unu un ddr in an era of violent extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
!
!!!!The!Blue!Flag!in!Grey!Zones:!Exploring!the!relationships!between!Countering!Violent!Extremism!(CVE)!and!Disarmament,!Demobilization!and!Reintegration!(DDR)!in!UN!field!operations!!Author:!Naureen!Chowdhury!Fink!!Source:!James!Cockayne!and!Siobhan!O’Neil,!eds.,!UN#DDR#in#an#Era#of#Violent#Extremism:#Is#it#Fit#for#Purpose?!(New!York:!United!Nations!University,!2015)!!URL:!http://i.unu.edu/media/cpr.unu.edu/attachment/1122/UNWDDRWinWAnWEraWofWViolentWExtremism.pdf!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
1
Edited by James Cockayne and Siobhan O’Neil
UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism: Is It Fit for Purpose?
![Page 2: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
62 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
Naureen Chowdhury Fink
Chapter 3
The Blue Flag
in Grey Zones
Exploring the
relationships between
Countering Violent
Extremism (CVE)
and Disarmament,
Demobilization and
Reintegration (DDR) in
:3�ąJQI�TUJWFYNTSX
![Page 3: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
63 63
3 Introduction
T�`>Þ½Ã�V��«�iÝ�V��y�VÌ��>�`ÃV>«i�
increasingly features terrorist groups that
have the structures, tactics, and capacity
ÕÃÕ>��Þ�>ÃÃ�V�>Ìi`�Ü�Ì��VÀ����>��i�ÌiÀ«À�ÃiÃ]�
insurgent groups, and even states. Indeed, the
�Ã�>��V�-Ì>Ìi����Ì�i��iÛ>�Ì��-��®]89 with tens of
Ì��ÕÃ>�`Ã��v�ÌÀ��«Ã�>�`�xx]äää�õ°������iÌÀiÃ�
Õ�`iÀ��ÌÃ�V��ÌÀ��]��Ã���Ài�Ã����>À�Ì��º>�«ÃiÕ`��
ÃÌ>Ìi��i`�LÞ�>�V��Ûi�Ì���>��>À�Þ»�Ì�>��>�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�
group.90 ISIL has used its state-like capacity
to unleash an unbridled reign of violence and
ÌiÀÀ�À]�Ì�ÕÃ�Ài«ÀiÃi�Ì��}�>�Ã�}��wV>�Ì�Ì�Ài>Ì�Ì��
L�Ì��V�Û���>��«�«Õ�>Ì���Ã�>�`�}�ÛiÀ��i�ÌÃ����Ì�i�
region. ISIL is unusual in its capacity, but not alone
in its approach and aspirations. Al-Shabaab in
-��>��>�>�`������>À>����� �}iÀ�>��>Ûi����iÜ�Ãi�
ÜÀi>�i`��>Û�V�>�`�v��i�Ìi`���ÃÌ>L���ÌÞ°�/�i�À�
terrorist attacks and advances have rendered
ÃÜ>Ì�iÃ��v�ÌiÀÀ�Ì�ÀÞ���>VViÃÃ�L�i�>�`���«i`i�
`iÛi��«�i�Ì°�7�>Ì��Ã��iÜ�>L�ÕÌ�ÃÕV��}À�Õ«Ã��Ã�
Ì�>Ì�Ì�iÞ�`����Ì�Ãii��Ì��Ài«�>Vi�iÝ�ÃÌ��}�«�ÜiÀ�
ÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀiÃ]�LÕÌ�À>Ì�iÀ�Ì��ÌÀ>�Ãv�À��Ì�i�����>�
�>��iÀ�Ì�>Ì��Ã���V��«>Ì�L�i�Ü�Ì��Ì�i���ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��
ÃÌ>Ìi�ÃÞÃÌi��>Ã��Ì�ÃÌ>�`Ã�Ì�`>Þ°�
��À�Ì�i�1��Ìi`� >Ì���Ã]��>�`>Ìi`�Ì��>``ÀiÃÃ�
threats to international peace and security and
uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the
question of whether and how to engage with
such groups can no longer be an esoteric debate.
,>«�`�Þ�V�>�}��}�V��y�VÌ�`Þ�>��VÃ�«À��«Ì�Ì�i�
question of what role the organisation should
play in countering such violence and whether
89. Ƃ�Ã�����Ü�>Ã�Ì�i��Ã�>��V�-Ì>Ìi��-®]�Ì�i��Ã�>��V�-Ì>Ìi�
����À>µ�>�`�-ÞÀ�>��-�-®]��À����ƂÀ>L�V]�>`��>Ü�>Ì�
>���Ã�ń��Þ>��vř�>��½�Àńµ�Ü>�Ã��-�ń���>½�Ã�®°
90. ƂÕ`ÀiÞ��ÕÀÌ��À����]�º�-�-��Ã� �Ì�>�/iÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�
�À�Õ«\�7�Þ��Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��7��½Ì�-Ì�«�Ì�i�
�>ÌiÃÌ����>`�ÃÌ�/�Ài>Ì]»���Ài�}��Ƃvv>�ÀÃ]��>ÀV�É
Ƃ«À���Óä£x]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°v�Ài�}�>vv>�Àð
V��É>ÀÌ�V�iÃÉ£{Îä{ÎÉ>Õ`ÀiÞ��ÕÀÌ��VÀ����É
isis-is-not-a-terrorist-group.
![Page 4: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
64 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
Ì�i�iÝ�ÃÌ��}�Ì���Ã�>Û>��>L�i�Ì���Ì�v�À�«À���Ì��}�
«i>Vi�>�`�ÃiVÕÀ�ÌÞ�>Ài�wÌ�v�À�«ÕÀ«�Ãi°�/��Ã��Ã�
iëiV�>��Þ�Ì�i�V>Ãi�Ü�Ì��Ài}>À`�Ì��`�Ã>À�>�i�Ì]�
`i��L���â>Ì���]�>�`�Ài��Ìi}À>Ì������,®�ivv�ÀÌÃ]�
Ü��V��Ãii��Ì��`�Ãi�}>}i�>À�i`�V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ����V�Û���
V��y�VÌ�>�`�Ài��Ìi}À>Ìi�Ì�i��L>V����Ì��Ã�V�iÌÞ°�
Given the increasing presence of terrorist groups
>�`���`�Û�`Õ>��Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌÃ��«iÀ>Ì��}����Ì�i�
V��y�VÌÃ�Ì��Ü��V��Ì�i�1 �Àië��`Ã]�Ì�i�µÕiÃÌ����
>À�ÃiÃ�Ü�iÌ�iÀ�Ì�i�1 ��ii`Ã�>��iÝÌ�}i�iÀ>Ì����
of DDR practices that are designed to operate
���i�Û�À���i�ÌÃ�Ü�iÀi�Ì�iÀi��>Þ�Li����«i>Vi�
Ì���ii«]�>�`�Ì�i�V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ�>Ài]���Ài�À>`�V>�]�
�iÃÃ�`�ÃV�«���i`]�>�`É�À��iÃÃ�V��iÃ�Ûi�Ì�>�����
«ÀiÛ��ÕÃ�V��y�VÌð�
Given the UN’s current and potential roles in
Ì�`>Þ�>�`�Ì���ÀÀ�ܽÃ�V��«�iÝ�V��y�VÌÃ]��Ì��ii`Ã�
Ì��Li�`iÌiÀ���i`��v�iÝ�ÃÌ��}�V�Õ�ÌiÀ��}�Û���i�Ì�
iÝÌÀi��Ã��6 ®�>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì���91
ivv�ÀÌÃ�V>����v�À��ÃÌÀ>Ìi}�V�1 �«À�}À>����}]�
including DDR, or whether the latter requires a
V��«�iÌi�ÀiÌ��������V��ÌiÝÌÃ����i�-��>��>]��>��]�
Afghanistan, or Libya. This paper will begin
Ü�Ì��>�LÀ�iv���ÌÀ�`ÕVÌ����Ì��6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�
Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����>�`�Ài��Ìi}À>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃÆ�Ì�i�
ÃiV��`�ÃiVÌ����Ü����iÝ«��Ài�>Ài>Ã��v�V��ÛiÀ}i�Vi�
>�`�`�ÛiÀ}i�Vi�LiÌÜii��6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�
rehabilitation, on the one hand, and DDR on the
�Ì�iÀ°�/�i�w�>��ÃiVÌ����Ü�����ÕÌ���i�Ã��i�«À>VÌ�V>��
µÕiÃÌ���Ã�>�`�ÀiV���i�`>Ì���Ã�v�À�Ì�i�1 �Ì��
V��Ã�`iÀ�Ü�i��`iÛi��«��}���,�«À�}À>����}�v�À�
iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ�>�`�v�Ài�}��ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�w}�ÌiÀð�
militiamen gather to begin ddr. un photo/ky chung
91. Ƃ���Ìi����`iw��Ì���Ã�q�Ì��Ã�«>«iÀ�Ü����>�Ã��ÀiviÀ�Ì��ºÛ���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã�»�À>Ì�iÀ�Ì�>��ºÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�»����ÀiV�}��Ì�����v�Ì�i�
v>VÌ�Ì�>Ì�}À�Õ«Ã��>Þ�i�«��Þ�Û���i�Vi�>�`���Ì���`>Ì����Ì��vÕÀÌ�iÀ�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�>}i�`>Ã�iÛi��Ì��Õ}��ÃÕV��>VÌÃ��>Þ���Ì�
�i}>��Þ�Li�V��Ã�`iÀi`�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�°�/�i�ÌiÀ��6 ��Ã�>�Ã��Ã��iÌ��iÃ���ÌiÀV�>�}i`�Ü�Ì��º*ÀiÛi�Ì��}�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã�°»�
��À�Ì�i�«ÕÀ«�ÃiÃ��v�Ì��Ã�«>«iÀ]�º6 »�Ü����`i��Ìi�ivv�ÀÌÃ�L�Ì��Ì��«ÀiÛi�Ì�>�`�Ì��V�Õ�ÌiÀ�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã�°
![Page 5: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FLAG IN GREY ZONES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CVE AND DDR IN UN FIELD OPERATIONS65
The emergence and
evolution of CVE and terrorist
rehabilitation efforts
/�i�À>«�`�Þ�iÛ��Û��}�Ì�Ài>ÌÃ�«�Ãi`�LÞ�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��
>�`�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã��Ì��V�Û���>�Ã]���vÀ>ÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀi]�
>�`�`iÛi��«�i�Ì��>Ûi�«À��«Ìi`�}Ài>ÌiÀ�v�VÕÃ�
by states and international organisations on
«ÀiÛi�Ì�Ûi��i>ÃÕÀið�/�i�i�iÀ}��}�wi�`��v�6 �
>�Ã��ÀiviÀi�Vi`�>Ã�V�Õ�ÌiÀ�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì���®��>Ã�
evolved in response to an understanding that
Ü���i�V��Ûi�Ì���>������Ì>À�âi`�>�`�Ài«ÀiÃÃ�Ûi�
V�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��/®�ÃÌÀ>Ìi}�iÃ��>Þ�Li��iViÃÃ>ÀÞ]�
Ì�iÞ�>Ài���ÃÕvwV�i�Ì����i�`��}�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��Ü�i��
i�«��Þi`�>���i]�>�`���`ii`]��>Þ�iÛi���>Ûi�
the unintended consequences of fuelling
grievances and provoking further radicalisation.
Ƃ�Ì��Õ}��6 �i�iÀ}i`�>Ã�Ì�i�ºÃ�vÌiÀ»�y�«Ã�`i�
�v�V�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�]�`iÛi��«i`�Ì��>``ÀiÃÃ�Ì�i�
ºV��`�Ì���Ã�V��`ÕV�Ûi�Ì��Ì�i�ëÀi>`��v�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�»92
and the grievances that are believed to fuel
ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�v�À�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã]93 it
Ã�>ÀiÃ�V�������L�iVÌ�ÛiÃ�Ü�Ì��V��y�VÌ�«ÀiÛi�Ì���]�
peacebuilding and other efforts to strengthen the
state-society relationship and prevent the onset of
violence. However, instead of a responsive footing,
6 ��Ã�«À�>VÌ�Ûi]�Ãii���}�Ì���`i�Ì�vÞ�Ì�Ài>ÌÃ�i>À�Þ�
���>�`�«ÀiÛi�Ì���L���â>Ì����Ì��Û���i�Vi°���Ài�ÛiÀ]�
6 �Ãii�Ã�Ì��`iÃ�}����ÌiÀÛi�Ì���Ã����ÃÕV��>�Ü>Þ�>Ã�
Ì��������âi��i}>Ì�Ûi�Ã�`i�ivviVÌÃ�ÃÕV��>Ã�vÕi����}�
��Ài�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì���°�/��`>Ìi]�ÃiÛiÀ>��V�Õ�ÌÀ�iÃ�
�>Ûi�>`�«Ìi`�V�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��ÃÌÀ>Ìi}�iÃ�Ì�>Ì�
��V�Õ`i�«ÀiÛi�Ì�Ûi�V��«��i�ÌÃ]�ÃÕV��>Ã�Ì�i�1��Ìi`�
���}`��]�1��Ìi`�-Ì>ÌiÃ]�>�>`>]�ƂÕÃÌÀ>��>]�>�`]�
��Ài�ÀiVi�Ì�Þ]�*>��ÃÌ>�]� �}iÀ�>]�>�`��i�Þ>°94 In
Ã��i���ÃÌ>�ViÃ]�«À��iVÌÃ��>Ûi�Lii��6 �ëiV�wV�
���Àië��`��}�Ì���`i�Ì�wi`�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�Ì�Ài>ÌÃ�
�À�V���Õ��ÌÞ�ÛÕ��iÀ>L���Ì�iÃ]�Ü���i�����Ì�iÀÃ]�
«À�}À>��iÃ��>`�6 �Ài�iÛ>�Ì�ÃiV��`>ÀÞ��À�
iÛi��ÌiÀÌ�>ÀÞ�Li�iwÌÃ�Ì�>Ì��i�«i`�LÕ��`�ÀiÃ���i�Vi�
>}>��ÃÌ�iÝÌÀi��Ã��Ì��Õ}��Ì�i�À�«À��>ÀÞ�v�VÕÃ�
�>Þ��>Ûi�Lii�����`iÛi��«�i�Ì��À�V���Õ��ÌÞ�
�ÕÌÀi>V�]�v�À�iÝ>�«�i°
���«>À>��i�]�Àië��Ã�Ûi��i>ÃÕÀiÃ��>Ûi�>�Ã��Lii��
developed to rehabilitate and reintegrate violent
iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ��vvi�`iÀÃ�6 "î95��À�ÀiÌÕÀ���}�¼��Ài�}��
/iÀÀ�À�ÃÌ���}�ÌiÀý��/�î]�>�`�Ã��i��v�Ì�iÃi�
�i>ÃÕÀiÃ�>�Ã����V�À«�À>Ìi�6 �i�i�i�ÌÃ�����À`iÀ�
Ì��«ÀiÛi�Ì�ÀiV�`�Û�Ã���À�vÕÀÌ�iÀ�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì���°�
92. /�i�1 ����L>���Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ�V��Ì>��Ã�ÀiV���i�`>Ì���Ã����Ì�i�v����Ü��}�>Ài>Ã\�Ì>V����}�Ì�i�
V��`�Ì���Ã�V��`ÕVÌ�Ûi�Ì��Ì�i�ëÀi>`��v�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�Æ�«ÀiÛi�Ì��}�>�`�V��L>Ì��}�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�Æ�LÕ��`��}�V�Õ�ÌÀ�iý�
V>«>V�ÌÞ�Ì��«ÀiÛi�Ì�>�`�V��L>Ì�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��>�`�Ì��ÃÌÀi�}Ì�i��Ì�i�À��i��v�Ì�i�1��Ìi`� >Ì���Ã����Ì�>Ì�Ài}>À`Æ�>�`�
i�ÃÕÀ��}�ÀiëiVÌ�v�À��Õ�>��À�}�ÌÃ�v�À�>���>�`�Ì�i�ÀÕ�i��v��>Ü�Ü���i�V�Õ�ÌiÀ��}�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�°�º1��Ìi`� >Ì���Ã����L>��
�Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ]»�ƂÉÈäÉÓnn°�
93. º1��Ìi`� >Ì���Ã����L>���Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ]»�ƂÉÈäÉÓnn]�>�`�/�Ài��©À}�]�,��Ì�>ÕÃiÃ��v�/iÀÀ�À�Ã�\�
�ÞÌ�Ã]�,i>��ÌÞ]�>�`�7>ÞÃ���ÀÜ>À`]� iÜ�9�À�\�,�ÕÌ�i`}i]�Óääx®°
94. -ii�1��Ìi`����}`��]������ÛiÀ��i�Ì]�" / -/\�/�i�1��Ìi`����}`��½Ã�-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ�v�À��Õ�ÌiÀ��}�/iÀÀ�À�Ã�]
Ó䣣®�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«Ã\ÉÉÜÜÜ°}�Û°Õ�É}�ÛiÀ��i�ÌÉÕ«��>`ÃÉÃÞÃÌi�ÉÕ«��>`ÃÉ>ÌÌ>V��i�ÌÚ`>Ì>Éw�iÉ�Ç��{É
V��ÌiÃÌ�ÃÕ��>ÀÞ°«`vÆ�1��Ìi`�-Ì>ÌiÃ]�7��Ìi���ÕÃi]� >Ì���>��-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ�v�À��Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�]�Ó䣣®]�>Û>��>L�i�
vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Ü��Ìi��ÕÃi°}�ÛÉÃ�ÌiÃÉ`iv>Õ�ÌÉw�iÃÉV�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�ÚÃÌÀ>Ìi}Þ°«`vÆ�>�>`>]�Õ��`��}�,iÃ���i�Vi�
Ƃ}>��ÃÌ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã�\�>�>`>½Ã��Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ]�Óä£Î®�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«Ã\ÉÉÜÜÜ°«ÕL��VÃ>viÌÞ°}V°V>ÉV�ÌÉ
ÀÃÀVÃÉ«L�VÌ�ÃÉÀÃ��V�}�ÃÌ�ÌÀÀÀÃ�ÉÀÃ��V�}�ÃÌ�ÌÀÀÀÃ��i�}°«`vÆ�*>��ÃÌ>�]�-i�>Ìi��v�*>��ÃÌ>�]�National Counterterrorism
ƂÕÌ��À�ÌÞ]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Ãi�>Ìi°}�Û°«�ÉÕ«��>`ÃÉ`�VÕ�i�ÌÃÉ£ÎÈÎäÇ£n{xÚ£ÓÇ°«`vÆ�>ÕÌ��À�
V��ÛiÀÃ>Ì���Ã�Ü�Ì��«���VÞ�>�iÀÃ�vÀ���ƂÕÃÌÀ>��>]��i�Þ>�>�`� �}iÀ�>°
95. /iÀ������}Þ�`À>Ü��vÀ������L>���Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã����ÀÕ�]�º���L>���Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��,��i��i��À>�`Õ��
������`�*À>VÌ�ViÃ�v�À�,i�>L���Ì>Ì����>�`�,i��Ìi}À>Ì�����v�6 "û]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«Ã\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Ì�i}VÌv°�À}É
`�VÕ�i�ÌÃÉ£ä£ÈÓÉ£�x�{É,��i³�i��À>�`Õ�³��³���`³*À>VÌ�Vióv�À³,i�>L���Ì>Ì���³>�`³,i��Ìi}À>Ì���³�v³
6���i�̳ ÝÌÀi��Ã̳"vvi�`iÀÃ�>VViÃÃi`�£x��>Þ�Óä£x®°
![Page 6: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
66 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
These terrorist rehabilitation and reintegration
«À�}À>��iÃ��i�Viv�ÀÌ��ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì���®�
have been developed in both custodial and
V���Õ��ÌÞ�ÃiÌÌ��}ð����Ã��i�V>ÃiÃ]�Ì�iÞ��>Ûi�
`i>�Ì�Ü�Ì��Û��Õ�Ì>ÀÞ�`iviVÌ�ÀÃÆ�����Ì�iÀÃ�Ì�iÞ�v�VÕÃ�
���`iÌ>��iiÃ�V��Û�VÌi`��v�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã���À�V>«ÌÕÀi`�
���Ì�i�L>ÌÌ�iwi�`]�Ü�Ì��>�Û�iÜ�Ì��«ÀiÛi�Ì��}�
«�ÃÌ�Ài�i>Ãi�ÀiV�`�Û�Ã�°�/��Ã��Ã��v�«>ÀÌ�VÕ�>À���ÌiÀiÃÌ�
Ì���i�LiÀ�-Ì>ÌiÃ�}�Ûi��Ì�i��>ÌÌiÀ��v�Ü��V��>Ài��v�
great interest given the current concern about the
ÀiÌÕÀ���v�v�Ài�}��ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�w}�ÌiÀÃ�Ì��Ì�i�À����i�
V�Õ�ÌÀ�ið�7���i��>�Þ��v�Ì�iÃi�«À�}À>��iÃ��>Ûi�
i�«�>Ã�âi`�Ì�i��L�iVÌ�Ûi��v�`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�
�°i°�Li�>Û��ÕÀ>��V�>�}i]�ÃÕV��>Ã�Ài��Õ�V��}�Ì�i�
ÕÃi��v�Û���i�Vi®]��Ì�iÀÃ��>Ûi�Ã�Õ}�Ì�Ì�i�}�>���v�
`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì�����°i°�V�}��Ì�Ûi�V�>�}iÃ]�ÃÕV��>Ã�
Ài��Õ�V��}��`i���}�iÃ��À�Li��ivî°96
Cross Learning?
�Ì��6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃ��>Ûi�
}i�iÀ>Ìi`�>�L�`Þ��v�iÝ«iÀ�i�Vi�>�`�iÝ«iÀÌ�Ãi�
Ì�>Ì�V>����v�À��1 ���,�ivv�ÀÌÃ]�«>ÀÌ�VÕ�>À�Þ�Ü�i��
Ì�i��>ÌÌiÀ�>Ài�V��vÀ��Ìi`�Ü�Ì��6 "ð�/�i�i�«�>Ã�Ã�
�v�6 �«À�}À>����}����ÃÌÀi�}Ì�i���}�V���Õ��ÌÞ�
resilience, fostering constructive debate and
`�>��}Õi]�>�`�«À���Ì��}�i`ÕV>Ì����>�`�iV�����V�
�««�ÀÌÕ��ÌÞ��vviÀÃ�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�«�Ìi�Ì�>��ÃÞ�iÀ}�iÃ�
Ü�Ì��V��y�VÌ�«ÀiÛi�Ì���]�«i>Vi��«iÀ>Ì���Ã]�
peacebuilding, and particularly, DDR efforts.
����>�Þ�Ü>ÞÃ]��Ì��Ã��>ÌÕÀ>��Ì��>`>«Ì�LiÃÌ�
«À>VÌ�ViÃ�>�`��iÃÃ��Ã�vÀ���Ì�i�6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�
Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����wi�`Ã�Ì����,�V��ÌiÝÌÃ]�iëiV�>��Þ�
�����}�Ì��v�Ì�i�VÕÀÀi�Ì�V��y�VÌÃ����Ü��V����,�
«À�}À>����}��Ã�i�«��Þi`°���`ii`]�>��iÝ«iÀÌ�
«>�i��iÝ«��À��}�Ì�i�Ài�>Ì���Ã��«�LiÌÜii����,�
>�`�6 ��i�`���� iÜ�9�À��������-i«Ìi�LiÀ�Óä£{�
by the Global Center on Cooperative Security
and Hedayah97�V��V�Õ`i`�Ì�>Ì�6 �>�`���,]�
particularly Second Generation DDR with its focus
���>``ÀiÃÃ��}����i`�>Ìi�ÃiVÕÀ�ÌÞ�V��ViÀ�Ã�LÕÌ�
>�Ã��>��i�>L���}����}iÀ�ÌiÀ��Ã�V���iV�����V�
`iÛi��«�i�Ì]�Ã�>Ài`�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�V������
�L�iVÌ�Ûið�/�iÀi��Ã�>��>ÌÕÀ>���iÝÕÃ�LiÌÜii��
��,�>�`�6 ]�Ì�i��>ÌÌiÀ�ÌiÀ��>�Ã��i�V��«>ÃÃ��}�
ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃ����Ì��Ã�V��ÌiÝÌ]�>Ã�
they both deal with the questions of preventing
>�`�ÃÌ�««��}�Û���i�Vi]�«ÀiÛi�Ì��}�ÀiV�`�Û�Ã�]�>�`�
reinserting previously violent actors into society.98
�ië�Ìi�Ì�i��ÛiÀ�>««��}�}�>�Ã�>�`�Ã����>À�Ì�iÃ�
>VÀ�ÃÃ�6 ]�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì���]�>�`���,]�Ì�iÀi�
>Ài���«�ÀÌ>�Ì�����Ì>Ì���Ã�Ì��Ì�i�>««��V>Ì�����v�6 É
ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À>VÌ�ViÃ�Ì����,�V��ÌiÝÌð�
First, despite the desire to develop a typology
�v�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì����Ì�>Ì��>Ã�Ã��i�«Ài`�VÌ�Ûi�µÕ>��ÌÞ]�
iÝ«iÀÌÃ�>}Àii�Ì�>Ì��Ì��Ã�>���}��Þ���`�Û�`Õ>��âi`�
«À�ViÃÃ�Ì�>Ì��Ã��vÌi��Ì�i�ÀiÃÕ�Ì��v�>�V��L��>Ì�����v�
ÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀ>��º«ÕÃ�»�v>VÌ�ÀÃ����i�Ài�>Ì�Ûi�`i«À�Û>Ì���]�
Ã�V��iV�����V��>À}��>��â>Ì���]�«iÀÃ��>��«ÃÞV���
Ã�V�>��VÀ�Ã�Ã]��À�«���Ì�V>��}À�iÛ>�ViÃ�>�`�º«Õ��»�
96. /�Ài��©À}��>�`��������À}>�]��i>Û��}�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��i���`\���`�Û�`Õ>��>�`����iVÌ�Ûi���Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì]� iÜ�9�À�]�
,�ÕÌ�i`}i]�Óää�®]�«°�£�£{Æ����V��ÌÀ>ÃÌ]�V�Õ�ÌiÀ�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃ�>Ài��vÌi��Õ�`iÀÌ>�i��>Ã�«ÀiÛi�Ì�Ûi��i>ÃÕÀiÃ]�
Ì��Õ}��Ì�iÞ��>Þ�>�Ã��Li�V��«��i�ÌÃ��v�`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`�`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�«À�}À>��ið���Ài�ÛiÀ]����
«À>VÌ�Vi]�«À>VÌ�Ì���iÀÃ���Ìi�Ì�>Ì�iÛi��`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�«À�}À>��iÃ��>Ûi�>��i�i�i�Ì��v�`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����LiV>ÕÃi�
Ì�iÞ�v�ÃÌiÀ�>�ÌÀ>�Ãv�À�>Ì�����v��`i>Ã�Ài}>À`��}�Ì�i�>VVi«Ì>L���ÌÞ�>�`�ÕÃi��v�Û���i�Vi°
97. �i`>Þ>���Ã�Ì�i���ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��Vi�ÌÀi��v�iÝVi��i�Vi����6 ����ƂLÕ���>L�°
98. �i`>Þ>��>�`����L>��i�ÌiÀ������«iÀ>Ì�Ûi�-iVÕÀ�ÌÞ]�º*iÀëiVÌ�ÛiÃ������Ã>À�>�i�Ì]��i��L���â>Ì���]�>�`�
,i��Ìi}À>Ì���\��>��i�}iÃ�>�`�"««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�iÃ�v�À��Õ�ÌiÀ��}�6���i�Ì� ÝÌÀi��Ã��6 ®]»�ÓÎ�-i«Ìi�LiÀ�Óä£{]�
>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°�i`>Þ>�°>iÉ«`vÉ``À��iiÌ��}�ÃÕ��>ÀÞ°«`v°���À�vÕÀÌ�iÀ�iÛi�Ì���v�À�>Ì����Ãii�
���L>��i�ÌiÀ������«iÀ>Ì�Ûi�-iVÕÀ�ÌÞ]�º*iÀëiVÌ�ÛiÃ������Ã>À�>�i�Ì]��i��L���â>Ì���]�>�`�,i��Ìi}À>Ì���\�
�>��i�}iÃ�>�`�"««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�iÃ�v�À��Õ�ÌiÀ��}�6���i�Ì� ÝÌÀi��Ã�]»�ÓÎ�-i«Ìi�LiÀ�Óä£{]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉ
ÜÜÜ°}��L>�Vi�ÌiÀ°�À}ÉiÛi�ÌÃÉ«iÀëiVÌ�ÛiÃ����`�Ã>À�>�i�Ì�`i��L���â>Ì����>�`�Ài��Ìi}À>Ì����V�>��i�}iÃ�>�`�
�««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�iÃ�v�À�V�Õ�ÌiÀ��}�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã�É.
![Page 7: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FLAG IN GREY ZONES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CVE AND DDR IN UN FIELD OPERATIONS67
v>VÌ�ÀÃ����i�>««i>���}��`i���}�iÃ]�V�>À�Ã�>Ì�V�
ÀiVÀÕ�ÌiÀÃ]��À��>ÌiÀ�>���À�Ã�V�>��Li�iwÌÃ�Ì�>Ì�
purport to redress grievances and frustrations.99
��`ii`]�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ��«iÀ>Ìi�>Ì�`�vviÀi�Ì�
�iÛi�ÃÆ�Ü�>Ì���Vi�Ì�Û�ÃiÃ�>�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�}À�Õ«½Ã�Ãi���À�
�>�>}i�i�Ì��>Þ�`�vviÀ�vÀ���Ì�>Ì�Ü��V����Vi�Ì�Û�ÃiÃ�
entry-level recruits or casual participants.100 Thus
Ü�>Ì�Ü�À�Ã������i�V��ÌiÝÌ]�v�À���i�«iÀÃ��]��>Þ���Ì�
be replicable for another. That said, despite the
V��ÌiÝÌ�ëiV�wV�Ì>���À��}]�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�V������
i�i�i�ÌÃ�iÝ�ÃÌ�>VÀ�ÃÃ�6 �>�`�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����
«À�}À>����}����>�Ü�`i�À>�}i��v�ÃiÌÌ��}Ã]�>�`��Ì�
>««i>ÀÃ�Ì�>Ì�����>�Þ�V>ÃiÃ]�Ì�iÃi�V�����>��Ì�iÃ�
Li>À�Ã��i�Ài�iÛ>�Vi�Ì����,�«À�}À>����}°
-iV��`]�iÛ>�Õ>Ì��}�6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����
«À�}À>��iÃ��>Ã�«À�Ûi`�V�>��i�}��}°�*���Ì�V>��
Ãi�Ã�Ì�Û�Ì�iÃ]�ÀiÃÌÀ�VÌi`�>VViÃÃ�Ì��`>Ì>]�«À�}À>��iÃ]�
and participants, and a consequent reliance on
}�ÛiÀ��i�Ì�w}ÕÀiÃ��>Ûi��>`i�>����`i«i�`i�Ì�
>ÃÃiÃÃ�i�Ì��v�6 �>�`�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>��iÃ�
`�vwVÕ�Ì°101���Ài�ÛiÀ]�Ì�i�i�«�À�V>��ÀiV�À`�q�Ü�i��
>Û>��>L�i�q��Ã��vÌi����Ýi`°���À�iÝ>�«�i]�Ü���i�
Ì�i�->Õ`��ƂÀ>L�>��*ÀiÛi�Ì���]�,i�>L���Ì>Ì���]�>�`�
*�ÃÌ�Ài�i>Ãi�>Ài�*,Ƃ®�«À�}À>��i��Ã�V��Ã�`iÀi`�
relatively successful, it nonetheless has several
��v>��ÕÃ�ÀiV�`�Û�ÃÌÃ�>���}��ÌÃ�}À>`Õ>ÌiÃ]���V�Õ`��}�
Nasir al-Wuhaiyshi, the leader of Al-Qaeda in
Ì�i�ƂÀ>L�>��*i���ÃÕ�>�>�`�ƂÞ�>��Ƃ��<>Ü>��À�½Ã�
deputy.102�/�>Ì��Ã���Ì�Ì��Ã>Þ�Ì�>Ì�Ì�iÃi�«À�}À>��iÃ�
>Ài�Ü�Ì��ÕÌ��iÀ�Ì°103 Indeed, at the individual
«À�}À>��i��iÛi�Ã�Ì�iÀi�>Ài�Ã��i�«�Ã�Ì�Ûi�Ã�}�Ã�
of thoughtful and effective innovations that
could prove successful – and have potential
applications to DDR.
/��À`]�µÕiÃÌ���Ã�Ài�>���Ü�iÌ�iÀ�ÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀ>��
`�vviÀi�ViÃ�����Ì�Ì�i�>««��V>Ì�����v�6 �>�`�
Ài�>L���Ì>Ì������Ã�}�ÌÃ�Ì����,�V��ÌiÝÌð���ÃÌ�
ÌÀ>`�Ì���>����,�«À�}À>��iÃ�Ì>À}iÌ��>À}iÀ��À}>��âi`�
groups whose leaders have agreed to participate,
Ü�iÀi>Ã�6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃ�
>Ài���Ài��vÌi��>��i`�>Ì�Ì�i���`�Û�`Õ>���À�Ã�>���
group level and rarely is there leadership buy-in.104
99. -ii�v�À�iÝ>�«�i�1-Ƃ��]�º�Õ�`i�Ì��Ì�i��À�ÛiÀÃ��v�6���i�Ì� ÝÌÀi��Ã�]»��iLÀÕ>ÀÞ�Óää�]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉ«`v°
ÕÃ>�`°}�ÛÉ«`vÚ`�VÃÉ«�>`Ì�Çn°«`v°��>}�ÕÃ�,>�ÃÌ�À«�iÝ«��ÀiÃ���Ü��>�Þ��v�Ì�iÃi�V��`�Ì���Ã�V>��V��L��i�Ì��
VÀi>Ìi�>���ë�Ì>L�i�i�Û�À���i�Ì�v�À�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�ÀiVÀÕ�Ì�i�Ì���\��>}�ÕÃ�,>�ÃÌ�À«]����ÕÃ��ÕÃÌ>vvÃ��]�*i`iÀ��Þ��i�}Ài�]�
º�À���Ì�i�7i�v>Ài�-Ì>Ìi�Ì��Ì�i�>��«�>Ìi\���Ü�>�-Üi`�Ã��-ÕLÕÀL�iV>�i�>�Àii`��}��À�Õ�`�v�À���Ài�}��
��}�ÌiÀÃ�-ÌÀi>���}���Ì��-ÞÀ�>�>�`��À>µ]»���Ài�}��*���VÞ]�ÓÎ��iLÀÕ>ÀÞ�Óä£x]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉv�Ài�}�«���VÞ°
V��ÉÓä£xÉäÓÉÓÎÉvÀ��ÚÌ�iÚÜi�v>ÀiÚÃÌ>ÌiÚÌ�ÚÌ�iÚV>��«�>ÌiÚÃÜi`i�Ú�Ã�>��VÚÃÌ>ÌiÚÃÞÀ�>Ú�À>µÚv�Ài�}�Úw}�ÌiÀÃÉ.
100. �ÀVÕ�ÃÌ>�ViÃ��v�ÀiVÀÕ�Ì�i�Ì��>Þ�>�Ã��Ã�>«i��`i���}�V>��V����Ì�i�ÌÆ�Ì��Ãi�������}�Ã��«�Þ�v�À��>ÌiÀ�>��Li�iwÌÃ�
�>Þ�Li���Ài�i>Ã��Þ�`�Ãi�}>}i`Æ�V����ÌÌi`��`i���}ÕiÃ�ÃÕV��>Ã��i>`iÀÃ��«��iÛi���i�LiÀÃ��À�v�Ài�}��w}�ÌiÀÃ��>Þ�
Li���Ài�ÀiÃ�ÃÌ>�Ì�Ì��Ài�>L���Ì>Ì�����À�`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����ivv�ÀÌð���
101. �>À�Ã>��°�*�À}iÃ�>�`��iÃÃ�V>�-ÌiÀ�]�º�iÌÌ��}��iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����,�}�Ì]»���Ài�}��Ƃvv>�ÀÃ]��>ÞÉ�Õ�i�Óä£ä��ÌÌ«\ÉÉ
ÜÜÜ°v�Ài�}�>vv>�ÀðV��É>ÀÌ�V�iÃÉÈÈÓÓÇÉ�>À�Ã>���«�À}iÃ��iÃÃ�V>�ÃÌiÀ�É}iÌÌ��}�`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����À�}�Ì�>VViÃÃi`�Ón�
�>�Õ>ÀÞ�Óä£x®°
102. *�����«i���Ài�]�º7�>Ì��Ã�->Õ`��ƂÀ>L�>½Ã��Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��*À�}À>�]�>�`�7�Õ�`��Ì��>Ûi�7�À�i`�����À>µ¶»�Óä�
�Õ�i�Óä£{]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉ«����««i��Ài�°�ÕL«>}iðV��É�ÕLÉ7�>Ì��Ã�->Õ`��ƂÀ>L�>Ã��Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��
*À�}À>��>�`�Ü�Õ�`��Ì��>Ûi�7�À�i`�����À>µ�>VViÃÃi`�Ón��>�Õ>ÀÞ�Óä£x®°
103. iÀÌ>���Þ]����Ì�i�>v�Ài�i�Ì���i`�iÝ>�«�i]�Ài�Þ��}����Þ����ÀiV�`�Û�Ã��À>ÌiÃ�>���i�v>��Ã�Ì��>VV�Õ�Ì�v�À�Ü�>Ì��>Þ�
Li�Ã�}��wV>�Ì�ÌÀ>�Ãv�À�>Ì���Ã�Ü�Ì����«>VÌ�LiÞ��`�Ì�i���`�Û�`Õ>��«>ÀÌ�V�«>�Ì]�LÕÌ�Ì�i���Ýi`�ÀiV�À`�`�iÃ�À>�Ãi�
µÕiÃÌ���Ã�>L�ÕÌ���Ü�Ì��>ÃÃiÃÃ�Ì�i�ivwV>VÞ��v�6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>��ið
104. ���Ì�i�À>Ài�V>Ãi��v�V���iVÌ�Ûi�`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�«À�}À>��iÃ�q��v�Ü��V��Ì�iÀi�>Ài�viÜ�iÝ>�«�iÃ�Ü�Ì��ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã�
q�Ì�i��i>`iÀÃ��«�V>���>Ûi�>�«�ÜiÀvÕ����«>VÌ����v�ÃÌiÀ��}�Ì�i�`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�>�`�Ài�>L��v�}À�Õ«��i�LiÀÃ]�>Ã��Ì�
did with the �>�>>��Ã�>��ÞÞ>���� }Þ«Ì�>�`���LÞ>���Ã�>��V���}�Ì��}��À�Õ«°�"�>À�ƂÃ��ÕÀ]�/�i��i�,>`�V>��Ã>Ì�����v�
���>`�ÃÌÃ\�/À>�Ãv�À���}�ƂÀ�i`��Ã�>��ÃÌ���Ûi�i�ÌÃ]� iÜ�9�À�\�,�ÕÌ�i`}i]�Óää�®°
![Page 8: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
68 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
��Ài�ÛiÀ]�`�vviÀi�ViÃ�>VÀ�ÃÃ�«À�}À>����}�
i�Û�À���i�ÌÃ]��L�iVÌ�ÛiÃ�>�`�V��Ìi�Ì��>Þ���«i`i�
V��«>À�Ã��Ã����Ã��i�V>Ãið�
6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>��iÃ�
engage participants in a range of ways, including:
i�«��Þ�i�Ì�«À�}À>��iÃ]�ë�ÀÌÃ�>�`�>ÀÌÃ]�
spiritual and other counselling, and strategic
V���Õ��V>Ì���°���À�iÝ>�«�i]����->Õ`��ƂÀ>L�>]�
Ì�i�*,Ƃ�«À�}À>��i��Ã�V>ÀivÕ��Þ�Ì>���Ài`�Ì��
��`�Û�`Õ>��`iÌ>��iiÃ�>�`��vviÀÃ�>���Ý��v���À>�]�
religious, and psycho-social counselling, including
>ÀÌ�Ì�iÀ>«Þ]�ë�ÀÌ]�>�`�iÝÌi�Ã�Ûi�«�ÃÌ�Ài�i>Ãi�
ÃÕ««�ÀÌ���V�Õ`��}�i�«��Þ�i�Ì�>�`�ÃÕLÃ�`�âi`�
weddings.105�"Ì�iÀ�iÝ>�«�iÃ��v�6 �«À��iVÌÃ�À>�}i�
vÀ���º��Ì�iÀ½Ã�-V����û�«���Ìi`������`�>]�/>����ÃÌ>�]�
>�`�*>��ÃÌ>�]�Ì��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�v>����iÃ�����`i�Ì�vÞ��}�
i>À�Þ�Ã�}�Ã��v�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì�������Ì�i�À�V���`Ài�Æ106
�i`�>�«À�}À>����}�Ì�>Ì�«À���ÌiÃ�i`ÕV>Ì���]�
V�Û�V�Àië��Ã�L���ÌÞ]�>�`�Ì��iÀ>�ViÆ�«À�}À>��iÃ�
Ì�>Ì�ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�Û�VÌ��Ã��v�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��>�`�v�À�iÀ�
«iÀ«iÌÀ>Ì�ÀÃ�Ì��Ã�>Ài�Ì�i�À�ÃÌ�À�iÃÆ�>�`�ivv�ÀÌÃ�Ì��
Ü�À��Ü�Ì��Þ�ÕÌ��Ì��«À���Ìi�>�ÌiÀ�>Ì�Ûi��>ÀÀ>Ì�ÛiÃ�
>�`�«�Ã�Ì�Ûi�«���Ì�V>��i�}>}i�i�Ì°���À�iÝ>�«�i]����
��À�VV��>�`�>�}�>`iÃ�]�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�`�ë>À>Ìi�
���Ì�>Ì�ÛiÃ�ÃÕV��>Ã�Ì�i�ÌÀ>����}��v�vi�>�i���>�Ã��À�
Ü�À�Ã��«Ã�«À���Ì��}�Ì��iÀ>�Vi�>�`�`�>��}Õi��>Ûi�
been undertaken in an effort to reduce the appeal
�v�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ��`i���}�iÃ�>�`�}À�իð107
���«>À>��i��Ì��6 ]�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����
«À�}À>��iÃ��>Ûi�>`�«Ìi`�Ã����>À�>««À�>V�ið�
-��i�«À�}À>��iÃ�>Ài���Ài�ÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀi`]��vÌi��
taking place in prison or detention centres with
dedicated staff and resources, in recognition that
«À�Ã��Ã�V>��Li���VÕL>Ì�ÀÃ�v�À�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�
�`i���}Þ�LÕÌ�>�Ã��Li���ÃÌ�ÌÕÌ���Ã�v�À�Àiv�À�°108�"Ì�iÀ�
ivv�ÀÌÃ�Ì��Ài�>L���Ì>Ìi�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌÃ��>Ûi�Lii��
��Ài���v�À�>��>�`�yiÝ�L�i]�>�V��L��>Ì�����v�Ã�V�>��
>�`�«���Ì�V>�����Ì�>Ì�ÛiÃ��vÌi��`À>Ü��}����iÝ�ÃÌ��}�
monuc distributes information leaflets on ddr programming throughout fdlr’s stronghold areas. un photo/marie frechon
![Page 9: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FLAG IN GREY ZONES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CVE AND DDR IN UN FIELD OPERATIONS69
social services.109���À�iÝ>�«�i]���� ÕÀ�«i]��>�Þ�
Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>��iÃ�>��i`�>Ì�ÀiÌÕÀ���}�
v�Ài�}��w}�ÌiÀÃ�vÀ����À>µ�>�`�-ÞÀ�>��>Ûi�`À>Ü�����
Ü�À��`��i�Ü�Ì��À�}�Ì�Ü��}��À��i�� >â��}À�Õ«Ã]�ÃÕV��
>Ã�Ì�i�º Ý�Ì»�«À�}À>��iÃ���� �ÀÜ>Þ]��iÀ�>�Þ�>�`�
-Üi`i�°��i��>À�]�v�À�iÝ>�«�i]��vviÀÃ�>������Û>Ì�Ûi�
«À�}À>��i��v��i�Ì�À��}]�Ã�V�>��ÃiÀÛ�ViÃ]�>�`�
ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�w�`��}�i�«��Þ�i�Ì�v�À�ÀiÌÕÀ���}�v�Ài�}��
w}�ÌiÀð110 The Danish response is considered by
�>�Þ�}�ÛiÀ��i�ÌÃ�>�`�iÝ«iÀÌÃ�Ì��Li�>���`i��
of good practice and an alternative to detention
>�`�Ì�i�Ài��Û>���v�V�Ì�âi�Ã��«�q�Àië��ÃiÃ�
under consideration in other countries.111 The
«À�}À>��iÃ����Ì�iÃi�iÝ>�«�iÃ��>Ûi�v�VÕÃi`�
«À��>À��Þ����Ì�i���`�Û�`Õ>�]�Ì��Õ}��iÝ>�«�iÃ��v�
}À�Õ«�`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì��>Þ�Li�v�Õ�`��������L�>�
and Egypt.112�/�i�>v�Ài�i�Ì���i`�iÝ>�«�iÃ��vviÀ�
a brief snapshot of terrorist rehabilitation efforts
>VÀ�ÃÃ�`�vviÀi�Ì�Ài}���Ã�>�`�V��ÌiÝÌÃ]�Ì�i��iÃÃ��Ã�
vÀ���Ü��V��V>����v�À����,�«À�}À>����}�Ì>À}iÌ��}�
6 "Ã]�Ü����>Þ�Ã�>Ài�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�V������
characteristics with the target audience for
ÃÕV��«À�}À>��ið
Ƃ�ÀiÛ�iÜ��v�iÝ�ÃÌ��}�6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����
«À�}À>��iÃ�ÀiÛi>�Ã�Ã��i���ÌiÀiÃÌ��}�«À�}À>����}�
`��i�Ã���Ã�Ì��V�Õ�ÌiÀ��}�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã��>�`�
ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����Ì�>Ì��>Þ��>Ûi�>««��V>Ì���Ã�
v�À���,�«À�}À>����}\�
role of families and communities
ƂVÀ�ÃÃ�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�«À�}À>��iÃ���� ÕÀ�«i]�-�ÕÌ��
>�`�-�ÕÌ�i>ÃÌ�ƂÃ�>]�>�`�Ì�i���``�i� >ÃÌ]�Ü�iÌ�iÀ�
`i>���}�Ü�Ì��À�}�Ì�Ü��}��i�� >â��}>�}Ã��À����>`�ÃÌ�
105. ƂÕÌ��À�Û�Ã�Ì�Ì�����>�i`�L��� >Þiv�i�ÌÀi]�,�Þ>`�]� �Ûi�LiÀ�Óään°��-ii�>�Ã���À�ÃÌ�«�iÀ��ÕVi�]��º->Õ`��
ƂÀ>L�>½Ã�-�vÌ��Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ]»�>À�i}�i� �`�Ü�i�Ì]�>À�i}�i�*>«iÀÃ]� �°��Ç]�-i«Ìi�LiÀ�Óään®]�
>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉV>À�i}�ii�`�Ü�i�Ì°�À}Éw�iÃÉV«�ÇÚL�ÕVi�ÚÃ>Õ`�Úw�>�°«`v.
106. ºƂ}>��ÃÌ�6���i�Ì� ÝÌÀi��Ã�]»��ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°>}>��ÃÌÛ���i�ÌiÝÌÀi��Ã�°�À}É.
107. >ÕÀii����Ü`�ÕÀÞ������>�`��>�i`� ��->�`]�º/À>�Ãv�À���}�/iÀÀ�À�ÃÌÃ\� Ý>�����}���ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��ivv�ÀÌÃ�Ì��>``ÀiÃÃ�
Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã�»]���ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��*i>Vi���ÃÌ�ÌÕÌi]��>Þ�Ó䣣®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°�«��ÃÌ°�À}É�i`�>É«`vÉ
«ÕL��V>Ì���ÃÉÓ䣣ÚäxÚÌÀ>�ÃÚÌiÀÀÚw�>�°«`v.
108. ���L>���Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã����ÀÕ�]�º���L>���Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��,��i��i��À>�`Õ��������`�*À>VÌ�ViÃ�v�À�
,i�>L���Ì>Ì����>�`�,i��Ìi}À>Ì�����v�6 "Ã]»�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ�����ÌÌ«Ã\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Ì�i}VÌv°�À}É`�VÕ�i�ÌÃÉ£ä£ÈÓÉ£�x�{É,��
i³�i��À>�`Õ�³��³���`³*À>VÌ�Vióv�À³,i�>L���Ì>Ì���³>�`³,i��Ìi}À>Ì���³�v³6���i�̳ ÝÌÀi��Ã̳"vvi�`iÀÃ
>VViÃÃi`�£x��>Þ�Óä£x®°
109. *iÌiÀ� iÕ�>��]�º*À�Ã��Ã�>�`�/iÀÀ�À�Ã�\�,>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`��i�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì�������£x��Õ�ÌÀ�iÃ]»�International Centre
v�À�Ì�i�-ÌÕ`Þ��v�,>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`�*���Ì�V>��6���i�Vi�Óä£ä®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°V���}i�`>i�°��ÉÃ�ÌiÃÉ`iv>Õ�ÌÉ
w�iÃÉ*À�Ã��Ã�>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��£x�V�Õ�ÌÀ�ið«`vÆ� >ÕÀii����Ü`�ÕÀÞ������>�`� ���i�°��i>À�i]�ºiÞ��`�/iÀÀ�À�Ã�\�
�iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`���Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�vÀ���6���i�Ì� ÝÌÀi��Ã�]»�International Peace Institute�Óään®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ���
�ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°�«��ÃÌ°�À}ÉÓäänÉ£äÉLiÞ��`�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`�`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�vÀ���Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã�Æ�
>�`� >ÕÀii����Ü`�ÕÀÞ������>�`��>�i`� ��->�`]�º/À>�Ãv�À���}�/iÀÀ�À�ÃÌÃ\� Ý>�����}���ÌiÀ�>Ì���>�� vv�ÀÌÃ�Ì��
Ƃ``ÀiÃÃ�6���i�Ì� ÝÌÀi��Ã�]»�International Peace Institute Ó䣣®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°�«��ÃÌ°�À}É�i`�>É«`vÉ
«ÕL��V>Ì���ÃÉÓ䣣ÚäxÚÌÀ>�ÃÚÌiÀÀÚw�>�°«`v – offer global overview through the lens of international actors.
110. /�i��>��Ã��«À�}À>��i��Ã���Ì�Õ����i�Ì�i�º�>��i�»�«À�}À>��i�`iÛi��«i`����Ì�i�1�°
111. ������i��iÞ]�º��Ü����9�Õ��iÀ>`�V>��Ãi�,iÌÕÀ���}��-�-���}�ÌiÀö»�/�i��Õ>À`�>�]�£Ó� �Ûi�LiÀ�Óä£{]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ���
�ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Ì�i}Õ>À`�>�°V��ÉÜ�À�`ÉÓä£{É��ÛÉ£ÓÉ`iÀ>`�V>��Ãi��Ã�Ã�w}�ÌiÀÃ����>`�ÃÌÃ�`i��>À��ÃÞÀ�>�>VViÃÃi`�Ón�
�>�Õ>ÀÞ�Óä£x®]�>�`�Ƃ�`ÀiÜ���}}��Ã]�º��À����>`�ÃÌÃ]��i��>À��/À�iÃ�,i�>L���Ì>Ì���]»� iÜ�9�À��/��iÃ]��iVi�LiÀ�£Î]�
Óä£{]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°�ÞÌ��iðV��ÉÓä£{É£ÓÉ£{ÉÜ�À�`Év�À����>`�ÃÌÃ�`i��>À��ÌÀ�iÃ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì���°�Ì��¶ÚÀrä
>VViÃÃi`��>�Õ>ÀÞ�Ón]�Óä£x®°
112. -ii�v�À�iÝ>�«�i��©À}��>�`���À}>�]�««°�ÈÈ�nÇ°�
![Page 10: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
70 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
w}�ÌiÀÃ]�Ì�i�À��i��v�v>����iÃ�>�`�V���Õ��Ì�iÃ�Ü>Ã�
v�Õ�`�Ì��Li�VÀ�Ì�V>�����ÌÀ>�Ãv�À���}�`iÌ>��iiý�
Li�>Û��ÕÀ�>�`��ÕÌ����]�>�`�«ÀiÛi�Ì��}�ÀiV�`�Û�Ã�°�
���Ã��i�«À�}À>��iÃ]�ÃÕV��>Ã�Ì��Ãi����->Õ`��
ƂÀ>L�>��À��>�>ÞÃ�>]�>�`�Ì�i�i>À�Þ��ÌiÀ>Ì���Ã�
�v�Ì�i�«À�}À>��i����9i�i�]�v>���Þ��À�ÌÀ�L>��
elders were integral to guaranteeing the good
behaviour of participants and facilitating their
Ài��Ìi}À>Ì����L>V����Ì��Ì�i�À�V���Õ��Ì�ið�/�iÃi�
«À�}À>��iý�v�VÕÃ����v>���Þ�>�`�V���Õ��Ì�iÃ�
�Ã��iÞ�}�Ûi��Ì�i�Ài�>Ì�Ûi�Þ�ÕÌ���v���ÃÌ�ÀiVÀÕ�ÌÃ�
>�`�Ì�i�À���ÃÌ��À�ÃiÛiÀi`�V���iVÌ���Ã�Ì��v>���Þ]�
which had previously created a situation whereby
Ì�i�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«�Ü>Ã�>�«À��>ÀÞ�Ã�ÕÀVi��v�
support.113�*ÀiÛi�Ì�Ûi�6 �ivv�ÀÌÃ��>Ûi�>�Ã��
v�VÕÃi`����Ì�i�v>���Þ�>�`�V���Õ��ÌÞ��i>`iÀÃ�Ì��
�i�«�V�Õ�ÌiÀ�Ì�i�>««i>���v�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ��>ÀÀ>Ì�ÛiÃ�
and serve as a source of support for vulnerable
Þ�ÕÌ�°�/iÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����iÝ«iÀ�i�Vi��>Ã�
Õ�`iÀÃV�Ài`�Ì�>Ì�Ü�À���}�Ü�Ì��v>����iÃ�`ÕÀ��}�
>�`�>vÌiÀ�Ì�i�«À�}À>��i��>Þ��i�«�«ÀiÛi�Ì�
ÀiV�`�Û�Ã�]�>�Ì��Õ}����Ài�iÛ>�Õ>Ì�����Ã��ii`i`�Ì��
�`i�Ì�vÞ�Ì�i�iÝ>VÌ���«>VÌ��v�v>���Þ�i�}>}i�i�Ì����
`�vviÀi�Ì�V�ÀVÕ�ÃÌ>�Við
education and vocational training
Educational opportunities and vocational training
«À�Û�`i`�LÞ�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>��iÃ�
ÜiÀi���«�ÀÌ>�Ì�v�À�i�ÃÕÀ��}�`iÌ>��iiÃ�i��>�Vi`�
Ì�i�À�i�«��Þ�i�Ì��««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�iÃ��ÕÌÃ�`i�
iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã]�>�`�Ì�ÕÃ�v�Õ�`�>�V��ÃÌÀÕVÌ�Ûi�
V���Õ��ÌÞ�>�`��i>�Ã��v�ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�Õ«���Ài�i>Ãi°�
6 �«À>VÌ�Ì���iÀÃ��>Ûi�>�Ã��Li}Õ��Ì��v�VÕÃ����
i`ÕV>Ì����L>Ãi`����Ì�>Ì�ÛiÃ�>Ã�>����«�ÀÌ>�Ì�
«ÀiÛi�Ì�Ûi��i>ÃÕÀi°114 Again, the relative youth
�v���ÃÌ�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌÃ���}���}�ÌÃ�Ì�i��ii`�
Ì��i�ÃÕÀi�V��ÃÌÀÕVÌ�Ûi�>�`�Û�>L�i�i�«��Þ�i�Ì�
�«Ì���Ã�>��}�i`�Ü�Ì����V>��iV�����V��««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�ið�
Educational initiatives to develop critical thinking
Ã����Ã]�>�`�iÝ«�ÃÕÀi�Ì��`�ÛiÀÃi�V���Õ��Ì�iÃ�À>Vi]�
iÌ���V�ÌÞ]�Ài��}���®�Ì�À�Õ}��v�À�>���À�����v�À�>��
«À�}À>��iÃ]���V�Õ`��}�ë�ÀÌ�>�`�>ÀÌÃ]�ÜiÀi�
also found useful to helping detainees challenge
iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ��>ÀÀ>Ì�ÛiÃ�>�`�ÀiVÀÕ�Ì�i�Ì]�>�`�Ãii���ÕÌ�
�iÜ�V���Õ��Ì�iÃ��v�ÃÕ««�ÀÌ°�/��Ã���}���}�ÌÃ�Ì�i�
��«�ÀÌ>�Vi��v�«À�Û�`��}�ÃÕV���««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�iÃ����Ì�i�
V��ÌiÝÌ��v���,�ivv�ÀÌÃ]�iëiV�>��Þ�Ì��Ãi�i�}>}��}�
6 "Ã����>�V��ÌiÝÌ�Ü�iÀi�«�ÛiÀÌÞ�>�`�Õ����À�Õ�`iÀ��
i�«��Þ�i�Ì�v>V���Ì>Ìi�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�ÀiVÀÕ�Ì�i�Ì°���
![Page 11: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FLAG IN GREY ZONES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CVE AND DDR IN UN FIELD OPERATIONS71
mrc members are transported to a disarmament site in congo. un photo/martine perret
113. Ƃ��i����Ì�>�>�`��>�`��ƂL`��i]�º,>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`�>��-�>L>>L�,iVÀÕ�Ì�i�Ì����-��>��>]»���ÃÌ�ÌÕÌi�v�À�-iVÕÀ�ÌÞ�
-ÌÕ`�iÃ]��--�*>«iÀ�ÓÈÈ]��-i«Ìi�LiÀ�Óä£{®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°�ÃÃ>vÀ�V>°�À}ÉÕ«��>`ÃÉ*>«iÀÓÈÈ°«`v.
114. ���L>��i�ÌiÀ������«iÀ>Ì�Ûi�-iVÕÀ�ÌÞ�>�`��i`>Þ>�]�º/�i�,��i��v� `ÕV>Ì��������Õ�ÌiÀ��}�
6���i�Ì� ÝÌÀi��Ã�]»��iiÌ��}� �Ìi]��iVi�LiÀ�Óä£Î]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°�i`>Þ>�°>iÉ«`vÉ
À��i��v�i`ÕV>Ì�������V�Õ�ÌiÀ��}�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã���iiÌ��}�Ài«�ÀÌ°
![Page 12: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
72 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
post-release support
�>ÌiÀ�>�]�Ã�V�>�]�>�`�ë�À�ÌÕ>��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�Ì��
`iÌ>��iiÃ�>�`�v>����iÃ�ÜiÀi�v�Õ�`�Ì��Li�
��«�ÀÌ>�Ì�Ì��`i�Þ��}�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã�Ài�
ÀiVÀÕ�Ì�i�Ì��««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�ið�7���i����Þ�
anecdotal, it is interesting to note that in one
«À�}À>��i]�>�ÃiVÕÀ�ÌÞ��vwV�>��ÀiV�Õ�Ìi`�Ì�i�
deep bonds that he developed with detainees
q�Ài�>Ì���Ã��«Ã�Ì�>Ì��i`�����Ì��Li���Û�Ìi`�Ì��
`iÌ>��iiý�v>���Þ�Üi``��}Ã����}�>vÌiÀ�Ì�i�À�
Ài�i>Ãi°�/�iÀi��Ã�Ã��i���ÌiÀiÃÌ����Ü�iÌ�iÀ�ÃÕV��
i�`ÕÀ��}�L��`Ã��>Þ�Ài`ÕVi�Ì�i�«À�ëiVÌÃ�
�v�ÀiV�`�Û�Ã�°�Ƃ��Õ�LiÀ��v�«À�}À>��iÃ��>Ûi�
offered support for establishing businesses and
iÝ«>�`��}�v>����iÃ]�>Ã�Üi���>Ã�ÃÕ««�i�i�Ì>ÀÞ�
ÃÕ««�ÀÌ����Ì�i�iÛi�Ì�Ì�>Ì�>�«À��>ÀÞ�LÀi>`Ü���iÀ�
�Ã�`iÌ>��i`]�ÃiÀÛ�ViÃ�Ì�>Ì�Õ�`iÀ���i�Ì�i�«�Ìi�Ì�>��
�`i���}�V>��>�`�w�>�V�>��Li�iwÌÃ��v�Li���}��}�
Ì��>��iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«°�-ÕV��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ��>Þ��i�«�
participants develop resilience to subsequent
ÀiVÀÕ�Ì�i�Ì�ivv�ÀÌÃ�>�`�«ÀiÛi�Ì��««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�iÃ�
v�À�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì�������Ì�i�LÀ�>`iÀ�v>���Þ��iÌÜ�À�°�
However, this has proved challenging in
V�Õ�ÌÀ�iÃ�Ü�iÀi�Ì�i��i}>��vÀ>�iÜ�À��>�`�
V��ViÀ��>L�ÕÌ�Û���>Ì���Ã��v��Õ�>��À�}�ÌÃ��À�
«À�Û>VÞ�`�iÃ���Ì�ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�����Ì�À��}�
detainees post-release.115
credibility of interlocutors
����>�Þ�V>ÃiÃ]�Ì�i�VÀi`�L���ÌÞ��v���ÌiÀ��VÕÌ�ÀÃ]�
����>ÌÌiÀÃ��v�v>�Ì��>�`�«���Ì�VÃ����«>ÀÌ�VÕ�>À]�
was essential to the success of rehabilitation
«À�}À>��iÃ]�>Ã�}�ÛiÀ��i�Ì��À��>Ü�i�v�ÀVi�i�Ì�
�vwV�>�Ã�ÜiÀi���Ì�ÌÀÕÃÌi`�LÞ�`iÌ>��iiÃ�Ì��ëi>��
����>ÌÌiÀÃ��v�v>�Ì���À��`i���}Þ�>�`�ÜiÀi�Ì�iÀiv�Ài�
��Ì����>�«�Ã�Ì����Ì��V�>��i�}i�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ��>ÀÀ>Ì�Ûið�
Where interlocutors are seen as closely aligned
Ü�Ì��Ì�i�ÃÌ>Ìi]�«À>VÌ�Ì���iÀÃ�Ài«�ÀÌ�Ã��i�`iÌ>��iiÃ�
>Ài�Ài�ÕVÌ>�Ì�Ì��i�}>}i�Ì�i������>ÌÌiÀÃ��v�
spirituality or theology unless their credentials
>Ài�`ii�i`��i}�Ì��>Ìi°�����Ì�iÀ�V>ÃiÃ]�Ài«�ÀÌÃ�
ÃÕ}}iÃÌ�Ì�>Ì�`iÌ>��iiÃ��>Þ�i�}>}i����`�>��}Õi�
Ü�Ì���vwV�>�Ã�Ã��«�Þ�Ì��Ài`ÕVi�Ì�i�À�Ãi�Ìi�Við�
ƂÃ���i�«>ÀÌ�V�«>�Ì����9i�i�½Ã�i>À�Þ�«À�}À>��i�
��Ìi`]�º7i�Õ�`iÀÃÌ��`�Ü�>Ì�Ì�i��Õ`}i��>��Õ`�
Ƃ����ÌÌ>À®�Ü>�Ìi`�>�`��i�Õ�`iÀÃÌ��`�Ü�>Ì�Üi�
Ü>�Ìi`�vÀ������°�/�i�9i�i����Õ�>��`ii�����
«À�Ã������Ü���ÌÌ>À��Ã�>�Ü>Þ�v�À�Ì�i��Ì��}iÌ�
Ài�i>Ãi`�Ã��Ì�iÞ���}À>Ì�>Ìi�Ì�i�Ãi�ÛiÃ�Ü�Ì�����°�
/�iÀi�Ü>Ã�������}��À�V��«�iÝ�`�>��}Õi°»116 In
other instances detainees have refused to speak to
those interlocutors who were viewed as lacking the
necessary religious or ideological L��>�w`iÃ.
Finding credible interlocutors to lead rehabilitation
«À�}À>��iÃ��>Ã�Lii��>�V�>��i�}i����ÃiÛiÀ>��
115. ƂÕÌ��À�`�ÃVÕÃÃ���Ã�Ü�Ì��«À>VÌ�Ì���iÀÃ�>�`�ÃiVÕÀ�ÌÞ��vwV�>�Ã�ÃiÛiÀ>��V��ÛiÀÃ>Ì���Ã�vÀ���Óää��Óä£{®°
116. �Ì��}�Ì�i�]�Ãii��°��>��>�]��°��ÕÌÌiÀLÕV��>�`��°�,ÕL��]�º,>`�V>��Ã>Ì�����À�,i�>L���Ì>Ì���\�1�`iÀÃÌ>�`��}�Ì�i�
�>��i�}i��v� ÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�>�`�,>`�V>��âi`�*À�Ã��iÀÃ]»�,Ƃ ����«iÀ>Ì���]�Óään]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°À>�`°
�À}É«ÕLÃÉÌiV���V>�ÚÀi«�ÀÌÃÉ/,xÇ£°�Ì���>VViÃÃi`��iLÀÕ>ÀÞ�Óä]�Óä£x®]�«°�ÎÇ°�
117. ,i��}��ÕÃ�,i�>L���Ì>Ì�����À�Õ«]�ºƂL�ÕÌ�1û]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÀÀ}°Ã}É>L�ÕÌ�ÕÃ�>VViÃÃi`�£x��>Þ�Óä£x®°
118. �����E��i>À�iÆ�>ÕÌ��À�̀ �ÃVÕÃÃ���Ã�Ü�Ì��Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À>VÌ�Ì���iÀÃ�Ü�À���}����->Õ`��ƂÀ>L�>]�-Üi`i�]�-��}>«�Ài�>� �̀�>�>ÞÃ�>°
119. ��ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��À�Ã�Ã��À�Õ«]�º�iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì���»�>�`���`��iÃ�>��*À�Ã��Ã]»�ƂÃ�>�,i«�ÀÌ]� �°�£{Ó°]�£�� �Ûi�LiÀ�ÓääÇ]�
>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°VÀ�Ã�Ã}À�Õ«°�À}Éi�ÉÀi}���ÃÉ>Ã�>ÉÃ�ÕÌ��i>ÃÌ�>Ã�>É��`��iÃ�>É£{Ó�`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`�
��`��iÃ�>��«À�Ã��ð>ëÝ�>VViÃÃi`�Ón��>�Õ>ÀÞ�Óä£x®°
120. -ii�v�À�iÝ>�«�i]� �V��"½À�>�]�º��ÌiÀÛ�iÜ�Ü�Ì��>���À�iÀ�/iÀÀ�À�ÃÌ\� >Ã�À�ƂLL>ý��iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����7�À�������`��iÃ�>]»�
��L>Ì��}�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��i�ÌiÀ�-i�Ì��i��£]� �°�£Ó�Óään®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ�����ÌÌ«Ã\ÉÉÜÜÜ°VÌV°ÕÃ�>°i`ÕÉ«�ÃÌÃÉ��ÌiÀÛ�iÜ�
Ü�Ì��>�v�À�iÀ�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ��>Ã�À�>LL>ï Ó¯nä¯���`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����Ü�À�������`��iÃ�>�>�`��>��>�Ì����iÌÌ�>ÀV�V��]�º-À��
�>��>½Ã�,i�>L���Ì>Ì����*À�}À>�\�Ƃ� iÜ��À��Ì�iÀ�����Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��>�`��Õ�ÌiÀ���ÃÕÀ}i�VÞ]»�Prism�{]� �°Ó�Óä£Î®]�
>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉVV�°`�`��Ûi°���Éw�iÃÉÓä£{ÉäÓÉ«À�Ã�£äx�£ÓÓÚ�iÌÌ�>À>V�V��°«`v, pp.105-121.
![Page 13: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FLAG IN GREY ZONES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CVE AND DDR IN UN FIELD OPERATIONS73
countries. In settings where it is acceptable
v�À�}�ÛiÀ��i�ÌÃ�Ì��ëi>��>L�ÕÌ��ÃÃÕiÃ��v�v>�Ì��
>�`�Li��iv]�«À�}À>��iÃ�V>����V�À«�À>Ìi�>�
��Ài�Ài��}��ÕÃ�v�VÕÃ]�Ü��V���>Þ���«À�Ûi�Ì�i�
«À�}À>��i½Ã�VÀi`�L���ÌÞ°�Ƃ��Õ�LiÀ��v�«À�}À>��iÃ]�
such as the Religious Rehabilitation Group in
Singapore,117�v�À�iÝ>�«�i]��>Ûi�Ã�Õ}�Ì�Ì��LÀ��}�
in voluntary spiritual advisers, or respected
V���Õ��ÌÞ�>�`�Ài��}��ÕÃ��i>`iÀÃ�Ì���vviÀ�
counselling.118����V>ÃiÃ�Ü�iÀi�}�ÛiÀ��i�ÌÃ�>Ài�
wary or unable to address faith-based issues,
Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃ��>Ûi�v�VÕÃi`���Ài����
«ÃÞV��Ã�V�>��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ]�>Ã����Ì�i�«À�}À>��i����
Ƃ>À�ÕÃ]��i��>À�°�
prison conditions and detainee handling
*À�Ã��Ã�V>��Li���VÕL>Ì�ÀÃ��v�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì���]�LÕÌ�Ì�iÞ�
V>��>�Ã��Li�«�>ViÃ��v�«�Ã�Ì�Ûi�ÌÀ>�Ãv�À�>Ì���°119
7���i��Õ�>��À�}�ÌÃ�>LÕÃiÃ�V>��V��ÌÀ�LÕÌi�Ì��
À>`�V>��Ã>Ì���]�}��`�ÌÀi>Ì�i�Ì��v�`iÌ>��iiÃ�
�>Ã�Lii��Ã��Ü�����Ã��i�V>ÃiÃ�Ì��Þ�i�`�«�Ã�Ì�Ûi�
ÌÀ>�Ãv�À�>Ì���ð120�/�i�iÝ>�«�i��v� >Ã�À�ƂLL>Ã�
�����`��iÃ�>]�Ü����>��Ì>��i`�Ì�>Ì���Ã�«iÀÃ��>��
disavowal of violence was fostered by the good
ÌÀi>Ì�i�Ì��i�ÀiVi�Ûi`�>Ì�Ì�i��>�`Ã��v�«À�Ã���
�vwV�>�Ã]��Ã�>�V>Ãi����«���Ì°121�"��Ì�i��Ì�iÀ��>�`]�
ÃiÛiÀ>���i�LiÀÃ��v�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã�ÃÕV��>Ã�Ƃ+Ƃ*�
>�`��-����>Ûi�Ài«�ÀÌi`�Þ�V��i��ÕÌ��v�`iÌi�Ì����
ÃiÌÌ��}Ã����Ü��Ì���>Ûi���ÃÌÀi>Ìi`�`iÌ>��iiÃÆ�
����ÌÀi>Ì�i�Ì����`iÌi�Ì�����>Þ��>Ûi�V��ÌÀ�LÕÌi`�
Ì��Ì�i�i�ÌÀi�V��i�Ì��v�Ì�i�À�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�
tendencies or generated grievances and deep
ÀiÃi�Ì�i�Ì�Ì�>Ì�V��ÌÀ�LÕÌi`�Ì��Ì�i�À�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì����
and strengthened, or sparked, support to an
iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«°�/��Ã��Ã���Ì�Ì��Ã>Þ�Ì�>Ì���ÃÌ���,�
«À�}À>��iÃ�`��½Ì�>�Ài>`Þ�ÃÌÀ�Ûi�Ì���>��Ì>���
}��`�ÌÀi>Ì�i�Ì�ÃÌ>�`>À`Ã����V>�«Ã]�LÕÌ�>Ã��Ì�iÀ�
chapters in this collection highlight, doing so
�Ã�iëiV�>��Þ�`�vwVÕ�Ì����>VÌ�Ûi�V��L>Ì�Ì�i>ÌÀiÃ�
and when the UN does not have full control of
��,�«À�}À>����}°�/�i�iÛ�`i�Vi�V�Ìi`�>L�Ûi�
underscores the potential risks that arise of out of
Ì�i���ÃÌÀi>Ì�i�Ì��v�«À�}À>��i�«>ÀÌ�V�«>�Ìð�
contextually tailored programming
/�i���«�ÀÌ>�Vi��v�>`>«Ì��}�«À�}À>����}�Ì��
Ì�i�V��ÌiÝÌ�q�ÀiyiVÌ��}���V>�]��>Ì���>�]�Ài}���>�]�
>�`�iÛi����ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��`Þ�>��VÃ�Ì�>Ì�>vviVÌ�
conditions on the ground – has been underscored
LÞ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À>VÌ�Ì���iÀÃ�>�`�iÝ«iÀÌÃ�>VÀ�ÃÃ�
various regions. In societies where tribes, clans, and
i�`iÀÃ�>Ài���«�ÀÌ>�Ì�«���>ÀÃ��v�Ì�i�Ã�V�>��ÃÌÀÕVÌÕÀi]�
�Ì��>�iÃ�Ãi�Ãi�v�À�«À�}À>��iÃ�Ì��Li�L>Ãi`����
efforts to re-establish or strengthen bonds between
Ì�i��>�`�Ì�i�Ài�>L���Ì>Ìi`°�9iÌ�����Ì�iÀ�V��ÌiÝÌÃ]�
Ì�i�À��i��v�Ì�i�v>���Þ�>Ã�>�}Õ>À>�Ì�À��v�«�ÃÌ�Ài�i>Ãi�
Li�>Û��ÕÀ��>Þ���Ì�Li�>««À�«À�>Ìi�LiV>ÕÃi�
culture and legislation do not allow for it. Lessons
�i>À�i`�>�`�«À�}À>��i�`iÃ�}�Ã�vÀ�����i�V�Õ�ÌÀÞ�
V>���Ì�Li�>ÕÌ��>Ì�V>��Þ�ÌÀ>�ë�>�Ìi`����>��Ì�iÀ°�
,i�>L���Ì>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃ�>��i`�>Ì�6 "Ã����Ì�i���,�
V��ÌiÝÌ�Ã����>À�Þ�Ü�����ii`�Ì��Li�Ì>���Ài`�Ì��Ì�i���V>��
>�`�Ài}���>��`À�ÛiÀÃ��v�iÝÌÀi��Ã��>�`�V��y�VÌ]�>�`�
i�ÃÕÀi�Ì�>Ì�Ì�i�i�}>}i�i�Ì��Ã����ÌÕ�i�Ü�Ì����V>��
VÕ�ÌÕÀi]��>ÜÃ]�>�`�«À>VÌ�Við�*À�}À>��iÃ��ii`�Ì��
ÀiyiVÌ�Ì�i�ÀiÃ�ÕÀViÃ�>Û>��>L�i����`�vviÀi�Ì�V��ÌiÝÌÃÆ�
���V�Õ�ÌÀ�iÃ�Ü�iÀi�}�ÛiÀ��i�Ì�ÀiÃ�ÕÀViÃ��>Þ�
��Ì�Li�iÝ«>�Ã�Ûi]�«>ÀÌ�iÀÃ��«Ã�V>��Li�`iÛi��«i`�
Ü�Ì��V�>À�Ì�iÃ]� �"Ã]�>�`�Ì�i�«À�Û>Ìi�ÃiVÌ�À]�
Ü��Ãi�V��ÌÀ�LÕÌ���Ã��>Ûi�i�À�V�i`�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�
«À�}À>��ið122 Such partnerships of course create
new oversight and accountability challenges, as
�Ì�iÀ�V��ÌÀ�LÕÌ���Ã�Ì��Ì��Ã�V���iVÌ����`i���ÃÌÀ>Ìi°
/�iÃi����`Ã��v��iÃÃ��Ã��>Ûi���v�À�i`�Ì�i�
`iÛi��«�i�Ì��v�>�ÃiÌ��v�}��`�«À>VÌ�ViÃ����
121. �ÌÌ«Ã\ÉÉÜÜÜ°VÌV°ÕÃ�>°i`ÕÉ«�ÃÌÃÉ��ÌiÀÛ�iÜ�Ü�Ì��>�v�À�iÀ�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ��>Ã�À�>LL>ï Ó¯nä¯���`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����
work-in-indonesia
122. �>��>�Ì����iÌÌ�>ÀV�V��]�º-À���>��>½Ã�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����*À�}À>�\�Ƃ� iÜ��À��Ì�iÀ�����Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��>�`��Õ�ÌiÀ�
��ÃÕÀ}i�VÞ]»�Prism�{]� �°�Ó�Óä£Î®]�««°£äx�£Ó£°�
![Page 14: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
74 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
,i�>L���Ì>Ì����>�`�,i��Ìi}À>Ì�����v�6���i�Ì�
ÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�"vvi�`iÀÃ]123 developed by the Global
�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã����ÀÕ��v�À�V��Ã�`iÀ>Ì����LÞ��ÌÃ�
�i�LiÀð124 These good practices offer a valuable
set of practical guidelines for states undertaking
`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�>�`�`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃ]�Ü��V��
��}�Ì�>�Ã����v�À��1 ���,�ivv�ÀÌÃ�Û�Ã�D�Û�Ã�6 "ð
7���i�Ì�iÃi���Ã�}�ÌÃ�vÀ���6 �>�`�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����
«À�}À>��iÃ�V>����v�À����,�ivv�ÀÌÃ]�Ì�iÀi�Ài�>��Ã�
the question of whether the UN wants to wade
vÕÀÌ�iÀ���Ì��Ì��Ã�>Ài>��v�Ü�À�°�6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�
rehabilitation present qualitatively different
V�>��i�}iÃ�Ì�>��ÌÀ>`�Ì���>����,°����>`�ÃÌ�w}�ÌiÀÃ]�
v�À�iÝ>�«�i]�>Ài�Ü>}��}�>���`i���}�V>��L>ÌÌ�i�Ì�>Ì�
�Ã�>Ì��``Ã�Ü�Ì��Ì�i�ÃÞÃÌi�Ã�>�`�Û>�ÕiÃ�i�Ã�À��i`����
the UN Charter. �>�Þ�`����Ì�ÀiV�}��âi�Ì�i�
�i}�Ì��>VÞ��À�>ÕÌ��À�ÌÞ��v�Ì�i�ÃÌ>Ìi�>�`�Ì�i�
��ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��ÃÞÃÌi��>�`�`����Ì�V��Ã�`iÀ�
international organisations to be credible
��ÌiÀ��VÕÌ�Àð����>���,�V��ÌiÝÌ]�Ì�i�1 �V>��«�>Þ�
while these insights from cve and rehabilitation programmes can inform ddr efforts, there remains the question of whether the un wants to wade further into this area of work.
Ì�i�À��i��v�>��iÕÌÀ>��>�`���«>ÀÌ�>��«>ÀÌÞ°�/��Ã]�
��ÜiÛiÀ]��>Þ���Ì�Li�Ì�i�V>Ãi�v�À�6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�
Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃ]�}�Ûi��Ì�>Ì����>`�ÃÌ��>ÀÀ>Ì�ÛiÃ�
have grouped the UN alongside the Western
powers they oppose and several organisations
have placed the UN on their target lists. In this
V>Ãi]�V���Õ��ÌÞ��i>`iÀÃ]�v>�Ì���i>`iÀÃ]�Ü��i�½Ã�
}À�Õ«Ã�i°}°���Ì�iÀý�}À�իî]�>�`�V�Û���Ã�V�iÌÞ�
«>ÀÌ�iÀÃ��>Þ�Li�LiÌÌiÀ�ÃÕ�Ìi`�Ì��Ã��i�6 �>�`�
terrorist rehabilitation functions. When such
«>ÀÌ�iÀÃ�`��½Ì�iÝ�ÃÌ��À�Ü�i��«ÀiÃi�Ìi`�Ü�Ì��
À>`�V>��âi`�V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ����Ì�i�V�ÕÀÃi��v���,�
«À�}À>����}]���ÜiÛiÀ]�Ì�i�1 ��>Þ���Ì�Li�>L�i�Ì��
>Û��`�`i>���}�Ü�Ì��ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�>�`�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�Ì�Ài>Ìð
What implications for the UN?
/�i�1 ½Ã�V�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��Àië��ÃiÃ�iÛ��Ûi`�
���>�«�ÃÌ��É££�V��ÌiÝÌ��>À}i�Þ���ÃÕ�>Ìi`�vÀ���Ì�i�
organisation’s broader peace and security, and
`iÛi��«�i�Ì�Ü�À�°�/��Ã��>Ã�Lii��>ÌÌÀ�LÕÌi`�Ì��
«���Ì�V>��Ãi�Ã�Ì�Û�Ì�iÃ�Ài}>À`��}�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��>�`�
Ì�i�º���L>��7>À����/iÀÀ�À»Æ�V��ViÀ�Ã�>L�ÕÌ�
Ì�i�ÃiVÕÀ�ÌÞ��v�ÃÌ>vv�>�`��«iÀ>Ì���Ã����Ì�i�wi�`Æ�
LÕÀi>ÕVÀ>Ì�V���iÀÌ�>Æ�>�`���ÌiÀ`i«>ÀÌ�i�Ì>��Ã���ð125
�ië�Ìi�Ì�i�ivv�ÀÌ�Ì��Ài�>���`�ÃÌ>�Vi`�vÀ���Ì�iÃi�
�ÃÃÕiÃ]�Ì�i�1 ��>Ã���Ì�Lii����ÃÕ�>Ìi`�vÀ���Ì�i�
Ì�Ài>Ì��v�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�°�Ƃ�Ài>`Þ������LÞ>]��>��]�-��>��>]�
123. /�i����L>���Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã����ÀÕ���/�®]�,��i��i��À>�`Õ��������`�*À>VÌ�ViÃ�v�À�,i�>L���Ì>Ì����>�`�
,i��Ìi}À>Ì�����v�6���i�Ì� ÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�"vvi�`iÀÃ]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«Ã\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Ì�i}VÌv°�À}É`�VÕ�i�ÌÃÉ£ä£ÈÓÉ£x�nÇnÉ
,��i³�i��À>�`Õ�� �}��Ã�°«`v.
124. /�i��/���Ã�>����v�À�>����ÌiÀ}�ÛiÀ��i�Ì>��L�`Þ��>`i�Õ«��v�Îä��i�LiÀÃ]�Ó��V�Õ�ÌÀ�iÃ�>�`�Ì�i� ÕÀ�«i>��1����°��
/�i��/���>Ã�`iÛi��«i`�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�}��`�«À>VÌ�ViÃ��i��À>�`>�>�`�v>V���Ì>ÌiÃ�Ì�i�`i��ÛiÀÞ��v�V>«>V�ÌÞ�
LÕ��`��}�>ÃÃ�ÃÌ>�Vi�����ÃÃÕiÃ����i�VÀ����>���ÕÃÌ�Vi�>�`�Ì�i�ÀÕ�i��v��>Ü]�>�`�6 �>VÀ�ÃÃ�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�Ài}���Ã�
��V�Õ`��}�Ì�i�->�i�]���À���v�ƂvÀ�V>�>�`�-�ÕÌ�i>ÃÌ�ƂÃ�>°���À���Ài���v�À�>Ì����Ãii�º/�i����L>���Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��
��ÀÕ�]»�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ���www.thegctf.org�>VViÃÃi`�����>ÀV��Ó]�Óä£x®°
125. �>�iÃ��V�>Þ�i]�Ƃ��ÃÌ>�À�����>À]��>Û�`��ÀÌÀ�}�Ì]�>�`�*iÌiÀ�,��>��Õ�]�º,iÃ�>«��}�1��Ìi`� >Ì���Ã�
�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�� vv�ÀÌÃ\��Õi�-�Þ�/������}�v�À����L>���Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã����«iÀ>Ì����£ä�9i>ÀÃ�ƂvÌiÀ��É££]»����L>��
i�ÌiÀ������«iÀ>Ì�Ûi�-iVÕÀ�ÌÞ�Óä£ä®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°}��L>�Vi�ÌiÀ°�À}ÉÜ«�V��Ìi�ÌÉÕ«��>`ÃÉÓä£ÓÉäÇÉ
,iÃ�>«��}Ú1 / vv�ÀÌÃÚ�Õi�-�Þ�/������}°«`v]�>�`� >ÕÀii����Ü`�ÕÀÞ�����]�*iÌiÀ�,��>��Õ�]�Ƃ��ÃÌ>�À�����>À]�
>�`��>Ã����«i]�º�Õi�-�Þ���\�*À�}ÀiÃÃ�>�`�"««�ÀÌÕ��Ì�iÃ������«�i�i�Ì��}�Ì�i�1 ����L>���Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��
-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ]»����L>��i�ÌiÀ������«iÀ>Ì�Ûi�-iVÕÀ�ÌÞ�Óä£{®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°}��L>�Vi�ÌiÀ°�À}ÉÜ«�V��Ìi�ÌÉ
Õ«��>`ÃÉÓä£{Éä{É�Õi�-�Þ������Ü�,ið«`v.
![Page 15: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FLAG IN GREY ZONES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CVE AND DDR IN UN FIELD OPERATIONS75
>�`�Ƃv}�>��ÃÌ>�]�Ì�i�1 ��Ã��«iÀ>Ì��}����V��y�VÌ�
�>�`ÃV>«iÃ�Ì�>Ì���V�Õ`i�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�>VÌ�ÀÃ�>�`����
Ì�iÃi�V��y�VÌÃ]�>�`��Ì�iÀÃ]��ÌÃ��vwViÃ�>�`�ÃÌ>vv��>Ûi�
been targets of terrorist attacks.
������}�>�i>`]�Ì�i�«�ÃÃ�L���ÌÞ�����Ã��v�«i>Vi�
�«iÀ>Ì���Ã�Li��}�`i«��Þi`�����Ì�iÀ�V��ÌiÝÌÃ�
>vviVÌi`�`�ÀiVÌ�Þ�LÞ�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�>VÌ�ÀÃ]�ÃÕV��>Ã�
Syria or in Nigeria, or of the UN receiving requests
Ì��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�}�ÛiÀ��i�Ì>��>VÌ�ÀÃ����Àië��`��}�Ì��
iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�իð�/��Ã�Ü����ÀiµÕ�Ài�Ì�i�1 �Ì���>Ûi�>�
strategic plan and resources to respond effectively
to these threats.126�ƂÌ�Ì�i�«ÀiÃi�Ì�Ì��i]������ÃÃ���]�
iÛi��Ì��Ãi��«iÀ>Ì��}����i�Û�À���i�ÌÃ����Ü��V��
ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�>�`�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã�>Ài�V��`ÕVÌ��}�
>ÌÌ>V�Ã]�ÃÕV��>Ã��>��]�-��>��>]�>�`�Ƃv}�>��ÃÌ>�]��>Ã�
>�Þ�ëiV�wV�`i`�V>Ìi`�/��À�6 �«À�}À>����}�
capabilities.127�7�i����Ì�iÝ«��V�Ì�Þ��ÕÌ���i`����
Ì�i��>�`>Ìi]���ÃÃ���Ã�>Ài�Õ�>L�i�Ì��`À>Ü����Ì�i�
���iÞ]�«iÀÃ���i�]�>�`����Ü�i`}i��ii`i`�Ì��
`iÛi��«�ÃÌÀ>Ìi}�V�Àië��ÃiÃ�>�`�«À�}À>����}°�
In these settings, DDR will need to be adapted to
ÃÕ�Ì�Ì�i�«>ÀÌ�VÕ�>À�V��y�VÌ�V��ÌiÝÌð����Ã��i�V>ÃiÃ]�
Ì�iÃi��>Þ�Li�>`>«Ì>Ì���Ã��v�iÝ�ÃÌ��}���,�>�`�
ÃÌ>L���â>Ì����ivv�ÀÌÃÆ�����Ì�iÀÃ�Ì�i�`iÛi��«�i�Ì��v�
>��iÜ�Ì�����Ì��>Þ�Li��iViÃÃ>ÀÞ]�LÀ��}��}�Ì�}iÌ�iÀ�
i�i�i�ÌÃ��v�6 ]�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì���]�>�`�
V���Õ��ÌÞ�Û���i�Vi�Ài`ÕVÌ����«À�}À>��ið�/�i�
v����Ü��}�ÃiVÌ������}���}�ÌÃ�Ã��i��iÞ�µÕiÃÌ���Ã�
the UN will need to consider when developing such
���Ì�>Ì�ÛiÃ�>�`�>`Û�Ã��}��Õ�Ì��>ÌiÀ>��v�ÀViÃ�>�`���ÃÌ�
states on their related policies and practices:
1. ��iÃ�Ì�i�1 �V��i���Ì��V��Ì>VÌ�Ü�Ì��iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�
V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ�>Ã�Û��Õ�Ì>ÀÞ���,�«>ÀÌ�V�«>�ÌÃ��À�
��Û��Õ�Ì>ÀÞ�`iÌ>��iiÃ]��À�L�Ì�]�>�`�>Ì�Ü�>Ì�
�iÛi�¶����Ì�i�wÀÃÌ�V>Ãi]�Ì�i�1 �Ü�����ii`�Ì��v�VÕÃ�
���Ài��Ìi}À>Ì����ÃÕ««�ÀÌÆ����Ì�i��>ÌÌiÀ�V>Ãi]�
Ì�i�«À��>ÀÞ�v�VÕÃ�Ü����Li�`�Ãi�}>}i�i�Ì�>�`�
`iÀ>`�V>��Ã>Ì���°���}�iÀ��iÛi��`iÌ>��iiÃ��>Þ�
v>�����Ì��Ì�i��>ÌÌiÀ�V>Ìi}�ÀÞ���Ài��vÌi��Ì�>��
V>ÃÕ>��ÀiVÀÕ�Ìð��Ì��>Þ�iÛi��Li�Ì�>Ì����Ì�i�V>Ãi�
of involuntary detainees, rehabilitation is not a
likely option and that efforts will need to ensure
>�v>�À�>�`�VÀi`�L�i�VÀ����>���ÕÃÌ�Vi�«À�ViÃð�
2. -��Õ�`�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ�Li���Ýi`�Ü�Ì��
����iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�`iÌ>��iiÃ]�>�`��Ã�>�«À�Ã��É
`iÌi�Ì����ÃiÌÌ��}�>««À�«À�>Ìi¶ Segregating
iÝÌÀi��ÃÌÃ�ÀÕ�Ã�Ì�i�À�Ã���v�Ài��v�ÀV��}�>�
}À�Õ«Ì�����`Þ�>��V�Ü�iÀi��>ÀÀ>Ì�ÛiÃ�>�`�
«iÀëiVÌ�ÛiÃ�>Ài�Ài��v�ÀVi`]�Ü�Ì�����iÝ«�ÃÕÀi�
Ì��`�vviÀi�Ì��À�iÛi���««�Ã��}�Û�iÜð�"��
the other hand, there is the possibility that
V�>À�Ã�>Ì�V�`iÌ>��iiÃ�V>��v�ÃÌiÀ�À>`�V>��Ã>Ì����
>���}��Ì�iÀð����Ì�i�V>Ãi��v�Ƃ��-�>L>>L�v�À�
iÝ>�«�i]�Ì�iÀi��>Þ�Li�Ì��Ãi�Ü�������i`�
v�À�i�«��Þ�i�Ì]�>`Ûi�ÌÕÀi]�Ã�V�>��ÃÌ>ÌÕÃ]�
�À�Ã��«�Þ�Ì��w�`�>��>�ÌiÀ�>Ì�Ûi�Ì��>�LÀ��i��
«���Ì�V>��ÃÞÃÌi��>�`�}À�Õ«��}�Ì�i�����
`iÌi�Ì����Ü�Ì���>À`i�i`��`i���}ÕiÃ��>Þ�
prove counterproductive.128 In the case of
Û��Õ�Ì>ÀÞ�`iviVÌ�ÀÃ]��Ì��>Þ�iÛi��Li�Ì�i�V>Ãi�
that prisons are not the appropriate setting
and specially designed rehabilitation centres or
ÌÀ>�Ã�Ì����ë>ViÃ��>Þ�Li���Ài�>««À�«À�>Ìi°
3. ��Ü�Ì��ÀiÃ�ÕÀVi�«À�}À>����}�Ì��i�ÃÕÀi�
�ÌÃ�ÃÕÃÌ>��>L���ÌÞ¶�The credibility of
«À�}À>��iÃ�`i«i�`Ã����Ì�i�À�>L���ÌÞ�Ì��
Õ«���`�Ì�i�À�«À���ÃiÃ�>�`�ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�Ì�i�
full reintegration process. It is therefore
VÀ�Ì�V>��Ì�>Ì�wi�`���ÃÃ���Ã�Li�ÀiÃ�ÕÀVi`�Ì��
ensure the predictability and sustainability
�v�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>����}°���Ài�ÛiÀ]�
��ÃÃ�����>�`>ÌiÃ��ii`�Ì��Li�V�i>À�>L�ÕÌ�
Ì�i�iÝÌi�Ì�Ì��Ü��V����ÃÃ���Ã�q�Ü�iÌ�iÀ�
126. ,�V�>À`���Ü>�]�º ��-��ÀÌ>}i��v�*�Ìi�Ì�>��7�À��v�À���ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��*i>Vi�ii«iÀÃ����Óä£x]»�7�À�`�*���Ì�VÃ�,iÛ�iÜ,
�>�Õ>ÀÞ�£Ó]�Óä£x]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°Ü�À�`«���Ì�VÃÀiÛ�iÜ°V��É>ÀÌ�V�iÃÉ£{nÓÈÉ���Ã��ÀÌ>}i��v�«�Ìi�Ì�>��
work-for-international-peacekeepers-in-2015��>VViÃÃi`��>�Õ>ÀÞ�Ón]�Óä£x®°
127. ƂÕÌ��À½Ã�`�ÃVÕÃÃ���Ã�Ü�Ì��1 ��vwV�>�Ã�>Ì��i>`µÕ>ÀÌiÀÃ�>�`����Ì�i�wi�`°�
128. Ƃ��i����Ì�>�>�`��>�`��ƂL`��i]�º,>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`�>��-�>L>>L�,iVÀÕ�Ì�i�Ì����-��>��>°»�
![Page 16: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
76 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
political or peacekeeping – can and should
Ì>�i����Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�«À�}À>��ið�
ƂÃ�*>Õ��7����>�Ã]�ÜÀ�Ì��}�>L�ÕÌ�Ì�i��ii`�
Ì��iÝ«���Ì�Ƃ��-�>L>>L½Ã�Üi>��«���ÌÃ�>�`�
ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�`�Ãi�}>}i`�w}�ÌiÀÃ���Ìi`]�º7�Ì��ÕÌ�
Ì�i��iViÃÃ>ÀÞ�w�>�V�>��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ]�ivv�ÀÌÃ�Ì��
ÌÀ>�Ã�Ì����v�À�iÀ�w}�ÌiÀÃ���Ì��>�ÌiÀ�>Ì�Ûi�
��Ûi�����`Ã�Ü����v>��]�>�`�¼̀ �Ãi�}>}��}½�
Ü����«À�Ûi����Þ�Ìi�«�À>ÀÞ�>Ã�`�Ã}ÀÕ�Ì�i`�
��`�Û�`Õ>�Ã�ÌÕÀ��>}>��ÃÌ�Ì�i�}�ÛiÀ��i�Ì��À�
Ì��L>�`�ÌÀÞ°»129 In addition to regular budget
ÃÕ««�ÀÌ]���ÃÃ���Ã�Ã��Õ�`�Li�i�«�ÜiÀi`�
to reach out to civil society and private
ÃiVÌ�À�>VÌ�ÀÃ�Ü����>Þ�Li�>L�i�Ì��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�
«À�}À>����}]�>Ã�Ü>Ã�`��i����-À���>��>]�
Ü�iÀi�Ì�i� �"Ã�>�`�«À�Û>Ìi�ÃiVÌ�À�i�Ì�Ì�iÃ�
«À�Û�`i`��>ÌiÀ�>�Ã]�iÝ«iÀÌ�Ãi]�>�`�«iÀÃ���i��
Ì��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�v�À�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����>�`�V���Õ��ÌÞ�
Ài��Ìi}À>Ì����«À�}À>��ið130
ddr programme launch in ed damazin, sudan. un photo/johann hattingh
129. *>Õ���°�7����>�Ã]�º�i>���}�7�Ì����Ãi�}>}i`���}�ÌiÀÃ\�/�i�>Ãi��v�>��-�>L>>L]»���ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��*i>Vi���ÃÌ�ÌÕÌi�
���L>��"LÃiÀÛ>Ì�ÀÞ]��>�Õ>ÀÞ�Ó�]�Óä£Î]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉÌ�i}��L>��LÃiÀÛ>Ì�ÀÞ°�À}ÉÓä£ÎÉä£É`i>���}�Ü�Ì��
`�Ãi�}>}��}�w}�ÌiÀÃ�Ì�i�V>Ãi��v�>��Ã�>L>>LÉ�>VViÃÃi`��>�Õ>ÀÞ�Ón]�Óä£x®°
![Page 17: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FLAG IN GREY ZONES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CVE AND DDR IN UN FIELD OPERATIONS77
4. ��Ü�Ì��i�ÃÕÀi�Ì�i�Ã>viÌÞ�>�`�«À�ÌiVÌ�Ì�i�
À�}�ÌÃ��v�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�V��L>Ì>�Ìö�Where UN
operations include DDR-like efforts, it is
VÀ�Ì�V>��Ì�>Ì�Ì�i�1 �Õ«���`��Õ�>��Ì>À�>���>Ü�
>�`��Õ�>��À�}�ÌÃ�ÃÌ>�`>À`Ã]�>�`�i�ÃÕÀi�
detainees’ safety. Where the UN is called
Õ«���Ì��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ��>Ì���>��}�ÛiÀ��i�ÌÃ����Ì�i�À�
ivv�ÀÌÃ�Ì��`i��L���âi�>�`�`�Ãi�}>}i�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�
V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ�q�Ü�iÌ�iÀ����Ì�i�v�À���v���,]�
6 ]��À�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>����}]���ÃÃ���Ã�
�ÕÃÌ�Õ�`iÀÃV�Ài�Ì�i��ii`�Ì��i�ÃÕÀi�Ì�i�
security and rights of detainees, as required
LÞ�Ì�i�1 ��Õ�>��,�}�ÌÃ��Õi�����}i�Vi�*���VÞ]�
discussed further in the Conclusion to this
V���iVÌ���°�*��À�Þ��>�>}i`�«À�}À>��iÃ�
Ü������Ì����Þ�`>�>}i�Ì�i�VÀi`�L���ÌÞ��v�Ì�i�
UN, national, and international actors and
i�`>�}iÀ�`iÌ>��iiÃ�>�`�Ì�i�À�v>����iÃ]�LÕÌ�
�>Þ�>�Ã��}i�iÀ>Ìi�}À�iÛ>�ViÃ�Ì�>Ì�V>��v�ÃÌiÀ�
À>`�V>��Ã>Ì����>�`�V��«À���Ãi�6 �ivv�ÀÌð
5. ��Ü�Ì��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�vi�>�i�>�`�V���`�w}�ÌiÀÃ�
�À�v>����iö The UN needs to ensure that its
«À�}À>����}]�>�`�Ì�i�«À�}À>��iÃ����Ü��V��
it advises or assists, both address the special
�ii`Ã��v�vi�>�i�>�`�V���`�V��L>Ì>�ÌÃ�>�`�
Ì�i��ii`Ã��v�`iÌ>��iiý�v>����iÃ�Ì��i�ÃÕÀi�Ì�>Ì�
iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã�`����Ì�ÃÌi«����Ì��w���Ì�i�Û��`�
�v�Ì�i�«À��>ÀÞ�LÀi>`Ü���iÀ��Ã����«À�Ã��°��i�>�i�
�i�LiÀÃ��v��Ã�>��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã�>Ài����i�Þ�����>�Þ�
instances to carry out non-operational tasks
but in the event they are detained and found
Ì��Li�>VÌ�Ûi����V��L>Ì��«iÀ>Ì���Ã]�«À�Û�Ã���Ã�
Ü�����ii`�Ì��Li��>`i�Ì��`iÛi��«�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����
«À�}À>��iÃ�������i�Ü�Ì��Ì�i�À����i�Þ�>VÌ�Û�Ì�iÃ�
post-release. As the guidance in the ��Ìi}À>Ìi`�
��,�-Ì>�`>À`Ã��>�iÃ�V�i>À]��Ì�Ã��Õ�`���Ì�Li�
«ÀiÃÕ�i`�Ì�>Ì�«À�}À>��iÃ�`iÃ�}�i`�v�À�Þ�Õ�}�
�i�������i�ÃiÌÌ��}�Ü����Li�`�ÀiVÌ�Þ�>««��V>L�i�
Ì��Ü��i��>�`�Þ�ÕÌ�Ã�}�Ûi��Ì�i�À�`�vviÀ��}�
social roles outside the prison setting. As such,
the UN should support separate facilities and
tailored reintegration support for these groups.
Recommendations
/�i�v����Ü��}�ÀiV���i�`>Ì���Ã�ÃÕ}}iÃÌ�Ã��i�
ways forward for the UN in this area:
1. ��«À�Ûi�Ì�i����iVÌ����iÌÜii��Ì�i�1 ½Ã�/�
vv�ÀÌÃ�>�`�*i>Vi�"«iÀ>Ì���Ã
/�i�v����Ü��}�Ì�Àii�ÀiV���i�`>Ì���Ã�Ãii��
Ì����«À�Ûi�V��À`��>Ì����>�`�V���Õ��V>Ì����
LiÌÜii��Ì�i�1 ½Ã�V�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��ivv�ÀÌÃ�
and its peace operations. Although not
��,�ëiV�wV�ÀiV���i�`>Ì���Ã]�Ì�i�
v����Ü��}�Ü������iÛ�Ì>L�Þ�Li�iwÌ���,�
«À�}À>����}����Ì�i�wi�`\
• ��Ìi}À>Ìi�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��>�`�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã��
��Ì��V��y�VÌ�>�>�ÞÃ�Ã�>�`���ÃÃ�����>�`>ÌiÃ�
Ü�iÀi�>««À�«À�>Ìi\����>�Óä£ä�*ÀiÃ�`i�Ì�>��
-Ì>Ìi�i�Ì]�Ì�i�-iVÕÀ�ÌÞ��Õ�V���ÕÀ}i`�Ì�i�
-iVÀiÌ>ÀÞ��i�iÀ>��Ì��Ì>�i�>���Ài���Ìi}À>Ìi`�
approach to transnational threats,
��V�Õ`��}��À}>��âi`�VÀ��i�>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã�]�
>�`�V��Ã�`iÀ�Ì�i�����`iÛi��«��}�V��y�VÌ�
>�>�ÞÃiÃ]���Ìi}À>Ìi`���ÃÃ����«�>����}]�
>�`�V��y�VÌ�«ÀiÛi�Ì����ÃÌÀ>Ìi}�ið131 This
integrated approach should be adopted at
Ì�i��i�LiÀ�-Ì>Ìi�>�`�-iVÀiÌ>À�>Ì��iÛi��Ì��
ensure that responses and resources are
calibrated to the threat at hand. It is critical
that peacekeeping and special political
��ÃÃ�����>�`>ÌiÃ��>�i�iÝ«��V�Ì�Ü�iÌ�iÀ�
q��À���Ì�q�wi�`���ÃÃ���Ã�>Ài�iÝ«iVÌi`�Ì��
Õ�`iÀÌ>�i�ëiV�wV�6 �Ài�>Ìi`�>VÌ�Û�Ì�iÃ�
>�`É�À���Ü���,�«À�}À>��iÃ�Ã��Õ�`�
130. �>��>�Ì����iÌÌ�>ÀV�V��]�º-À���>��>½Ã�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����*À�}À>�\�Ƃ� iÜ��À��Ì�iÀ�����Õ�ÌiÀ�/iÀÀ�À�Ã��>�`��Õ�ÌiÀ�
��ÃÕÀ}i�VÞ]»�Prism�6��°�{]� �°�Ó�Óä£Î®]�>Û>��>L�i�vÀ����ÌÌ«\ÉÉVV�°`�`��Ûi°���Éw�iÃÉÓä£{ÉäÓÉ«À�Ã�£äx�£ÓÓÚ
Hettiarachchi.pdf, pp. 105-121.
131. º-Ì>Ìi�i�Ì�LÞ�Ì�i�*ÀiÃ�`i�Ì��v�Ì�i�-iVÕÀ�ÌÞ��Õ�V��]»�-É*,-/ÉÓä£äÉ{°
![Page 18: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
78 UN DDR IN AN ERA OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IS IT FIT FOR PURPOSE?
i�}>}i�6 "ð���Ài�ÛiÀ]��Ì��Ã�iÃÃi�Ì�>��Ì�>Ì�
��ÃÃ���Ã�Li�>««À�«À�>Ìi�Þ�ÀiÃ�ÕÀVi`����
ÌiÀ�Ã��v�«iÀÃ���i��>�`�vÕ�`ð�
• �iÛi��«���ÌiÀ�>����ÃÃ����V>«>V�Ì�iÃ��À�
Ài�iÛ>�Ì�«>ÀÌ�iÀÃ��«Ã����/É6 \���ÃÃ���Ã�
Ã��Õ�`�>««���Ì�>�V�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��v�V>��
«���Ì�Ì�>Ì�V>��ÃiÀÛi�>Ã�>�«À��>ÀÞ���>�Ã���
LiÌÜii��Ì�i�wi�`��vwViÃ]�1 �+�L>Ãi`�
i���i����i�/�/�]�/ ��>�`�1 "�]�>�`�
civil society partners. The focal point can
>�Ã��ÃiÀÛi�>Ã�>�ÀiÃ�ÕÀVi�v�À��Ì�iÀ�Ìi>�Ã����
Ì�i���ÃÃ����Ü����>Þ�Li�Ü�À���}�����ÃÃÕiÃ�
���i�}i�`iÀ]�V��y�VÌ�«ÀiÛi�Ì���]�>�`���,�
Ü�iÀi����Ì�>Ì�ÛiÃ��>Þ�Li�iwÌ�vÀ���>``��}�
>�/��À�6 ��i�Ã]�>�`�V>��Li�Ài�>Ìi`�Ì��
LÀ�>`iÀ��Õ�Ì��>ÌiÀ>��ivv�ÀÌÃ�Ì����«�i�i�Ì�
Ì�i�1 ����L>���Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��-ÌÀ>Ìi}Þ°�
/��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�Ì�i�i��>�Vi�i�Ì��v���ÃÃ���Ã�
to address these issues, it is critical that
��ÃÃ����ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�Ìi>�Ã�>Ì��i>`µÕ>ÀÌiÀÃ�
>�`�V�Û���>��ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�Ìi>�Ã����Ì�i�wi�`��>Ûi�
Ì�i�iÝ«iÀÌ�Ãi�>�`�ÀiÃ�ÕÀViÃ�Ì��>``ÀiÃÃ�
Ì�iÃi�V�>��i�}iÃ]�v�À�iÝ>�«�i]�Ì�À�Õ}��
Ì�i�`iÛi��«�i�Ì��v�ÌiV���V>��}Õ�`>�Vi�
�>ÌiÀ�>�Ã��À�ÌÀ>����}ð�Ƃ�ÃiÀ�iÃ��v�ÌÀ>����}�
sessions for UN personnel at HQ and in
Ì�i�wi�`]�>�`���iÃ�Ì�>Ì�V�Õ�`�>�Ã����V�Õ`i�
Ì�i�À���V>��V�Õ�ÌiÀ«>ÀÌÃ����6 �Ài�>Ìi`�
«À�}À>����}]�Ü�����i�«�À>�Ãi�>Ü>Ài�iÃÃ�
about UN protocols and resources that
can be leveraged when designing and
��«�i�i�Ì��}�«À�}À>��iÃ����i���,°�
• ��>�Vi�ÃÌÀ>Ìi}�V�V���Õ��V>Ì���Ã\ The
1 ]�>Ì��i>`µÕ>ÀÌiÀÃ�>�`����Ì�i�wi�`]�Ã��Õ�`�
`iÛi��«�Ì>À}iÌi`�ÃÌÀ>Ìi}�V�V���Õ��V>Ì���Ã�
«À��iVÌÃ�Ì��«À���Ìi�>�V�Õ�ÌiÀ��>ÀÀ>Ì�Ûi�
Ì��iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«��iÃÃ>}��}�>L�ÕÌ�
the UN and its values. At the local level,
��ÃÃ���Ã�V�Õ�`�ÃÕ««�ÀÌ��iÃÃ>}��}�Ì�>Ì�£®�
��v�À�Ã���V>��V���Õ��Ì�iÃ��v�Ì�i�«�Ã�Ì�Ûi�
work being done on the ground and
Ü�iÀi�vÕÀÌ�iÀ�ÀiÃ�ÕÀViÃ�>Ài�>Û>��>L�iÆ�Ó®�
iÝ«�>��Ã�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>��iÃ�Ì���i�«�
V���Õ��Ì�iÃ�ÀiVi�Ûi�`�Ãi�}>}i`�w}�ÌiÀÃ�
>�`�V�Õ�ÌiÀ���ëiÀVi«Ì���Ã�>L�ÕÌ�Ì�i�
«À�}À>��iÆ�>�`�ή���}���}�ÌÃ�Ì�i�ÃÌ�À�iÃ�
�v�Û��Õ�Ì>ÀÞ�`iviVÌ�Àð��Ì�Ü����Li���«�ÀÌ>�Ì�
for these efforts to address the potential
V��y�VÌÃ�LiÌÜii������Ì>ÀÞ�>VÌ���Ã�>�`�6 �
or rehabilitation efforts, and to ensure that
��V>��Þ�>««À�«À�>Ìi�«�>Ìv�À�Ã�>Ài�ÕÃi`°�
-ÕV��V���Õ��V>Ì���Ã�«À��iVÌÃ�Ü����Li�
VÀ�Ì�V>��Ì����«À�Û��}�V���Õ��ÌÞ�Ài�>Ì���Ã�
and ensuring sustained participation in
«À�}À>����}°�Ƃ��>��Õ>���À�L�i���>��Ài«�ÀÌ�
of the Secretary-General to the Security
Council should outline current efforts
Õ�`iÀÜ>Þ�Ì����«�i�i�Ì�Ì�i��Õ�LiÀ��v�
Security Council resolutions relating to
ÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��>�`�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã�]�>�`�
V��ÌÀ�LÕÌi�Ì��Ì�i�`iÛi��«�i�Ì��v�>�ÃÌÀ>Ìi}Þ�
v�À�Õ�`iÀÌ>���}�V���Õ��V>Ì���Ã�>�`�
«À�}À>����}����Ì�i�V����}�Þi>À��À�ÌÜ�°�
Such a report would also help keep the
�Õ�V���>LÀi>ÃÌ��v�`iÛi��«�i�ÌÃ����Ì�iÃi�
Ì�i�>Ì�V�>Ài>Ã�>�`�LiÃiiV��Ì�i��Õ�V���
Ì��V��Ã�`iÀ���Ü��>�`>ÌiÃ��ii`�Ì��Li�
`iÛi��«i`�>�`�wi�`���ÃÃ���Ã��ii`�Ì��Li�
iµÕ�««i`�Ì��>``ÀiÃÃ�6 "ð
2. ��,�ëiV�wV�,iV���i�`>Ì���\�*À�}À>����}�
>�`�,����>�>}i�i����`>�Vi�����i�,��i��v�
6 ������,
• Ài>Ìi�>��Õ�Ì��ÃÌ>�i���`iÀ�«�>Ìv�À��v�À�
Õ�`iÀÃÌ>�`��}�Ì�i���,�6 ���ÌiÀÃiVÌ���\
The UN and its partners should host an
iÝ«iÀÌ��iÛi��V��viÀi�Vi������,�>�`�6 �
to share good practices, lessons learned,
>�`�VÕÀÀi�Ì�Ü�À��«�>�Ã�>���}��iÞ�i�Ì�Ì�iÃ�
>�`�iÝ«iÀÌÃ��«iÀ>Ì��}����Ì�i�wi�`]���V�Õ`��}�
Ì�i�1 ���ÌiÀÀi}���>��À��i�>�`��ÕÃÌ�Vi�
,iÃi>ÀV����ÃÌ�ÌÕÌi�1 �,�®�>�`�Ì�i����L>��
�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��/>Ã����ÀVi�7�À���}�
Group on Rehabilitation and Reintegration.
The conference could build on the issues
highlighted in this collection and provide an
�««�ÀÌÕ��ÌÞ�v�À�>���Ài�}À>�Õ�>À�`�ÃVÕÃÃ����Ì��
ÃÕ««�ÀÌ��Õ�Ì��>ÌiÀ>����,�ivv�ÀÌÃ����V��«�iÝ�
i�Û�À���i�Ìð��-ÕÃÌ>��i`���ÌiÀ>VÌ����>���}�
![Page 19: UNU UN DDR in an Era of Violent Extremism · threats to international peace and security and uphold the values enshrined in its Charter, the question of whether and how to engage](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051911/6001702aca00e368a135a8fd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FLAG IN GREY ZONES: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CVE AND DDR IN UN FIELD OPERATIONS79
the participants could be facilitated by a
ÜiL�L>Ãi`�«�>Ìv�À��>VViÃÃ�L�i�Ì��>���Ü��V��
can serve as a repository also for relevant
`�VÕ�i�ÌÃ�>�`���v�À�>Ì���°
• �iÛi��«�vÕÀÌ�iÀ���,É6 �}Õ�`>�Vi�v�À�
1 �«À>VÌ�Ì���iÀÃ�>�`�«>ÀÌ�iÀÃ����Ì�i�wi�`\
ƂÃ�Ì��Ã�«�iVi�Ãii�Ã�Ì��`i���ÃÌÀ>Ìi]�Ì�iÀi�
>Ài�«�Ìi�Ì�>���ÛiÀ�>«Ã�LiÌÜii����,]�6 ]�
>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«À�}À>����}°�
��`ii`]�iÝ�ÃÌ��}�1 �«À�}À>��iÃ��>Þ�
already contribute to efforts to prevent
>�`�V�Õ�ÌiÀ�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã��Ü�Ì��ÕÌ�
Li��}�iÝ«��V�Ì�Þ��>Li��i`�>Ã�ÃÕV�°�7�Ì��Ã��i�
>`�ÕÃÌ�i�ÌÃ]��Ì�iÀ�«À�}À>��iÃ�V�Õ�`�
��V�À«�À>Ìi�6 ��À�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����
«À�}À>����}�>�`��/��Ài��ÃiÀÌ����ivv�ÀÌð�
/�iÀi�>Ài�ViÀÌ>���Þ�«À�}À>��>Ì�V�V�>��i�}iÃ�
��Û��Ûi`]�LÕÌ�Ì�i�L�}}iÀ�µÕiÃÌ����Ài�>��Ã�
whether the UN is the right entity to
�i>`�«À�}À>����}����6 ]�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�
rehabilitation, and issues surrounding
v�Ài�}��ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�w}�ÌiÀð���,-�>�`��Ì�iÀ�
1 �`i«>ÀÌ�i�ÌÃ�i�}>}i`����Ài�>Ìi`�>VÌ�Û�ÌÞ�
�ii`�}Õ�`>�Vi�vÀ����i�LiÀ�-Ì>ÌiÃ�>L�ÕÌ�
the role of the UN in countering violent
iÝÌÀi��Ã��>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì�������Ì�i�
V��ÌiÝÌ��v�«i>Vi��«iÀ>Ì���Ã�>�`��ÕÌÃ�`i��v�
Ì�i�°�/�iÀi��ii`Ã�Ì��Li�`�ÀiVÌ����>L�ÕÌ�
which UN entities will be involved in, and
lead, this work.
• �iÛi��«�i�Ì��v�>�,�Ã��ƂÃÃiÃÃ�i�Ì�>�`�
-VÀii���}�/����Ì��-VÀii��v�À�6 "Ã����
��,�ÃiÌÌ��}Ã\��/�i�`iÛi��«�i�Ì��v�ÃÕV��
a tool could draw on ones developed for
6 �>�`�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌ�Ài�>L���Ì>Ì����«ÕÀ«�ÃiÃ�
q�ÃÕV��>Ã�*ÕL��V�->viÌÞ�>�>`>½Ã�,�Ã��
ƂÃÃiÃÃ�i�Ì��iV�Ã���Ã�v�À�6���i�Ì�*���Ì�V>��
ÝÌÀi��Ã�132 – but will need to be tailored
to each DDR setting.
Conclusion
/�i��>ÌÕÀi��v�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã�>�`�Ì�i�
threats to international peace and security that
they pose underscores the potential for the UN
to play a critical role in efforts to counter violent
iÝÌÀi��Ã��>�`�Ài�>L���Ì>Ìi�ÌiÀÀ�À�ÃÌð�7�Ì���ÌÃ�
ÃiÛi��`iV>`iÃ��v�`iÛi��«�i�Ì]��Õ�>��Ì>À�>�]�
and peacekeeping work, the UN is well placed to
>ÃÃ�ÃÌ����Ì��Ã�wi�`��v�Ü�À�°133��ië�Ìi�>��Õ�LiÀ��v�
«�Ã�Ì�Ûi�`iÛi��«�i�ÌÃ����Ì�i�V�Õ�ÌiÀÌiÀÀ�À�Ã��
architecture at headquarters, the challenges
v>Vi`�LÞ�1 ���ÃÃ���Ã��«iÀ>Ì��}����V��y�VÌ�ë>ViÃ�
Ì�>Ì���V�Õ`i�iÝÌÀi��ÃÌ�}À�Õ«Ã���}���}�Ì�Ì�i��ii`�
v�À�}Ài>ÌiÀ�i�}>}i�i�Ì�Ü�Ì��>�`�ÃÕ««�ÀÌ�v�À�
wi�`���ÃÃ���ð�ƂÃ�ÃiVÕÀ�ÌÞ�Ì�Ài>ÌÃ�iÛ��Ûi]�Ã��Ì���
�ÕÃÌ�Ì�i���ÌiÀ�>Ì���>��Àië��Ãi]�>�`�Ì�i�«���Ì�V>��
}Õ�`>�Vi�Ì��Ì�i�wi�`������Ü�Ì��V��`ÕVÌ���,�
���V��«�iÝ�V��y�VÌ�i�Û�À���i�Ìð�7�iÀi>Ã]�Ì�i�
IDDRS and later the Second Generation DDR
V��Vi«Ì�ÀiyiVÌi`�Ì�i�V�>�}��}�V��y�VÌ��>�`ÃV>«i�
�v�Ì�i��>ÃÌ�`iV>`i]�Ì�i�i�iÀ}i�Vi�>�`�iÝ«>�Ã����
of terrorist groups and their roles in instigating
social and political instability, fuelling sectarian
Ìi�Ã���Ã�>�`�>À�i`�V��y�VÌ]�>�`���«i`��}�
`iÛi��«�i�Ì���`�V>Ìi�Ì�>Ì���,�«À>VÌ�ViÃ����Ì�i�
wi�`��ii`�Ì��vÕÀÌ�iÀ�>`>«Ì°���Ài�ÛiÀ]�Ì�i��>ÌÕÀi�
�v�Ì�i�Ì�Ài>Ì�>�`�Ì�i�����ÌÃ�Ì����,�«À�}À>����}�
À>�Ãi�Ì�i�µÕiÃÌ�����v�Ü�iÌ�iÀ�Ì�i�1 �Ü����`����Ài�
Ì��V�Õ�ÌiÀ�Û���i�Ì�iÝÌÀi��Ã��>�`�Ài�>L���Ì>Ìi�
terrorists when it is called upon.
132. ��À���Ài���v�À�>Ì���]�Ãii�º,�Ã��ƂÃÃiÃÃ�i�Ì��iV�Ã���Ã�v�À�6���i�Ì�*���Ì�V>�� ÝÌÀi��Ã��Óää��äÓ°»�*ÕL��V�->viÌÞ�
Canada, [�ÌÌ«\ÉÉÜÜÜ°«ÕL��VÃ>viÌÞ°}V°V>ÉV�ÌÉÀÃÀVÃÉ«L�VÌ�ÃÉÓää��äÓ�À`ÛÉ��`iÝ�i�}°>ëÝ�,i�iÛ>�Vi].
133. �����iÌ�>�°]�º�Õi�-�Þ���°»