unmanned aerial vehicles or how i learned to stop worrying ... · brief history of drones kettering...
TRANSCRIPT
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
or
How I learned to stop
worrying and love drones!
Dr. Charles O’Neill
Aerospace Engineer, UA Professor, Pilot
charles-oneill.com or aero.ua.edu
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Brief History of Drones
Kettering Bug (1918)
Cruise Missile – 75 mi
Walden Aerial
Torpedo (1915)
German Mistel 4s (1945)
FW190 on Ju88
Project Aphrodite
U.S. B-17 (1944)
Ryan Firebee
(1955 – 2003)
Target & Scout
D21 Recon Drone
Aerial Launch from SR-71
(1969 – Cancelled 1971)CC
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Brief History of Drones
MQ-1 Predator
(1995)
• Engine from manned
experimental/sport a/c
• Missiles from helicopter
Griffon Aerospace Outlaw-Seahunter
(present)
• Redundant, modular, 2kW
• Huntsville, AL
http://griffon-aerospace.com/
Public domain
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Brief History of Drones
DJI Inspire (present)
The archetypical “drone”
• Commercial Quadcopter
• Camera on Gimbel
• Radio link to iPhone
• 30 minute flights
• Tracks objects
• GPS navigation system
• ~$1500
By Capricorn4049 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
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Technology driving Drones/UAVs
Micro Electro-Mechanical Sensors
High Capacity Lithium Ion Batteries
Microprocessors (low weight and power)
Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Systems
Brushless Electric Motor & Speedcontroller
Blade Nano QX
$60
0.58 oz (~ 3 US quarters!)
Stability Augmentation System
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National Airspace System (NAS)
The FAA owns the sky.
• Airports
• Navigation
• A/C Separation
Different “classes” of
airspace:
• B = Big (Atlanta)
• C, D are controlled
near airports
• E, F controlled
• G = Go for it!
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Operation of UAVs in the NAS• Hobby: Model Aircraft
• Academy of Model Aircraft
• 55 pound limit
• NO commercial/paid flights
• Commercial
• Section 333 Exemption (expensive, difficult)
• Single aircraft & single location (draconian)
• Private & Commercial
• Part 107 Rules (since 2016)
• Significant development for U.S. flights
• Military & Special Rules
• Not discussed here.
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Part 107 (Operation)• Requires certified pilot but NOT certified aircraft
• Line of sight (Mark I eyeball)
• Below 400 feet AGL or within 400 feet of structure (!!!!)
• Less than 100 mph groundspeed
• Less than 55 lbs
• Class G airspace with zero communications. All others
require Air Traffic Control clearance/communication.
• No interstate flight.
• Must report damage over $500.
• … several other minor points….
• FAA will waive restrictions if safe flight in NAS can be
demonstrated.
• Commercial and Paid Flights (Survey for $$$)
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Part 107 (Certification)
“Remote Pilot Airman Certificate”
• Existing Part 61 pilots (Sport, Private, …, ATP)
• Fast track. Show recent flight review. Small online quiz
• Zero cost
• Non-pilots
• Training aeronautical knowledge course at an FAA
training center (Abe at Tuscaloosa Airport’s General
Aviation Center)
• TSA Background check
• 16 years old
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Usage and Potential
Shelby Hall, The University of Alabama
3D Mapping and Surveying
LIDAR scanning
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Surveying and Civil Engineering Applications
Q: Is this an aerial photo?
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A: No. This is a digital 3D mesh reconstructed from MANY photos.
UAV Cost:
5 minutes of flight
Very cheap <<$100
0.5”/1cm accuracy
Compare to:
Traditional surveying
LIDAR flights
….
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Q: How efficient is this house?
Q: Is there post-hurricane damage to this house or roof?
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Q: What Thermodynamic & Load calculations can you do with
reconstructed 3D geometry and temperatures?
FLIR VuePRO Infrared Camera
FLIR Inc
DJI
DJI S900
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Extra Hot Solar Panels
Cooler Roof from Tree’s Shadows
Hotter Roof from Skylight Reflections
Reconstructed 3D Thermal Geometry
Slightly hotter. Roof variation!
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https://youtu.be/lZJWXft7Pd8Q: How did this house on Marco Island, FL survive hurricane Irma?
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The Future of Drones
• 100+ year anniversary of the Fokker Scourge (1915)
The machine gun interrupter changed the nature of
aerial warfare.
• Micro components and high density batteries are
changing the nature of aerial flight.
• Drones will fight drones. Ruthlessly.
• Dystopian? Utopian? Drones are just a tool for the
human mind.
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Dr. Charles O’Neill
aero.ua.edu
222 Hardaway, UA
(617) 449-8206
This presentation will be available at:
http://tiny.cc/CE260Drone
Contact:Drone Pilot for Hire?
(this could be you)