upanisa sutta

8/13/2019 Upanisa Sutta

1/67

TRANSCENDENTAL DEPENDENT ARISING

A TRANSLATION AND EXPOSITION OF THE UPANISA SUTTA

byBhikkhu Bodhi

The Wheel Publicaio! No" #$$%#$&

SL ISSN ''()*$+(,

Co-y.i/h 0 ,)&' Buddhi1 Publicaio! Sociey

FOR FREE DISTRIB2TION ONL3"

3ou 4ay -.i! co-ie1 o5 hi1 6o.k 5o. you. -e.1o!al u1e" 3ou4ay .e75o.4a a!d .edi1.ibue hi1 6o.k 5o. u1e o! co4-ue.1a!d co4-ue. !e6o.k18 -.o9ided ha you cha./e !o 5ee1 5o.i1 di1.ibuio! o. u1e"

Ohe.6i1e8 all .i/h1 .e1e.9ed"

Buddhi1 Publicaio! Sociey

P"O" Bo: ;,

+(8 Sa!/ha.aa!dy8 S.i La!ka

Thi1 ediio! 6a1 .a!1c.ibed 5.o4 he -.i! ediio! i! ,))+by G.e/ S4ih u!de. he au1-ice1 o5 he Dha.4aNe Dha.4aBook T.a!1c.i-io! P.o


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Co!e!1

PREFACE """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" i9

Noe o! Re5e.e!ce1 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 9i

2PANISA S2TTA """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ,

TRANSCENDENTAL DEPENDENT ARISING """""""""""""""""""""""""" ;

A! E:-o1iio! o5 he 2-a!i1a Sua """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ;

=u!da!e O.de. """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ,(

T.a!1ce!de!al O.de. """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ,+

Faih ?Saddha@ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ,$

oy ?Pa4o


3/67

P.e5ace

T2C>ED AWA3 i! he Sa4yua Nikaya a4o!/ he co!!eced1ayi!/1 o! cau1aliy ?Nida!a1a4yua@ i1 a 1ho.5o.4alied e: e!iled he 2-a!i1a Sua8 he Di1cou.1e o!

Su--o.i!/ Co!diio!1" Thou/h a 5i.1 /la!ce ha.dly co!1-icuou1a4o!/ he 4a!y i!e.e1i!/ 1ua1 i! hi1 collecio!8 hi1lile di1cou.1e u.!1 ou u-o! .e-eaed e:a4i!aio! o be o5.e4e!dou1 doc.i!al i4-o.a!ce" I1 /.ea 1i/!i5ica!ce de.i9e15.o4 he 1.iki!/


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Nei-aka.a!a8 a Pali e:e/eicalde-e!de! a.i1i!/ ?lokua.a7-aicca1a4u--ada@"-.i!ci-le8 ha o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/" Reco/!ii!/ hi1 b.oade..a!/e o5 he -.i!ci-le8 he.eai1e8 ha1 called he 1eco!d a--licaio! .a!1ce!de!al

De1-ie he /.ea i4-o.a!ce o5 he 2-a!i1a Sua8 .adiio!alco44e!ao.1 ha9e ha.dly /i9e! he e: he 1-ecialae!io! i 6ould 1ee4 o de1e.9e" Pe.ha-1 he .ea1o! 5o.hi1 i1 ha8 i1 li!e o5 a--.oach bei!/ -eculia. o i1el5 a!da 5e6 .elaed e:1 1cae.ed h.ou/h he Ca!o!8 i ha1 bee!o9e.1hado6ed by he 4a!y ohe. 1ua1 /i9i!/ he 4o.e u1ual-.e1e!aio! o5 doc.i!e" Bu 6hae9e. he e:-la!aio! be8 he!eed ha1 .e4ai!ed 5o. a 5ulle. e:-lo.aio! o5 he 1ua1 4ea!i!/a!d i4-licaio!1" We ha9e 1ou/h o .e4edy hi1 de5icie!cy6ih he 5ollo6i!/ 6o.k o55e.i!/ a! E!/li1h .a!1laio! o5 he2-a!i1a Sua a!d a! e:-o1iio! o5 i1 4e11a/e" The e:-o1iio!1e1 ou o e:-lo.e he 1eco!d8 .a!1ce!de!al a--licaio!o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/8 d.a6i!/ 5.eely 5.o4 ohe. -a.1 o5 heCa!o! a!d he co44e!a.ie1 o 5ill ou he 4ea!i!/" Si!ce 5ullaccou!1 o5 he 4u!da!e o. 1a41a.ic 1ide o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/ca! be .eadily 5ou!d el1e6he.e8 6e hou/h i be1 o li4i ou.e:-o1iio! o he -.i!ci-le1 le11 5a4ilia. a--licaio!" A 1i4ila.-.o


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Noe o! Re5e.e!ce1

Re5e.e!ce1 o he Di/ha Nikaya ?DN@ a!d he =a


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2-a!i1a Sua

WHILE STA3ING a Sa9ahi he E:aled O!e 1aid

The de1.ucio! o5 he ca!ke.18 4o!k18 i1 5o. o!e 6ho

k!o61 a!d 1ee18 I 1ay8 !o 5o. o!e 6ho doe1 !o k!o6 a!d doe1!o 1ee" >!o6i!/ 6ha8 1eei!/ 6ha doe1 he de1.ucio! o5 heca!ke.1 occu.M Such i1 4ae.ial 5o.48 1uch i1 he a.i1i!/ o54ae.ial 5o.48 1uch i1 he -a11i!/ a6ay o5 4ae.ial 5o.4" Suchi1 5eeli!/ -e.ce-io! 4e!al 5o.4aio!1 co!1ciou1!e111uch i1 he a.i1i!/ o5 co!1ciou1!e118 1uch i1 he -a11i!/ a6ayo5 co!1ciou1!e11 J 5o. o!e 6ho k!o61 a!d 1ee1 hi18 4o!k18he de1.ucio! o5 he ca!ke.1 occu.1"

The k!o6led/e o5 de1.ucio! 6ih .e1-ec o de1.ucio!ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I 1ay8 i doe1 !o lack a 1u--o.i!/co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. he k!o6led/eo5 de1.ucio!M E4a!ci-aio! 1hould be he .e-ly"

E4a!ci-aio!8 4o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I1ay8 i doe1 !o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. e4a!ci-aio!M Di1-a11io! 1hould behe .e-ly"

Di1-a11io!8 4o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I 1ay8i doe1 !o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. di1-a11io!M Di1e!cha!4e! 1hould behe .e-ly"

Di1e!cha!4e!8 4o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8I 1ay8 i doe1 !o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. di1e!cha!4e!M The k!o6led/e a!d9i1io! o5 hi!/1 a1 hey .eally a.e 1hould be he .e-ly"

The k!o6led/e a!d 9i1io! o5 hi!/1 a1 hey .eally a.e84o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I 1ay8 i doe1 !o lack


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a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!5o. he k!o6led/e a!d 9i1io! o5 hi!/1 a1 hey .eally a.eMCo!ce!.aio! 1hould be he .e-ly"

Co!ce!.aio!8 4o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I

1ay8 i doe1 !o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. co!ce!.aio!M Ha--i!e11 1hould behe .e-ly"

Ha--i!e118 4o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I 1ay8i doe1 !o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. ha--i!e11M T.a!uilliy 1hould be he.e-ly"

T.a!uilliy8 4o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I1ay8 i doe1 !o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. .a!uilliyM Ra-u.e 1hould be he.e-ly"

Ra-u.e8 4o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I 1ay8 idoe1 !o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. .a-u.eM oy 1hould be he .e-ly"

oy8 4o!k18 al1o ha1 a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8 I 1ay8 i doe1!o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6ha i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o.


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Wha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. cli!/i!/M C.a9i!/1hould be he .e-ly"

Wha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. c.a9i!/M Feeli!/1hould be he .e-ly"

Wha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. 5eeli!/M Co!ac1hould be he .e-ly"

Wha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. co!acM The 1i:5old1e!1e ba1e 1hould be he .e-ly"

Wha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. he 1i:5old 1e!1e ba1eM=e!aliy74ae.ialiy 1hould be he .e-ly"

Wha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. 4e!aliy74ae.ialiyMCo!1ciou1!e11 1hould be he .e-ly"

Wha i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. co!1ciou1!e11M>a44a 5o.4aio!1 1hould be he .e-ly"

>a44a 5o.4aio!18 4o!k18 al1o ha9e a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!8I 1ay8 hey do !o lack a 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!" A!d 6hai1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. ka44a 5o.4aio!1M I/!o.a!ce1hould be he .e-ly"

Thu18 4o!k18 i/!o.a!ce i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o.ka44a 5o.4aio!18 ka44a 5o.4aio!1 a.e he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. co!1ciou1!e118 co!1ciou1!e11 i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. 4e!aliy74ae.ialiy8 4e!aliy74ae.ialiy i1he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. he 1i:5old 1e!1e ba1e8 he 1i:5old1e!1e ba1e i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. co!ac8 co!ac i1he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. 5eeli!/8 5eeli!/ i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. c.a9i!/8 c.a9i!/ i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o.cli!/i!/8 cli!/i!/ i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. e:i1e!ce8e:i1e!ce i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. bi.h8 bi.h i1 he1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. 1u55e.i!/8 1u55e.i!/ i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. 5aih8 5aih i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o.


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1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. .a!uilliy8 .a!uilliy i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. ha--i!e118 ha--i!e11 i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. co!ce!.aio!8 co!ce!.aio! i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. he k!o6led/e a!d 9i1io! o5 hi!/1 a1 hey .eallya.e8 he k!o6led/e a!d 9i1io! o5 hi!/1 a1 hey .eally a.e i1

he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. di1e!cha!4e!8 di1e!cha!4e!i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. di1-a11io!8 di1-a11io! i1 he1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. e4a!ci-aio!8 a!d e4a!ci-aio! i1he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. he k!o6led/e o5 he de1.ucio!?o5 he ca!ke.1@"

u1 a18 4o!k18 6he! .ai! de1ce!d1 hea9ily u-o! 1o4e4ou!ai!o-8 he 6ae. 5lo61 do6! alo!/ 6ih he 1lo-e8 a!d5ill1 he cle518 /ullie18 a!d c.eek1 he1e bei!/ 5illed 5ill u- he-ool1 he1e bei!/ 5illed 5ill u- he -o!d1 he1e bei!/ 5illed5ill u- he 1.ea41 he1e bei!/ 5illed 5ill u- he .i9e.1 a!d he.i9e.1 bei!/ 5illed 5ill u- he /.ea ocea! J i! he 1a4e 6ay84o!k18 i/!o.a!ce i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. ka44a 5o.4aio!18ka44a 5o.4aio!1 a.e he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o.co!1ciou1!e118 co!1ciou1!e11 i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o.4e!aliy74ae.ialiy8 4e!aliy74ae.ialiy i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. he 1i:5old 1e!1e ba1e8 he 1i:5old 1e!1e ba1e i1he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. co!ac8 co!ac i1 he 1u--o.i!/co!diio! 5o. 5eeli!/8 5eeli!/ i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o.c.a9i!/8 c.a9i!/ i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. cli!/i!/8 cli!/i!/i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. e:i1e!ce8 e:i1e!ce i1 he1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. bi.h8 bi.h i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio!5o. 1u55e.i!/8 1u55e.i!/ i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. 5aih85aih i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o.


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T.a!1ce!de!al De-e!de! A.i1i!/

A! E:-o1iio! o5 he 2-a!i1a Sua

DEPENDENT ARISING ?-aicca1a4u--ada@ i1 he ce!.al

-.i!ci-le o5 he Buddha1 eachi!/8 co!1iui!/ boh heob


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o5 1u55e.i!/" I! i1 ab1.ac 5o.4 he -.i!ci-le o5 de-e!de!a.i1i!/ i1 eui9ale! o he la6 o5 he co!diio!ed /e!e1i1 o5-he!o4e!a" I e:-.e11e1 he i!9a.iable co!co4ia!ce be6ee!he a.i1i!/ a!d cea1i!/ o5 a!y /i9e! -he!o4e!o! a!d he5u!cio!al e55icacy o5 i1 o.i/i!ai9e co!diio!1" I1 -h.a1i!/8 a1

e.1e a1 a!y 5o.4ulaio! o5 4ode.! lo/ic8 .ecu.1 i! he a!cie!e:1 hu1 Thi1 bei!/8 ha e:i11 h.ou/h he a.i1i!/ o5 hi1ha a.i1e1" Thi1 !o bei!/8 ha doe1 !o e:i1 h.ou/h hecea1i!/ o5 hi1 ha cea1e1" #

Whe! a--lied o he -.oble4 o5 1u55e.i!/8 he ab1.ac-.i!ci-le beco4e1 e!ca-1ulaed i! a 6el9e7e.4 5o.4uladi1clo1i!/ he cau1al !e:u1 .e1-o!1ible 5o. he o.i/i!aio! o51u55e.i!/" I be/i!1 6ih i/!o.a!ce8 he -.i4a.y .oo o5 he1e.ie1 hou/h !o a 5i.1 cau1e8 co!diio!i!/ he a.i1i!/ o5 ehicallydee.4i!ae 9oliio!18 6hich i! u.! co!diio! he a.i1i!/o5 co!1ciou1!e118 a!d 1o o! h.ou/h he 1alie! occa1io!1 o51e!ie! beco4i!/ do6! o hei. co!clu1io! i! old a/e a!ddeah

Wih i/!o.a!ce a1 co!diio!8 he ka44a 5o.4aio!16ih ka44a 5o.4aio!1 a1 co!diio! co!1ciou1!e116ih co!1ciou1!e11 a1 co!diio!8 4e!aliy74ae.ialiy6ih 4e!aliy74ae.ialiy a1 co!diio! he 1i:5old1e!1e ba1e 6ih he 1i:5old 1e!1e ba1e a1 co!diio!8co!ac 6ih co!ac a1 co!diio!8 5eeli!/ 6ih 5eeli!/a1 co!diio!8 c.a9i!/ 6ih c.a9i!/ a1 co!diio!8cli!/i!/ 6ih cli!/i!/ a1 co!diio!8 e:i1e!ce 6ihe:i1e!ce a1 co!diio!8 bi.h 6ih bi.h a1 co!diio!8a/i!/7a!d7deah8 1o..o68 la4e!aio!8 -ai!8 /.ie58 a!d

#" I4a14i4 1ai ida4 hoi8 i4a118 u--ada ida4 u--a


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de1-ai. a.i1e" Such i1 he o.i/i!aio! o5 hi1 e!i.e 4a11o5 1u55e.i!/"

J SN XII8 -a11i4

The co.olla.y o5 hi1 5o.4ula8 6hich co!1a!ly acco4-a!ie1i8 de1c.ibe1 he co!diio!ed ce11aio! o5 1u55e.i!/" I 1ho61ho68 6he! i/!o.a!ce cea1e18 all he 5ollo6i!/ co!diio!1 1ucce11i9elycea1e8 do6! o he ce11aio! o5 he e!i.e 4a11 o51u55e.i!/"

Thou/h he -.i!ci-le o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/ i1 a--licable oa!y 1iuaio! 6he.e a! o.i/i!aio! o5 -he!o4e!a ake1 -lace8he Pali Buddhi1 .adiio! ha1 5ocu1ed u-o! he doc.i!eal4o1 e:clu1i9ely i! e.41 o5 i1 6el9e5old 5o.4ulaio!" So4uch ha1 hi1 bee! he ca1e ha he 6o ha9e e!ded o bebla!kly ide!i5ied 6ih each ohe.8 de-e!de! a.i1i!/ bei!/euaed 1i4-ly 6ih he 6el9e5old 1e.ie1 a!d he 6el9e5old1e.ie1 bei!/ .e/a.ded a1 a! e:hau1i9e .ea4e! o5 de-e!de!a.i1i!/" Thi1 e:clu1i9e!e11 o5 e4-ha1i1 double11ly -o1e1a ce.ai! da!/e. o5 .i/idiy bu e9e! de1-ie hi1 da!/e. ii1 !o 6ihou i1


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ce11aio! o5 1u55e.i!/8 1ho6i!/ ha 6he! i/!o.a!ce i1 eli4i!aed by he .i1e o5 .ue k!o6led/e all he5aco.1 de-e!de!o! i/!o.a!ce like6i1e d.a6 o a clo1e"a1-ec ?a!ulo4a@ i 4ake1 k!o6! he cau1al chai! behi!d 1u55e.i!/8de4o!1.ai!/ ho6 he .ou!d o5 e:i1e!ce a.i1e1 a!d

u.!1 h.ou/h he i4-ul1io!1 o5 c.a9i!/8 cli!/i!/8 a!d ka.4a86o.ki!/ 5.eely behi!d he 1hieldi!/ 1c.ee! o5 i/!o.a!ce" I! i1!e/ai9e o. .e9e.1e 1ide ?-ailo4a@ i .e9eal1 he 6ay o he

Ho6e9e.8 a1 a co!1eue!ce o5 hi1 co!1.icio! o5 ae!io!81i/h ha1 e!ded o be lo1 o5 he b.oade. .a!/e o5 e:e4-li5icaio!1he -.i!ci-le o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/ 4i/h ha9e8 e9e!6ihi! he li4i1 o5 he 1oe.iolo/ical di.ecio! o5 he eachi!/"De-e!de! a.i1i!/ ca!!o be .educed o a!y 1i!/le o!e o5i1 a--licaio!1" A!y a--licaio! i1 o!ly a -eda/o/ical de9ice5.a4ed 5.o4 he 1a!d-oi! o5 he eachi!/1 -.acical o.ie!aio!"Abo9e a!d beyo!d i1 1-eci5ic i!1a!ce18 de-e!de! a.i1i!/.e4ai!1 a! e:-.e11io! o5 he i!9a.iable 1.ucu.al .elaed!e11o5 -he!o4e!a" I i1 a -.i!ci-le o 6hich all -he!o4e!a co!5o.4by he 9e.y !au.e o5 hei. bei!/8 he -.i!ci-le ha 6hae9e.co4e1 i!o e:i1e!ce doe1 1o i! de-e!de!ce o! co!diio!1"F.o4 he -e.1-eci9e hi1 eachi!/ a55o.d18 hi!/1 a.e 1ee! oa.i1e8 !o 5.o4 1o4e i!.i!1ic !au.e o5 hei. o6!8 5.o4 !ece11iy8cha!ce o. accide!8 bu 5.o4 hei. cau1al co..elaio!1 6ihohe. hi!/1 o 6hich hey a.e co!!eced a1 -a. o5 he 5i:edo.de. obai!i!/ be6ee! -he!o4e!a" Each .a!1ie! e!iy8e4e./i!/ i!o he -.e1e! ou o5 he 1.ea4 o5 e9e!1 bea.i!/do6! 5.o4 he -a18 ab1o.b1 i!o i1el5 he cau1al i!5lu: o5he -a18 o 6hich i 4u1 be .e1-o!1i9e" Du.i!/ i1 -ha1e o5-.e1e!ce i e:e.ci1e1 i1 o6! di1i!ci9e 5u!cio! 6ih he 1u--o.o5 i1 co!diio!18 e:-.e11i!/ he.eby i1 o6! i44ediacyo5 bei!/" A!d he!8 6ih he co4-leio! o5 i1 acualiy8 i i1


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16e- a6ay by he u!i9e.1al i4-e.4a!e!ce o beco4e i1el5 aco!diio! dee.4i!a! o5 he 5uu.e"

Whe! hi1 la6 o5 i!e.7co!!eced beco4i!/8 o5 co!diio!aliya!d .elaed!e118 i1 e:.aced 5.o4 i1 u1ual e:e4-li5icaio!1

a!d e:-lo.ed 5o. 5u.he. doc.i!al bea.i!/18 i ca! be 5ou!d oha9e ohe. .a4i5icaio!1 eually .ele9a! o he .ealiaio! o5he eachi!/1 5u!da4e!al ai4" O!e -a.icula. e:e4-li5icaio!o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/8 5ou!d 6ih 4i!o. 9a.iaio!1 i! a!u4be. o5 1ua18 1ho61 he ba1ic -.i!ci-le o 1e.9e a1 he1ca55oldi!/ 5o. he cou.1e o5 1-i.iual de9elo-4e! i11ui!/ i!5i!al e4a!ci-aio!" I 5i/u.e1 i! he1e 1ua1 a1 he a.chieco!icu!de.lyi!/ he /.adual .ai!i!/8 /o9e.!i!/ he -.oce11by 6hich o!e -ha1e o5 -.acice co!diio!1 he a.i1i!/ o5 he 5ollo6i!/-ha1e all he 6ay 5.o4 he co44e!ce4e! o5 he -aho he .ealiaio! o5 he uli4ae /oal" To be 1u.e8 he a--licaio!o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/ o he achie9e4e! o5 deli9e.a!ce i1al.eady co9e.ed 5.o4 o!e a!/le by he .e9e.1e o. ce11aio! 1ideo5 he 6el9e5old 5o.4ula8 acco.di!/ o 6hich he ce11aio! o5i/!o.a!ce 1e1 o55 a 1e.ie1 o5 ce11aio!1 cul4i!ai!/ i! he ce11aio!o5 1u55e.i!/" The!ce i! i1el5 1uch a! a--licaio! i1 !oa u!iue 5eau.e o5 he1e 1ua1" Wha /i9e1 he1e 1ua1 hei.di1i!ci9e ualiy a!d 9alue i1 he -o1ii9e 5o.4 i! 6hich heyca1 he 1eue!ial -ae.! o5 he libe.ai9e 9e!u.e" Whe.ea1he 1e.ie1 o5 ce11aio!1 -.e1e!1 he achie9e4e! o5 libe.aio!lo/ically8 i! 1.ic doc.i!al e.41 a1 he co!1eue!ce 5ollo6i!/u-o! he a!!ul4e! o5 1a41a.ic bo!da/e8 he -.e1e!1eue!ce 9ie61 he 1a4e chai! o5 e9e!1 dy!a4ically8 5.o4he i!!e. -e.1-eci9e o5 li9i!/ e:-e.ie!ce"

A1 li9i!/ e:-e.ie!ce8 he ad9a!ce o e4a!ci-aio! ca!!o

" SN XII"# AN X"7+"


16/67

be ied do6! o a 1e.ie1 o5 4e.e !e/aio!18 5o. 1uch a 4odeo5 .ea4e! o4i1 -.eci1ely 6ha i1 4o1 e11e!ial o he1-i.iual ue1 J he i44ediacy o5 i!!e. 1.i9i!/8 /.o6h8a!d .a!15o.4aio!" Pa.allel o he de4oliio! o5 old ba..ie.1he.e occu.18 i! he ue1 5o. deli9e.a!ce8 a 6ide!i!/ o5 9i1a1

cha.ace.ied by a! e9ol9i!/ 1e!1e o5 4au.aio!8 e!.ich4e!8a!d 5ul5ill4e! he de-a.u.e 5.o4 bo!da/e8 a!:iey8 a!d 1u55e.i!/a he 1a4e i4e 4ea!1 he 4o9e o6a.d1 5.eedo4 a!d-eace" Thi1 e:-a!1io! a!d e!.ich4e! i1 4ade -o11ible by he1.ucu.e o5 he /.adual .ai!i!/8 6hich i1 !o 1o 4uch a 1ucce11io!o5 di1c.ee 1e-1 o!e 5ollo6i!/ he ohe. a1 a locki!/o/ehe. o5 o9e.la--i!/ co4-o!e!1 i! a u!io! a o!ce au/4e!ai9e8co!1u44ai9e8 a!d -.o


17/67

io! ha1 bee! clea.ly -e.cei9ed a!d he u./e o6a.d1 libe.aio!5.o4 i 4ade he do4i!a! 4oi9e o5 he i!!e. li5e" The -.e1e!d.i9e 6hich8 i! co!.a1 o he -oi!le11 .e-eiio! o5 1a41a.a8e9ol9e1 u- a!d ou6a.d1 i! a! u!b.oke! 1-i.al a1ce! J a-ah do !o e4e./e 5o.uiou1ly o. h.ou/h he o-e.aio! o5

1o4e i!1c.uable -o6e.8 bu o.i/i!ae co!diio!ally8 a--ea.i!/1-o!a!eou1ly i! he cou.1e o5 .ai!i!/ 6he! hei. .eui1ieco!diio!1 a.e co4-lee" Thu1 he cou.1e o5 1-i.iual de9elo-4e!he1e 1ua1 .e9eal i1 a de-e!de! a.i1i!/ J a co4i!/ i!obei!/ i! de-e!de!ce o! co!diio!1" Bu hi1 de-e!de! a.i1i!/di55e.1 1i/!i5ica!ly 5.o4 i1 4u!da!e cou!e.-a." The 4u!da!e9e.1io!8 6ih i1 6el9e li!k18 de1c.ibe1 he 4o9e4e! o51a41a.a8 6hich .e9ol9e1 i! a -e.-eually 1el57.e/e!e.ai!/ ci.cleleadi!/ 5.o4 be/i!!i!/ o e!d o!ly o 5i!d he e!d lead back ohe be/i!!i!/" The 4echa!i14 o5 hi1 -.oce118 by 6hich de5ile4e!1a!d .e!e6ed e:i1e!ce 4uually ki!dle o!e a!ohe.8 i15ueled by he ho-e ha 1o4e7ho6 1o4e 1oluio! 6ill ye e4e./e6ihi! he 5.a4e6o.k o5 la61 1e 5o. he u.!i!/ o5 he 6heel8 aho-e .e-eaedly di1a--oi!ed" The -.e1e! 9e.1io! o5 de-e!de!a.i1i!/ deli!eae1 a y-e o5 de9elo-4e! ha o!ly beco4e1-o11ible 6he! hi1 ho-e ha1 bee! di1-e!1ed 6ih" I hi!/e1 o!he -.io. .eco/!iio! ha a!y ae4- o eli4i!ae 1u55e.i!/h.ou/h he /.ai5icaio! o5 c.a9i!/ i1 doo4ed o 5ailu.e8 a!dha he o!ly 6ay o 1o- i i1 o cu h.ou/h he 9iciou1 !e:u1a i1 ba1e" Thou/h he 4o9e4e! i de1c.ibe1 i1 1ill cyclic8 ii1 !o he ci.cula. .e9oluio! o5 1a41a.a i i1 co!ce.!ed 6ihbu a di55e.e! ki!d o5 .oaio! ha o!ly co4e1 i!o -lay 6he!he e11e!ially de5eci9e !au.e o5 he o.di!a.y hu4a! co!di1eue!cede-ic1 he 4o9e4e! o6a.d1 .elea1e" I 1e1 5o.h a-ae.! i! 6hich each u.! 1u--o.1 a!d 1.e!/he!1 i1 1ucce11o.1ca-aciy 5o. libe.aio!8 e!abli!/ he 1e.ie1 a1 a 6hole


18/67

o -ick u- he 4o4e!u4 !eeded o b.eak he /.a9iaio!al-ull o5 he 4u!da!e 1-he.e" Si!ce all he -ha1e1 i! hi1 -.o/.e11io! a.i1e i! de-e!de!ce o! hei.a!ecede!18 he 1e.ie1o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/8 he -.e1e! 9e.1io! lead18 !o back ohe .ou!d o5 beco4i!/8 bu o he o9e.co4i!/ o5 1a41a.a a!d

all i1 ae!da! 1u55e.i!/1" He!ce he call1hi1 1eue!ce .a!1ce!de!al de-e!de! a.i1i!/ [email protected]!1ce!de!ce o5 he 6o.ld".e-.e1e!1a de-e!de! a.i1i!/" Bu u!like he 5a4ilia. 9e.1io!Nei--aka.a!aJ a de-e!de! a.i1i!/ ha lead1 o he+

The 1ua 6e 6ill i!9e1i/ae he.e 5o. a! accou! o5 .a!1ce!de!alde-e!de! a.i1i!/8 i1 he 2-a!i1a Sua o5 heNida!a1a4yua ?SN XII"#@" I! addiio! o /i9i!/ a clea.8e:-lici accou! o5 he co!diio!al 1.ucu.e o5 he libe.ai9e-.o/.e11io!8 hi1 1ua ha1 he 5u.he. ad9a!a/e o5 b.i!/i!/he 1u-.a4u!da!e 5o.4 o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/ i!o i44ediaeco!!ecio! 6ih i1 5a4ilia. 1a41a.ic cou!e.-a." By 4aki!/hi1 co!!ecio! i b.i!/1 i!o -.o4i!e!ce he co4-.ehe!1i9echa.ace. o5 he -.i!ci-le o5 co!diio!aliy J i1 abiliy o 1u--o.a!d e:-lai! boh he -.oce11 o5 co4-ul1i9e i!9ol9e4e!6hich i1 he o.i/i! o5 1u55e.i!/ a!d he -.oce11 o5 di1e!/a/e4e!6hich lead1 o deli9e.a!ce 5.o4 1u55e.i!/" The.eby i .e9eal1de-e!de! a.i1i!/ o be he key o he u!iy a!d cohe.e!ce o5he Buddha1 eachi!/" Whe! he Buddha decla.e18 I eacho!ly 1u55e.i!/ a!d he ce11aio! o5 1u55e.i!/8 ; he bo!d 6hichu!ie1 he1e 6o e.4i!al1 o5 he doc.i!e a1 co4-le4e!a.y1ide1 o5 a 1i!/le8 i!e.!ally co!1i1e! 1y1e4 i1 1i4-ly he la6o5 de-e!de! a.i1i!/"

+" Sec" &&8 See a!a4oli8 .a!1l"8 The Guide ?Nei--aka.a!a4@8 ?Lo!do!Pali Te: Sociey8 ,);#@8 -" )$"

;" =N ##8 SN XXII"&;"


19/67

The 2-a!i1a Sua /i9e1 h.ee e:-o1iio!1 o5 .a!1ce!de!alde-e!de! a.i1i!/" The 5i.1 e:-ou!d1 he 1eue!cei! .e9e.1e o.de.8 be/i!!i!/ 6ih he la1 li!k i! he 1e.ie18 hek!o6led/e o5 he de1.ucio! o5 he ca!ke.1 ?a1a9akkhayeQa!a@8 a!d .aci!/ he chai! back6a.d1 o he 5i.1 li!k i! he

libe.ai9e 1eue!ce8 !a4ely8 5aih" A hi1 -oi! i c.o11e1 o9e.o he 4u!da!e o.de.8 e:-lai!i!/ 5aih a1 a.i1i!/ h.ou/h 1u55e.i!/81u55e.i!/ a1 co!diio!ed by bi.h8 bi.h a1 co!diio!edby e:i1e!ce8 a!d 1o o! back h.ou/h he 5a4ilia. li!k1 o i/!o.a!cea1 he 5i.1 4e4be. o5 he chai!" A5e. co4-lei!/ he.e9e.1e e:-o1iio!8 he Buddha he! e:-ou!d1 he 1a4e 1e.ie1i! 5o.6a.d o.de.8 be/i!!i!/ 6ih i/!o.a!ce a!d 5ollo6i!/h.ou/h o he k!o6led/e o5 de1.ucio!" Thi1 he doe1 6ice8i! e:acly he 1a4e 6ay8 o!ce be5o.e a!d o!ce a5e. he 1.iki!/1i4ile co4-a.i!/ he 1eue!ial o.i/i!aio! o5 he 5aco.1 ohe /.adual de1ce! o5 .ai!5all 5.o4 a 4ou!ai!8 h.ou/h he/.aded -o!d18 lake18 1.ea418 a!d .i9e.1 o he /.ea ocea! ahe 4ou!ai!1 ba1e" Thu1 he 1e.ie1 o5 co!diio!1 -.e1e!edi! he 1ua ca! be 4a--ed ou i! he ab1.ac a1 5ollo61

=u!da!e O.de.

I/!o.a!ce ?a9i


20/67

Bi.h ?


21/67

-icu.ed a1 a 1e o5 -.io. cau1e1 /i9i!/ .i1e o a! e55ec bu ca!!e9e. be adeuaely a!d co..ecly co4-.ehe!ded i! e.41 o5hi1 4odel" Wha 6e ha9e he.e i1 !o a! i!1a!ce o5 1i4-le8o!e7di.ecio!al cau1aliy -.oceedi!/ 5o.6a.d u!4odi5ied i! a1.ai/h li!e 6e ha9e8 .ahe.8 a 1-ecie1 o5 eleolo/ical cau1aliy

i!9ol9i!/ -u.-o1e8 i!elli/e!ce8 a!d -la!!ed 1.i9i!/ 1i4ula!eou1ly-.o


22/67

o! h.ou/h he cou!e.7co!diio!1 do6! o he /ai! o5 5aihi! he .ue Dha44a"deah a1 he 5u!da4e!al 4a!i5e1aio! o5 he 1u55e.i!/ 6hich6ei/h1 u-o! he 6o.ld8 a!d 5ollo61 i1 chai! o5 co!diio!1 backo i/!o.a!ce a1 he u!de.lyi!/ .oo"& A!ohe.8 co4-le4e!a.y

li!e 1a.1 6ih he de5ile4e!1 a1 he -.i!ci-al ob1.ucio!o e4a!ci-aio!" I he! 5i!d1 he de5ile4e!1 o be 1u1ai!edby i/!o.a!ce8 i/!o.a!ce by he di1.aced 4i!d8 a!d he di1.aced4i!d by a cau1al !e:u1 /oi!/ back o lack o5 5aih i!he .ue Dha44a") F.o4 hi1 he co!clu1io! 5ollo618 a1 1ho6!i! he 2-a!i1a Sua8 ha o achie9e deli9e.a!ce he de5ile4e!14u1 be .e4o9ed h.ou/h di1-a11io!8 o .each di1-a11io!i/!o.a!ce 4u1 be o9e.co4e by co..ec u!de.1a!di!/8 oa.ou1e u!de.1a!di!/ he 4i!d 4u1 be co!ce!.aed8 a!d 1o

I! boh ca1e1 he .e9e.1e di.ecio! o5 he 1eue!ial lo/ic.e9eal1 he -eculia. !au.e o5 he -ah7/oal .elaio!1hi-" The6o 1a!d o/ehe. i! a bo!d o5 .eci-.ocal dee.4i!aio!8 he-ah leadi!/ o he achie9e4e! o5 he /oal a!d he /oal /i9i!/5o.4 a!d co!e! o he -ah" I! addiio! o he 5o.6a.d h.u1o5 he -ah8 he.e i1 hu1 a ba1ic 5eedback e4a!ai!/ 5.o4he /oal8 1o ha he /oal ca!8 i! a 1e!1e8 /e!e.ae ou o5 i1el5h.ou/h he ci.cui 1y1e4 o5 4a!1 co!1iuio!al ca-aciie1he 1e.ie1 o5 4ea1u.e1 !eeded o b.i!/ abou i1 acualiaio!"Thi1 .elaio!1hi- i1 a!alo/ou1 o he .elaio! be6ee! a /uided4i11ile a!d i1 4obile a./e" The 4i11ile doe1 !o .each i1a./e 4e.ely h.ou/h i1 o6! i!iial h.u1 a!d di.ecio!" I5i!d1 i -.eci1ely becau1e i i1 bei!/ co!.olled by 1i/!al1 hea./e i1 i1el5 e4ii!/"

K K K

&" See SN XII"(7,'"

)" See AN X";,8;#


23/67

Faih ?Saddha@

S2FFERING IS THE S2PPORTING CONDITION FOR FAITH A5e.a11e.i!/ a1 he la1 1e- i! he 4u!da!e 1eue!ce ha bi.hi1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. 1u55e.i!/8 he 1ua 16iche1

o9e. o he .a!1ce!de!al 1e.ie1 6ih he -.o!ou!ce4e! ha1u55e.i!/ i1 he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. 5aih" Wih .e1-eco boh a11e.io!1 he -.e1e! 5o.4ulaio! di9e./e1 5.o4 heu1ual 9e.1io! o5 6el9e75aco.ed de-e!de! a.i1i!/" I! heu1ual 9e.1io! he 5o.6a.d 1eue!ce e!d1 6ih he 1ae4e!ha bi.h i1 he co!diio! 5o. a/i!/7a!d7deah8 1o..o68 la4e!aio!8-ai!8 /.ie58 a!d de1-ai." Wih hi1 i co!clude18 lea9i!/u!1aed he i4-lied a5e.4ah J ha hi1 4a11 o5 1u55e.i!/6ill /e!e.ae a!e6 he 5u!da4e!al i/!o.a!ce a he head o5he 6hole 1e.ie18 hu1 be/i!!i!/ a!ohe. .u! h.ou/h he cycle"The 5ac ha 1u55e.i!/ he.e .e-lace1 a/i!/7a!d7deah a1 hela1 4e4be. o5 he 1a41a.ic -a. o5 he 1e.ie1 he.e5o.e ha1a 1-ecial i4-o.a!ce" I cauio!1 u1 o he i4-e!di!/ cha!/e81i/!ali!/ ha 6e a.e abou o 6i!e118 i! he -.o/.e11io! o5li!k1 o 5ollo68 !o


24/67

1-u.1 he a6ake!i!/ o5 he .eli/iou1 co!1ciou1!e11 i! ha ii1 he e:-e.ie!ce o5 1u55e.i!/ 6hich 5i.1 ea.1 u1 ou o5 ou.bli!d ab1o.-io! i! he i44ediacy o5 e4-o.al bei!/ a!d 1e1u1 i! 1ea.ch o5 a 6ay o i1 .a!1ce!de!ce" Whehe. i! he5o.4 o5 -ai!8 5.u1.aio!8 o. di1.e118 1u55e.i!/ .e9eal1 he

ba1ic i!1ecu.iy o5 he hu4a! co!diio!8 1hae.i!/ ou. !ai9eo-i4i14 a!d u!ue1io!ed .u1 i! he /ood!e11 o5 he /i9e!o.de. o5 hi!/1" I h.o61 be5o.e ou. a6a.e!e118 i! a 6ay 6eca!!o e9ade8 he 9a1 /ul5 1.echi!/ be6ee! ou. i!/.ai!ede:-ecaio!1 a!d he -o11ibiliie1 5o. hei. 5ul5ill4e! i! a6o.ld !e9e. 5ully 1u1ce-ible o do4i!aio! by ou. 6ill1" I4ake1 u1 call i!o ue1io! ou. 1che4e1 o5 9alue1 buil u-o!he bed.ock o5 -e.1o!al e:-edie!ce" I lead1 o a .e9aluaio!o5 all 9alue1 a!d a !e6 1cale o5 6o.h i!di55e.e! o he clai41o5 1el57co!ce.!" A!d i o-e!1 u1 o co!5ide!ce i! a! u!1ee!o.de. o5 .elaio!1 a!d i!e.7co!!ecio!18 a! o.de. i! 6hich he9alue1 ha e4e./e8 1o o5e! i! 5o.ce5ul o--o1iio! o he old86ill 5i!d hei. -.o-e.


25/67

co4e o 1ee ha he b.eedi!/ /.ou!d o5 1u55e.i!/ lie1 !o 1o4uch i! he ou1ide 6o.ld a1 a he ba1e o5 ou. o6! bei!/8 a!dha a!y cu.e ha i1 o be -e.4a!e!ly e55eci9e 4u1 u-.ooi a hi1 i!6a.d 1ou.ce"4i!d1 6ih -aie!ce a!d cou.a/e8 1.e!/he! ou. ca-aciie1

5o. e!du.a!ce8 a!d 1eek o .e1ol9e he -.oble4 i! a .eali1ic4a!!e." Bu hou/h he 1eco!d a--.oach i1 de5i!iely o be-.e5e..ed o he 5i.18 i! !eihe. ca1e doe1 ha i!6a.d .e9oluio!ake -lace 6hich a6ake!1 u1 o ou. e:.e4e !eed 5o.deli9e.a!ce a!d co4-el1 u1 o 1e o55 i! a !e6 di.ecio! -.e9iou1lyu!k!o6! a!d u!e:-lo.ed" The u./e 5o. libe.aio! ca!o!ly 1e i! 6he! -ai! a!d 1o..o6 ha9e bee! co!5.o!ed 6ih.e5leci9e a6a.e!e11 a!d .eco/!ied a1 1y4-o41 o5 a dee-e.ail4e! de4a!di!/ a .adical he.a-y" The ue1 5o. a co!clu1i9e1oluio! o he -.oble4 o5 1u55e.i!/ be/i!1 6ih a! ac o5u!de.1a!di!/8 !o 6ih 4e.e .ibulaio!" I 1a.1 5.o4 he.ealiaio! ha 1u55e.i!/ i1 4o.e ha! a cha!ce e!c.oach4e!u-o! a 1ae o5 a55ai.1 ohe.6i1e 5eliciou18 ha i i1 a 4alady6hich i!5ec1 ou. bei!/ u-6a.d1 5.o4 i1 9e.y .oo" We 4u1

The a.i1i!/ o5 1uch a .ealiaio! de-e!d1 u-o! he ado-io!o5 a !e6 -e.1-eci9e 5.o4 6hich he 5ac o5 1u55e.i!/ ca!be 5aced i! i1 5ull .a!/e a!d u!i9e.1aliy" Thou/h 1i!/le i! i1e11e!ce8 1u55e.i!/ o. dukkha ye di9ide1 i!o h.ee 1a/e1 o.ie.1 i! acco.da!ce 6ih he le9el o5 u!de.1a!di!/ 5.o4 6hichi i1 9ie6ed",' A he 4o1 ele4e!a.y le9el 1u55e.i!/ a--ea.1a1 -hy1ical -ai! a!d o--.e11io!8 4a!i5e1 4o1 clea.ly i! hee9e!1 o5 bi.h8 1ick!e118 a/i!/ a!d deah8 a1 6ell a1 i! hu!/e.8hi.18 -.i9aio!8 a!d bodily di1co45o." A a hi/he. le9el ico4e1 o be 1ee! a1 a -1ycholo/ical 5ac J a1 he 1o..o6 a!d

,'" See La4a A!a/a.ika Go9i!da8 The P1ycholo/ical Aiude o5 Ea.ly Buddhi1Philo1o-hy8 ?Lo!do!8 ,);)@8 --" ()7+#"


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-a.icula. o he u!i9e.1al" I i1 o!ly 6he! 6e 1ee clea.ly 5o..o68 la4e!aio!8 -ai!8 /.ie58 a!d de1-ai.8 1u!k i! 1u55e.i!/8o9e.co4e by 1u55e.i!/ ?=N #)@8 ha 6e a.e .eally .eady 5o.he 4ea!1 o b.i!/ hi1 u!1ai15aco.y co!diio! o a! e!d"5.u1.aio! 1-.i!/i!/ 5.o4 ou. 1e-a.aio! 5.o4 6ha i1 de1i.ed8

ou. 4eei!/ 6ih 6ha i1 di1liked8 a!d he di1a--oi!4e! o5ou. e:-ecaio!1" A!d a he hi.d a!d hi/he1 le9el 1u55e.i!/beco4e1 4a!i5e1 i! i1 e11e!ial 5o.48 a1 he i!he.e! u!1ai15aco.i!e11o5 he 1a41a.ic .ou!d i! 6hich 6e u.! 6ihou-u.-o1e o! accou! o5 ou. i/!o.a!ce a!d aach4e!1" The1eh.ee ie.1 a.e !o 4uually e:clu1i9e" I! each ca1e he lo6e.le9el 1e.9e1 a1 ba1i1 5o. he hi/he.8 by 6hich i i1 ab1o.bed a!dco4-.ehe!ded" Thu18 hou/h he -e!e.aio! o5 he hi/he11a/e8 he e11e!ial 1u55e.i!/ co4-.i1ed i! he 5i9e cli!/i!/a//.e/ae1 ?-aQcu-ada!akkha!dha@8 .e-.e1e!1 he cli4a:o5 u!de.1a!di!/8 hi1 .ealiaio! co4e1 a1 he 5.ui o5 a lo!/-e.iod o5 -.e-a.aio! /.ou!ded u-o! he 5i.1 5la1h o5 i!1i/hi!o he ba1ic i!adeuacy o5 he hu4a! co!diio!" Such a!i!1i/h u1ually da6!1 h.ou/h -a.icula. e:-e.ie!ce1 y-icalo5 he 5i.1 6o 1a/e1 o5 1u55e.i!/ J h.ou/h 1udde! -ai!8 lo11o. di1a--oi!4e!8 o. h.ou/h ch.o!ic a!:iey8 co!5u1io!8 a!ddi1.e11" Bu i! o.de. o beco4e he 1i4ulu1 o a hi/he. cou.1eo5 de9elo-4e!8 ou. 9i1io! 4u1 be ca-able o5 .i1i!/ 5.o4 heou.1el9e1 ha 6e a.e 1u!k i! bi.h8 a/i!/8 a!d deah8 i! 1o.

Si!ce i i1 1u55e.i!/ ha i4-el1 u1 o 1eek he 6ay o libe.aio!81u55e.i!/ i1 called he 1u--o.i!/ co!diio! 5o. 5aih" Byi1el58 ho6e9e.8 he co!5.o!aio! 6ih 1u55e.i!/ e9e! a hele9el o5 4au.e .e5lecio! i1 !o 1u55icie! o /e!e.ae 5aih"Fo. 5aih o a.i1e 6o co!diio!1 a.e .eui.ed he 5i.1 i1 hea6a.e!e11 o5 1u55e.i!/8 6hich 4ake1 u1 .eco/!ie he !eed 5o.a libe.ai9e -ah he 1eco!d i1 he e!cou!e. 6ih a eachi!/


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1c.i-u.al .eco.d18 5aih beco4e1 1eled i! he Buddha a1 heo deli9e.a!ce i! he Dha44a a1 hi1 eachi!/ a!d he -ahleadi!/ o deli9e.a!ce a!d i! he Sa!/ha a1 he co44u!iy o5he Buddha1 di1ci-le1 6ho ha9e 9e.i5ied hi1 eachi!/ h.ou/hhei. o6! di.ec e:-e.ie!ce8 a!d he!ce 4ay be .elied u-o! 5o.

/uida!ce i! ou. o6! -u.1ui o5 he /oal"ha -.oclai41 a libe.ai9e -ah" The!ce he Buddha 1ay1 ha5aih ha1 5o. i1 !u.i4e! hea.i!/ he e:-o1iio! o5 he .ueDha44a",, Saddha8 he 5aih ha co4e1 i!o bei!/ a1 a .e1ulo5 hea.i!/ he e:-o1iio! o5 he .ue Dha44a8 i1 e11e!ially a!aiude o5 .u1 a!d co44i4e! di.eced o uli4ae e4a!ci-aio!"I! o.de. 5o. 1uch 5aih o a.i1e a!d beco4e a d.i9i!/5o.ce o5 1-i.iual de9elo-4e!8 i 4u1 4ee 6ih a! ob


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-a.ed o a ha!d i! ha i i1 !eeded o ake hold o5 be!e5icial-.acice18 a!d o a 1eed i! ha i i1 he 9ialii!/ /e.4 5o. he/.o6h o5 he hi/he. 9i.ue1"

Be!eah i1 1ee4i!/ 1i4-liciy i i1 a co4-le: -he!o4e!o!

co4bi!i!/ i!ellecual8 e4oio!al8 a!d co!ai9e ele4e!1"I!ellecually 5aih i4-lie1 a 6illi!/!e11 o acce- o!.u1 -.o-o1iio!1 beyo!d ou. -.e1e! ca-aciy 5o. 9e.i5icaio!8-.o-o1iio!1 .elai!/ o he ba1ic e!e1 o5 he doc.i!e"Th.ou/h -.acice hi1 a11e! 6ill be .a!1laed 5.o4 belie5 i!ok!o6led/e8 bu a he ou1e he.e i1 .eui.ed a! acce-a!ce6hich ca!!o be 5ully co..obo.aed by ob


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a! 1ub4i11io! o a


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i4-e.1o!al u!i9e.1al la6 ha e!1u.e1 he -.e1e.9aio! o5 a!euilib.iu4 be6ee! deed1 a!d hei. .e1ul18 1o ha 9i.uou1deed1 b.i!/ 5o.h ha--i!e11 a!d e9il deed1 1u55e.i!/" The.ou!d o5 beco4i!/ i! 6hich 6e a.e i44e.1ed J 6he.e 6ea.e bo.!8 /.o6 old8 1u55e.8 a!d die J hi1 .ou!d i1 c.eaed by

ou.1el9e18 5a1hio!ed ou o5 ou. o6! bli!d!e11 a!d c.a9i!/" Webuild he .ou!d ou.1el9e1 a!d 6e ca! b.i!/ i o a! e!d byou.1el9e18 by e.adicai!/ hi1 6o.ld71u1ai!i!/ i/!o.a!ce a!dde1i.e" The -ah o libe.aio! i1 .e9ealed i! all i1 -.acicaldeail1 6ih 5ull -.eci1io! a!d cla.iy" I i1 a -ah o5 co!duca!d i!1i/h each 4a! 4u1 .ead 5o. hi41el58 1ucce11 bei!/de-e!de! e!i.ely o! hi1 o6! dili/e!ce8 1i!ce.iy a!d e!e./y8a!d o! hi1 ca-aciie1 5o. .e!u!ciaio! a!d u!de.1a!di!/"

The /ai! o5 5aih i! he .ue Dha44a hu1 -oi!1 o a!oule 5.o4 he co!e!io! o5 o--o1ed ale.!ai9e18 !eihe. o56hich ca! be ha--ily e4b.aced" I e:hau11 he -.e11u.e1 o5a! a--a.e! dead7e!d8 a!d a1 he 1.e11 a!d e!1io! 5all a6ayhe.e 1-.i!/1 u- a 1u./e o5


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1ele18 a!d he 6ae. beco4e1 -u.e8 1e.e!e8 a!d 16ee7a1i!/85i o be d.u!k by he 4o!a.ch" Si4ila.ly8 i i1 1aid8 6he! he/e4 o5 5aih i1 1e u- i! he hea. i cau1e1 he hi!d.a!ce1 odi1a--ea.8 he de5ile4e!1 o 1ele8 a!d he 4i!d o beco4eclea.8 lucid8 a!d 1e.e!e",

The 1.e!/he!i!/ o5 co!5ide!ce i! he oba!dy Buddhi1 Publicaio! Sociey@8 --" '7,"

,(" Ibid" Pakkha!da!alakkha! Saddha

,+" Ibid"8 -","

,;" i1uddhi4a//a8 I")&" Bhikkhu a!a4oli8 .a!1" The Pah o5 Pu.i5icaio!8.d ed" ?>a!dy ,)$+" Buddhi1 Publicaio! Sociey@ -";"


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ea1e o5 co!1cie!ce a!d bli11 o5 bla4ele11!e11 1e i! bo.! o5he k!o6led/e ha o!e1 acio!1 a.e beyo!d .e-.oach" The!cehe Buddha decla.e1 6hole1o4e .ule1 o5 co!duc o ha9e5.eedo4 5.o4 .e4o.1e a1 hei. be!e5i a!d .e6a.d"ha co4e1 h.ou/h .ealii!/ o!e1 -u.iy co!5i.41 he co!5ide!ce o.i/i!ally -laced i! he eachi!/"

The.eby i a.ou1e11ill 1.o!/e. 5aih a!d a de1i.e 5o. 5u.he. a--licaio! o heo i!culcae a! i!!e. di1-o1iio! o5 9i.ue by co!.olli!/ bodilya!d 9e.bal acio!1" The code1 o5 .ule1 9a.y i! 1co-e 5.o4 he5i9e ba1ic -.ece-1 o5 he Buddhi1 lay4a! o he 4o.e ha!##$ .ai!i!/ .ule1 u!de.ake! by he bhikkhu o. 5ully o.dai!ed4o!k8 bu all 1ha.e he co44o! cha.ace.i1ic o5 di1ci-li!i!/beha9io." Each o5 he ba1ic -.ece-1 i!9ol9e1 a! e:-lici -.i!ci-leo5 ab1i!e!ce .eui.i!/ o be ob1e.9ed a!d a! i4-lici4e!al aiude o be culi9aed h.ou/h 1uch ab1i!e!ce" The5o.4e. co!1i11 i! ab1e!io! 5.o4 he u!6hole1o4e acio!1o5 aki!/ li5e8 1eali!/8 1e:ual abu1e8 5al1e 1-eech a!d -a.aki!/o5 i!o:ica!1 he lae. call1 5o. a -e.1i1e! e55o. ode9elo- a 4i!d o5 co4-a11io!8 ho!e1y8 -u.iy8 .uh5ul!e118a!d 1ob.iey" The i44ediae .e1ul o5 li9i!/ i! co!5o.4iy6ih he1e /uideli!e1 o .i/h acio! i1 he a.i1i!/ o5 a 1e!1e o55.eedo4 5.o4 .e4o.1e ?a9i--ai1a.a@" Re4o.1e8 a 5eeli!/ o5.e/.e o9e. 4o.al .a!1/.e11io! a!d !e/lec8 e!d1 o -.o9oke/uil8 a/iaio!8 a!d 1el57.ec.i4i!aio!" Whe!8 h.ou/h clo1eadhe.e!ce o he -.ece-18 he 4i!d i1 5.eed 5.o4 .e4o.1e8 a!,$ The


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Ra-u.e ?Pii@

O3 IS THE S2PPORTING CONDITION FOR RAPT2RE Thou/h 5o.ce.ai! i!di9idual1 1e.e!e 5aih i! he ob


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ci.cle1 called ka1i!a18 he ce4ee.y co!e4-laio!18 he .ecollecio!1o5 he h.ee .e5u/e ob


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o! he ob


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he ec1aic e:ulaio! 1-a.ked o55 by .a-u.e beco4e1 5el a1a! ob1.ucio! o he de9elo-4e! o5 4e!al u!i5icaio!8 a co..u-io!o5 he .ai!i!/ 6hich 4u1 be -aci5ied a!d 1illed"

Ra-u.e i1el5 6ill .e4ai! a1 a 5aco. o5 4ediai9e de9elo-4e!

u- o he hi.d ab1o.-io!8 bu o -e.4i 5u.he. -.o/.e11i1 de.i4e!al e!de!cie1 ha9e o be 1ubli4aed" Th.ou/hco!i!ued a--licaio! o he -.acice .a-u.e beco4e1 4o.e.e5i!ed8 1heddi!/ he heaed e1 o5 i1 i!iial 5o.41" Wih i1.e5i!e4e! i i!c.ea1i!/ly e9oke1 alo!/ 6ih i1el5 a!ohe.ualiy called .a!uilliy ?-a11addhi@" T.a!uilliy i1 cha.ace.iedby he uiei!/ do6! o5 4e!al di1u.ba!ce1" I.e4o9e1 a/iaio! a!d .e1le11!e118 i4-a.i!/ o he 4i!d a1oohi!/ cal4 co4-a.able o he cool 1hade o55e.ed by a .eeo .a9ele.1 o--.e11ed by he 1u!1 hea" T.a!uilliy o-e.ae1i! 6o co7occu..e! 5o.418 .a!uilliy o5 body a!d.a!uilliy o5 4i!d8 6he.e 4i!d 1i/!i5ie1 he a//.e/ae o5co!1ciou1!e11 a!d body8 !o he -hy1ical o./a!i148 bu he/.ou- o5 co!1ciou1!e117ad


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T.a!uilliy 5u.he. i!duce1 i! boh co!1ciou1!e11 a!di1 ad


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he ha--i!e11 co!diio!ed by .a!uilliy8 he -lea1u.e 6hich1-.i!/1 u- i! 4ediaio! a1 di1u.ba!ce1 1ub1ide"

Ra-u.e i1 .elai9ely coa.1e i! ualiy a!d ha--i!e11 1uble"The!ce8 hou/h .a-u.e i1 al6ay1 acco4-a!ied by ha--i!e118 i!

he hi/he. 4ediai9e aai!4e! o5 he hi.d


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ob1.ucio!1 o boh 1e.e!iy a!d i!1i/h8 he ea.ly 1a/e1 o5he -ah a.e -.i4a.ily co!ce.!ed 6ih hei. debiliaio! a!deli4i!aio!"

The eli4i!aio! o5 he hi!d.a!ce1 -.io. o aai!i!/ acce11

i1 b.ou/h abou by 4ea!1 o5 6o 4ehod18 o!e 1-eci5icallydi.eced o each hi!d.a!ce 1e-a.aely8 he ohe. a--licable oall a o!ce" The 5o.4e. i1 o be e4-loyed 6he! a -a.icula.hi!d.a!ce ob.ude1 i1el5 6ih -e.1i1e! 5o.ce8 he lae. o!ohe. occa1io!1 6he! !o o!e hi!d.a!ce 1ee41 e1-ecially co!1-icuou1"The 1-eci5ic 4ehod i!9ol9e1 he .e9e.1i!/ o5 hecau1al 1iuaio! ou o5 6hich he hi!d.a!ce de9elo-1" Si!ceeach de5ili!/ 5aco. i1 a co!diio!ed -he!o4e!o! co4i!/ i!oe:i1e!ce h.ou/h di1i!c cau1e18 he key o i1 eli4i!aio! lie1i! a--lyi!/ he a--.o-.iae a!idoe o i1 cau1al ba1e" Thu11e!1ual de1i.e a.i1e1 o! accou! o5 u!1kill5ul ae!io! o hea.aci9e 5eau.e1 o5 hi!/18 o allu.i!/ ob


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Co!ce!.aio! ?Sa4adhi@

HAPPINESS IS THE S2PPORTING CONDITION FOR CONCENTRATIONThe aai!4e! o5 acce11 1i/!al1 a 4a


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a.e ali/!ed 6ih he hi!d.a!ce1 i! a di.ec o!e7o7o!e .elaio!o5 o--o1iio!8 1uch ha each


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5aco. !eedi!/ o be eli4i!aed8 a!d o .i1e 5.o4 he hi.d ohe 5ou.h


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>!o6led/e a!d i1io! ?a!a da11a!a@

CONCENTRATION IS THE S2PPORTING CONDITION FOR THE >NOWLEDGEAND ISION OF THINGS AS THE3 REALL3 ARE De1-ie helo5i!e11 a!d 1ubli4iy o5 he1e e:aled aai!4e!18 i44e.1io!

i! dee- co!ce!.aio! i1 !o he e!d o5 he Buddhi1 -ah" Theu!i5icaio! o5 co!1ciou1!e11 e55eced by 1e.e!iy 4ediaio! i1o!ly a 4ea!1 o a 5u.he. 1a/e o5 -.acice" Thi1 1a/e8 u1he.edi! by he !e: li!k i! he 1e.ie18 he k!o6led/e a!d 9i1io! o5hi!/1 a1 hey .eally a.e ?yahabhua7Qa!ada11a!a@8 i1 hede9elo-4e! o5 i!1i/h ?9i-a11a!a bha9a!a@"

Th.ou/h hi1 dee- co!ce!.aio! he yo/i! i1 able o 1u--.e11he de5ile4e!18 o b.i!/ he4 o a 1ae o5 uie1ce!ce6he.e hey !o lo!/e. i!9ade he aci9e -.oce11e1 o5 hou/h"Bu be!eah he 1u.5ace 1ill!e11 he de5ile4e!1 lie lae!8.eady o 1-.i!/ u- a/ai! i5 -.o9oked" A1 lo!/ a1 he de5ile4e!1.e4ai! -.e1e!8 e9e! i5 o!ly i! do.4a! 5o.48 .elea1e5.o4 1u55e.i!/ ha1 ye o be achie9ed8 5o. he lae!cie1 o5 hede5ile4e!1 lyi!/ uiely i! he 4e!al co!i!uu4 ca! 1ill.e/e!e.ae he 1a41a.ic .ou!d o5 co!i!ued bi.h a!d deah"The lae! e!de!cie1 a.e he 1eed1 o5 .e!e6ed e:i1e!ce86hich b.i!/ abou a .e7a.i1i!/ o5 he 1.ea4 o5 co!1ciou1!e11a!d he!ce o5 all he .e4ai!i!/ li!k1 i! he 1a41a.ic chai!"To e!d he .ou!d a!d aai! deli9e.a!ce he de5ile4e!1 4u1be co4-leely de1.oyed i i1 !o e!ou/h 4e.ely o 1u--.e11he4" The de1.ucio! o5 he de5ile4e!1 ca!!o be b.ou/habou by co!ce!.aio! alo!e8 5o. co!ce!.aio!8 e9e! a i1dee-e1 le9el18 ca! o!ly e55ec he 1u1-e!1io! o5 hei. aci9iy8!o hei. e.adicaio!" To de1.oy he de5ile4e!1 do6!o hei. boo44o1 1.au4 o5 lae!cy 1o4ehi!/ 4o.e i1!eeded J -aQQa8 he 6i1do4 6hich -e!e.ae1 he .ue 4a.k


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de5ile4e!18 e-io4ied i! he ca!ke.18 a.e o!ly de1.oyed5o. o!e 6ho o9e.co4e1 i/!o.a!ce by he 6i1do4 6hich k!o61a!d 1ee1 hi!/1 a1 hey a.e"

The co4-ou!d e:-.e11io! k!o6led/e a!d 9i1io!8 i!dicae1

ha he ki!d o5 k!o6led/e o be de9elo-ed i1 !o 4e.e co!ce-ualu!de.1a!di!/8 bu k!o6led/e 6hich i! i1 di.ec!e11 a!di44ediacy i1 aki! o 9i1ual -e.ce-io! " Co!ce-ual u!de.1a!di!/i1 o5e! !eeded o clea. a6ay he i!ellecual ob1.ucio!1 oa co..ec -e.1-eci9e8 bu i 4u1 e9e!ually yield o he li/h o5di.ec e:-e.ie!ce" To achie9e hi1 e:-e.ie!ial u!de.1a!di!/i i1 !ece11a.y o e!e. u-o! he -.acice o5 he 1eco!d 1y1e4o5 Buddhi1 4ediaio!8 he de9elo-4e! o5 i!1i/h" The -.aciceo5 i!1i/h 4ediaio! ai41 a di1lod/i!/ he de5ile4e!1 bye.adicai!/ he i/!o.a!ce a hei. ba1e" I/!o.a!ce i1 o9e.co4eby /e!e.ai!/8 h.ou/h 4i!d5ul ob1e.9aio!8 a di.ec i!1i/hi!o hi!/1 a1 hey .eally a.e" The 4ae.ial u-o! 6hich i!1i/h6o.k1 i1 -.eci1ely he 1-he.e 6he.e i/!o.a!ce i1 co!cealed8 ou.o6! -1ycho7-hy1ical e:-e.ie!ce" I1 4ehod i1 he a--licaio!o5 4i!d5ul!e11 o. di1ce.!i!/ a6a.e!e11 o hi1 1-he.e 6ihoui!e..u-io! a!d i! all aci9iie1"

I! he di1cou.1e he Buddha 1ae1 ha 6ha 4u1 be k!o6!a!d 1ee! a1 hey a.e i1 he 5i9e a//.e/ae1 J hei. !au.e8 hei.a.i1i!/8 a!d hei. -a11i!/ a6ay" The 5i9e a//.e/ae1 J 4ae.ial5o.48 5eeli!/8 -e.ce-io!8 4e!al 5o.4aio!18 a!d co!1ciou1!e11J a.e he ba1ic cae/o.ie1 1.ucu.i!/ he Buddha1 a!aly1i1o5 e:-e.ie!ce" Each e:-e.ie!ial occa1io!8 5.o4 he Buddhi1-e.1-eci9e8 i1 a co4-le: -.oce11 i!9ol9i!/ a !u4be. o5 5aco.15u!cio!i!/ i! u!i1o!" To !o.4al8 !o!7a!alyical co!1ciou1!e11hi1 u!i5ied co4-le: a--ea.1 a1 a u!i5o.4 4a118 a 5al1ea--ea.a!ce 6hich8 6he! acce-ed a 5ace 9alue8 lead1 o hea11u4-io! o5 a 1i4-le 1olid 1el5 a1 he -e.4a!e! 1ub


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co/!iio!" The a11u4-io! o5 -e.4a!e! 1el5hood Buddhi14hold1 o be he ba1ic co!ce-ual e..o. do4i!ai!/ ou. 4e!alho.io!" I i1 he oue.4o1 1hell o5 e/oi1ic -.o


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be b.ou/h i!o -lay o e55ec he .eui.ed di11ecio!" Wih hi14i!d 4ade clea. a!d -lia! a1 a .e1ul o5 co!ce!.aio!8 heyo/i! ae!d1 o he di9e.1e -he!o4e!a co4i!/ i!o .a!/e o5hi1 a6a.e!e11" The -he!o4e!a a.e ae!ded o a1 hey beco4e4a!i5e1 o dee.4i!e hei. 1alie! cha.ace.i1ic1 he!8 o!

hi1 ba1i18 hey a.e a11i/!ed o hei. a--.o-.iae -lace a4o!/he a//.e/ae1" Whae9e. i1 -hy1ical belo!/1 o he a//.e/aeo5 4ae.ial 5o.4 6hae9e. .e/i1e.1 a55eci9e o!e i1 5eeli!/6hae9e. !oice1 he ob


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1el5le11!e11" I4-e.4a!e!ce i1 /e!e.ally he 5i.1 cha.ace.i1ico be di1ce.!ed8 a1 i beco4e1 clea. h.ou/h he i44ediaeae!io! /i9e! o .i1e a!d 5all" The -e.ce-io! o5 i4-e.4a!e!celead1 di.ecly o i!1i/h i!o he ohe. 4a.k18 6hich5ollo6 !au.ally 5.o4 he 5i.1" The !oio! o5 ha--i!e118 o.

-lea1u.e8 a he le9el o5 -hilo1o-hical u!de.1a!di!/ .ahe.ha! 4e.e 5eeli!/8 hi!/e1 u-o! a! i4-lici !oio! o5 -e.4a!e!ce"I5 1o4ehi!/ i1 o be .uly a 1ou.ce o5 ha--i!e11 i 4u1be -e.4a!e!" Wha i1 i4-e.4a!e! i1 i!ca-able o5 yieldi!/la1i!/ ha--i!e11 a!d 1ecu.iy8 a!d he.e5o.e u.!1 ou8 u!de.e:a4i!aio!8 o be .eally u!1ai15aco.y8 a -oe!ial 1ou.ce o51u55e.i!/" The !oio! o5 1el5hood i! u.! .e11 u-o! he 6o-illa.1 o5 -e.4a!e!ce a!d -lea1u.e" Wha i1 i4-e.4a!e! a!du!1ai15aco.y ca!!o be ide!i5ied a1 a 1el58 5o. i lack1 a!y1olid u!cha!/i!/ co.e u-o! 6hich he !oio! o5 1el5hood ca!be /.ou!ded" Thu1 he i4-e.4a!e!8 u!1ai15aco.y -he!o4e!aco4-.i1ed i! he 5i9e a//.e/ae1 u.! ou o ha9e a hi.dcha.ace.i1ic8 he a1-ec o5 1el5le11!e11" The .ealiaio! o5he1e h.ee cha.ace.i1ic1 J i4-e.4a!e!ce8 u!1ai15aco.i!e118a!d 1el5le11!e11 J h.ou/h u!4ediaed i!1i/h i1 hek!o6led/e a!d 9i1io! o5 hi!/1 a1 hey .eally a.e"

K K K

Di1e!cha!4e! ?Nibbida@

THE >NOWLEDGE AND ISION OF THINGS AS THE3 REALL3 AREIS THE S2PPORTING CONDITION FOR DISENCHANT=ENT A1 heyo/i! co!e4-lae1 he .i1e a!d 5all o5 he 5i9e a//.e/ae18 hi1ae!io! beco4e1 .i9eed o he 5i!al -ha1e o5 he -.oce118hei. di11oluio! a!d -a11i!/ a6ay" Thi1 i!1i/h i!o he i!1a


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di1co9e.ie1 u!9eiled by ha co!e4-lai9e -.oce118 he 4i!d1a--.o-.iae .e1-o!1e o he .ealiaio!1 h.u1 u-o! i by he/.o6i!/ e:-e.ie!ce1 o5 i!1i/h" Buddha/ho1a co4-a.e1 i ohe .e9ul1io! a 4a! 6ould 5eel 6ho8 ha9i!/ /.abbed bold o5a 1!ake i! he belie5 i 6a1 a 5i1h8 6ould look a i clo1ely a!d

1udde!ly .ealie he 6a1 holdi!/ a 1!ake"biliy o5 he a//.e/ae1 a he 1a4e i4e .e9eal1 hei. ba1icu!.eliabiliy" Fa. 5.o4 bei!/ he /.ou!d o5 1ai15acio! 6eu!.e5leci9ely ake he4 o be8 co!diio!ed hi!/1 a.e 1ee! obe 5.au/h 6ih -e.il 6he! adhe.ed o 6ih c.a9i!/ a!d 6.o!/9ie61" The /.o6i!/ .ealiaio! o5 hi1 5u!da4e!al i!1ecu.iyb.i!/1 a 4a.ked .a!15o.4aio! i! he 4i!d1 o.ie!aio!o6a.d1 co!diio!ed e:i1e!ce" Whe.ea1 -.e9iou1ly he 4i!d6a1 d.a6! o he 6o.ld by he lu.e o5 -.o4i1ed /.ai5icaio!8!o68 6ih he e:-o1u.e o5 he u!de.lyi!/ da!/e.8 i d.a61a6ay i! he di.ecio! o5 a di1e!/a/e4e!" Thi1 i!6a.d u.!i!/a6ay 5.o4 he -.oce11io! o5 5o.4aio!1 i1 called !ibbida"Thou/h 1o4e i4e1 .a!1laed di1/u1 o. a9e.1io!8 hee.4 1u//e118 !o e4oio!al .e-u/!a!ce8 bu a co!1ciou1ac o5 deach4e! .e1uli!/ 5.o4 a -.o5ou!d !oeic di1co9e.y"Nibbida 1i/!i5ie1 i! 1ho.8 he 1e.e!e8 di/!i5ied 6ihd.a6al5.o4 -he!o4e!a 6hich 1u-e.9e!e1 6he! he illu1io! o5 hei.-e.4a!e!ce8 -lea1u.e8 a!d 1el5hood ha1 bee! 1hae.ed byhe li/h o5 co..ec k!o6led/e a!d 9i1io! o5 hi!/1 a1 heya.e" The co44e!a.ie1 e:-lai! !ibbida a1 -o6e.5ul i!1i/h?bala9a 9i-a11a!a@8 a! e:-la!aio! co!1o!a! 6ih he 6o.d1lie.al 4ea!i!/ o5 5i!di!/ ou" I i!dicae1 he 1euel o he#

A1 ou. .e!de.i!/ i4-lie18 di1e!cha!4e! 4a.k1 he di11i-aio!o5 a! e!cha!4e! o. 5a1ci!aio! 6ih he kaleido

#" i14" XXI"()7+'8 a!a4oli8 -" $;,"


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1co-ic -lea1u.e1 o5 co!diio!ed e:i1e!ce8 6hehe. i! he 5o.4o5 1e!1e e!


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6i1do4 a1 i .eally i1 Thi1 i1 !o 4i!e8 hi1 a4 I !o8 hi1 i1!o 4y 1el5" So 1eei!/8 he i!1.uced !oble di1ci-le beco4e1di1e!cha!ed 6ih 4ae.ial 5o.48 di1e!cha!ed 6ih 5eeli!/8di1e!cha!ed 6ih -e.ce-io!8 di1e!cha!ed 6ih 4e!al 5o.4aio!18a!d di1e!cha!ed 6ih co!1ciou1!e11"

J SN XXII",+7,$

K K K

Di1-a11io! ?i.a/a@

DISENCHANT=ENT IS THE S2PPORTING CONDITION FOR DISPASSIONI! he .ail o5 di1e!cha!4e! he.e a.i1e1 a dee- yea.!i!/ 5o.deli9e.a!ce 5.o4 he .ou!d o5 1a41a.ic beco4i!/" P.e9iou1ly8-.io. o he a..i9al a co..ec k!o6led/e a!d 9i1io!8 he 4i!d4o9ed 5.eely u!de. he co!.ol o5 he i4-ul1e1 o5 deli/h a!daach4e!" Bu !o68 6ih he /.o6h o5 i!1i/h a!d he co!1eue!di1e!cha!4e! 6ih co!diio!ed e:i1e!ce8 he1ei4-ul1e1 yield o a 1.o!/ deach4e! a!d e9ol9i!/ ca-aciy 5o..e!u!ciaio!" Whae9e. e!d1 o -.o9oke /.a1-i!/ a!d adhe.e!cei1 i44ediaely aba!do!ed8 6hae9e. e!d1 o c.eae !e6i!9ol9e4e! i1 le5 behi!d" The old u./e1 o6a.d1 oue. e:e!1io!a!d accu4ulaio! /i9e 6ay o a !e6 u./e o6a.d1 .eli!ui1h4e!a1 he o!e clea.ly -e.cei9ed 6ay o .elea1e" E9e.y 4oio!o5 he 6ill beco4e1 1ubo.di!aed o he !e6ly a1ce!da! de1i.e5o. libe.aio! u1 a1 a 5i1h i! a !e8 a 5.o/ i! a 1!ake1


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The de1i.e 5o. deli9e.a!ce lead1 o a uicke!i!/ o5 i!1i/h"The ca-aciy 5o. co4-.ehe!1io! -ick1 u- !e6 1-eed8 de-h8a!d -.eci1io!" Like a 16o.d he 4i!d o5 i!1i/h76i1do4 cu1h.ou/h he !e o5 illu1io!1 5ab.icaed o! accou! o5 i/!o.a!celike a li/h i illu4i!ae1 -he!o4e!a e:acly a1 hey a.e" A1 he

-o6e. o5 i!1i/h 4ou!18 d.i9e! by he lo!/i!/ 5o. libe.aio!8a -oi! i1 e9e!ually .eached 6he.e a 5u!da4e!al u.!7abouake1 -lace i! he 1ea o5 co!1ciou1!e118 e55eci!/ a .adical.e1.ucu.i!/ o5 he 4e!al li5e" The bea47like .adia!ce o5i!1i/h e:-a!d1 i!o he 5ull lu4i!o1iy o5 e!li/he!4e!8a!d he 4i!d de1ce!d1 u-o! he 1u-.a4u!da!e -ah leadi!/di.ecly a!d i..e9e.1ibly o 5i!al deli9e.a!ce"

Thi1 .a!15o.4aio!8 1i/!i5ied by 9i.a/a o. di1-a11io!8 i1he 5i.1 1.icly 1u-.a4u!da!e ?lokua.a@ 1a/e i! he -.o/.e11io!o5 .a!1ce!de!al de-e!de! a.i1i!/" The ea.lie. li!k1i! he 1eue!ce leadi!/ u- o di1-a11io! a.e all ech!icallycla11i5ied a1 4u!da!e ?lokiya@" Thou/h loo1ely called .a!1ce!de!ali! he 1e!1e ha hey a.e di.eced o he u!co!diio!ed8hey a.e 1ill 4u!da!e i! e.41 o5 hei. 1co-e 1i!cehey o-e.ae e!i.ely 6ihi! .a!/e o5 he co!diio!ed 6o.ld"Thei. ob


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ui1h4e! a!d a 5adi!/ ou o5 de1i.e" No68 ha9i!/ .elea1ed i1/.i- o! he co!diio!ed8 he 4i!d u.!1 o he u!co!diio!ed8he deahle11 ele4e! ?a4aa dhau@8 5ocu1i!/ u-o! i a1 heo!ly 1ae 5ully adeuae o i1el5

Whae9e. i1 he.e o5 4ae.ial 5o.48 5eeli!/8 -e.ce-io!84e!al 5o.4aio!18 a!d co!1ciou1!e11 J he behold1 he1e -he!o4e!aa1 i4-e.4a!e!8 1u55e.i!/8 a1 a di1ea1e8 a boil8 a da.8a 4i15o.u!e8 a! a55licio!8 a1 alie!8 a1 deco4-o1i!/8 a1 e4-y8a1 1el5le11" He u.!1 hi1 4i!d a6ay 5.o4 he1e -he!o4e!a a!d6he! he ha1 u.!ed hi1 4i!d a6ay 5.o4 he48 he 5ocu1e1 hi14i!d o! he deahle11 ele4e!8 hi!ki!/ Thi1 i1 he -eace5ul8hi1 i1 he 1ubli4e8 ha i18 he 1illi!/ o5 all 5o.4aio!18 he.eli!ui1hi!/ o5 he 5ou!daio!18 he de1.ucio! o5 c.a9i!/8di1-a11io!8 ce11aio!8 !ibba!a" #+

Thou/h he .ealiaio! o5 he u!co!diio!ed .eui.e1 au.!i!/ a6ay 5.o4 he co!diio!ed8 i 4u1 be e4-ha1ied hahi1 .ealiaio! i1 achie9ed -.eci1ely h.ou/h he u!de.1a!di!/o5 he co!diio!ed" Nibba!a ca!!o be .eached by backi!/o55 5.o4 a di.ec co!5.o!aio! 6ih 1a41a.a o lo1e o!e1el5 i!a bli115ul obli9io! o he 6o.ld" The -ah o libe.aio! i1 a -aho5 u!de.1a!di!/8 o5 co4-.ehe!1io! a!d .a!1ce!de!ce8 !oo5 e1ca-i14 o. e4oio!al 1el57i!dul/e!ce" Nibba!a ca! o!ly beaai!ed by u.!i!/ o!e1 /ae o6a.d1 1a41a.a8 a!d 1c.ui!ii!/i i! all i1 1a.k!e11" Thi1 -.i!ci-le J ha he u!de.1a!di!/o5 he co!diio!ed i1 he 6ay o he u!co!diio!ed J hold1.ue !o o!ly i! he /e!e.al 1e!1e ha a! u!de.1a!di!/ o51u55e.i!/ i1 he 1-u. o he ue1 5o. e!li/he!4e!8 bu i! adee-e.8 4o.e -hilo1o-hical 1e!1e a1 6ell"

The -ah o !ibba!a lie1 h.ou/h he u!de.1a!di!/ o5

#+" =N ;(


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co!e4-laio! o5 1u55e.i!/ i1 called he doo. o he 6i1hle111a41a.a 5o. he .ea1o! ha he e:-e.ie!ial .ealiaio! o5he u!co!diio!ed e4e./e1 5.o4 a -.io. -e!e.aio! o5 he5u!da4e!al !au.e o5 he co!diio!ed8 6ihou 6hich i i1i4-o11ible" The 1ae1 o5 4i!d 6hich .ealie !ibba!a a.e

called libe.aio!1 ?9i4okkha@8 a!d he1e libe.aio!1 a.eh.ee5old acco.di!/ o he -a.icula. a1-ec o5 !ibba!a hey5i: u-o! J he 1i/!le11 ?a!i4ia@8 he 6i1hle11 ?a--a!ihia@8a!d e4-i!e11 ?1uQQaa@" The 1i/!le11 libe.aio! 5ocu1e1 u-o!!ibba!a a1 de9oid o5 he 1i/!1 dee.4i!ai9e o5 a co!diio!ed5o.4aio!8 he 6i1hle11 libe.aio! a1 5.ee 5.o4 he ha!ke.i!/o5 de1i.e8 a!d he e4-i!e11 libe.aio! a1 de9oid o5 a 1el5 o. o5a!y ki!d o5 1ub1a!ial ide!iy" No6 he1e h.ee libe.aio!1a.e each e!e.ed by a di1i!c /ae6ay o. doo. called he h.eedoo.1 o libe.aio!8 ?9i4okkha4ukha@"#; The1e h.ee doo.11i/!i5y -.eci1ely he co!e4-laio!1 o5 he h.ee u!i9e.1al4a.k1 o5 he co!diio!ed J i4-e.4a!e!ce8 1u55e.i!/8 a!d1el5le11!e11" I!1i/h i!o each 4a.k i1 a di55e.e! doo. leadi!/i!o he .ealiaio! o5 he u!co!diio!ed" The -.o5ou!dco!e4-laio! o5 i4-e.4a!e!ce i1 called he doo. o he 1i/!le11libe.aio!8 1i!ce co4-.ehe!1io! o5 i4-e.4a!e!ce 1.i-1a6ay he 1i/! o5 5o.4aio!1 e:-o1i!/ he 4a.kle11 .ealiy o5he i4-e.i1hable o he 9ie6 o5 he co!e4-lai9e 9i1io!" Thelibe.aio!8 1i!ce u!de.1a!di!/ o5 he 1u55e.i!/ i!he.e! i! all5o.4aio!1 d.ie1 u- he de1i.e ha .eache1 ou 5o. he4" A!ddee- co!e4-laio! o5 1el5le11!e11 i1 called he doo. o hee4-i!e11 libe.aio!8 1i!ce i e:-o1e1 he 9oid!e11 o5 1ub1a!ialide!iy i! all -he!o4e!a a!d he!ce he u!9iabiliy o5 he1el57!oio! i! .elaio! o he u!co!diio!ed" I! each clo1e he

#;" See i14" XX,";;7$8 a!a4oli8 --" $;;7$;)"


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u!de.1a!di!/ o5 he co!diio!ed a!d he .ealiaio! o5 heu!co!diio!ed a.e 5ou!d o lock o/ehe. i! di.ec co!!ecio!81o ha by -e!e.ai!/ he co!diio!ed o i1 9e.y boo4 a!d4o1 u!i9e.1al 5eau.e18 he yo/i! -a11e1 h.ou/h he doo.leadi!/ ou o5 he co!diio!ed o he 1u-.e4e 1ecu.iy o5 he

u!co!diio!ed"The 1u-.a4u!da!e co!1ciou1!e11 ha .ealie1 !ibba!adi.ecly -e!e.ae1 he 5ou. !oble .uh18 illu4i!ai!/ he4all a o!ce 6ih 1a.li!/ cla.iy u18 O 4o!k18 a1 a 4a! i!he /loo4 a!d da.k!e11 o5 he !i/h8 a he 1udde! 5la1hi!/u- o5 li/h!i!/8 1hould 6ih hi1 eye1 .eco/!ie he ob


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-e.5o.4 hi1 5ou.5old 5u!cio! o he bu.!i!/ o5 a la4-" u1a1 a la4- 1i4ula!eou1ly bu.!1 he 6ick8 di1-el1 he da.k!e118 c.eae1 li/h8 a!d u1e1 u- he oil8 1o he1u-.a4u!da!ek!o6led/e 1i4ula!eou1ly u!de.1a!d1 1u55e.i!/8 aba!do!1c.a9i!/8 .ealie1 !ibba!a8 a!d de9elo-1 he -ah"

.ealiaio!" Ri/h 9ie6 1ee1 he u!co!diio!ed .i/h hou/hdi.ec1 he 4i!d u-o! i .i/h 1-eech8 .i/h acio!8 a!d .i/hli9elihood e.adicae hei. o--o1ie1 .i/h e55o. i!9i/o.ae1 he4i!d .i/h 4i!d5ul!e11 5i:e1 ae!io! o! he u!co!diio!ed8a!d .i/h co!ce!.aio! u!i5ie1 he 4i!d i! ab1o.-io! o! heu!co!diio!ed" The a!cie!1 co4-a.e he 4i!d1 abiliy o#&

The b.eakh.ou/h o he u!co!diio!ed co4e1 i! 5ou.di1i!c 1a/e1 called he 5ou. 1u-.a4u!da!e -ah1" Each4o4e!a.y -ah7e:-e.ie!ce e.adicae1 a dee.4i!ae /.ou-o5 de5ile4e!1 .a!ked i! de/.ee1 o5 coa.1e!e11 a!d 1ubley81o ha he 5i.1 -ah eli4i!ae1 he coa.1e1 de5ile4e!1 a!dhe 5ou.h -ah he 4o1 1uble" The de5ile4e!1 cu o55 byhe -ah1 a.e /e!e.ally cla11i5ied a1 e! 5ee.1 ?1a4yo


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he 1ae o5 -e.5ec -u.i5icaio!".eu.! o he 1e!1e 1-he.e 6o.ld o!ly o!e 4o.e i4e" By eli4i!ai!/1e!1ual de1i.e a!d a9e.1io! by 4ea!1 o5 he hi.d -ah8he aai!1 he 1ae o5 a !o!7.eu.!e. ?a!a/a4i@8 !o lo!/e.bou!d o he 1e!1e 1-he.e bu headi!/ 5o. .ebi.h i! a -u.e

di9i!e abode8 6he.e he 6ill .each he 5i!al /oal" The 5ou.h-ah cu1 o55 he .e4ai!i!/ 5i9e 5ee.1 J de1i.e 5o. e:i1e!cei! he 5i!e 4ae.ial a!d i44ae.ial -la!e18 co!cei8 .e1le11!e118a!d i/!o.a!ce" Wih i1 aai!4e! he yo/i! beco4e1a! a.aha8 6ho ha1 de1.oyed all he de5ile4e!1 a!d .eached

K K K

E4a!ci-aio! ?i4ui@

DISPASSION IS THE S2PPORTING CONDITION FOR E=ANCIPATIONEach o5 he 1u-.a4u!da!e -ah74o4e!1 i1 i44ediaely 5ollo6edby 1e9e.al 4o4e!1 o5 a di55e.e! ki!d o5 1u-.a4u!da!ee:-e.ie!ce called 5.uiio! ?-hala@" F.uiio! 4a.k1 he e!


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ba!ce1 4i/h a11ail a -e.1o! o! hei. accou! !o lo!/e. a11ailhi4" E9e! hou/h 1ubli4e a!d 1.iki!/ 1e!1e ob


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c.a9i!/ 1a!d1" Bu becau1e c.a9i!/ ha1 !o6 bee! i!6a.dlye:hau1ed8 he.e lie1 ahead 5o. hi4 !o .e!e6al o5 he .ou!d o5bi.h a!d deah" All 5eeli!/18 bei!/ e:-e.ie!ced 6ih deach4e!8!o bei!/ deli/hed i!8 6ill beco4e cool" They a.ou1e!o !e6 c.a9i!/8 -.o9oke !o !e6 e:-ecaio!18 lead o !o !e6

accu4ulaio!1 o5 ka44a hey 4e.ely co!i!ue o! de9oid o55ecu!diy u!il he e!d o5 he li5e 1-a!" Wih he b.eak7u- o5he body a hi1 -a11i!/ a6ay8 he a.aha 4ake1 a! e!d o hebe/i!!i!/le11 -.oce11 o5 beco4i!/" Thi1 i1 he 1eco!d 1a/eo5 hi1 e4a!ci-aio! J e4a!ci-aio! 5.o4 .e!e6ed e:i1e!ce85.o4 5uu.e bi.h8 a/i!/8 a!d deah The 1a/e 6ho i1 a-eace i1 !o bo.!8 doe1 !o a/e8 doe1 !o die8 doe1 !o .e4ble8doe1 !o yea.!" Fo. hi4 he.e doe1 !o e:i1 ha o! accou!o5 6hich he 4i/h be bo.!" No bei!/ bo.!8 ho6 ca! he a/eMNo a/i!/8 ho6 ca! he dieM ( Becau1e8 6ih he e4a!ci-aio!5.o4 co!i!ued e:i1e!ce8 !o .e1idue o5 he a//.e/ae1 -e.1i118hi1 aai!4e! i1 called he !ibba!a ele4e! 6ihou .e1idue.e4ai!i!/" +

K K K

The >!o6led/e o5 De1.ucio! ?>haya a!a@

E=ANCIPATION IS THE S2PPORTING CONDITION FOR THE >NOWLEDGEOF DESTR2CTION Follo6i!/ each o5 he 5ou. -ah1 a!d5.ui1 he.e a.i1e1 a .e.o1-eci9e co/!iio! o. .e9ie6i!/k!o6led/e ?-acca9ekkha!a Qa!a@ 6hich .e9ie61 he de5ile4e!1ha ha9e bee! aba!do!ed by he -a.icula. -ah a!dhe de5ile4e!1 .e4ai!i!/ o be eli4i!aed" I! he ca1e o5 he

(" =N ,('"

+" A!u-adi1e1a !ibba!adhau" See Ii9uaka &"


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la1 -ah a!d 5.uiio!8 he -ah a!d 5.uiio! o5 a.aha1hi-8 he.e9ie6i!/ k!o6led/e a1ce.ai!1 ha all de5ile4e!1 ha9e bee!e.adicaed a!d ha he.e a.e !o!e le5 o be de1.oyed" Thi1k!o6led/e ce.i5yi!/ he aba!do!4e! o5 he de5ile4e!1a.i1e1 i44ediaely a5e. he 4i!d ha1 bee! libe.aed 5.o4

hei. /.i- by he 5ull -e!e.aio! o5 he 5ou. !oble .uh1He u!de.1a!d1 a1 i .eally i1 Thi1 i1 1u55e.i!/8 hi1i1 he o.i/i! o5 1u55e.i!/8 hi1 i1 he ce11aio! o5 1u55e.i!/8hi1 i1 he -ah o he ce11aio! o5 1u55e.i!/" The1ea.e he ca!ke.18 hi1 i1 he o.i/i! o5 he ca!ke.18 hi1i1 he ce11aio! o5 he ca!ke.1" Thi1 i1 he -ah o hece11aio! o5 he ca!ke.1" A1 he i1 k!o6i!/ a!d 1eei!/hu18 hi1 4i!d i1 libe.aed 5.o4 he ca!ke. o5 1e!1ualiy85.o4 he ca!ke. o5 e:i1e!ce8 a!d 5.o4 he ca!ke.o5 i/!o.a!ce" Whe! i i1 libe.aed8 he k!o6led/e a.i1e1i! hi4 I i1 libe.aed"

J =N )

A1 he e: i!dicae18 hi1 co/!ia!ce o5 he 4i!d1 libe.aio!i1 di.ec a!d -e.1o!al8 6ihou de-e!de!ce o! ohe.1" u1 a1a kee! 1i/hed 4a! ca! look i!o a -ool o5 clea.8 li4-id 6ae.a!d 1ee 5o. hi41el5 he 1hell18 -ebble18 /.a9el a!d 1hoal1 o55i1h" The libe.aed -e.1o! ca! look i!o hi41el5 a!d 1ee hahi1 4i!d ha1 bee! 1e 5.ee 5.o4 he ca!ke.1";

The .e.o1-eci9e co/!iio! o5 .elea1e i!9ol9e1 6o ac1 o5a1ce.ai!4e!" The 5i.18 called he k!o6led/e o5 de1.ucio!?khaya Qa!a@8 a1ce.ai!1 ha all de5ile4e!1 ha9e bee! aba!do!eda he .oo he 1eco!d8 he k!o6led/e o5 !o!7a.i1i!/?a!u--ade Qa!a@8 a1ce.ai!1 ha !o de5ile4e! ca! e9e. a.i1ea/ai!" The 6o o/ehe. a.e al1o called he k!o6led/e a!d

;" Ibid"


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hei. .each"9i1io! o5 e4a!ci-aio! ?9i4ui Qa!ada11a!a@8 he u1e o5 he6o.d 9i1io! a/ai! u!de.1co.i!/ he -e.ce-ual i44ediacy o5he co/!iio! by 6hich he 4i!d 9e.i5ie1 i1 o6! .elea1e 5.o4he de5ile4e!1" By -o11e11i!/ hi1 k!o6led/e8 o!e 6ho ha1

de1.oyed he de5ile4e!1 !o o!ly e:-e.ie!ce1 he 5.eedo4ha .e1ul1 5.o4 hei. de1.ucio!8 bu acui.e1 a1 6ell a!i!!e. ce.iude 6ih .e1-ec o hei. de1.ucio!" I5 a libe.aedi!di9idual o!ly e!


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bee! cu o55 6hehe. he i1 6alki!/ o. 1a!di!/ 1illo. a1lee- o. a6ake8 co!1a!ly a!d -e.-eually a.e hi1ha!d1 a!d 5ee a1 hou/h cu o55 a!d 4o.eo9e. 6hilehe i1 .e5leci!/ o! i8 he k!o61 =y ha!d1 a!d 5ee ha9ebee! cu o55" E9e! 1o8 Sa!daka8 6hae9e. 4o!k i1 a

-e.5eced o!e8 he ca!ke.1 de1.oyed8 6ho ha1 li9ed heli5e8 do!e 6ha 6a1 o be do!e8 laid do6! he bu.de!8aai!ed hi1 o6! /oal8 he 5ee.1 o5 beco4i!/ ue.lyde1.oyed8 5.eed by -e.5ec -.o5ou!d k!o6led/e8 5o.hi4 6hehe. he i1 6alki!/ o. 1a!di!/ 1ill o. a1lee-o. a6ake8 he ca!ke.1 a.e a1 hou/h de1.oyed a!d4o.eo9e. 6hile he i1 .e5leci!/ o! i8 he k!o61 =yca!ke.1 a.e de1.oyed"

J =N $; ?.a!18 I"B"Ho.!e.@

The a.aha u!de.1a!d1 ha he de5ile4e!1 he ha1 e.adicaedb.ou/h bo!da/e o he .ou!d o5 e:i1e!ce" He 1ee1 he4 a1de5ili!/8 co!duci9e o .e!e6ed e:i1e!ce8 a55lici9e8 .e1uli!/ i!1u55e.i!/8 leadi!/ o 5uu.e bi.h8 a/i!/8 a!d deah" & The!ce8by 6i!e11i!/ hei. ue. e.adicaio! i! hi41el58 he /ai!1 ce.ai!yo5 hi1 e4a!ci-aio! 5.o4 he .ou!d 2!1hakable i1 4ye4a!ci-aio!" Thi1 i1 4y la1 bi.h" The.e i1 !o6 !o .e!e6alo5 e:i1e!ce" ) Such k!o6led/e .e4ai!1 a! i!alie!able -a. o5he a.aha1 1-i.iual i!he.ia!ce" I i1 he ba1i1 5o. hi1 a11u.a!ceo5 i44u!iy 5.o4 5uu.e beco4i!/" By .ea1o! o5 hi1k!o6led/e he 1ou!d1 he lio!1 .oa. 6ih 6hich he 1eal1 hi1.iu4-h o9e. he cycle o5 .e-eaed bi.h1 De1.oyed i1 bi.h8li9ed i1 he holy li5e8 he a1k ha1 bee! co4-leed8 he.e i1 !o.eu.!i!/ o hi1 1ae"

&" =N ;"

)" =N #;"


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The Buddhi1 Publicaio! Sociey

THE B2DDHIST P2BLICATION SOCIET3 i1 a! a--.o9ed cha.iydedicaed o 4aki!/ k!o6! he Teachi!/ o5 he Buddha86hich ha1 a 9ial 4e11a/e 5o. -eo-le o5 all c.eed1"

Fou!ded i! ,)+&8 he BPS ha1 -ubli1hed a 6ide 9a.iey o5book1 a!d bookle1 co9e.i!/ a /.ea .a!/e o5 o-ic1" I1 -ublicaio!1i!clude accu.ae a!!oaed .a!1laio!1 o5 he Buddha1di1cou.1e18 1a!da.d .e5e.e!ce 6o.k18 a1 6ell a1 o.i/i!alco!e4-o.a.y e:-o1iio!1 o5 Buddhi1 hou/h a!d -.acice"The1e 6o.k1 -.e1e! Buddhi14 a1 i .uly i1 J a dy!a4ic 5o.ce6hich ha1 i!5lue!ced .ece-i9e 4i!d1 5o. he -a1 #8+'' yea.1a!d i1 1ill a1 .ele9a! oday a1 i 6a1 6he! i 5i.1 a.o1e"

A 5ull li1 o5 ou. -ublicaio!1 6ill be 1e! 5.ee o5 cha./eu-o! .eue1" W.ie o

The Ho!y" Sec.ea.yB2DDHIST P2BLICATION SOCIET3P"O" Bo: ;,+(8 Sa!/ha.aa!dy S.i La!ka

o.

BARRE CENTER FOR B2DDHIST ST2DIES,() Lock6ood RoadBa..e8 =A ',''+ 2SA

Re9i1ed Su! ,)7Oc7#''

h-%%666"acce11oi!1i/h"o./%lib%b-1%6heel1%6heel#$$"h4l

upanisa sutta

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