urban schism, social strains: exploring the collective identities of youth in contemporary belfast

7/31/2019 Urban Schism, Social Strains: Exploring the Collective Identities of Youth in Contemporary Belfast

1/13

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Tkhy`i 2( Jy`oir 3

Yrolj Vfanv`( Vkfnlh Vsrlnjv5 Iq}hkrnjb saiFkhhifsnti Ncijsnsniv kd ^kysa nj Fkjsi`}krlr~

Oihdlvs

Cltnc Crnvvih


2/13

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Dnvs }yohnvaic nj ?==2 nj @ihokyji( Lyvslhnl o~ Fk``kj Bkyjc ]yohnvanjb ]s~ Hscrrr*Fk``kjBkyjc]yohnvanjb*fk`*

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Lhh nbasv ivitic* L}ls dk` dln yvi dk sai }y}kviv kd vsyc~( ivilfa( fnsnfnv` k itnir lv}i`nssic yjci sai Fk}~nbas Lfs !Lyvslhnl.( jk }ls kd sanv rkg `l~ oi i}kcyfic rnsakys rnssij}i`nvvnkj dk` sai }yohnvai* Dk }i`nvvnkjv ljc ksai nj|ynniv( }hilvi fkjslfs8fb-vy}}ksMfk``kjbkyjc}yohnvanjb*fk`:*

NVVJ5 96?]yohnvai Vnsi5 ass}5++rrr*Cntivns~-Ekyjlh*fk`

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S~}ivis nj Fk``kj Bkyjc @lgy} Hljbylbi yvnjb FBFilsk `yhsnfaljjih s~}ivissnjb v~vsi`ass}5++rrr*Fk``kjBkyjcVkdsrli*fk`*


3/13

Yrolj Vfanv`( Vkfnlh Vsrlnjv5 Iq}hkrnjb sai Fkhhifsnti Ncijsnsniv kd

^kysa nj Fkjsi`}krlr~ Oihdlvs

Cltnc Crnvvih( Nkl Fijsrlh Fk``yjns~ Fkhhibi( NL( YVL

Lovsrlfs5 Sanv lrsnfhi njtivsnblsiv ak yrolj v}lsnlh faljbiv alti njyijfic sai fkjvsryfsnkj( jibksnlsnkj( ljc srljvdkr -

lsnkj kd fkhhifsnti ncijsnsniv nj fkjsi`}krlr~ Oihdlvs( Jkrsairj Nrihljc( ljc dilsyriv lj isajkbrl}anf vsyc~ kd hkflh siijlbirv

ljc ~kyjb lcyhsv !lbiv =v lv l rivyhs kd `lekr }khnsnflh citihk}ìjsv vyfa lv sai ijlfsìjs kd Jkrsairj Nrihljcv

Bkkc Drncl~ }ilfi lffkrc* Sai fkjsnjyic iqnvsijfi kd nj-brky}+kys-brky} }irfi}snkjv l`kjb ~kyjb }ik}hi nj }kvs-Srkyohiv

Oihdlvs nv l `lekr dkfyv kd sanv lrsnfhi* Nj lccnsnkj( sai fkjvsryfsnkj kd valric !jkj-k}}kvnsnkjlh. v}lfiv }k}yhlsic `kvsh~

o~ ~kysa nv iq}hkric( olvic kj sai saikr~ sals sai }rivijfi kd lhsirjlsnti vyofyhsyriv ljc rihlsic jik-srnoiv nj vyfa v}lfiv

iddifsntih~ rifkjbyriv vkfnlh okyjclrniv ljc cn`njnvaiv sai vlhnijfi kd srlcnsnkjlh ncijsnflsnkj flsibkrniv* Sakyba vif-

slrnlj }irfi}snkjv iri cnvfktiric sk iqnvs l`kjb `lj~ riv}kjcijsv( srlcnsnkjlh vkfnlh olrrnirv iri dkyjc sk alti irkcic

nj firslnj vissnjbv* Nj }lrsnfyhlr( rifijsh~ fkjvsryfsic valric vkfnlh v}lfiv alti oiij ysnhnuic o~ ~kysa sk iddifsntih~ ohyr

vfanv`lsnf cnvsnjfsnkjv ljc ls hilvs }lrsnlhh~ srljvdkr` sainr fkhhifsnti ncijsnsniv*

Gi~krcv5 Fkhhifsnti Ncijsns~( Yrolj( Oihdlvs( Jkrsairj Nrihljc( ^kysa Vyofyhsyriv( Jik-Srnoiv( Vfanv`( Vsrlnjv( Yrolj

V}lfi( Vkfnlh Vsrlsnflsnkj( Vsiriks~}iv( Isajkbrl}a~

Njsrkcyfsnkj

JY@I_KYVFNSNIVL_KYJC sai krhc

alti iq}irnijfic iqsijcic }irnkcv kd vkfnk-

v}lsnlh cntnvnkj( lv tlrnkyv bktirjìjsv

ljc jkj-vslsi lfskrv alti v~vsi`lsnflhh~

vibriblsic ijsnri jinbaokrakkcv vnsylsic nsanj

yrolj vissnjbv* Drk` Onr`njbal`( Lhlol`l nj sai

4=v sk Olbaclc nj sai fyrrijs irl( fnsniv alti oiij

cntncic kj sai olvnv kd vyfa dlfskrv lv rlfi( isajnfns~(rihnbnkj( ljc }khnsnflh ncikhkb~*

Nj sanv riblrc( Oihdlvs( Jkrsairj Nrihljc(< lv

v}lsnlhh~ v}hnjsiric dkr ciflciv o~ lj ncikhkbnflhh~

crntij fkjnfs sals ondyrflsic sai fns~ }rn lrnh~ lhkjb

isajk-rihnbnkyv hnjiv* Hngi sai rivs kd Jkrsairj Nri-

hljc( Oihdlvs lv }hlbyic o~ l ci dlfsk fntnh lr

gjkj lv sai Srkyohiv sals }nssic Nrnva Flsakhnf

jlsnkjlhnvsv lblnjvs ]rksivsljs yjnkjnvsv ljc Ornsnva

srkk}v* Cyrnjb sanv }irnkc( `kvs kd Oihdlvsv jinba-

okrakkcv iri rnbnch~ vibriblsic lffkrcnjb sk vifs*

Akitir( sai fns~v vkfnk-v}lsnlh vsryfsyri lv

`kcnic sk vkì iqsijs oibnjjnjb nj sai hlsi >=vlv l rivyhs kd `lekr }khnsnflh citihk}ìjsv vyfa lv

sai ijlfsìjs kd Jkrsairj Nrihljcv Bkkc Drncl~

}ilfi lffkrc ljc rihlsic hibnvhlsnti }kir-valrnjb

lbriiìjsv*

Sanv lrsnfhi njtivsnblsiv ak yrolj v}lfi alv nj-

yijfic sai fkjvsryfsnkj( jibksnlsnkj( ljc srljvdkr`-

lsnkj kd fkhhifsnti ncijsnsniv nj fkjsi`}krlr~ Oihdlvs

ljc dilsyriv lj isajkbrl}anf vsyc~ kd siijlbirv ljc

~kyjb lcyhsv !lbiv < }ik}hi( nsa l skslh kd 92>(993 nj sai ìsrk lril( lffkrcnjb sk ?==< fijvyv byriv*

SAI NJSI_JLSNKJLH EKY_JLH KD CNTI_VNS^ NJ K_BLJNVLSNKJV( FK@@YJNSNIV LJC JLSNKJV(

TKHY@I 2( JY@OI_ 3( ?==2

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4/13

v}ifsv dkr l rlcnflh rifkjbyrlsnkj kd yrolj v}lfi

ljc rihlsic faljbiv nj sai fkhhifsnti ncijsnsniv kd

Oihdlvs ~kysa lri lvvivvic*

Vkfnk-V}lsnlh Fkjvsryfsnkjv kd Fkhhifsnti

Ncijsns~

Olvic }rn`lrnh~ kj sai valric iq}irnijfiv kd itir~-

cl~ hndi( fkhhifsnti ncijsns~ ridirv sk lj njcntncylhv

fkbjnsnti( `krlh( ljc i`ksnkjlh fkjjifsnkj nsa l

orklcir fk``yjns~( flsibkr~( }rlfsnfi( kr njvsnsysnkj

!]khhissl ljc Elv}ir ?==254.*

Fkhhifsnti ncijsnsniv lri cnrifsh~ rihlsic sk sai

dkr`lsnkj kd v}ifnf brky} okyjclrniv ljc lj k}-

}kvnsnkjlh fkjvfnkyvjivv civnbjic sk lrsnfyhlsi

brnitljfiv ljc rivnvs ck`njlsnkj !Ailsa ?==653?4.*

Hkjbvsljcnjb cnddirijfiv oisiij lctirvlrnlh brky}vflj oi tir~ n`}krsljs nj sanv riblrc( lv sai }kvnsnkj-

njb kd l ìljnjbdyh }lvs njdyviv brky} fkjvfnkyv-

jivv nsa l jlrrlsnti kd fkjsnjyns~ sals iddifsntih~

hnjgv }lvs brnitljfiv sk }rivijs-cl~ fnrfy`vsljfiv

!Jinhh ?==9.* Sanv nv iv}ifnlhh~ sai flvi aij

l vyovsljsnlh cibrii kd vkfnlh cnvsljfi iqnvsv oisiij

brky}v !i*b*( vibriblsic jinbaokrakkcv ljc eko vnsiv.*

]lrl}arlvnjb sai fkjslfs a~}ksaivnv( }rieycnfi sijcv

sk kyrnva nj vyfa lj njvyhlsic yrolj ls`kv}airi

!Lhh}krs 93.* Fkhhifsnti ncijsnsniv lri sayv rihlsnkj-

lh fkjfi}sv( fhilrh~ snic sk rilh ljc n`lbnjic vkfnlh

cnddirijfiv oisiij brky}v kd }ik}hi !@ljcltnhhi

>>( Vlfg ?==6.*

Lj~ `lekr faljbiv nj sai v}lsnlh }lssirjv kd vkfnlh

njsirlfsnkj yhsn`lsih~ n`}lfs sai fkjvsryfsnkj ljc

srljvdkr`lsnkj kd fkhhifsnti ncijsnsniv* Lv Bksal`

kovirtiv( v}lfi nv l vkfnlh fkjvsryfsnkj sals val}iv

vkfnlh lfsnkj ljc bynciv oialtnkr !?==52?6.* _ieifs-

njb ivvijsnlhnvs fkjfi}snkjv kd v}lfi ljc }hlfi(sanv l}}rklfa }rktnciv vyoeifsnti njvnbasv njsk sai

l~v nj anfa tlrnkyv vkfnlh lfskrv njsirlfs nj yrolj

v}lsnlh ijtnrkjìjsv !Bnhoirs ?===544.* V}lfi

`lssirv( Ainggnhl fkjsijcv( oiflyvi ns ìcnlsiv

sai iq}irnijfiv kd }ik}hi nj }hlfiv ljc dyrsair( ns

val}iv sai vsryfsyri kd sai k}}krsyjns~ vis ltlnhlohi

sk sai` !?==


5/13

lsnti v}lsnlh ck`lnjv sals sijc sk ohyr ljc fkjlsi

aibi`kjnf cnvsnjfsnkjv !Sleolgava ?===5 25?=?.* L}}rk}rnlsi vs~hi ljc

vhljb( dkr njvsljfi( lri iòkcnic dkr v kd vyofyhsyrlh

fl}nslh kdsij hnjgic sk fk`}isnjb fkjfi}snkjv kdyroljns~* Iqanonsnjb l}}rk}rnlsi gjkhicbi kd rihit-

ljs `yvnflh bijriv ljc lrsnvsv( cljfi vs~hiv( v}krsv

ljc bl iv( ljc vyofyhsyrlh v~òkhv lri kdsij anbah~

}rnuic o~ vyofyhsyrlh fkakrsv* Fkjvy`}snkj kd }lr-

snfyhlr }rkcyfsv kr koeifsv !i*b*( fhksaiv( alnrvs~hiv(

dkkcvsyddv( jnbasfhyov( iovnsiv. ljc ysnhnunjb }lrsnf-

yhlr }arlviv kr iq}rivvnkjv lri lhvk n`}krsljs nj sanv

riblrc* Raisair kr jks sai brknjb }rivijfi kd

vyofyhsyrlh fl}nslh alv iddifsntih~ ilgijic kr vy}-

}hljsic sai `kri srlcnsnkjlh( v}lsnlhh~ okyjcic( fkh-

hifsnti ncijsnsniv kd ~kysa nj Oihdlvs nhh oi lccrivvic

ls sai fkjfhyvnkj kd sanv lrsnfhi*

Sai Itkhysnkj kd Vkfnk-V}lsnlh Faljbi

nj Oihdlvs

Oihdlvs !hngi sai rivs kd Jkrsairj Nrihljc. alv iq}ir-

nijfic crl lsnf vkfnk-v}lsnlh faljbiv ktir sai ~ilrv*

Fkhkjnuic o~ Vfkssnva ljc Ijbhnva ]rksivsljs visshirv

oibnjjnjb nj sai ihitijsa fijsyr~( Jkrsairj Nrihljc

itijsylhh~ oifl i l `lekrns~-]rksivsljs ijfhlti

nsanj l }rick njlsih~ _k lj Flsakhnf nvhljc* Dkh-

hknjb l virniv kd }k}yhlr y}rnvnjbv o~ Nrnva jlsnkj-

lhnvsv nj sai ilrh~ ?=v( sai `kvsh~ Flsakhnf vkysairj

?4 fkyjsniv kd Nrihljc blnjic sainr njci}ijcijfidrk` sai Yjnsic Gnjbck`* Sai Nrnva Drii Vslsi !ljc

itijsylhh~ sai _i}yohnf kd Nrihljc. lv ivslohnvaic

nsa Cyohnj lv nsv fl}nslh* Cyrnjb sai vlì }irnkc(

Jkrsairj Nrihljc !n*i*( Nrihljcv jkrsailvsirj vnq

fkyjsniv vkìsnìv ridirric sk lv Yhvsir. lv kd-

fnlhh~ vi}lrlsic drk` sai rivs kd sai nvhljc( oifk njb

lj njsibrlh }lrs kd sai Y*G*

Ls sai snì kd }lrsnsnkj nj ?


6/13

Oihdlvs nj }lrsnfyhlr oiflì l tir~ tnkhijs }hlfi

cyrnjb sai Srkyohiv( nsa `kri salj =v( oibnjjnjb nsa njsir nssijs

}lrl`nhnslr~ filviriv ljc fyh`njlsnjb nj sai `yhsn-

}lrs~ Bkkc Drncl~ }ilfi lbriiìjs kd L}rnh >1*

Sanv lbriiìjs crl`lsnflhh~ `kcnic sai }khnsnflh

vslsyv |yk nj Oihdlvs ljc sarkybakys Jkrsairj Nri-

hljc* _lsnic o~ l }k}yhlr ridirijcy` nj @l~ >1(

sai lbriiìjs njfhycic l ritl`}ic Jkrsairj Nrihljc

hibnvhlsyri nsa }rk}krsnkjlh }kir-valrnjb bylrlj-

siiv dkr oksa `lekr vifsv(4 l ji }lj-Nrnva !Jkrsa-Vkysa. fkyjfnh( l Ornsnva-Nrnva fkyjfnh( ljc ksair

`kcirlsi ridkr`v !Bnjs~( @yhckkj( ljc Dirbyvkj

?==252.* Vnjfi sals snì( sirrkrnv alv hlrbih~ cnvvn}-

lsic ljc sai vifslrnlj fntnh lr alv iddifsntih~ ijcic*

Akitir( Oihdlvs fkjsnjyiv sk oi anbah~ vibrib-

lsic( nsa lrkyjc 1= }irfijs kd Flsakhnfv ljc ]rks-

ivsljsv hntnjb nj jinbaokrakkcv sals lri }k}yhlsic

o~ `kri salj 4= }irfijs kd sai vlì vifs !Vanrhk

?==45

Vnbjnfljsh~( ]rksivsljs-Yjnkjnvsv ljc Flsakhnf-

Jlsnkjlhnvsv alti `lnjslnjic sainr kj vi}lrlsi

fyhsyrlh njdrlvsryfsyriv vnjfi sai Bkkc Drncl~

lbriiìjs !Frlnsa ?==6531.* Ilfa vnci alv rislnjic

sainr kj anbah~ vibriblsic vfakkhv(( sakyba ns alv

oiij si`}krlrnh~ vyv}ijcic vitirlh snìv* Akitir( l `lekr fk`}rk`nvi lbriiìjs oisiij sai `lekr }lrsniv lv njvsnsysic nj @l~ ?==2*2 Ksair orilgll~ dlfsnkjv kd sai N_L alti ridyvic sk cifk``nvvnkj sainr il}kjv*1 Vnbjnfljsh~( sai tlvs `lekrns~ kd hk~lhnvs }lrl`nhnslr~ brky}v alti jks ~is cifk``nvvnkjic sainr il}kjv*>

Lffkrcnjb sk rifijs byriv( 9* Sairi alti oiij ktir

?(9== }lrl`nhnslr~ vs~hi lsslfgv cyrnjb sai vlì snì }irnkc !@fBrihhnv ?==9l596.*


7/13

Iql`njnjb sai Fkhhifsnti Ncijsnsniv kd

Oihdlvs ^kysa

Cyrnjb `~ sk-iig vsl~ nj Oihdlvs !Eyji ?==4.( N

fkjcyfsic njdkr`lh k}ij-ijcic njsirtniv nsa 61

siijv ljc ~kyjb lcyhsv !njfhycnjb sijs~ Flsakhnfvljc inbasiij ]rksivsljsv.*


8/13

Fkjjkr vlnc sals ai yvylhh~ }ridirv sk dri|yijs ljksa-

ir ckjskj fhyo( sai Drkjs ]lbi( anfa alv v}ifnlh

}yjg jnbasv ljc kfflvnkjlhh~ dilsyriv anv oljc

}irdkr njb hnti* Ai iq}hlnjic sals ai diihv ls akì

nj vyfa lj ijtnrkjìjs( }lrsnfyhlrh~ vnjfi ns nv hlrbih~

cislfaic drk` isajk-vifslrnljnv`* Sai }yjg rkfgvyofyhsyri alv vnbjnfljsh~ n`}lfsic sai itkhysnkj

kd anv ncijsns~( lv ai iq}hlnjic5

]yjg rkfg nv jks flrnjb lokys lj~ kd sai }khnsnf-

lh frl} sals cntnciv sai fk``yjns~* Eyvs cknjb

~kyr kj sanjb itij nd }ik}hi sanjg nsv kcc kr

crlvsnf* Ri"ri eyvs kys sk alti l bkkc snì( oys

l hks kd }ik}hi bis nj sai l~*

L di cl~v ldsir `~ fkjtirvlsnkj nsa Fkjjkr( N

tnvnsic sai Drkjs ]lbi fhyo kj l sifajk jnbas sals

njfhycic l ihh-gjkj hkflh CE v}njjnjb rifkrcv dkr

sai frkc* Y}kj ijsirnjb( N nsjivvic drijisnf clj-

fnjb nsa }yhvlsnjb glhinckvfk}nf hnbasnjb sals nj-

fhycic l `nqic vyofyhsyrlh frkc kd rltirv( fhyo

gncv( bksav( vgnjailcv( }yjgv( }ri}}niv( ljc tlrnkyv

okai`nlj s~}iv* Lv N }lrsnfn}lsic nj sai v~jfk}lsic

cljfi rnsylhv( N dihs l vijvi kd yjns~ nsanj sai frkc(

anfa dkfyvic kj ri}isnsnti oys nrrivnvsnoh~ a~}jksnf

cljfi oilsv krfaivsrlsic o~ l vii`njbh~ ìvvnljnf

CE* Nj sai olr lril hlsir N slhgic sk oksa Flsakhnf ljc

]rksivsljs ~kysav( nsa fkjtirvlsnkj kdsij dkfyvnjb

kj sai saij-nj-}rkbrivv Rkrhc Fy} dkr vkffir* ]lcc~(

l -~ilr-khc Nrnva Flsakhnf rltir ljc ltnc vkffir

dlj( iq}hlnjic sals sai Drkjs ]lbi lssrlfsv l ncitlrnis~ kd }ik}hi drk` sarkybakys Oihdlvs* Lv ai

jksic( Riri gnjc kd l `kshi~ hks nj airi( ~ky

gjk*

N slhgic sk ksair ~kyjb lcyhsv ls l `kri fkjtij-

snkjlh ivslohnvaìjs( sai Frkj Olr( hkflsic tir~

fhkvi sk sai ailrs kd sai fns~* Eycbnjb o~ sai }yov

snshi( N lvvyìc sals ns lv l ]rksivsljs yjnkjnvs ivslo-

hnvaìjs* Akitir( N vkkj ìs l di Flsakhnfv ls

sai olr njfhycnjb _koirs( l ?1-~ilr khc ekyrjlhnvs*

Ai iq}hlnjic sals lffkrcnjb sk hkflh hibijc( sai krn-

bnjlh kjir kd sai }yo lv l Flsakhnf `lj `lrrnic

sk l ]rksivsljs k`lj* Sai fky}hi lrbyic ktir alssk jl i sai }yo( nsa sai ndi itijsylhh~ }ritlnhnjb*

Nj v}nsi kd sanv( sai kjir iqlfsic anv ritijbi o~

altnjb l Ornsnva frkj isfaic kjsk sai kkr kd sai

}yov ijsrljfi( bylrljsiinjb sals itir~kji kyhc

srl`}hi ktir sai `kjlrfa~ aij ijsirnjb kr iqnsnjb

sai }yo* Bntij sai ivslohnvaìjsv ri}ysich~ ify ij-

nflh ~is nfkjkfhlvsnf krnbnjv( ns alv lssrlfsic l

nqic frkc iv}ifnlhh~ vnjfi sai ijc kd sai

Srkyohiv( _koirs fhlnìc* Ai iq}hlnjic dyrsair sals

sakyba ai lv rlnvic l Flsakhnf ljc alv hkjb ncijsn-

ic nsa sai bklhv kd Nrnva ri}yohnfljnv`( ai k}}kviv

tnkhijfi* Lv ai vslsic5

N vkìsnìv dihs hngi lj kysvncir ljc vifkjc-

fhlvv fnsnuij brknjb y}( oiflyvi kd `~ rihnbnkj

ljc }khnsnflh oihnidv* ]rksivsljsv ljc Flsakhnfv

lri cnddirijs nj `lj~ l~v( oys N ckjs cnvfrn -

njlsi*

Njciic( _koirs viiìc |ynsi ls ilvi lv ai slhgic nsa

l nci tlrnis~ kd }lsrkjv ls sai }yo* L ~kyjb `lrrnicnjsirdlnsa fky}hi vkkj eknjic yv dkr vkì fkjtirvl-

snkj ljc oiir* I``l( l ?3-~ilr Flsakhnf k`lj ljc

Elfg( air ?4-~ilr khc ]rksivsljs ayvoljc( iri riby-

hlrv ls sai }yo* Cyrnjb sai Srkyohiv( vyfa njsirdlnsa

`lrrnlbiv iri iqsriìh~ rlri ljc kdsij vsnb lsnuic*

Elfg iq}hlnjic sals sai~ rvs ìs ls l rkfg fkjfirs

nj Oihdlvsv fns~ fijsir vitirlh ~ilrv lbk( vkkj ldsir

sai Srkyohiv ijcic* Sai~ alc kjh~ risyrjic sk sai

fns~ ldsir hntnjb nj Cyohnj dkr sai }lvs di ~ilrv* N

lvgic ak sai~ iri srilsic nj Oihdlvs( sk anfa

sai~ riv}kjcic jkjfalhljsh~ ls rvs* Hntnjb nj sai

njsibrlsic fns~ fijsir alv aih}ic l brils cilh( sai~iq}hlnjic* I``l jksic sals rihnbnkj nv rlrih~ cnv-

fyvvic nj sainr akyviakhc( sakyba vai fkjsnjyiv sk

lssijc `lvv kj kfflvnkj* Elfg vsrivvic sals ai dihs

yjfk`dkrslohi civfrnonjb an`vihd lv insair Nrnva

kr Ornsnva( oys vk isn iv yvic sai sir` Jkrsairj

Nrnva njvsilc* Lv ai iq}hlnjic5

^ky vii N ckjs diih lj~ rilh lhhibnljfi sk sai

Ornsnva frkj kr yjnkjnv`* Oys N bri y} nj l

vibriblsic ]rksivsljs jinbaokrakkc ljc vk N

byivv N oihnitic nj lhh sai Krljbiìj vsydd dkr

l anhi* N itij `lrfaic nj l }lrlci kjfi kr

snfi aij N lv ~kyjbir* Oys ldsir N bks ij-blbic sk I``l( vitirlh dkhgv kyhcjs slhg sk

ì lj~`kri* L }lrl`nhnslr~ itij sarilsijic

ì nsa l oilsnjb* Salsv kji rilvkj a~ i

`ktic sk Cyohnj dkr l di ~ilrv*

Lv N tijsyric njsk tlrnkyv vibriblsic jinbaokrakkcv

!i*b*( Dlhhv _klc( Valjgnhh.( N dkyjc sals sairi iri

`lj~ hlrbi njsrnflsi `yrlhv kj cnv}hl~ nsa `nhnsljs

ìvvlbiv ljc kdsij-tnkhijs n`lbir~( vyfa lv `nhnsnl-

ìj nsa rniv ljc sai ohkkc~ vitiric aljc kd l hi-

bijclr~ jlsnkjlh }lsrnks* Lv Vanrhk alv kovirtic(

vyfa `yrlhv ljc brldsn lri l rifkbjnulohi dkr` kd

sirrnskrnlh `lrgnjb ljc lj nhhyvsrlsnkj kd sirrnskrnlh-

nuic }kir !?==45


9/13

njb nj sai v|ylri( anhi ksairv iri eyvs `nhhnjb

lokys* Hkkgnjb lrkyjc( N vl `kvsh~ siijlbirv( `lj~

kd ak` iri fhlc nj s-vanrsv i`ohlukjic nsa

L`irnflj kr Ornsnva rkfg kr rl} lrsnvsv* Vitirlh

~kysav iri crivvic nj bksanf ohlfg( anhi ksairv

v}krsic v}ngic alnr ljc }yjg lssnri ljc+kr an}-ak}njyijfic olbb~ }ljsv ljc v}krsv fhksanjb* @lj~

kd sai ~kysav nsa anfa N slhgic njcnflsic sals lj

llrijivv kd vifslrnlj ncijsns~ vsnhh iqnvsv( sakyba

vyfa diihnjbv lri tlvsh~ yjcirvslsic nj vyfa valric

yrolj v}lfiv*

Dkr njvsljfi( Birr~( l ?


10/13

Fkjfhyvnkj5 Srljvdkr`njb Fkhhifsnti

Ncijsnsniv

Sanv lrsnfhi alv iql njic sai iqsijs sk anfa fkhhifs-

nti ncijsnsniv lri oinjb jibksnlsic ljc srljvdkrìc

nj Oihdlvs( l fns~ sals alv rifijsh~ yjcirbkji crl`lsnfvkfnk-v}lsnlh faljbiv* Dkr ciflciv( `kvs rivncijsv

iri ci}rntic kd jkr`lh itir~cl~ fkjslfs nsa

}ik}hi drk` sai ksair vnci kd sai fns~( hilcnjb sk

`ysylh vyv}nfnkj ljc brknjb akvsnhns~* Nj hlrbi

ìlvyri( Oihdlvsv fnsnuijv iqnvsic nj okyjcic bik-

}khnsnflh v}lfi sals cijic ljc cihn`nsic sainr fkh-

hifsnti ncijsnsniv* Sai fns~ fkjslnjic cylh }khnsnflh+fyh-

syrlh njdrlvsryfsyriv ljc njvsnsysnkjv dkr ~ilrv( sairio~

dyrsair ondyrflsnjb sai vkfnk-v}lsnlh `nhniy* _ivncijsv

iq}irnijfic l brknjb alrcijnjb kd cnfaksk`kyv

fkhhifsnti ncijsnsniv lv }khnsnflh sijvnkjv ivflhlsic

cyrnjb sai Srkyohiv* Itijsylhh~( sai fns~ kdfnlhh~

rivskric vkì viòhljfi kd bktirjìjslh fkaivnti-

jivv( sakyba sai vkfnkhkbnflh vkyrfiv kd cntnvnkj alti

fkjsnjyic sk hnjbir*

Vnbjnfljsh~( sai tlvs `lekrns~ kd siijv ljc ~kyjb

lcyhsv njsirtniic dkr sanv vsyc~ njcnflsic sals sai~

ncijsnd~ !kr alc ncijsnic. sk vkì iqsijs( akitir

hn`nsic( nsa Oihdlvsv srlcnsnkjlh on}khlr flsibkrniv

!n*i*( Ornsnva+]rksivsljsv kr Nrnva+Flsakhnfv.* @kvs kd

sai riv}kjcijsv vslsic sals sai~ alc iq}irnijfic

vkì vijvi kd k}}kvnsnkjlh fkjvfnkyvjivv ls l firslnj

}knjs nj sainr hntiv !}lrsnfyhlrh~ nj sainr fanhcakkc kr

ilrh~ lckhivfijfi.( rifkbjnunjb sals sainr kj ncij-

sns~ alc oiij cijic nj fkjsrlcnvsnjfsnkj sk sai yroljksair* Nj v}nsi kd `lekr vandsv nj sai vkfnk-v}lsnlh

vslsyv |yk nj rifijs ~ilrv( l `lekrns~ kd riv}kjcijsv

njcnflsic lj llrijivv kd cnddirijfi drk` sai ksair

`lekr isajk-rihnbnkyv brky}( olvic hlrbih~ kj iqsirj-

lhh~ l}}hnic flsibkrniv ljc hloihv*

Firslnjh~( tlrnkyv vkfnlh vsrlnjv rivyhsnjb drk`

~ilrv kd cnfaksk`kyv fhlvvnflsnkj alti n`}lfsic

`lj~ kd sai ~kyjb }ik}hi vsycnic* Lv l anvskrnflhh~

`lrbnjlhnuic brky}( Nrnva Flsakhnfv viiìc `kvs

cii}h~ srkyohic o~ sai }ir}isylsnkj kd jiblsnti vsi-

riks~}iv* Diihnjbv kd dryvsrlsnkj ljc rivijsìjs dkr

oinjb }irfintic lv cnddirijs kr vifkjc fhlvv fns-nuijv iri iq}rivvic sk sanv rivilrfair* Akitir(

tnrsylhh~ lhh kd sai ~kyjb }ik}hi njsirtniic njcnf-

lsic vk i cibrii kd cnvvlsnvdlfsnkj nsa }rick`njlsi

dkr`v kd vkfnlh vsrlsnflsnkj* Itij `kvs ]rksivsljs

~kysav iq}rivvic cnvl}}rktlh kd fkjsnjyic brky}-

olvic vsiriks~}njb kr cnvfrn`njlsnkj olvic vkhih~ kj

isajk-rihnbnkyv krnbnjv* Nj dlfs( vitirlh riv}kjcijsv

ridyvic sk l}}h~ sai on}khlr fhlvvnflsnkj vfaiì sk

sainr kj }rivijs-cl~ ncijsns~( }ridirrnjb ljksair

!`kri jiysrlh. flsibkr~ vyfa lv Jkrsairj Nrnva*


11/13

ljc njvsilc ncijsnd~njb nsa v}lsnlhh~ iq}ljvnti

vyofyhsyriv* Vyfa vyofyhsyrlh fl}nslh flj oi srljv-

dkrìc }ksijsnlhh~ njsk jljfnlh fl}nslh skk( lccnjb

sk sai lhhyri kd fkhhifsnti ncijsns~ rifkjbyrlsnkj*

Dkr njvsljfi( fhyo CEv( rkfg `yvnfnljv( lrsnvsv( ljc

dlvankj civnbjirv `l~ oijis jljfnlhh~ drk` vyo-fyhsyrlh rifkbjnsnkj ljc rihlsic vkfnlh sniv*

_lsair salj iqnvsnjb nj qic baissknuic vslvnv(

`lj~ Oihdlvs ~kysa lri yvnjb v}lfi }rkcyfsntih~ sk

ktirfkì srlcnsnkjlh vkfnlh fkjvsrlnjsv* Nj sanv ri-

v}ifs( sai~ }kvvivv vkfnlh lbijf~* Altnjb dkyjc lh-

sirjlsnti v}lsnlh ck`lnjv nj anfa sk njsirlfs( sai~

iqnvs kysvnci sai aibi`kjnf }yrtni kd lj~ vnjbhi

brky}v sirrnskrnlh fkjsrkh* Hngi ~kyjb }nkjiirv( sai~

`nbrlsi clnh~ njsk jkj-lctirvlrnlh okrcirhljcv !ljc

ll~ drk` vibriblsic jinbaokrakkcv. sals lhhk dkr

nci-rljbnjb dkr`v kd njsirlfsnkj( iq}rivvnkj( ljc

fkjvy`}snkj* ]irvkjlh fkjslfs nsa sai yrolj ksairnv jks kjh~ }ir`nssic nj vyfa v}lfiv( oys lhvk kdsij

ijfkyrlbic* Sakyba `lj~ ~kyjb }ik}hi ri}krsich~

ornjb sainr njsir-brky} onlviv nsa sai` lv sai~ ijsir

jiysrlh v}lfiv( sai~ kdsij iq}rivv ribris lokys }kv-

vivvnjb !kr altnjb }kvvivvic. vyfa lssnsyciv* Nj sanv

riv}ifs( aibi kjnf dkr v kd fhlvvnflsnkj alti oiij

cnhysic l`kjb ~kysa( sakyba jks ktirsyrjic fk`-

}hisih~*

Njsir}irvkjlh fkjslfs nj sai valric v}lfiv kovirtic

njfhyci jks kjh~ ~kysa drk` cntirbijs isajk-rihnbnkyv

olfgbrkyjcv( oys lhvk cnddirijs vyofyhsyriv* Dkr nj-

vsljfi( ns lv jksikrsa~ sals Ckjiblhh V|ylri( sai

Drkjs ]lbi( sai Tijyi( ljc ksair vnsiv dilsyric l

nci lvvkrs ijs kd }yjgv( rltirv( bksav( ailc-

oljbirv( an}-ak}}irv( ljc ksairv ak njsirlfsic ljc

`njbhic nj `kvsh~ drnijch~ dlvankj* Ivvijsnlhh~( njsir-

vyofyhsyrlh jik-srnoiv54.*

Flvsihhv( @ljyih* Sai Njdkr`lsnkj Lbi5 Ifkjk`~( Vkfnis~ ljc Fyhsyri Tkhyì N Flòrncbi( @L5 Ohlfgihh !>4.*

Dhi`njb( Eijjni ljc Il`kjj Giijlj* ^kysa kj sai `lrbnjv nj Jkrsairj Nrihljc( Ijbhljc( ljc Ygrlnji * Iyrk}ilj

Ekyrjlh kd Vkfnlh Rkrg? !?===.

Dkyflyhs( @nfaih* V}lfi( Gjkhicbi( ljc ]kir* Nj Sai Dkyflyhs _ilcir* Ic* ]lyh _lonjk* Ji ^krg5 ]ljsaikj

!13.*

Bnhoirs( @ihnvvl _* Ncijsns~( cnddirijfi( ljc sai bikbrl}aniv kd krgnjb }kkr kìjv vyrtntlh vsrlsibniv* Nj Bijcirnjb

sai Fns~5 Rkìj( Okyjclrniv( ljc Tnvnkjv kd Yrolj Hndi* Ic* L* @nrljji ljc L* ^kyjb* Hljal`( @C5 _k`lj

ljc Hnsshiihc !?===.*Bnjs~( _kbir @lf( Krhl @yhckkj( ljc Jinh Dirbyvkj* Jk lr( jk }ilfi5 Jkrsairj Nrihljc ldsir sai lbriiìjs* ]khnsnflh

]v~fakhkb~ < !?==2.*

Bksal`( Gitnj D* ?==6* Sklrc lj yjcirvsljcnjb kd sai v}lsnlhns~ kd yrolj }ktirs~5 sai yrolj }kkr lv v}lsnlh lfskrv* Nj-

sirjlsnkjlh Ekyrjlh kd Yrolj ljc _ibnkjlh _ivilrfa ?2 !?==6.*

Alnj( Vn kji* Vsrybbhi dkr sai njjir fns~ l }hlj oifk iv l cifhlrlsnkj kd lr* Nj Yrolj ]hljjnjb ljc Fyhsyrlh Njfhyvnkj5

Hivvkjv drk` Oihdlvs ljc Oirhnj* Ic* Rnhhnl` E*T* Jinhh ljc Aljjv-Yti Vfaichir* Olvnjbvskgi ljc Ji ^krg5

]lhbrlti !?==. fknjic sanv sir`( crlnjb kj saikrniv krnbnjlhh~ ijyjfnlsic o~ sai Drijfa vkfnkhkbnvs @nfaih @lddivkhn*


12/13

@fBrihhnv( Vaiijl* ]yri ljc onssir v}lfiv5 bijcir( ncijsns~ ljc sirrnskr~ nj Jkrsairj Nrnva ^kysa srljvnsnkjv* Bijcir ljc

Icyflsnkj 9 !?==9l.*

@fBrihhnv( Vaiijl* ]yvanjb sai okyjclrniv nj Jkrsairj Nrihljc5 ~kyjb }ik}hi( tnkhijfi( ljc vifslrnljnv * Fkjsi`}krlr~

]khnsnfv < !?==9o.*

@yhckkj( Krhl ljc Glrij Sri( Eijjndir Skcc( Jlsalhni _kybnir( ljc Glsrnjl @fHlybahnj* _ihnbnkyv ljc jlsnkjlh ncijsns~

ldsir sai Bkkc Drncl~ Lbriiìjs"* ]khnsnflh ]v~fakhkb~ < !?==2.*

@yrslba( Orijclj ljc Glrij Giltiji~* ]khnf~ ljc fkjnfs srljvdkr`lsnkj nj sai isajkfrlsnf fns~* V}lfi ljc ]khnf~ ?

!?==4.*

Jinhh( Rnhhnl` E*T* @i`kr~( v}lsnlh }hljjnjb ljc sai fkjvsryfsnkj kd fyhsyrlh ncijsns~ nj Oihdlvs ljc Oirhnj lj ktirtni*

Nj Yrolj ]hljjnjb ljc Fyhsyrlh Njfhyvnkj5 Hivvkjv drk` Oihdlvs ljc Oirhnj* Ic* Rnhhnl` E*T* Jinhh ljc Aljjv-

Yti Vfaichir* Olvnjbvskgi ljc Ji ^krg5 ]lhbrlti !?==2.*

Rinjunirh( _y}irs ljc Cltnc @ybbhiskj* Rals nv }kvs-vyofyhsyrlh vsycniv lj~l~; Nj Sai ]kvs-Vyofyhsyriv _ilcir*

Ic* Cltnc @ybbhiskj ljc _y}irs Rinjunirh* Kqdkrc ljc Ji ^krg5 Oirb !?==6.*

Lokys sai Lysakr

]rkd* Cltnc Crnvvih

Cltnc Crnvvih nv lj lvvkfnlsi }rkdivvkr kd vkfnlh vfnijfiv ls Nkl Fijsrlh Fk``yjns~ Fkhhibi nj Dkrs Ckcbi(

Nkl* Anv yjcirbrlcylsi krg njfhycic l ckyohi-`lekr nj }khnsnflh vfnijfi ljc vkfnkhkb~ ljc anv brlcylsi

vsycniv dkfyvic kj fk`}lrlsnti }khnsnfv( njsirjlsnkjlh rihlsnkjv( ljc vkfnlh faljbi ljc citihk}ìjs* _ivilrfa

njsirivsv njfhyci sai bhkolh }khnsnfv kd Njsirjis bktirjljfi( srljvjlsnkjlh vkfnlh `ktiìjsv( }kvs-fk `yjnvs+}kvs-

vkfnlhnvs fkyjsrniv nj srljvnsnkj( fk`}ysir-ìcnlsic fk``yjnflsnkj ljc vkfnis~( ~kysa vyofyhsyriv ljc vkfnlh

citnljfi( ljc sai ysnhnulsnkj kd njsirlfsnti ìcnl ljc }k}yhlr fyhsyri nj `konhnunjb vkfnlh jiskrgv* ]rkdivvkr

Crnvvih nv l sk-snì Dyhornbas Vfakhlr ak alv vsycnic iqsijvntih~ nj Fanjl ljc sai Fuifa+Vhktlg _i}yohnfv(

l`kjb `lj~ ksair fkyjsrniv* Ai nv lj lhy`jyv kd sai Kqdkrc !Yjntirvns~. _kyjcslohi nj Brils Ornslnj( airi

ai }rivijsic l }l}ir kj Njsirjis bktirjljfi* L dri|yijs v}ilgir ljc fkjdirijfi }lrsnfn}ljs( ai alv alc vitirlh

}l}irv }yohnvaic nj tlrnkyv lflci`nf ekyrjlhv ljc fk`}nhlsnkjv*

SAI NJSI_JLSNKJLH EKY_JLH KD CNTI_VNS^ NJ K_BLJNVLSNKJV( FK@@YJNSNIV LJC

JLSNKJV( TKHY@I 2


13/13

SAI NJSI_JLSNKJLH EKY_JLH KD CNTI_VNS^ NJ K_BLJNVLSNKJV( FK@@YJNSNIV

LJC JLSNKJV

ICNSK_V

@lr~ Glhljsunv( Yjntirvns~ kd Nhhnjknv( Yroljl-Fal`}lnbj( YVL*

]lyh Elìv( _@NS Yjntirvns~( Lyvsrlhnl

ICNSK_NLH LCTNVK_^ OKL_CNij Ljb( Yjntirvns~ kd Rivsirj V~cji~( Lyvsrlhnl*Vl`yih Lrkjn( Yjntirvns~ kd Flhndkrjnl( Hkv Ljbihiv( YVL*Cylji Fal`}lbji( Yjntirvns~ kd Flhndkrjnl( Hkv Ljbihiv( YVL*Bykvaijb ^* Faij( _@NS Yjntirvns~( @ihokyrji( Lyvsrlhnl*Ekfg Fkhhnjv( Yjntirvns~ kd Sifajkhkb~( V~cji~( Lyvsrlhnl*Onhh Fk}i( Yjntirvns~ kd Nhhnjknv( Yroljl-Fal`}lnbj( YVL*Ailsair @lrnkjC"Fryu( Cilgnj Yjntirvns~( Biihkjb( Lyvsrlhnl*

Elìv Ilrh~( V`nsavkjnlj Njvsnsysnkj( Rlvanjbskj( CF( YVL*Cijnvi Ibl-Gyiaji( Hkynvnljl Vslsi Yjntirvns~( Olskj _kybi( YVL*L`lrivlr Blhhl( Lyvsrlhnlj Jlsnkjlh Yjntirvns~( Fljoirrl( Lyvsrlhnl*Olrr~ Bnhhv( Yjntirvns~ kd Jiflvshi( YG*Elfgni Aybbnjv( Yjntirvns~ kd \yiijvhljc( Lyvsrlhnl*Ljcri Elgyoknfu( Yjntirvns~ kd Sifajkhkb~( V~cji~( Lyvsrlhnl*Al Enjbqnkjb( Fijsrlh Yjntirvns~ kd Jlsnkjlhnsniv( Oinenjb( Fanjl*]isir @fHlrij( Yjntirvns~ kd Flhndkrjnl( Hkv Ljbihiv( YVL*Eki @ihfair( Qltnir Yjntirvns~ kd Hkynvnljl( Ji Krhiljv( YVL*Brib @i~eiv( Vkhnclrnv Njsirfyhsyrlh Virtnfiv H*H*F( Dlhhv Fayrfa( TL( YVL*Rlhsir @nbjkhk( Cygi Yjntirvns~( YVL*Orijclj K"Hilr~( Yjntirvns~ kd ]ijjv~htljnl( YVL*Lnal Kjb( Yjntirvns~ kd Flhndkrjnl( Oirgihi~( YVL*]isir ]an}}v( _@NS Yjntirvns~( @ihokyrji( Lyvsrlhnl*

_kjlhc ]rnjv( @ljlbnjb Cnrifskr( Okv ij Hk`ìr Jinbaokyrakkc Fkyjfnh( Sai Jisairhljcv*]isir Vihhlrv( Sailsri( K}irl ljc Dnh` Cnrifskr*@nfalih Val}nrk( Yjntirvns~ kd Alln"n( YVL*Cltnc V* Vnhtir`lj( Tlhhi~ Fns~ Vslsi Yjntirvns~( Jkrsa Clgksl( YVL*@lrsnej D*I* Vsibbi( Cntirvns~ ]hlsdkr`( Fns~ kd L`vsircl`( Sai Jisairhljcv*Bikdd Vskgiv( Njvsnsysi dkr Fnsnuijvan} ljc Bhkolhnvlsnkj( Cilgnj Yjntirvns~( @ihokyrji( Lyvsrlhnl*Sirr~ Sarilcbkhc( Flrcndd Yjntirvns~( Rlhiv( YG*

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Kijv Rnl( Ldrnflj Ijtnrkjìjslh ljc Ay`lj Citihk}ìjs Lbijf~( Skrkjsk( Fljlcl*

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]yohnvanjb Lbriiìjs

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urban schism, social strains: exploring the collective identities of youth in contemporary belfast

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