URANIUM ENRICHMENT BY LASER METHOD

- A Selected Bibliography -

Gheorghe VĂSARU

National Institute for Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca

Aleea Tarniţa Nr. 7, Apt. 11

400659 CLUJ-NAPOCA , ROMANIA

e-mail: gvasaru@hotmail.com

Abstract:

This selected bibliography contains a comprehensive compilation of references

from the scientific and technical literature on the laser isotope separation of uranium.

The references are arranged chronologically according to the leading author and

structured on the following chapters:

A. Laser Method: Physical, Technical and Economical Aspects

B. Uranium Spectroscopy

C. Lasers

D. Laser-Atom Interactions

E. Thermal Properties of Uranium

Key Words: Uranium Enrichment, Laser Isotope Separation, Bibliography.

----&&&&----

A. Laser Method: Physical, Technical and Economical Aspects

1. * * * Proceedings of the Enrichment Services Seminar, Report ORO-665, Nov. 1968

2. M. Benedict, S.S. Berman, J. Bigeleisen, J.E. Powell, J. Shacter, P.R. Vanstrum:

Report of Uranium Isotope Separation Review Ad Hoc Committee, Oak Ridge, June,

1972

3. C. B. Moore: The Applications of Lasers to Isotope Separation, Accounts of Chem.

Res, 6, 323, 1973

4. B.B. Snavely: Separation of Uranium Isotopes by Laser Photochemistry, Preprint

UCRL-75725, LLL, June 11, 1974

5. W.D. Metz: Uranium Enrichment: Laser Methods Nearing Full-Scale Test, Science,

185, 4151, 602, 1974

6. * * * Laser Isotope Enrichment, Spectra-Physics Laser Review 2, 3, 1, 1975

7. C.P. Robinson, R.J. Jensen: Isotope Separation by Lasers, Report LA-UR-75-1877

and Encyclopaedia Britannica, LASL, USERDA, 1975

8. * * * Enrichment – New Processes but Higher Prices, Nucl. Eng. Int. 20, 231, 576,

1975

9. * * * Urananreicherung – Prognosen, Prozesse, Planungen, Atomwirtschaft / Atom-

technik, 20, 5, 259, 1975

10. B.B. Snavely, R.W. Solarz: Separation of Uranium Isotopes by Selective

Photoionization, Laser Spectroscopy, 43 Proc. Second Intl. Conf. Megeve, France,

June 23-27, 1975, S. Baroche et al., Eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1975

11. R.C. Stern, B.B. Snavely: The Laser Isotope Separation Program at Lawrence

Livermore Laboratory, Preprint UCRL-76720, SP 75-62, LLL, April 9, 1975

12. A. Hartford: Laser Isotope Separation of Uranium, Preprint UCRL-76601, SP 75-71,

LLL, April 15, 1975

13. S.A. Tuccio, R.J. Foley, J.W. Dubrin, O. Krikorian: Macroscopic Isotope Separation

of Uranium by Selective Photoionization, Preprint UCRL-76829, LLL, April 29,

1975

14. P. Rigny, R. Bir: Separation des isotpes de l’uranium par laser, BIST 204, p. 61,

CEA, June 1975

15. * * * Uranium Isotope Separation – Proceedings, International Conf. on Uranium

Isotope Separation, London, 5-7 March 1975, British Nuclear Energy Society,

London, 1976

16. C. Lebrun, M. Mezin: La separation isotopique, La Recherche, 7, 71, 823, 1976

17. J.I. Davis, R.W. Davis: Some Aspects of the Laser Isotope Separation Program at

Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Preprint UCRL – 77981, LLL, Nov. 15, 1976

18. E. Stark Jr.: Solution Looking for a Problem: Laser Isotope Separation, Ind. Res., p.

78, Oct. 1976

19. * * * Nuclear Power and Its Fuel Cycle, Technical Session 2.3: Isotope Separation,

Proc. of an International Conference, Salzburg, 2-13, May 1977, The Nuclear Fuel

Cycle, Vol. 3, Part 2, IAEA, Vienna, 1977

20. A.S. Krass: Laser Enrichment of Uranium: The Proliferation Connection, Science,

196, 721, 1977

21. R.N. Zare: Laser Separation of Isotopes, Scientific American, 236, 2, 86, Febr.1977

22. Ph. Mathieu: Techniques de separation des isotopes de l’uranium par lasers, Coll.

Publications Faculte des sciences appliquees, Univ. Liege, No. 65, p. 136, 1977

23. P. Rigny: La separation isotopique par laser, Sciences et Techniques, No. 40, Mars

1977

24. K. Yamad, N. Ozaki, M. Yamamoto, K. Ueyanagi, Optimum Operating Conditions

for a Laser Uranium Enrichment Plant, Applied Energy, 3, 287, 1977

25. W. Ehrfeld, U. Ehrfeld: Uranistopentrennung, Chemiker Zeitung, 101, 53, 1977

26. H.D.V. Bohm: Isotopentrennung von 235

U und 238

U im Atomstrahl mit selektiver

zweistufiger Photoionisation, Report GKSS 77/E/39, Hamburg University, 1977

27. S. Villani, Ed.: Uranium Enrichment, Chap. 6: Laser Methods of Uranium Isotope

Separation (by C.P. Robinson and R.J. Jensen), Topics in Applied Physics, vol. 35,

269, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1979

28. M.C. Frejacques: Le CEA fournisseur de procedes d’enrichissement, Echos du CEA,

1, 15, 1979

29. J.W. Leonhardt, G. Muller: Neue Aspekte de Uranisotopentrennung, Kernenergie, 22,

5, 149, 1979

30. R.G. Harrison: Separating Isotopes by Lasers, Phys. Bull., 30, 259, 1979

31. R.J. Jense, J.A. Sullivan, F.T. Finch: Laser Isotope Separation, Report LA-UR-79-

2727, LASL, 1979

32. J.H. Coates: L’enrichissement isotopique de l’uranium, CEA Notes d’information, 6,

3, 1980

33. K. Oshima: The Status and Future Perspective of Uranium Enrichment in Japan, , Int.

Conf. On the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Amsterdam, Sept. 15, 1980

34. W. Ehrfeld, U. Ehrfeld: 2.4: Anreicherung von 235

U; 2.4.8: Photoselektive

Isotopentrennung durch Laserstrahlung, Gmelin Handbuch der anorganischen

Chemie, U Erganzungsband A2 Isotope, p. 134, 1980

35. * * * INFCE – Enrichment Availability, Report of Working Group 2, IAEA, Vienna,

1980

36. C. Frejacques: Progres recents en chimie nucleaire: Fotochimie selective par laser,

Institut de France, C.R. Academie des Sciences 292, Supplement, 6 Oct. 1980

37. G. Mainfray: L’ionisation multiphotonique des atoms, Echos CEA, Science et

recherche, Special 1980, p. 59, 1980

38. P. Benetti, M. Broglia, F. Catoni, P. Zampetti: Atomic Uranium Laser Isotope

Separation, Energia nucleare, 27, 3, 151, 1980

39. J.I. Davis: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Preprint UCRL–83516, Febr.

1980

40. * * * Report of the Energy Research Advisory Board Study Group on Advanced

Isotope Separation,DOE/NMB-3012771, Nov. 1980

41. * * * Nuclear Engineering for an Uncertain Future, K. Oshima, Y. Mishima, Y.

Ando Eds., Univ. of Tokyo Press, p. 71, 1981

42. M. Clerc: Procede d’enrichissement de l’uranium par lasers, AIEA “Le cycle du

combutible nucleaire”, 1-30 Sept., 1981, Module 2 – Debut de cyclce, 2.9, CEA,

CEN. Saclay, 1981

43. M. Stuke: Isotopentrennung mit Laserlicht, Spektrum der Wiss, p. 76, April 1982

44. C. Ungureanu, V. Mercea, V. Cosma: Separarea izotopica prin excitare selectiva

laser, Rev. Chimie, Bucharest, 33, 4, 391, 1982

45. D. Massignon: Genie nucleaire: Cycle de combustible – Enrichissement de

l’uranium, Techniques de l’ingenieur, Paris France, Fiche B 3600, 1982

46. J.I. Davis: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Preprint UCRL – 88040, LLNL,

Oct. 1982

47. * * * Report of the Energy Research Advisory Board on Advanced Isotope

Separation, USDOE, May, 1982

45. R.J. Jensen, O. P.Judd, J.A. Sullivan: Separating Isotopes with Lasers, Los Alamos

Science, 3, 1, 2, 1982.

46. G. Meyer-Kretschmer, H. Jetter: Uran-Anreicherung mit Lasern, Naturwiss., 70, 7, 1983

47. P. Rigny: Separation isotopiques – nouveau procedes, 2, 12, Ete 1984

48. A.Y. Portnoff: Uranium enrichi: la bataille des procedes, Techniques, 8, 35, 1984

49 J.I. Davis: Laser Isotope Program – Background, IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, QE-

20, 6, 597, 1984

50. * * * Laser Applications – Isotope Separation, Report LLL-TB-067, LLNL, 1984

51. * * * Business Development Opportunity in Laser Applications : Isotope Separation,

Report LLL-TB-068, LLNL, 1984

52. S. Villani: Progress in Uranium Enrichment, Naturwiss., 71, 115, 1984

53. * * * AVLIS Industrial Access Program, Report UCID-20160, Nov. 1984

54. * * * AVLIS Documentation Overview and Tables of Contents, Report UCID-20180,

Nov. 1984

55. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Project Management Plan, Report UCID- 20189, Nov.

1984

56. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Work Breakdown Structure and Dictionary, Report

UCID-201190, Nov. 1984

57. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Project Schedule and Milestones, Report UCID-

20191, Nov. 1984

58. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Preliminary Quality Assurance Plan and Assessment,

Report UCID-20196, Nov. 1984

59. * * * AVLIS Production Plant Waste Management Plan, Report UCID-20197, Nov.

1984

60. M. Clerc, P. Rigny, O. de Witte: Separation isotopique par laser, Le laser, H. Maillet

Ed., p. 197, CEN Saclay, 1984

61. G. Văsaru: Uranium and Nuclear Power, Priorities in the Field of Energy, Series

Vol. II, p.104, I. Ursu, Ed.), Dacia Press, Cluj-Napoca, 1984.

62. R.C. Stern, J.A. Paisner: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Preprint UCRL-

93584, Nov. 1985

63. J.I. Davis, J.A. Paisner: Science, Technology, and the Industrialization of Laser-

Driven Processes: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Report UCID-20448,

LLNL, May 1985

64. L.L. Ott: Enriched Diagnostic System (EDS) Operator and Control Software,

Preprint UCRL-92089, LLNL, April 1985

65. * * * Access to Laser Isotope Separation, Report LLL-TB-70, LLNL, 1985

66. * * * AVLIS – Advanced Enrichment Technology of the United States, Report LLL-

TB-072, LLNL, 1985

67. P. Rigny: Le reenrichissement de l’uranium de retraitement, Journee SFEN “Le

recyclage dans les reacteurs a eau sous pression”, p. 24, CEN Saclay, 15 Oct. 1985

68. P. Rigny: Present and Prospective Situation in Laser Isotope Separation: Will the

FEL be Needed?, Nucl. Instr. & Methods in Physics Res. A239, 432, 1985

69. * * * Separative Work, NUKEM Market Report 6, p. 6, 1985

70. M.Clerc, P.Rigny: Physique des procedes de separation des isotopes de l'uranium par

laser, Rev. Gen. de Nucleaire (France), 6, 513, 1985

71. W. de Rutter: La separation isotopique par laser, La Recherche, 162, 32, Jan. 1985

72. H. Mohrhauer, M. Krey: Urananreicherung und Konversion, Kerntechnik – Der

internationale Markt, Deutsche Atomforum, URANIT GmbH, Okt. 1985,

73. C.B. Hitz: Laser Enrichment of Uranium, Lasers & Applications, p. 105, Sept. 1985

74. * * * British Look to Laser Enrichment of Uranium, Res. & Dev., p. 41, Nov. 1986

75. R. Kuchelka: Uranium Enrichment – the Situation Hitherto and Possible Effects of

the Decision by the US Dept. of Energy on the Sole Further Development of AVLIS,

Braunkohle 38, 1-2, 10, 1986

76. J.I.Davis, M.L. Spaeth: AVLIS : A Technical and Economic Forecast, Preprint

UCRL-94272, April, 1986

77. * * * SILVA – Enrichissement de l’uranium par laser, CEA, Mai, 1986

78. M. Clerc, P. Plurien: Advanced Uranium Enrichment Processes, CEC, Nuclear

Science and Technology, Report EUR 10743 EN, Brussels, June 1986

79. K. Takeuchi, H. Tashiro: Uranium Enrichment by Lasers, Radioisotopes, 35, 6, 333,

1986

80. A.Petit: Principes de base du procede SILVA, Cours sur l'enrichissement de l'uranium

par le procede SILVA, p.1, CEA, IRDI, DESICP, CEN Saclay, Oct. 1986.

81. A. Pouris: The Future Cost of Uranium Enrichment. Technology and Economics,

Energy Policy, p. 558, Dec. 1986

82. J.H. Coates: L’enrichissement de l’uranium, quel future?, Clefs CEA, 2, 17, 1986

83. R.S. Hargrove, J.B. Knighton, R.S. Eby, J.H. Pashley, R.E. Norman: Integration of

the AVLIS Process into the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Preprint UCRL-95079, August 1986

84. H.G. Tolland: Advanced Enrichment Technologies, Atom, 359, 2, Sept. 1986

85. B. Comaskey, J. Crane, G. Erbert, C. Haynan, M. Johnson, J. Morris, J. Paisner, R.

Solarz, W. Worden: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Using Resonance

Ionization, Preprint UCRL-95020, LLNL, Sept. 1986

86. Cours sur l’enrichissement de l’uranium par le procede SILVA. I. Principes de base

du procede SILVA (par A. Petit); II Les lasers du procede SILVA et leur mise en

oeuvre (par M. Clerc); III. Presentation du separateur et evocation des problemes

technologiques du procede SILVA (par E. Bails), CEA, IRDI, DESICP, Oct. 1986

87. V.S. Crocker, P.F.P. Roberts: UK Laser isotope separation, Atom, 363, 2, Jan. 1987

88. * * * Laser Isotope Separation Research, Report UCI-21182, Sept. 1987, reprinted

from Energy & Technology Rev., July 1987

89. J.R. Lomgenecker, N. Haberman: The AVLIS Programme, Nucl. Technol. Intl, ,

Sterling Publ. Ltd., p. 99, 1987

90.Soubbaramayer: Physical Aspects of the Isotope Separation by Laser Induced

Selective Ionization (with Emphasis on Model Analysis), Report CEA-Conf-9309,

July, 1987, CEN-Saclay, IRDI, DESICP, DPC-SPP-SPAP, Febr. 1998

91. J.A.Paisner: Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Applied Physics B 46, 253,

1988.

92. P.G. Sewell N. Haberman: AVLIS Programme Powers Ahead in United States, Nucl.

Eng. Intl., p. 17, Oct. 1988

93. C. Whitehead: An Up-Date on the British Laser Isotope Separation Programme, Intl.

Enrichment Conference, Monterey, California, June 18, 1989

94. P. Plurien: AVLIS Technology - Principal Advantages and Problems, Technical

Reports Series No. 305, Nuclear Fuel Cycle in the 1990’s an Beyond the Century:

Some Trends and Foreseeable Problems, p. 55, IAEA, Vienna, 1989

95. C. Whitehead: Uranium Enrichment for Nuclear Power, Chemistry in Britain, p.

1161, Dec. 1990

96. P.T. Greenland: Laser Isotope Separation, Contemporary Physics, 31, 6, 405, 1990

97. K. Katoh, A. Suzuki: Coherent Population Trapping in Four-Photon Three-Step

Ionization Scheme, J. Nuclear Sci. & Technol., 27, 6, 554, 1990

98. P. Rigny: R & D Update on SILVA French Laser Enrichment Process, Nuclear

Europe Worldscan, 3-4, 11, 1990

99. Xu Bao-yu: Laser Isotope Separation of Uranium by Three Susequent Resonance

Excitation Process, Chines Sci. Bull. 36, 1, 21, 1991

100. G. Văsaru, C. Ungureanu: Isotope Separation by Laser Method, Proc of the Third

Natl. Conf. on Lasers Applications, Sept. 26-28, 1991, Timisoara, p. 85.

101. * * * Proceedings of the International Symposium on Isotope Separation and

Chemical Exchange Uranium Enrichment, Oct.29 - Nov.1, 1990, Y. Fujii, T. Ishida,

K.Takeuchi, Eds. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 199o, Chapter 2, p. 99

and Chapter 4, p. 229, 1992.

102. * * * Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Third Workshop Proceedings,

Houston G. Wood Ed., Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, 1992, pp. 77; 87; 99; 151;

189,

Charlottesville, Virginia, 1992

103. S. Goldstein, F.Lambert, Y. Lapierre: L’enrichissement de l’uranium plusieurs axes

de recherche, Clefs CEA, 26, 26, 1993

104. K. Moore: Caution and Over capacity in the Enrichment Market, Atom , 431, 34,

1993.

105. * * * SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 1859, Laser Isotope Separation, J.A. Paisner Ed.,

LLNL, Los Angeles, CA, 1993, pp. 2; 14; 38; 64; 69; 79; 86; 98; 108; 117; 120; 130;

145; 154; 172; 182; 194; 251; 263; 273; 277, Los Angeles, CA., 1993

106. P. Jelinek, M. Lenders: Uranium Enrichment Services in the United States,

Atomwirtschaft, p. 502, July 1994

107. * * * Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Fourth Workshop Proceedings,

Chuntong Ying Ed., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, P.R. China, 1994, pp. 1; 7; 15; 31; 41;

45; 65; 73, Beijing, China

108. K. Moore: Will Uranium Market heed the Call for More from Mines, Atom, 437, 32,

1995

109. * * * Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, AVLIS Overview, USEC, 1995

110. * * * 1996 AVLIS Program Acievements, USEC, 1996

111. * * * Advantages of U-AVLIS, USEC ,1996

112. * * * Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Fifth Workshop Proceedings, C.

Schwab, N.A.S. Rodrigues, Houston G. Wood, Eds. Foz do Iguacu, Brasil, 1996, pp.

213; 222; 241; 254; 263; 270; 278; 288; 290; 305; 317; 348, INPE; Foz de Iguacu,

Brasil, 1996

113. J. Longenecker, R. Witzel: Uranium Enrichment. A Market in Transition, Fuel

Review 1996: Enrichment Market, p. 15, Sept. 1996

114. R. Baudrillart, M. Alexandre, G. Bordier, A. Rosengard: Un exemple d’actinide dand

tous ses etats, Clefs CEA, 31, 14, 1996

115. N. Camarcat: Histoire de la recherche sur l’enrichissement au CEA, RGN, 2, 9, 1996

116. Y. Lapierre, P. Zeller: Le procede moleculaire d’enrichissement de l’uranium, RGN,

2, 18, 1996

117. J. Cazalet: Le procede atomique SILVA, RGN 2, 20, 1996

118. Y. Coupin: Les enjeux actuels et les defis pour emain de l’enrichissement de

l’uranium, RGN, 2, 24, 1996

119. I. Hore-Lacy: Nuclear Electricity, 4th Edition, UIC, Melbourne, Australia, 1997

120. Mr. Sauzay: AVLIS Process: COGEMA’s Point of View, International Nuclear Fuel

Seminar, Saclay, No. 7, March 9-20, 1997

121. * * * Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation, Report UCRL-ID-109089-94,

122. G. Văsaru: Uranium Isotopic Enrichment in the Perspective of the Years 2000-2010,

National Seminar on Public Information on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy “NUC

Info ’98 Proceedings, 30th

Sept – 2nd

Oct. 1998, Bucharest, Romania, Volume 2,

Paper 18, Bucharest, 1998

123. * * * Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Sixth Workshop Proceedings,

Nagoya, Oct. 18-21, 1998, I. Yamamoto Ed., Nagoya Univ, Japan, 1998, pp. 190;

191; 213; 231; 246; 250; 258; 266; 279; 286; 298; 310, Nagoya, Japan, 1998

124. * * * International Conference on Stable Isotopes and Isotope Effects, Carry le

Rouet, France, June 20-25, 1999, Book of Abstracts, E. Soulie, E. Roth, Eds., p.

B02, Carry le Rouet, 1999

125. I. Hore-Lacy: Nuclear Electricity, 5th Edition, UIC, Melbourne, Australia, 1999

126. * * * Military Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel, Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper

4, UIC, Melbourne, Australia, April, 1999

127. * * * Cronology of the Megatons to Megawatts Contract (as of Oct. 10, 1999),

USEC, 1999

128. B. Szymanski: U.S. Enriched Market, EIA, DOE, 12, 29, 1999

129. G. Văsaru, Uranium Enriched Market After 2000, Separation Phenomena in Liquids

and Gases, Seventh Workshop Proceedings, V.D. Borisevich Ed., Moscow State

Eng. Physics Institute (Technical University), p. 243, Moscow 2000.

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5027 Å Line in UI, Optics Comm. 20, 2, 269, 1977

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29. P. Benetti, M. Broglia, F. Catoni, P. Zampetti: Separazione isotopica dell’uranio

mediante laser: aspetti spettroscopici, Report CNEN-RT/FI(80)19, 1980

30. B.A. Palmer, R.A. Keller, R.Engleman, Jr.: An Atlas of Uranium Emission

Intensities in a Hollow Cathode Discharge, Report LA-8251-MS, LASL, July, 1980

31. Hao-Lin Chen, C. Borzileri: Laser Induced Fluorescence Studies of UII produced by

Photoionization of Uranium, J Chem. Phys, 74, 11, 6063, 1981

32. A. Coste, R. Avril, P. Blancard, J. Chatelet, D. Lambert, J. Legre: New Spectroscopic

Data on High-lying Excited Levels of Atomic Uranium, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 72, 1, 103,

1982

33. H.M. Crosswhite:The Spectrum of UI, U II, U V, U VI, Gmelin Handbuch “Uran

A5” 1982

34. C. Dreze, Y. Demers, J.M. Gagne: Mechanistic Study of the Optogalvanic Effect in a

Hollow-Cathode Discharge, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 72, 1, 912, 1982

35. T. Arizawa, Y. Maruyama, Y. Suzuki, Y. Naruse: The Influence of the Laser Line

Width on the Selectivity in Laser Isotope Separation, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 16,

2415, 1983

36. M. Broglia, F. Catoni, P. Zampetti: Optogalvanic Detection of Uranium High-lying

Levels, J. de Physique, Colloque C7, Suppl. No. 11, Tome 44, p. C7-251, Nov. 1983

37. J.M. Gagne, Y. Demers, P. Pianarosa, C. Dreze: Effet optogalvanique dans une

decharge a cathode creuse: Mecanisme et dosage isotopique de l’uranium, J. de

Physique, Colloque C7, Suppl. No. 11, Tome 44, p. C7-355, Nov. 1983

38. M. Broglia, F. Catoni, P. Zampetti: Temporal Behaviour of the Optogalvanic Signal

in a Hollow Cathode Lamp, J. de Physique, Colloque C7, Suppl. No. 11, Tome 44, p.

C7-479, Nov. 1983

39. J.G. Conway, E.F. Worden, J.W. Brault, R.P. Hubbard, J.J. Wagner: Uranium

Spectrum between 1.8 and 5.5 microns Emitted from a Hollow Cathode, Atomic Data

and Nuclear Data Tables, 31, 299, 1984

40. J.G. Conway, E.F. Worden: Isotope Shift of Uranium in the Infrared Region between

1817 and 5598 cm-1

, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1, 788, 1984

41. R. Avril, M. Labachellerie, F. Viala, A. Petit: The Hyperfine Structure of 2 and 4 eV

Levels in Uranium, J. Less-Common, Metals, 122, 47, 1986

42. Y. Demers, J.M. Gagne, C. Dreze, P. Pianarosa: Hyperfine Structure Measurements

on Some 235

U Levels by Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 3,

1678, 1986

43. C.C. Ghizoni, W. de Lima, M.G. Destro: Espectroscopia do atomo de uranio atraves

de deteccao optogalvanica, Report IEAv-01/86 (Set 86), Istituto de estudos

avancados, Sao Paulo, Brasil, 1986

44. M. Miller: Basic Concepts in Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Radiation Chemistry:

Principles and Applications, VCH Publishers, Inc., 1986

45. E. Langlois, J.M. Gagne: Optogalvanic Detection of the Zeeman Effect in a Hollow-

Cathode Discharge, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 4, 7, 1222, 1987

46. J.A. Paisner, R.W. Solarz: Resonance Photoionization Spectroscopy, Laser

Spectroscopy and Its Applications, L.J. Radziemski, R.W. Solarz, J.A. Paisner, Eds.,

Chap. 3., p. 175, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987

47. V.S. Letokhov: Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy, Academic Press, Inc., 1987

48. J.L. Lyman: Laser-Induced Molecular Dissociation. Applications in Isotope

Separation and Related Phenomena, Laser Spectroscopy and Its Applications, L.J.

Radziemski, R.W. Solarz, J.A. Paisner, Eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., Chap. 7, p. 417,

New York, 1987

49. R. Avril, J. Ebrardt, A. Petit, F.Viala, E. Vors: The Spectroscopy of Uranium Atom

within the “SILVA” Program, J. de Physique, Colloque C7, Soppl. No. 12, Tome 48,

p. C7-691, ec. 1987

50. A.C. La Fontaine: Study of Low-Temperature Uranium Plasmas not within Local

Thermodynamical Equilibrium, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 20, 6649, 1987

51. B.M. Suri, K. Dasgupta, P.N. Bajaj, K.G. Manohar, R. Talukdar, P.K. Chakraborti,

P.R.K. Rao: Observation of New High-lying Odd Levels of U I in a Two-Color

Multiphoton Ionization Spectrum, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B., 4, 11, 1835, 1987

52. V.K. Mago, B. Lal, A.K. Ray, P.R.K. Rao, S.D. Sharma: Single-Color

Photoionization Studies in Uranium I, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 20, 6531, 1987

53. V.K. Mago, B. Lal, A.K. Ray, R. Kapoor, S.D. Sharma, P.R.K. Rao: Two-Color

Three-Step Photoionization of Uranium, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 20, 6021, 1987

54. S.A. Ahmad, P.M. Rao, B.N. Jagatap: Energy Levels, Isotope Shifts, Hyperfine

Structures, Lifetimes, Transition Probabilities and Other Spectroscopic Parameters of

Neutral Uranium Atom – Update 1987, Report B.A.R.C – 1413, Bombay, India,

1988

55. V.K. Mago, A.K. Ray, B. Lal, P.R.K. Rao: Study of High-lying Odd Levels in U I by

Two-Color Photoionization, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 21, 955, 1988

56. P.N. Bajaj, K.G. Manohar, B.M. Suri, K. Dasgupta, R. Talukdar, P.K. Chakraborti,

P.R.K. Rao: Two-Color Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy of Uranium from a

Metastable State, Appl. Phys. B 47, 55, 1988

57. K.N. Piyakis, J.M. Gagne: Simple Method for Identifying Doubly Ionized Uranium

(U III) Produced in a Hollow-Cathode Discharge, Optics Letters, 13, 3, 198, 1988

58. K. N. Piyakis, J.M. Gagne: Optogalvanic Study of Double Ionized Uranium (U III) in

a Hollow-Cathode Discharge, J. Opt. Soc. Am.B, 6, 1, 7, 1989

59. K.N. Piyakis, J.M. Gagne: Optogalvanic Measurement of Isotope Shifts of Doubly

Ionized Uranium (U III) made using Natural-U Samples, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 6, 12,

2289, 1989

60. L.W. Green, F.C. Sopchyshyn: Quantification of Uranium Isotopes by Multiphoton

Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, Intl. J. Mass Spectrometry and Ion

Processes, 89, 81, 1989

61. N.C. Handy: The Calculation of Vibrational Energy Levels by Semiclassical and

Quantum Methodology: A Review, Int. Reviews in Phys. Chem., 8, 4, 275, 1989

62. R. Bruzzese, A. Sasso, S. Solimeno: Multiphoton Excitation and Ionization of Atoms

and Molecules, La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento, 12, 7, 1, 1989

63. S.C. Foster, T.A. Miller: The Spectroscopy of Transient Species in Supersonic Free

Jet Expansions, Laser Applications in Physical Chemistry, D.K. Evans, Ed., Chap, 7,

p. 307, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1989

64. H. F. Arnoldus, T.F. George, K.S. Lam, J.F. Scipione, P.L. Devries, J.M. Yuan:

Recent Progress in the Theory of Laser-Assisted Collisions, Laser Applications in

Physical Chemistry, D.K. Evans, Ed., Chap. 8, p. 329, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New

York, 1989

65. I. Martinson: The Spectroscopy of Highly Ionized Atoms, Rep. Prog. Phys., 52, 157,

1989

66. D.N. Stacey, K. Burnett: High-resolution Spectroscopy of Atoms, Sci. Prog., Oxf. 73,

351, 1989

67. A.K. Ray, V.K. Mago, B. Lal, P.R.K. Rao: New Odd-Parity Rydberg and

Autoionization Levels in Uranium I, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 7, 2, 145, 1990

68. P.T. Greenland, D.N. Travis, D.J.H. Wort: Resonant Ionization Polarization

Spectroscopy in Uranium, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 23, 2945, 1990

69. R.A Naumann: Electrical and Inertial Parameters for Th, U, Pu Isotopes, Hyperfine

Interactions 59, 113, 1990

70. J.M. Gagne, A. Briand, T. Berthoud, K.N. Piyakis: Thermal Photoionization in

Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy, Appl. Phys. B 50, 29, 1990

71. K. Dittrich, R. Wennrich: Laser Vaporization in Atomic Spectroscopy: Sample

Introduction in Atomic Spectrsocopy, J. Sneddon, Ed., Chap. 5, p. 107, Elsevier, 1990

72. Jia Liejuan, Jing Chunyang, Lin Fucheng: Hyperfine Structure Measurements of 235

U

High-lying Levels Using a Hollow-Cathod Lamp, Chinese Phys. Lett., 8, 4, 172,

1991

73. M.G. Destro, C. Schwab, P.C. Cruz, A. Scalabrin, D. Pereira, A. Mirage: Utilizacao

de espectroscopia optogalvanica intermodulada em medidas de desvio isotopico e

estrutura hiperfina do uranio, Rev. de Fisica Aplicada e Instrum., 7, 2, 64, 1992

74. F.C. Cruz, A. Scalabrin, D. Pereira, M.G. Destro, C. Schwab, A. Mirage: Analise de

formas de linhas em espectroscopia optogalvanica de intermodulacao do uranio, Rev.

de Fisica Aplicada e Instrum., 7, 3, 108, 1992

75. A.K. Ray, B. Lal, V.K. Mago, P.R.K. Rao: Resonantly Enhanced Single-Color

Multiphoton Ionization of Uranium Atom, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 9, 11, 1979, 1992

76.V.K. Mago, A.K. Ray, B. Lal, P.R.K. Rao: Two-Step Single-Color Photoionization

Spectroscopy of Atomic Uranium, Appl. Phys. B 56, 39, 1993

77.I.J.Ford: Pure and Mixed State Calculations of the Laser-Induced Ionization of

Uranium, J. Phys. B: AT. Mol. Opt. Phys., 26, 1569, 1993

78. Jin Chang-Tai, LiuYu-Fu, Liang Xiu-Quing, Wang Cheng-Fei, An Yu-Xian, Wang

Xiu-Lan, Song Bo-Xue, Zhou Da-Fan: Observation of High-lying Odd Levels of

Uranium Atom in Two-Color Three-Photon Resonace Photoionization Spectrum,

Chinese Sci. Bull., 38, 12, 1002, 1993

79. M. G. Destro: Espectroscopia a laser em vapor metalico e uranio, Relatorio de

pesquisa IEAv – 028/93, SP, Brasil, 1993

80. J. Blaise, J.F. Wyart, J. Verges, R. Engleman, Jr., B.A. Palmer, L.J. Radziemski:

Energy Levels and Isotope Shifts for Singly Ionized Uranium (U II), J. Opt. Soc. Am.

B, 11, 10, 1897, 1994

81. R. Avril, A. Ginibre, A. Petit: On the Hyperfine Structure in the Configuration

5f36d7s

2 of Neutral Uranium, Z. Phys. D 29, 91, 1994

82. G. Văsaru, A Data Base for AVLIS-U Method, Separation Phenomena in Liquids and

Gases, Seventh Workshop Proceedings, V.D. Borisevich Ed., Moscow State Eng.

Physics Institute (Technical University), p. 259, Moscow 2000.

83. G. Văsaru, A Database for AVLIS-U Method, Romanian Journal of Physics, (2003)

Vol. 48(suppl.1) p. 449, Bucharest, Romania.

C. Lasers

1. R.A.Mail, F.J. Markovich, R.H. Carr: Cost Analysis of Lasers for a Laser Isotope

Separation System, Report CR-2-718, General Research Corp. and LLL, Jan. 1977

2. J.I.Davis, E.B. Rockower: Lasers in Material Processing, Preprint UCRL – 85175,

Rev. 2, LLNL, June, 1981

3. M.J. Kushner, B.E. Warner: Large-Bore Copper-Vapor Lasers: Kinetics and Scaling

Issues, Preprint UCRL-88517, LLNL, Dec. 16, 1982

4. J.I. Davis, J.Z. Holtz, M.L. Spaeth: Status and Prospects for Lasers in Isotope

Separation, Preprint UCRL-87583, LLNL, May 4, 1982

5. J.I. Davis: Lasers in Chemicals Processing, Report UCRL-53276, LLNL, April15,

1982 and in “Recent Development in Uranium Enrichment”, AICE Symposium

Series, J.R. Merriman, M. Benedict, Eds., 221, Vol. 78, p. 71, 1982

6. G. Salvetat, P. Isnard, M. Clerc, J.M. Weulersse: Realisation d’une source Raman a

16 m, Report CEA-R-5314, CEN Saclay, Oct. 1985

7. R. Hugon: Fonctionnement du laser a vapeur de cuivre. Etude bibliographique,

Report CEA-R-5296, CEN Saclay, Jan. 1985

8. D. Doizi: Etude bibliographique des proprietes photophysiques et photochimiques

de colorants laser, Rapport CEA-R-5359, Juin, 1986

9. L. Gilles: Laser et separation isotopique de l’uranium, CEA-Conf-9109, Jul. 1987

10. O. De Witte: Les lasers pour la separation isotopique, Entropie, 133, 19, 1987

11. B.E. Warner: An Overview of Copper Laser Development for Isotope Separation,

Preprint UCRL- 96314, LLNL, March 13, 1987

12. E. Pochon: Some Characteristics of Isotopic Separation Laser Systems, Nuclear

Europe, 1-2, 21, 1988

13. R. Reisfeld, R. Zusman, Y. Cohen, M. Eyal: The Spectroscopic Behavior of

Rhodamine 6G in Polar and Non-polar Solvents and in Thin glass and Pmma Films,

Chem. Phys. Letters, 147, 2-3, 142, 1988

14. P.E. Dyer: Laser Properties and Beam Characteristics, Laser Applications in

Physical Chemistry, D.K. Evans, Ed., Chap. 1, p. 1, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York,

1989

15. S.L. Chin: Laser Beam Transport, Laser Applications in Physical Chemistry, D.K.

Evans, Ed., Chap. 2, p. 39, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1989

16. B.A. Bushaw: High-Resolution Laser-Induced Ionization Spectroscopy, Prog.

Analyt. Spectr. 12, 247, 1989

17. C.E. Web: Copper Vapor Laser Pumping of Dye Lasers in Atomic and Molecular

Research, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 114, Section 9, RIS 90, Varese, Italy, 16 Sept

1990, 365, IOP Publishing Ltd., 1991

18. W.E. van der Veer, R.J.J. van Diest, A.B. van der Kamp, A Donszelmann: A

Copper Vapor Laser Operating at Wavelengths of 303.6 nm and 306.3 nm, Z. Phys.

D-Atom, Molecules and Clusters, 23, 155, 1992

19. A. Bettinger, M. Neu, J. Maury, J. Chatelet: Copper Vapor Laser Development for

SILVA, CEA, Dept. des procedes d’enrichissement, CEN Saclay, 26/11/1992.

D. Laser-Atom Interactions

1. K. Kraftick, P. Sholl: Real-Time Fluid Flow Model for Control of Solidification,

Preprint UCRL-92705, LLNL, July 1985

2. T. Ohnishi: Laser-Uranium Vapor Interaction in AVLIS and Behavior of Produced

Ions in an Electric Field, Proc. of Optika ’88 Third Intl. Symp. On Modern Optics,

Budapest, Sept. 13, 1988, Vol. I, p. 174, 1988

3. T. Ohnishi: Numerical Calculation of Non-linear Equations Concerning Laser-Atom

Interaction on a Cray-XMP, Proc. 22th Semiannual CRAY User Group Meeting, 191,

1988

4. Soubbaramayer: Computational Fluid Mechanics in R & D on Uranium Enrichment,

Symp. In Honor of Maurice Holt, June 26, 1988, Williamsburg, VA, 1988

5. Soubbaramayer: Interface liquid-vapeur et couches limite adjacentes dans un

evaporateur d’uranium, Analles de Physique, Colloque No. 2, Suppl. No. 3, Vol. 13,

p. 75, Juin, 1988

6. F. Boujot, Soubbaramayer: Un cas non lineaire du modele cinetique d’evaporation-

condensation, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 307, Serie II, p. 323, 1988

7. N. Hodson, H. Weber: Measurement of Extraction Efficiency and Excitation

Efficiency of Lasers, J. Modern Optics, 35, 5, 807, 1988

8. M.S. Pindzola, M.J. Buie: Electron-impact Ionization of Uranium Atomic Ions, Phys.

Rev., 39, 3, 1029, 1989

9. F. Doneddu: Ion Extraction and Charge Exchange in Laser Separation: A

Computational Approach, Separation Phenomena in Liquids and Gases, Second

Workshop, P. Louvet, P. Noe and Soubbaramayer Eds., Vol. 2, p. 687, CEN-Saclay,

1989

10. T. Ohnishi: Numerical Calculation of the Ionization Degree of Uranium Vapor

Distributed in the Atom-Vapor-Isotope-Separation System, Proc. 1st Intl. Conf.

Supercomputers Nuclear Applications, p. 186. 1990

11. T. Ohnishi: A Model Simulating the Space Variation of Ionization Degree in the

System of Atomic-Vapor-Laser-Isotope-Separation, Rep. Res. Cent. Ion Beam

Technol, Hosei Univ, Suppl. 8, p. 39, 1990

12. B.H. Bransden: Charge Exchange in Ion-Atom Collisions, Contemporary Physics,

31, 1, 19, 1990

13. R. Nishio, K. Tuchida, M. Tooma, K, Suzuki: Origins of Charged Particles in Vapor

Generated by Electron-Beam Evaporation, J. Applied Phys. 72, 10, 4548, 1992

14. M. Tooma, R. Nishio, K. Tsuchida, K. Suzuki: Population Ratio of Uranium

Metastable Atoms Evaporated by Electron Beam, Energy Res. Lab., Hitachi, Ltd., J.

At. Energy. Soc. Japan, 35, 5, 438, 1993

15. M. Murakami, K. Nishihara: Sheath Dynamics Induced by Ion-Acoustic Rarefaction

Wave, Phys. Fluids B 5, 9, 3441, 1993

16. M. Murakami, Y. Ueshima, K. Nishihara: Ion Collection by Electromagnetic Force,

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 32, p. L 1471, 1993

17. R. Nishio, K. Suzuki: Behavior of a Continuous Uranium Plasma Stream Expanding

Across a Weak Magnetic Field, Phys. Fluids B, Plasma Physics, 5, 7, 2036, 1993

18. R. Nishio, K. Suzuki: Plasma Removal by Box Type Electrode from Electron Beam

Generated Uranium Vapor, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 64, 11, 3278, 1993

19. R. Nishio, K. Suzuki: Propagation Behavior of Uranium Plasma from Electron Beam

Metal Evaporator, J. Nucl. Sci. & Technol., 31, 6, 572, 1994

20. G.M. Cross, L.J. Frasinski, L. Zhang, P.A. Hatherly, K. Codling, A.J. Langley, W.

Shaikh: A Search for Direct (correlated) Two-Electron Emission from Uranium in

Intense Laser Fields, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 27, 1371, 1994

21. R. Nishio, K. Yamada, K. Suzuki, M. Wakabayashi: Ion Transport from Laser

Induced Metal Plasma to Ion Extraction Electrodes, J. Nucl. Sci. & Technol., 32, 2,

Febr. 1995.

E. Thermal Properties of Uranium

1. J.J.Katz, E. Rabinovitch: The Chemistry of Uranium, Mc.Graw Hill Book Co Inc.,

1951

2. E.G. Rauh, R.J. Thorn: Vapor Pressure of Uranium, J. Chem. Phys., 22, 8, 1414,

1954

3. R. Ackermann, P.W. Gilles, R.J. Thorn: High Temperature Thermodynamic

Properties of Uranium Dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 25, 6, 1956

4. H.K. Lonsdale, J.N. Graves: Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials, IAEA Vienna,

1962

5. R.Hultgren, R.L. Orr, F.D. Anderson, K.K.Kelley: Selected Values of

Thermodynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, J. Wiley and Sons, Inc., N.Y., 1963

6. W.M. Olson: Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials, IAEA Vienna, 1968

7. A. Pattoret, J. Drowart, S. Smoes: Mass Spectrometry Determination of Heat of

Sublimation of Uranium, Trans. Faraday Soc., 65, 98, 1969

8. F.L. Oetting, M.H. Rand, R.J. Ackermann, The Chemical Thermodynamics of

Actinide Elements, IAEA, Vienna, Part. I, 1976

9. D. Das, S.R. Dharwadkar, M.S. Chandrasekharaiah: Thermodynamics of Liquid

Uranium Vaporization, J. Nuclear Materials, 130, 217, 1985

10. R.W. Ohse: Equation of State of Uranium Oxide, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday 2, 83, 1235,

1987

11. D. Das, S.R. Dharwadkar, M.S. Chandrasekharaiah: Thermodynamics of Liquid

Uranium Vaporization, J. Nuclear Materials, 130, 217, 1985

12. R.N.R. Mulford, R.I. Sheldon: Density and Heat Capacity of Liquid Uranium at High

Temperatures, J. Nucl. Mat., 154, 268, 1988

13. A. Ochiai, T. Shikawa, K. Suzuki: Study of Properties of Uranium and Its

Compounds, Sci. Report, Ritu, A, Sendai, Japonia, 35, 2, 203, 1991

14. M. Boivineau, L. Arles, J.M. Vermeulen, Th. Thevenin: High-Pressure

Thermophysical Properties of Solid and Liquid Uranium, Physica B 190, 31, 1993

15. M.A. Havstad, W. McLean II, S.A. Self: Measurement of the Thermal Radiative

Properties of Liquid Uranium, J. Heat Transfer, 115, 1013, 1993.