upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders recognition and control
TRANSCRIPT
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal DisordersRecognition and Control
Work Related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders
Repetitive Motion Disorders (Exposure)
Highest median days away from work (18)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Nature of injury/illness)
Highest median days from work (28)
Tendinitis (Nature of Injury/Illness) Median 11 days from work
Evidence for Causal Relationship Between Physical Work Factors and MSDs
Strong InsufficientBody Part Evidence Evidence Evidence Risk Factor (+++) (++) (+/0)
Neck/Shoulder Repetition X Force X Posture X Vibration X Combination
Evidence for Causal Relationship Between Physical Work Factors and MSDs
Strong InsufficientBody Part Evidence Evidence Evidence Risk Factor (+++) (++) (+/0)
Shoulder Repetition X Force X Posture X Vibration X Combination
Evidence for Causal Relationship Between Physical Work Factors and MSDs
5
Strong InsufficientBody Part Evidence Evidence Evidence Risk Factor (+++) (++) (+/0)
ElbowRepetition XForce XPosture XCombination X
Hand WristTendinitis Repetition X Force X Posture X Combination X
Evidence for Causal Relationship Between Physical Work Factors and MSDs
6
Strong InsufficientBody Part Evidence Evidence Evidence Risk Factor (+++) (++) (+/0)
Hand/Wrist Carpal tunnel syndrome Repetition X Force X Posture X Vibration X Combination X
Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome Vibration X
Common Risk Factors
Force and Repetition Force Repetition Posture
WRUEMD Risk Factor Examples
Risk Factor Examples
Look for Clues- Checklist
Look for Clues Checklist
Look for Clues-Quick Assessment Tools
Washington State Hazard Zone and Caution Zone Checklist http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo/evaltools/CautionZones2.pdf http://www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo/evaltools/HazardZoneChecklist.PDF
Computer User Checklist
Construction Ergonomic Checklist http://www.elcosh.org/en/document/4/d000003/construction-ergonomics-checklist.html http://www.elcosh.org/
Risk Factor Examples
Look for Clues Risk Factor Checklist
Look for Clues Risk Factor Checklist
Look for Clues Risk Factor Checklist
Look for Clues Risk Factor Checklist
Prioritize Jobs for Improvement
• The frequency and severity of the risk factors you have identified that may lead to injuries
• The frequency and severity of complaints, symptoms,
and/or injuries
• Technical and financial resources at your disposal
• Ideas of workers for making improvements
• Difficulty in implementing various improvements • Timeframe for making improvements
Questions for selecting improvement options:
o Reduce or eliminate most or all of the identified risk factors?
o Add any new risk factors that have not been previously
identified?
o Be affordable for our organization (e.g., is there a simpler, less
expensive alternative that could be equally effective)?
o Affect productivity, efficiency, or product quality?
o Provide a temporary or permanent “fix”?
o Be accepted by employees…will it affect employee morale?
o Be able to be fully implemented (including training) in a
reasonable amount of time?
Make Improvements
Follow Up
Questions for evaluating improvements:
o Reduced or eliminated fatigue, discomfort, symptoms, and/or
injuries?
o Been accepted by workers?
o Reduced or eliminated most or all of the risk factors?
o Caused any new risk factors, hazards, or other problems?
o Caused a decrease in productivity and efficiency?
o Caused a decrease in product and service quality?
o Been supported with the training needed to make it effective?
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
Tool redesign Workstation redesign Job methods Job rotation Rest Breaks Machine pacing Medical surveillance
Early detection
Right Tool For The Job
REDUCTION OF REPETITION
Task Enlargement
Mechanization
Automation
REDUCTION OF EXTREME JOINT MOVEMENT (EASIEST)
Altering tool or controls
Workstation Design
Moving the Worker
REDUCTION OF FORCE
Reducing the force
Spreading the force
Better mechanical advantage
REMEMBER WORKSTATION DESIGN GUIDELINES
Design where hands spend most of time
Normal reach envelope
Elbow height
Edge compression
Limit forward reaches to 16!
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Industry and Job Specific Guidelines
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ergonomics/ http://www.elcosh.org/ http://www.oshainfo.gatech.edu http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/index.html