Urban Land ModelsUrban Land Models

AP Human GeographyRussellville High School

What do we always say What do we always say about models?about models?

This is a modelIs this what real

women look like?It’s the same

way with models in geography…

Geography models are simply representations of the built environment

What do we always say What do we always say about models?about models?

Most importantly – they are just modelsModels only represent patterns in

spaceThe landscape does NOT look exactly

like the modelModels are thus representations of the

landscape to help better understand patterns

Three Classic Urban Models

Other Urban Models

Burgess Concentric Zone Burgess Concentric Zone ModelModel

http://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/leas/barnet/accounts/migration/web/Land%20Use/documents/burgess-re-done.jpghttp://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/leas/barnet/accounts/migration/web/Land%20Use/documents/burgess-re-done.jpg

Characteristics of Concentric Characteristics of Concentric ZoneZone

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Burgessen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Burgess

Burgess studied 1920s Chicago to make this model

5 concentric zones Burgess suggested

that immigrants lived in inner zones which caused affluent residents to move farther out

Invasion and Succession

Concentric Zone’s weakness is that it does not allow for change in the city

Concentric Zone does not allow for physical geographic barriers

Or, how about this? Or, how about this? Pg. 411 RubensteinPg. 411 Rubenstein

Applying the ModelsApplying the ModelsLook at the map (figure 13-7) of Dallas

on Page 413 of Rubenstein for Concentric Zone

Look at the map (figure 13-8) of Dallas on Page 413 of Rubenstein for Sector Model

Look at the map (figure 13-9) of Dallas on Page 414 of Rubenstein for Multiple Nuclei

Compare with Dallas map on Page 422

Does this really work on the Does this really work on the landscape?landscape?

Hoyt Sector ModelHoyt Sector Model

Hoyt Sector ModelHoyt Sector Model Late 1930s Answered the drawbacks

of Burgess Model Hoyt said growth

created pie-shaped urban structure

Hoyt said his pie-shaped zones could reach from the Core (CBD) to the edge of the city (e.g. low rent sector 3 from CBD to outskirt of city)

Sector Model says that the CBD is not as important as Burgess indicated

Sectors were developed along transport routes (e.g. highways, RRs, etc.)

Or, how about this?Or, how about this?Pg. 411 RubensteinPg. 411 Rubenstein

Harris & Ullman – Multiple Harris & Ullman – Multiple NucleiNucleihttp://cronodon.com/PlanetTech/Cities_Structure.htmlhttp://cronodon.com/PlanetTech/Cities_Structure.html

Multiple NucleiMultiple Nuclei

1940s Harris & Ullman

hypothesized the CBD was further losing its dominance

CBD no longer the nucleus of the modern city, thus emergence of ‘nuclei’

Reflects decentralization and then re-nucleation of urban functions

Nuclei are disconnected and do not necessarily rely on each other

Or, how about this?Or, how about this?Pg. 412 RubensteinPg. 412 Rubenstein

Let’s look at all three nowLet’s look at all three nowwww.csiss.orgwww.csiss.org

Urban Realms ModelUrban Realms Modelwww.csiss.orgwww.csiss.org

Hartshorn and Mueller

1980sModeled after

cities like Atlanta and Los Angeles

Further metamorphosis of multiple nuclei

World City ModelsWorld City Models

Latin American City Latin American City ModelModel

http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=96http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=96

World City ModelsWorld City Models

Southeast Asian City Model Southeast Asian City Model

http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=90http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=90

World City Models World City Models

African City ModelAfrican City Model

Favela in Rio de JanieroFavela in Rio de Janierohttp://getmobetter.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/the-real-rio/http://getmobetter.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/the-real-rio/

Slums, Squatter Settlements Slums, Squatter Settlements in Nairobi, Kenyain Nairobi, Kenya

http://www.nowpublic.com/environment/nairobis-slumshttp://www.nowpublic.com/environment/nairobis-slums

Urban Issues – Segregation – Urban Issues – Segregation – Where are Cubs and White Where are Cubs and White Sox fans?Sox fans?http://www.thechicago77.com/2009/01/chicago-is-americas-most-segregated-city/http://www.thechicago77.com/2009/01/chicago-is-americas-most-segregated-city/

CITYSCAPES – What are they?

ChicagoChicago

SeattleSeattle

St. LouisSt. Louis

ShanghaiShanghai

LondonLondon

New York CityNew York City

ParisParis

AthensAthens

Urban TermsUrban TermsRank-Size RuleBedroom

CommunitiesSense of PlaceIn-fill or In-fillingCovenantsZoningNIMBYRevitalizationGentrification

DINKCommodificationBlockbustingRedliningOther Side of the

TracksTenements/Row

Houses/Brownstones

White FlightEdge CitiesMegalopolis

Another way to keep “those Another way to keep “those people” outpeople” outZoningTransportation geography –

creating highways, rails as buffers between racial areas

Suburbs – property valuesCreation of parks to block

developmentDeerfield, IL case study

Let’s look at all three nowLet’s look at all three now