untightening torque can we use the untightening / tightenigng torque ratio to estimate the...
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Untightening torque
Can we use the untightening / tightenigng torque ratio to estimate the efficiency of HEICO-LOCK ?
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Action in the bolt
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What is the tightening torque
• T= Force x distance
distance
Force
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Torque calculation
• Kellermann & Klein
Torque = ( p/2π + 0,583 d μf + D/2 μt) *F• F= clamp Force• P= pitch
• Rotzler
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Tightening energy ratio
Source : Cetim
②
Thread friction ~ 40%
Underhead friction ~ 50%
Tension ~ 10%
A high friction in the thread adds
high torsion
TOTAL ENERGY SUPPLIED BY
THE TIGHTENING
TORQUE
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Tightening energy ratio
Source : Grupo Aztec
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Tightening energy ratio
12%
32%
56%
Source : Bolt Science
②
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Tightening enegergy Ratio• summary :– 50% underhead of the bolt / nut friction – 40% thread friction– 10% generate tension /clamp load
Only the clamp load serves the join.
①
②
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Specific friction with wedge lock effect components
TIGHTENING :Friction under the bolthead:
The bolt/nut slides on the serrated surface of the HL washer
UNTIGHTENING :Friction :
The upper washer slides on the lower, at the cam side. Cam surface could be considered to flat surface
①
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• µa > µi
Specific friction with wedge lock effect components
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consequence
• The torque, taken by the friction between the cams when untightening is much lower than the torque taken by the friction under the bolt head on the serrated side.
• The Untightening / Tightening ratio, depends on friction coefficients on 2 differents surfaces
①
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Clamp load increase when untightening②
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Clamp load increase when untightening
Tension / clamp load increase
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Clamp load increase when untightening
• Depending on:– Cam angle α
– Cam height
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Clamp load increase when untightening
• Depending on:– Clamp length
Case A Case B
The elongation of the bolt when passing the cam peak is equal in value (few 1/10mm), but the % is much higher on short clamp length (case B) than long bolt (case A).
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• Different product could have :– different α– different cam height
Þ the clamp load increase could be a bit different
Þ the wedge effect requires α>β. We cannot deduct any better or worse effect.
Þ Only the residual clamp load prooves the efficiency.
Consequence ②
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Consequence
• Underhead frictions, are different Tightening / Untightening– The torque need to beat the friction varies
• Clamp load increase could vary due the geometry of the washers– The torque need to increase the clamp load and
pass the peak varies
②①
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Consequence
Untightening / Tightening ratio doesn’t give any information on the wedge effect efficiency.Tests available:• Occular : tighten and then untighten. when
turning left, it should slide between the cams.When passing the cam peak, a « click » should be feelt or heard.
• Junker test by simulating your joint.• Real life montage and test.
②①
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION