on environ#ent is obvious in

Ban'lades bot in its rural and urban areas$Ban'lades bot in its rural and urban areas$



'#6A !-= !=-BB=$#'$6'#6A !-= !=-BB=$#'$6 6trategie for Urbanization an Urban6trategie for Urbanization an Urban

evelo/ent in "anglaeh;evelo/ent in "anglaeh; 1. $ational Urban 6<te evelo/ent 6trateg<1. $ational Urban 6<te evelo/ent 6trateg< 2. Urban lanning an Banageent 6trategie2. Urban lanning an Banageent 6trategie Urban Planning:Urban Planning: a. Urban (Bater) lan an lanning "oie;a. Urban (Bater) lan an lanning "oie; b. Bater lanb. Bater lan$$ 7. lanning ro7e an eo/leC arti7i/ation;7. lanning ro7e an eo/leC arti7i/ation; . h<i7al lanning -ontrol Legilation;. h<i7al lanning -ontrol Legilation;

e. nfratr7tre evelo/ent;e. nfratr7tre evelo/ent; f. bli7 toilet an /bli7 bath;f. bli7 toilet an /bli7 bath; g. Urban lan oli7<;g. Urban lan oli7<;

urbanization in bangladesh

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