urban renaissance-report

7/24/2019 Urban Renaissance-Report

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/urban-renaissance-report 1/19

Rfen | 6

^TDFK TNKFH\\FKLN RIFKKHKE?

Rrnpfrn` cmr

4262



Rfen | 4

LJFRPNT 6 ? FK HKPTM@^LPHMK

Hk Nkeifk`, ùrhke 68tj lnktury juen pmpuifthmk ermwtj rnsuitn` hk tjn knlnsshty mc

duhi`hke knw jmushke tm fllmggm`ftn tjn nxpim`hke pmpuifthmk ermwtj. Pjhs slnkfrhmin` tm tjn `ndftn mc lmkstrulthke knw jmusns vnrsus prmtnlthke fnstjnthl nkvhrmkgnkt fk`

lmktfhk urdfk sprfwi. Tnsnfrlj frmuk` tjn thgn mc tjhs `ndftn jfs sjmwk tjft tjn fkth -

urdfk snkthgnkts fk` `nshrns cmr ihvhke hk tjn rurfi frnfs wnrn strmkenr hk tjn smlhnty

(^TDN@, 6888). Nqufiiy tjnrn wfs f strmkenr fsphrfthmk cmr prmtnlthke nkvhrmkgnkt,

ernnkchni` dy duhi`hke jhej nkshty jmushke frnfs fk` nvnimpgnkts hk tjn drmwkchni` shtns

hc knlnssfry (Rmpuifr Jmushke Cmrug, 688:). Pjn ‚Kfthmkfi vhnw‘ mc `nvnimpgnkt hk tjn

drmwkchni` `rmvn tjn Â emvnrkgnkt‘s strftney tm `nvnimpgnkt mc >2% drmwkchni`

`nvnimpgnkt fk` rn-usn fk` lut tjn knw jmusnjmi` lmkstrulthmks tm <.: ghiihmk dy tjn

ynfr 6883 tm 4246 (@NPT, 6888).

Pjn fdmvn gnkthmkn` slnkfrhms rnsuitn` hk nstfdihsjgnkt mc ^rdfk Pfsa Cmrln in` dy Imr

Tmenrs mc Thvnrsh`n tm stu`y (Lfrgmkf, 4226). Pjn gfhk lmklnrk mc tjn rdfk Pfsa Cmrln

wfs kmt tm f``rnss tjn prmdings mc lmkstrulthke tjn knw jmusns fk` chk`hke tjn imlfthmk

cmr nvnimpgnkt, dut tm h`nkthcy tjn any hssuns mc urdfk ntnrhmrfthmk fk` imke tnrg urdfk

`nlihkn (Tnefk, 4222) fk` tm prmpmsn any rnsmiuthmks fk` flthmk pifks tm rnvhtfihzn tjn

wjmin fppnfrfkln mc tjn lhthns fk` tmwks hk Nkeifk` gfahke tjng h`nfi pifln cmr tjn

pnmpin tm gmvn dfla (Fddmtt nt fi., 4222). Pjn wjmin lmklnpt mc urdfk `nvnimpgnkt

pmrtrfyn` hk tjn rnpmrt mc rdfk Pfsa Cmrln- ‚Pmwfr`s fk urdfk rnkfhssfkln‘ wfs cmuk`n`

mk tjn fspnlts mc `nshek nxlniinkln, nkvhrmkgnktfi sustfhkfdhihty, smlhfi-wniidnhke whtjhk

tjn cnfshdin nlmkmghl fk` inehsifthvn lmktnxt gnnthke hts lmgghtgnkts tmwfr`s

nkvhrmkgnkt hk fii tjn `nvnimpgnkts (@urfkt nt fi., 4220, ^rdfk Pfsa Cmrln, 688:).

^rdfk rnkfhssfkln hk tjn Â fs `ntfhin` hk tjn rnpmrt- ‚Pmwfr`s tjn urdfk rnkfhssfkln‘,

nkvhshmks tjn sustfhkfdin `nvnimpgnkt mc lhthns fk` tmwks hk Nkeifk`, gust dn hk f wfy

tjft ht uk`nrihkns tjn any tjngns sulj fs

6. Hgprmvhke tjn rnlylihke ncchlhnkly mc ifk` lmklurrnktiy `nvnimphke dnttnr fk`

fnstjnthl qufihty nkvhrmkgnkt tm fttfhk tjn sustfhkfdin `nvnimpgnkt whtjhk tjn

lhthns fk` tmwks (Fiihksmk, 422>) (Lfrgmkf, 4226).

4.

Lrnfthke f ljfken hk tjn pudihl pnrlnpthmk rhvhke tjn ljfken mc knefthvn tm pmshthvnftthtu`n tmwfr`s urdfk nkvhrmkgnkts fk` qufihty mc ihcn (^rdfk Pfsa Cmrln, 422>).



Rfen | <

<. @nvnimpgnkt fk` rn-hkvnstgnkt hk nkvhrmkgnktfi, smlhfi-nlmkmghl

hkcrfstrulturns.

Pjnsn any tjngns frn cmuk`n` mk tjn lmgdhkn` prhklhpins mc

6. @nshek nxlniinkln

4. Nlmkmghl stfdhihty

<. Nkvhrmkgnktfi `nvnimpgnkt f` sustfhkfdhihty

0. \mlhfi-wniidnhke

6.6 Pjn `rhvn mc \ustfhkfdin urdfk rnkfhssfkln hk Â? ^rdfk Gfifhsn fk` pudihl

ftthtu`n mc urdfk ihcn.

Mkn mc tjn gfomr rhvhke cfltmrs dnjhk` tjn lmklnpt mc urdfk rnenknrfthmk wfs tjn knn` mc

tjn knn` mc jmushke `nvnimpgnkt. Fitjmuej tjn fsphrfthmk mc ernnkchni` prmtnlthmk fk`

drmwkchni` nvnimpgnkt wfs strmke, fkth-urdfk snkthgnkts gfhkiy rmvn tjn gherfthmk mc

pnmpin tm rurfi frnfs fwfy crmg tjn lhthns rnsuithke hk `hifph`fthmk mc tmwks fk` lhthns.

Pjnrn frn gfky `rhvhke cfltmrs mc tjn fdmvn sfh` fkth-urdfk snkthgnkts, fk` h`nkthcyhke

tjn rmmt lfusns mc tjhs wfs tjn gfhk hktnkthmk mc ^rdfk Pfsa Cmrln (^TDN@, 6888)

Pjnrn frn vfrhmus rnfsmks cmr urdfk gfifhsn fk` `ntnrhmrfthmk. Hkùstrhfihzfthmk jf` fgfran` nccnlt mk pmmr nkvhrmkgnktfi lmk`hthmks hk tjn lhthns fk` tmwks fk` lhthns (^rdfk

Pfsa Cmrln, 6888). ^rdfk Pfsa Cmrln wjnk stu`hn` 42 `hccnrnkt frnfs hk \mutj Nkeifk`

h`nkthchn` gfky gfomr rnfsmks mc urdfk nlihkn fk` pnmpin‘s ftthtu`n mc gmvhke fwfy crmg

tjn lhty. Gfomr prmdings h`nkthchn` hk tjhs rnpmrt wnrn juen nxpimhtfthmk mc kfturfi

rnsmurlns, nkvhrmkgnktfi pmiiuthmk (wftnr, fhr, fk` smuk`), ùn tm hktnkshvn lfr usn

(@urfkt nt fi., 4220). Hklrnfsn` fllnssns tm lfr trfkspmrt jfvn fism lrnftn` shekhchlfkt

hgpflt lmktrhduthmk tm nkvhrmkgnktfi pmiiuthmk (JG Emvt, 68801 @mN fk` @mP, 6880).

Hk f rnsnfrlj survny dy tjn emvnrkgnkt‘s Lmuktrysh`n Lmgghsshmk, >0% mc fii fùits hk

tjn stu`y frnf wfktn` tm ihvn hk rurfi sntthke wjhin mkiy 3% wmui` prncnr f jmgn hk tjn

hkknr lhty (\ljmmk, 4226). Pjnsn slnkfrhms strmkeiy rhvnk tjn knn` mc urdfk rnenknrfthmk

pifks tm dn prmghknkt hk Nkeifk` gfahke lhthns dnfuthcui piflns cmr tjn pnmpin ihvn hk

(Ujhin, 4223).

Pfdin 6? Sfrhmus sheks mc urdfk rnkfhssfkln fk` Gfifhsn h nkthchn` whtjhk tjn urdfk

`nvnimpgnktfi lmktnxt



Rfen | 0

\murln? Lfrgmkf, (4226).

6.4 Nkvhrmkgnktfi gfkfengnkt fspnlts mc urdfk rnenknrfthmk

Pjnrn frn gfky nkvhrmkgnktfi gfkfengnkt lmklnpts frn tm dn imman` hk `ntfhis tm

uk`nrstfk` tjn fspnlt mc sustfhkfdin rnenknrfthmk. Pjn gfomr cfltmrs sulj rnfihsthl usn mc

kfturfi rnsmurln usfen tjrmuej rnlylihke, hgprmvn` dhm`hvnrshty frnfs, pfras, mpnk spflns



Rfen | >

uk`nriyhke tjn lmklnpt mc nshek nxlniinkln, rnùln` nknrey fk` wftnr usfens, dnttnr wfstn

gfkfengnkt prmlnùrns, lmktrmiihke pmiiuthmk ntl. frn fism pifln` ft tjn lnktnr mc

sustfhkfdin urdfk rnenknrfthmk.

Prfkspmrt ihns ft tjn jnfrt mc urdfk rnenknrfthmk. @nshekhke ncchlhnktiy tjn trfkspmrt

systng sulj tjft ht ehvn prhmrhty tm wfiahke, lylihke fk` pudihl trfkspmrt1 fk` pudihl

trfkspmrt lmkknlthke lhty lnktnrs whtj strmke sud-lnktnrs, kmk-pmiiuthke gmtmr trfkspmrt

ntl. Pjnsn frn tjn linfr strftnehns mc sustfhkfdin nvnimpgnkt mc urdfk frnfs nvnimpn` fk`

`hslussn` hk tjn lmktnxt mc nkvhrmkgnktfi gfkfengnkt dy ^rdfk Pfsa Cmrln (@fvh`smk,

688>, p.S). Pjnsn any strftnehns frn dfsn` mk tjn prhklhpins mc urdfk rnenknrfthmk. Pfdin 4

`ngmkstrftns any strftnehns fk` prhklhpins hk`hlfthke tjn `nvnimpgnkt fk`

hgpingnktfthmk mc sustfhkfdin urdfk `nvnimpgnkt

@N\HEK NZLNIINKLN

Vufihty mc `nshek mc jmgns fk` hkcrfstrulturns uk`nrihkhke tjn knn`s mc nknrey ncchlhnkly

jmushke, hktnkshchlfthmk, `nvnimpgnkt mc pfras fk` mpnk spflns, prmtnlthke mc tjn ernnk

strulturns fk` prhmrhthzhke drmwkchni` `nvnimpgnkt fk` dhm`hvnrshty. Nstfdihsjhke

lmkknlthmks dntwnnk jmusns, omds fk` imlfi snrvhlns nklmurfehke wfiahke fk` pudihl

trfkspmrt (Lfrgmkf, 4226).

NKSHTMKGNKPFI LMGGHPGNKP

Uhtjhk tjn knw urdfk nvnimpgnkt, tjn cmiimwhke nkvhrmkgnktfi cfltmrs frn knn`n` tm dn

lmksh`nrn` hk `ntfhi tm fiimw tjn dnst prflthlns mc sustfhkfdin rnenknrfthmk

DHM@HSNT\HPX

Hgpmrtfkt lmksh`nrfthmks jfvn tm dn ehvnk ùrhke lmkstrulthmk fk` `nvnimpgnkt mchkcrfstrulturns fk` duhi`hkes, lmggukhty frnfs sulj fs pfras fk` mpnk spflns sulj tjft ht

hs kmt lfushke tjn nxthklthmk mc spnlhns fk` `nstrulthmk mc dhm`hvnrshty. Flthvhthns sulj fs

`ncmrnstfthmk fk` ernnkchni` `nvnimpgnkt sjmui` kmt dn nklmurfen` (Jfjs nt fi , 4228).

Dnttnr nkvhrmkgnktfi prflthlns jfvn tm dn nklmurfen` tm prnsnrvn imw invni dhm`hvnrshty

fk` pftljns mc vnentfthmk fk` wftnr (Dryfk nt fi , 4225).

T KMCC



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^rdfk rukmcc fk` wfsj mcc mc rmf`s fk` mtjnr pmiiutfkts hktm rhvnr, rfhks fk` wftnr lmursn

frn fism gfhk prmding wjhlj hs knn`n` tm dn f``rnssn`. Fdsnkln mc ernnkchni` dnlfusn mc

nxtnkshvn `nvnimpgnkt, prnsnkln mc jfr` surcflns, ifla mc spflns tm lmktfhk tjn rfhkcfii

wftnr fk` ifla mc prmpnr ljfkkni tm cflhihtftn tjn pfssfen mc rfhkcfii tm wftnr lmursn, frn

gfhkiy rnspmkshdin cmr tjn wh`n hgpflts lfusn` dy tjn ruk-mccs (\uk`frfg, 4262).

\ustfhkfdin ^rdfk @rfhkfen systngs (\^@\), ernnk rmmcs frn hgpmrtfkt lmksh`nrfthmks

whtjhk tjn urdfk rnenknrfthmk tm f``rnss tjn cimm`hke, ruk-mccs fk` pmiiuthmk. Ht fism

nksurns tjn prnsnrvfthmk fk` dimmghke mc dhm`hvnrshty whtjhk tjn urdfk snttingnkt (Cfrg,

422:).

RMII^PHMK

F`nquftn nkvhrmkgnktfi gfkfengnkt prmlnùrns frn knn`n` tm dn tfank hk pifln tm

gfkfen wftnr, fhr fk` smuk` pmiiuthmk. Gfkfehke tjn wftnr `ngfk` fk` suppiy tm

cflhihtftn tjn dnttnr uthihzfthmk mc rnsmurlns, rfhkwftnr jfrvnsthke systng, trnftgnkt

cflhihthns tm `nlmktfghkftn pmiiutfkts frn fism hgpmrtfkt lmksh`nrfthmks. (Cuifzzfay,

4228).

NKNTEX

Nkvhrmkgnktfi gfkfengnkt prmlnùrns frn tm dn lmksh`nrn` whtjhk tjn knw nvnimpgnkt

tm tjft nklmgpfssns `hccnrnkt fspnlts mc nknrey lmksnrvfthmk, rnenknrfthmk fk` rnùlhke

`npnk`nkln cmsshi cunis. Hkstfiifthmk mc rnknwfdin nknrey enknrfthmk gntjm`s sulj

pjmtmvmitfhl lniis fk` smifr pfknis, whk` nknrey fk` mtjnr cmrgs mc rnknwfdin nknrey gust

dn nklmurfen`. @nvnimpgnkt mc pmihlhns fk` chkfklhfi hkcrfstrulturns tm nklmurfen tjn

hkvnstgnkt hk sustfhkfdin nknrey snltmr hs fism hgpmrtfkt (^kfk`nr, 422>).

^rdfk Pfsa Cmrln hk 6888 h`nkthchn` vfrhmus urdfk fk` puii cfltmrs nklmurfehke tjn

rnkfhssfkln fism `rhvhke tjn pudihl ftthtu`n tmwfr`s ihvhke lhthns mr rurfi frnfs. Pfdin <

`ngmkstrftns tjnsn puii cfltmrs `rhvhke tjn rnenknrfthmk

Pfdin 4? Any strftnehns fk` prhklhpins hk`hlfthke tjn nvnimpgnkt fk` hgpingnktfthmk

mc sustfhkfdin urdfk nvnimpgnkt



Rfen | 5

\murln? Lfrgmkf, (4226).

Pfdin <? Pjn gfomr puiihke cfltmrs mc urdfk fk` sudurdfk `nvnimpgnkt fk` rnimlfthmk



Rfen | :

\murln? Durtmk nt fi., (688:).

Ljfptnr 4? Lfsn \tu`hns mc \ustfhkfdi n rdfk

Tnenknrft hmk- Rrmernssns fk` Cifws

Pjn shekhchlfkt ljfken tjn urdfk rnkfhssfkln jfs lmktrhdutn` tm tjn urdfk frnf

`nvnimpgnkt hs tjn wfy mc nshek mc tjn lhthns fk` tmwks nvmivhke frmuk` tjn any prhklhpins

mc sustfhkfdin rnenknrfthmk. Fitjmuej tjn sustfhkfdin hk`hlftmrs, strftnehns, pmihlhns frn

`nvnimpn` tm nklmurfen tjn urdfk rnenknrfthmk flthvhthns, tjnrn jfs dnnk lnrtfhk

`nvnimpgnktfi prmlnssns hk lhthns ihan Gfkljnstnr, Dhrghkejfg, Imk`mk @mla frnfs,

nxjhdhtn` pmmr invni mc sustfhkfdhihty (Ruktnr, 4262). Pjn lfsn stu`hns rnprnsnktn` jnrn frn

jfvhke tjn pmshthvn fk` knefthvn `nvnimpgnktfi slnkfrhms hk tnrgs mc fljhnvhke

sustfhkfdhihty.

Fljhnvhke sustfhkfdhihty hs f jmihsthl prmlnss mc f``rnsshke vfrhmus nkvhrmkgnktfi, smlhm-

nlmkmghl `nvnimpgnkts fk` hssuns wjhlj frn nifdmrftn` nfrihnr hk tjn nssfy.

^kcmrtukftniy tjnrn frn km rnenknrfthmk prmonlts whtjhk Nkeifk` wjhlj lmvnrn` fii mc tjnsustfhkfdin rnenknrfthmk any fspnlts (). Gfky mc tjn rnenknrfthmk prmonlts whtjhk A nvnk

wjnk trhn` tm lmvnr tjn `hccnrnkt fspnlt mc urdfk rnenknrfthmk fspnlts, gmst mc tjng wnrn

rnsuitn` hk dnimw pfr sullnss. (). Pjn flthmk pifks mc `nvnimpgnkt frn `hccnrnkt cmr lhthns

tm lhthns fk` prmonlts tm prmonlts. Ht jfs dnnk ngpjfshzn` dy `nshek mrhnktn` `nvnimpgnkt

mdsnrvn` hk lhthns ihan Lfg`nk, Kmtthkejfg, Unstghkstnr fk` N`hkdurej (Ruktnr, 4262).

Pjn sfgn `nshek lmktrmi nvnimpgnkt wfs mdsnrvn` hk lhthns ihan Gfkljnstnr fk` Lhty mc

Imk`mk fism wjnrnfs lhthns sulj fs Dhrghkejfg, Inn`s wnrn jfvhke tjn `nvnimpgnktfi



Rfen | 8

ermuk`s mc nlmkmghl dfsn` rnkfhssfkln(^kswmrtj, 4225) Pjn sfgn smrt mc `nvnimpgnkt

wfs mdsnrvn` hk lhthns ihan Eifsemw, Ihvnrpmmi fk` \jncchni`(Dftty, 4223).

Tnenknrfthmk mc tjn Imk`mk @mlaifk`s

Pjn Imk`mk @mlaifk`s @nvnimpgnkt Lmrpmrfthmk

Dy tjn gh` mc 68tj lnktury Imk`mk turkn` mut dn mkn mc tjn lhthns hk tjn wmri` tjft cfln`

snrhmus prmdings `un tm ukrneuiftn` fk` rfph` nxpfkshmk rnsuitn` hk `ntnrhmrfthmk fk`

`nrnihlthmk mc gfky mc tjn `mlas fk` gfky mc tjn `mlas wnrn fdfk`mkn`. Pm h`nkthcy tjn

rnfsmks mc `hifph`fthmk fk` rnenknrfthmk mc @mlaifk`s hk Imk`mk f lmgghttnn akmwk fs

Imk`mk @mlaifk`s @nvnimpgnkt Lmrpmrfthmk (I@@L) wfs cmrgn` hk 68:6.

Pjn gfhk ljfrfltnrhsthl prmdings hk tjn Hsin mc @mes hk 68:6

@nlihkn hk tjn pmpuifthmk, nlmkmghl lrhshs, imss mc ngpimygnkt `un tm nlihkn mc

`mlaifk`s

Fllnss tm rngfhkhke pfrts mc Imk`mk dnlfgn pmmr whtj uk`nr`nvnimpn` fk`

`nstrultn` rmf`s whtj jnfvy lmkensthmks, trfcchl prmdings fk` ifla mc pudihl

trfkspmrt

Gmrn tjfk 8> % mc tjn duhi`hkes hk tjn frnf wfs tnrrfln` whtj pmmr duhi` qufihty

fk` wnrn jhej rhsn

http://cgz.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cgz/accounts/staff/rchambers/GeoBytes%20GCSE%20Blog%20Resources/Images/Settlement/gallery_Urban_settlement_London_Docklands_1994_IDMLON29.jpg



Rfen | 62

Ifla mc sjmpphke piflns, mpnk spflns fk` ernnknrhns

Rfrtknrs mc Tnenknrfthmk Rifk

Fimke whtj I@@L, kfthmkfi emvnrkgnkt, prmpnrty `nvnimpnrs, imlfi jmushke

fssmlhfthmk, Knwjfg Lmuklhi fk` Lmksnrvfthmk ermup wnrn hkvmivn` hk tjnrnenknrfthmk pifk.

Ljfkens jfppnkn` dntwnnk 68:6 - 688:

Nkvhrmkgnktfi Tnenknrfthmk

6. Nstfdihsjgnkt mc pfvngnkts fk` pn`nstrhfk drh`ens fk` wfys tm nklmurfen

pn`nstrhfks fk` lylinrs tjrmuej tjn rhvnrsh`n frnfs fk` `nvnimpgnkt mc `mla n`en

wftnrsh`n wfiawfy 4. lmkstrulthmk mc knw mpnk ernnk spflns mc 6>2jf <. @nvnimpgnkt mc wftnr dfsn` nlmimey pfra fk` Dhr` sfkltufry ft Nfst Hk`hf @mla.

Pjn frnf hs ljfrfltnrhzn` dy

- Uftnr dfsn` Nlmimey Rfra fk` Imk`mk's chrst dhr` sfkltufry ft Nfst Hk`hf @mla

Dfshk - mkn mc 65 lmksnrvfthmk frnfs snt up

- pifkthke mc 422,222 trnns1

- tjn frnf jfs kmw rnlnhvn` gfky fwfr`s cmr frljhtnlturn, lmksnrvfthmk fk`

ifk`slfphke

Nlmkmghl Tnenknrfthmk

http://cgz.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cgz/accounts/staff/rchambers/GeoBytes%20GCSE%20Blog%20Resources/Images/Settlement/gallery_Urban_settlement_Impressions_of_London_JPRaudDugalDOCKS-1.jpg



Rfen | 66

-

ukngpimygnkt jf` cfiink crmg 60% tm 5.0 whtj f `mudihke hk ngpimygnkt fk`

kugdnrs mc dushknssns1

- trfkspmrt rnvmiuthmk - mpnkhke mc tjn @mlaifk`s Ihejt Tfhiwfy hk 68:5 - kmw

lfrryhke <>,222 pfssnkenrs f wnna1

- £5.5 dhiihmk hk prhvftn snlmtr hkvnstgnkt- 4,522 dushknssns trf`hke

- gfomr knw rmf`s hkliu`hke ihka tm tjn G66

- Duhi`hke mc tjn Lhty Fhrpmrt hk tjn cmrgnr Tmyfi @mlas (>22,222+ pfssnkenrs f

ynfr)

- fttrflthmk mc chkfklhfi fk` jhej-tnlj chrgs,

- PS stu`hms fk` knwspfpnrs sulj fs Pjn Eufr`hfk kmw jfvn mcchlns hk tjn

prnsthehmus Lfkfry Ujfrc dushknss lmgpinx.

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Rfen | 64

\mlhfi Ljfkens

- £62 ghiihmk spnkt mk hgprmvngnkt lmuklhi fk` jmushke fssmlhfthmk jmgns

- f tmtfi mc 44,222 knw jmgns duhit (gfhkiy prhvftn mwknrsjhp whtj fpprmx 68%

cmr rnkt)

- lmkvnrshmk fk` enktrhchlfthmk mc mi wfrnjmusns tm knw jmgns

- Knw sjmpphke lnktrn duhit - hkliu`hke 0,322sq gntrns Fs`f \upnrstmrn fk`

rncurdhsjgnkt mc sjmpphke pfrf`ns - fism hkliu`n` trfkscmrgfthmk mc mi` mlaifk`

duhi`hkes hktm sjmpphke mutints (n.e. Pmdfllm @mla)

- Ifren knw sjmpphke lnktrn ft Lfkfry Ujfrc whtj mvnr <2 sjmps

- gfky rnstfurfkts, puds fk` lfcns duhit

- @mlaifk`s \fhihke fk` Uftnrspmrts Lnktrn

- £622 ghiihmk spnkt mk jnfitj, n`ulfthmk, omd trfhkhke ntl.

http://cgz.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cgz/accounts/staff/rchambers/GeoBytes%20GCSE%20Blog%20Resources/Images/Settlement/Tobacoo_Docks_IMurray.jpg



Rfen | 6<

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Pjnrn wnrn lrhthlhsgs tjft `nsphtn tjn hgprmvngnkts gfky mc tjnsn `h`k't dnkncht

tjn mrhehkfi 'nfstnk`nrs' - lihla mk tjn pjmtm mppmshtn tm snn smgn mc tjn 'fkth-

I@@L' erfcchth.

- gfky imlfis wnrn ukfdin tm fccmr` tjn jhej lmsts mc tjn knw nxpnkshvn jmusns /

cifts (sthii f ifla mc imw-lmst jmushke hk tjn frnf).

- `nsphtn fk hklrnfsn hk omds whtj knw dushknssns lmghke hk, gmst rnquhrn` sahiis

tjft tjn mi` `mlanrs `h` kmt jfvn1- rn`ulthmk hk lmggukhty sphrht tjft tjn mi` @mlaifk`s jf` - whtj tjn 'yupphn'

knwlmgnrs kmt ghxhke whtj tjn nfstnk`nrs.

http://cgz.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cgz/accounts/staff/rchambers/GeoBytes%20GCSE%20Blog%20Resources/Images/Settlement/AntiLDDCmessages_IanMurray.jpg



Rfen | 60

Ihvnrpmmi fk` Gfkljnstnr Tnenknrft hmk Rrmonlt

Hk Ihvnrpmmi rnenknrfthmk prmonlt hk 4224 wfs ljfrfltnrhzn` dy mpnk strnnt rntfhi prmonlt,

hktnrlmkknlthke tjn pn`nstrhfk strnnts mc tjn lhty Lnktrn. @nvnimpgnkts sulj fs Jhej

Vufihty strnnts, tmwk spflns fk` ernnk spflns fk` mpnk spflns, knfr tm lfr pfrahke frnfs,

rnlrnfthmkfi frnfs, fiimwhke tjn lmgguthke vhf lylins fk` wfiahke (Ruktnr, 4262) (Cheurn

6). Gfkljnstnr, tjn duhit nkvhrmkgnkt whtj fgpin mpnk spfln cmr tjn pudihl fk` fism trnns

mk tjn sh`n spflns. Dmtj lhthns, pfrt mc tjn urdfk rnkfhssfkln `nshek jfs dnnk prmvnk whtj

ernft rnsuits mc f`vfktfens (Nvfks, 4225).

\murln “ Ruktnr, (4262).



Rfen | 6>

Cheurn 4 “ Gfkljnstnr

\murln “ Ruktnr, Rifkkhke fk` emm` `nshek? hk`hvhshdin mr hkvhshdin= 4262



Rfen | 63

\ustfhkfdin urdfk nvnimpgnkt hk Inn`s, Â

Fk mvnrvhnw mc tjn lfsn stu`y

Nfst Dfka urdfk rnenknrfthmk frnf mc Inn`s hs fk :0-jnltfrn shtn imlftn` tm tjn smutj nfst

mc tjn lhty Lnktrn, snn cheurns 6 fk` 4. Mutsh`n Imk`mk, Inn`s jfs tjn gmst `hvnrsn

nlmkmgy fk` gmst gfkucflturhke omds hk tjn lmuktry (Inn`s Lhty Lmuklhi, 422<). @nsphtn

tjn nlmkmghl sullnss mc tjn lhty gfky frnfs dfrn tjn jfiigfras mc f pmst-hkùstrhfi lhty1

mkn hk chvn pnmpin wjm ihvn hk Inn`s sthii ihvn hk knhejdmrjmm`s tjft frn fgmkest tjn wmrst

62% hk tjn lmuktry (tjn Inn`s hkhthfthvn, 422>).

Pjn Nfst Dfka frnf wfs mkn sulj frnf tfrentn` cmr urdfk rnenknrfthmk. Dntwnnk 6883 fk`

422< tjn frnf uk`nrwnkt f 5-ynfr \hkein Tnenknrfthmk Duènt Tmuk` 4 (\TD4) prmonlt

gfkfen` dy Tnknw. Cheurn < prmvh`ns hkcmrgfthmk fdmut Tnknw fk` tjn Nfst Dfka

Rrmonlt.

Mk gnfsurhke tjn sustfhkfdhihty invni mc urdfk prmonlt ht sjmwn` tjft, tjnrn frn smgn invnis

sustfhkfdhihty pmmriy gfkfen` fk` hssuns frn hgprmpnriy f``rnssn`. Pjnsn gfhkiy hkliu n

nkvhrmkgnktfi fspnlt mc wfstn gfkfengnkt, wftnr gfkfengnkt fk` rnsmurln

gfkfengnkt. Nknrey ncchlhnkly fssmlhftn` whtj tjn duhi`hke wfs fism cmuk` tm dn imw.

Pjn hgpmrtfkln mc prmpnr nkvhrmkgnktfi gfkfengnkt prmlnùrn whtj tjn prmspnlt mc

fljhnvhke sustfhkfdhihty wfs fism cmuk` tm dn vnry shekhchlfkt fs tjn pnrcmrgfkln hk`hlftmrs

wnrn vnry imw. Ht wfs lmgpmuk` dy tjn hk-ncchlhnkt jmusn jmi` wfstn `hspmsfi.



Rfen | 65



Rfen | 6:

Nvnk tjmuej tjn nkvhrmkgnktfi nshek fk` duhi` hk tnrgs mc trfvni nshek, trfkspmrt, mpnk

spflns, prmpnr rnsh`nkthfi `nvnimpgnkts ntl. wnrn emm`1 ht wfs oust fdmvn pfr, infvhke tjnncchlhnkly mc rnenknrfthmk prflthlns hk rnvhtfihzhke tjn lmklnpt mc sustfhkfdhihty. Cheurn >?

\jmws tjn rnprnsnktfthmk mc Rnrcmrgfkln hk`hlftmrs mc urdfk rnenknrfthmk hk Inn`s.



Rfen | 68

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