upgrading no cluster de rochas...
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UPGRADING NO CLUSTER DE ROCHAS ORNAMENTAIS DO ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL
Laura Ferranty Mac Lennan [email protected]
Ilan Avrichir [email protected]
WORKSHOP "ESTUDOS SOBRE GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS NOS PLANOS INTERNACIONAL E NACIONAL” P R O . P O L I . U S P . B R / W O R K S H O P G V C
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Fonte: Informe Abirochas, no. 2/2014.
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Evolução da Exportação Brasileira:
Rochas Manufaturadas X Produtos Industrializados
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2002 2013
Porcentual sobre o total da categoria
baixa tecnologia
media baixa tecnologia
media alta tecnologia
alta tecnologia
rochas ornamentais processadas
Elaborado pro Ilan Avrichir a partir de dados da Funcex e do CentroRochas
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Value addition x functional upgrade Granite exports 2016
Product % of sector revenue
1000 of tons exported
1000 of stones per 1% of revenue
Increase in value/ton
Blocs 16,5 1022 63
Slabs 66,5 1167 18 3,5
Finish products 4,6 26 6 3
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Rsearch Model
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Justificativa da Pesquisa
• Companies in emerging countries have difficulty upgrading in global value chains (HUMPHREY & SCHMITZ, 2000; Navas-Aleman, 2011)
• Functional expansion in ES potentially interesting phenomenon
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Procedimentos Metodológicos
• After a lot of trust building work, we were able to engage the support of two informal leaders of the ES Granite Sector
• With their endorsement we were able to visit and apply a structures questionaire in 32 of the 80 biggest granite granite exporters of the ES State.
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Tabela 5: Cálculo do teste Mann-Whitney dos indicadores de upgrading das empresas da amostra
Grupo% de vendas no ME
(2011)
% de faturamento
investido em
promoção e
marketing
Tamanho da
empresa UP UD UF
Orientado ao mercado interno (C1) 5% 0,3% Pequena 5,14 3,88 4,95
Novos Horizontes (C2) 23% 0,0% Pequena 5,14 4,38 5,21
Orientado ao mercado externo (C3) 75% 1,2% Média 5,86 5,63 5,50
Fonte: Autora
Fonte: Autora Disponível no site da ESPM/PMDGI
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Investimentos
Empresas Média
Investimento em máquinas (% das vendas médias de 3 anos)
17 12 6 5 3,5 10 12 11 0 2,5 10 5 20 6 33 17 30 11,8 Importância de novos materiais
(resinas / materiais de polimento / tratamento
químico) Lickert 1 a 7 6 4 7 7 7 4 6 5 7 5 7 3 7 4 7 7 7 6 5,9
Importância de viagens para a equipe de vendas Lickert 1 a 7
4 6 7 7 7 3 7 6 1 3 7 1 6 7 7 5 7 7 5,4
1. As importações brasileiras de tecnologia somaram US$ 90 milhões em 2011, dos quais US$ 53 milhões devidos à Itália.
2. No 1º semestre de 2012 as importações de tecnologia italiana tiveram incremento de 56,4% frente ao mesmo período de 2011.
3. Em 2013, o avanço brasileiro foi o maior entre todos os compradores de tecnologia italiana, refletindo a aquisição de teares multifios diamantados
Fonte: Autores
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Conclusion
• Process upgrading: Export oriented firms (C3)> domestic oriented (C1)
• Product upgrading: C3>C2>C1
• Functional upgrading (C3) > C2
• Positive relationship between export performance and different types of upgrading
• In line with hierarchical hypothesis (Gereffi, 1999)
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Work in process
• What are the necessary conditions for a futebol clubs to be susccessful exporters of players?
• How was the acquisiton of technological capacities by Argentina´s wine producers related to downstream movement?
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Necessary technological capacities for being successful in football players´ export
• A = Planning players development
• B = Infrastructure
• C = Professionals (doctors, fisioterapeuts, psichologists)
• D =International Marketing
• A or (B and ~C) or (B and ~ D)
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Wine Technological Competences´ Matrix
Product planning
Plant cultivation
Viticulture Marketing
Operational Depends completely on owners experience and intutition
Use of price and discount as main selling arguments
Assimilative
Adaptative
Inovative Integrated work among agronomist, marketing professional and wine maker
Normative marketing, Wine makers as brand personas; Storytelling
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Summary
• Can advantages in natural resources be a springboard to downstream positions in GVC?
• How did the few successful Latin America´s natural based industries that managed to upgrade (specially fuctionally) made it?
• Is the path of trying to add value to natural resources based products a viable one?
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