urban geography spatial development of towns/citiesspatial development of towns/cities variations...
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Urban GeographyUrban Geography
• Spatial development of towns/citiesSpatial development of towns/cities
• Variations between citiesVariations between cities
• Variations within citiesVariations within cities
UrbanismUrbanism
• Way of lifeWay of life
• Attitudes/valuesAttitudes/values
• Patterns of behaviorPatterns of behavior
Cities as engineof growth
• Mobilizing functions
• Decision-making
functions
• Generative
functions
• Transformative
functions
Urban system
• Interdependent set of cities in a region
• Urbanization generated by elites
• Tribute/taxes flow into elite, developing center
The Medieval City in Europe (450 to 1300)
Dark Ages breakdown in order;Medieval Age centered on Catholic Church;
Defensive structures, walls;Cities not growing
Other European city characteristics
Plazas
High density
Low skyline
Lively downtown
Neighborhood stability
Symbolism
Good municipal services
Trade City• Merchant capitalism emerges 1400s-1500s;
Gradually replaces feudalism
• Mediterranean Sea ports
• Baltic/North Sea ports (Hanseatic League)
Colonial City• Established as colonial commercial or administrative center
Associated with particular resource(coffee, gold, cacao, etc.)
Often a port
Primate cities
• Primary, largest city (usually capital) much larger than others in country
London, Paris, Mexico City, Cairo
GatewayCity
Link (door) to another countryor region because of location
Hong Kong (China-world)
Buffalo (U.S.-Canada)
World cities• Disproportionate share of global cultural influence
• “Where world’s business is done”
• Imperial capitals became corporate centers
Urban Morphology in the U.S.1. Walking City2. Electric Streetcar Era3. Early Automobile Era4. Freeway Era
Suburbs building into natural areas,Suburbs building into natural areas,and paying the consequencesand paying the consequences
CentralPlace Theory
Explaining the relativesize /function of urban centers asa function ofeconomic behavior
Range:Maximum distancebuyer will travel
Threshold:Minimum market size
Rank-Size Rule (U.S.)
• 2nd largest city 1/2 size of 1st
• 3rd largest city 1/3 size of 1st…..etc. etc.
• Philadelphia ranked 5th, 1/5th of NY
• Regional centers – Denver, Atlanta, Chicago, etc.
Hinterland• Area within economic “orbit” of a major regional center
• Economic flows toward big city;– Cultural influence from big city
• NW Wisconsin hinterland of Twin Cities
• Southern Wisconsin hinterland of Chicago