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Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave Insights to 110 GHz Daren McClearnon 5G Solution Marketing Webcast, November 2016

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Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave Insights to 110 GHz

Daren McClearnon

5G Solution Marketing

Webcast, November 2016

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Agenda

Challenges at Millimeter Wave

• Evolving landscape: 5G, industry, and regulatory

• Technology: Components; signals & noise; stability

• Requirements: flexibility, performance

Approaches

• Achieving wideband, low-EVM at 28GHz; a co-existence study

• Adapting to 5 GHz bandwidths and

charting new territory to 110GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 2

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Spectrum Activity: New Air Interface Approaches for All Bands

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

<6GHz

Updated CP-OFDM (like LTE). With Flexible

numerology, TTI, and Frame

Orthogonal waveform, but Non-orthogonal MA

scheme

FDD and (flexible) TDD

Unconstrained by LTE compatibility— new

radionew spectrum

Accommodate higher-order MIMO

3

Duplex Multiple Access

Scheme

Waveform Type Modulation Format

• FDD

• TDD

• Flexible

Duplex

• Full Duplex

• OFDMA

• SCMA

• NOMA

• MUSA

• Single-carrier

• Multi-carrier:

• CP-OFDM

• FBMC

• UFMC/UF-

OFDM

• GFDM

• W-OFDM

• OQPSK

• QAM

• New constellation

mapping

• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)

• Filter Bank Multicarrier(FBMC)

• Universal Filtered Multicarrier(UFMC)

• Universal filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM)

• Windowed OFDM (W-OFDM)

• General Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM)

• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

• Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

• Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA)

• Multi-User Shared Access (MUSA)

3GHz 10GHz 40GHz 90GHz

>6GHz <40GHz

Compatible with <6GHz

– Mostly (flexible) TDD

– OFDM-based with scaled

numerology from <6GHz

– Emphasis on “universal frame

structure” for all bands (same

frame structure as new <6GHz

multiple-access numerology)

>40GHz

– May require single-carrier

waveform

– TDD or PTP/PTMP only (71-

86GHz exception?)

– Most likely used for fixed-

wireless applications (not

eMBB)

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Millimeter-wave 5G Frequency bands

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 4

Frequency Ofcom FCC (Jun

2016)

ITU (Oct 2015)

For study

28GHz (25-27GHz) BW 425MHzX2 24.25-27.5GHz

37GHz BW 400MHzX4 37-40.5GHz

39GHz BW 200MHzX7

40.5-43.5GHz FFS 42.5-43.5GHz

45.5-48.9GHz 45.5-47GHz

47.2-50.2GHz

50.4-52.6GHz

57-66GHz 59.3-71GHz

(extend ISM—

unlicensed)64-71GHz 66-71GHz 66-76GHz

71-76GHz

81-86GHz

Examples of Public Activity (Updated Summer 2016)

• FCC Announced rules on mmWave proposals 14 July 2016

• Ericsson will provide 28GHz system for SKT (Korea) and 15GHz system for CMCC

• Intel banking on 28GHz in US and implementing accordingly

• AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile filed for experimental licenses (3.5, 3.7, 15, 28, 37, 39GHz)

• Most large players demonstrating high-rate capabilities from 15-90GHz

Most Likely Uses of Spectrum as of Sept 2016

• Significant investment in EMBB Mobile, Multiple Access

<40GHz due to cost and simplicity.

• 28GHz: Korea, Japan, and USA

• 37-39 GHz USA and perhaps more likely for Europe

• 24-27GHz : Europe

• 45GHz: Focus for 802.11aj in China

• 57-86GHz Bands more likely for high-speed point-to-

point and extensions of ISM-based WiFi

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Summary of Regulatory Landscape

– 28 GHz “centimeter-wave” band and also 37-40 GHz

• What performance (eg - EVM) can be expected for pre-5G signals?

• What compliance/interoperability should be considered vs. existing satellite/LMDS bands?

– FCC Ruling in July 2016* opened up to 14 GHz of spectrum (57-71GHz)

• How will the worldwide market adapt to this new allocation, and apply it?

• How can existing testbeds address such large bandwidths, in new bands?

• What performance and interoperability is needed?

– Spectral Emissions policies are being considered above 86 GHz (eg – to 110 GHz in Japan)

• What sensitivity and performance is required to perform these tests?

• How does one debug broadband compliance issues using individual banded solutions?

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 5

https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-340301A1.pdf

https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-340310A1.pdf

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Why Go To mmWave?

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Challenges of bringing electronic products to market

5G Industry 5G Beamforming

Massive Growth in

Mobile Data

Demand

Massive Growth

in Number of

Connected Devices

Exploding Diversity

of Wireless

Applications

Resolve Subscribers

in Dense

Environments

Compact, Mobile

Platforms

Decrease

Interference

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Summary: Numerous Design & Measurement Challenges at mmWave

Small Dimensions and

Complex Test SetupsChallenging Ultra Wideband

mmWave Measurements

Small Signal Strength

& Wideband Integrated Noise

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 7

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Industry Challenge

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

New Spectrum Wide bandwidths for high data throughput New issues

8

Move to mmWave for wide bandwidths

Challenging ultra wideband mmWave measurements

• Phase noise, IQ & freq response errors worse at mmW

• Wide bandwidth means more noise, more spurs, worse

EVM

0 100

GHz

908070605040302010

100 GHz emerging 5G research

Up to 5 GHz BW for 5G signals

Design and measurement challenges

5G Industry Drivers

Massive Growth in

Mobile Data

Demand

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Industry Challenge

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Small cells provide great service in a crowd Increased emissions compliance

9

mmWave signals attenuate quickly with distance

mmWave small cells enable dense deployment

Small signal strength

• Very small signals in more noise as frequency/bandwidth

increases

• Can’t use preamplifier for measurements like spectrum

emission mask (SEM)

Emerging 92–95 GHz small cell point-

to-point backhaul

Emissions measurement in 86-92

GHz passive band

Design and measurement challenges

5G Industry Drivers

Massive Growth in

Mobile Data

Demand

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Industry Challenge

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Smaller wavelengths, smaller components new issues in calibration, stability

10

High frequency leads to smaller components

Small dimensions & complex test setups

• Smaller, fragile cables, adaptors; calibration, stability

• Ultra wideband frequency spans, more spurs and noise

• More difficult to maintain the same EVM at mmW

Design and measurement challenges

5G Industry Drivers

Compact, Mobile

Platforms

Massive Growth

in Number of

Connected Devices

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Agenda

Challenges at Millimeter Wave

• Evolving landscape: 5G, industry, and regulatory

• Technology: Components; signals & noise; stability

• Requirements: flexibility, performance

Approaches

• Achieving wideband, low-EVM at 28GHz; a co-existence study

• Adapting to 5 GHz bandwidths and

charting new territory to 110GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 11

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Typical Testbed to Evaluate 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

M8190A AWG

with SystemVue

Installed on

Embedded

Controller

E8267D PSG

DSOV334A

33 GHz

Oscilloscope N9040B 50 GHz

UXA

(1 GHz BW)

12

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Wideband EVM Considerations

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 13

Easier to remove

• IQ Gain Imbalance

• IQ Skew

• Flatness vs. frequency

• Slow drift vs.

time/temperature

Harder to remove

• Effective AWG/Digitizer number of bits,

vs. high crest-factor signals

• Higher kTB noise floor from wider BW

~LOG10(BW).

• Losses & noise are inescapable

• Phase noise

• Gain/Phase changes vs. amplitude

Realistic expectations

• The EVM may be S/N-limited, even

before you even stimulate the DUT

• Greater care to maintain the signal level

in the ‘sweet spot’ of AWG/Digitizers

N-b

it A

DC

/DA

C r

ange

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Question: where does basic Equalization make the system “flat”?

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 14

Differential I/Q Signals

Lossy 28GHz cableE8267D

with wideband IQ inputs

M8190A AWG

DirectOutCH1

DirectOutCH2

Ref Clk In

10 MHz Out

RefIn

50 GHz UXA

LAN

28 GHz0 dBm

Laptop PC

DUT1?2? 3?

4?

Lossy, 28GHz cable

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Question: where does basic Equalization make the system “flat”?

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 15

Differential I/Q Signals

Lossy 28GHz cableE8267D

with wideband IQ inputs

M8190A AWG

DirectOutCH1

DirectOutCH2

Ref Clk In

10 MHz Out

RefIn

50 GHz UXA

LAN

28 GHz0 dBm

Laptop PC

DUT

4Answer: At the analyzer.So there is one morepotential improvement.

Lossy, 28GHz cable

4

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Calibrating your system for best EVM at 28GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Build confidence into your 5G system

16

5G Signal Generation

5G Signal Analysis

Wideband Calibration

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 17

Flexible Waveform Generation: Software + AWG+ PSG

Software

Signal Optimizer

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Keysight Signal Optimizer to calibrate 28 GHz Test Configuration

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 18

Differential I/Q Signals

E8267Dwith

wideband IQ inputs

M8190A AWG

DirectOutCH1

DirectOutCH2

Ref Clk In

10 MHz Out

RefIn

50 GHz UXA

LAN

Laptop PC with K3101A

Signal Optimizer

U9391 comb generator

Calibrated

reference

1. Apply Comb reference to DUT output plane

Flatten your RX cable, downconverter and analyzer

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Keysight Signal Optimizer to calibrate 28 GHz Test Configuration

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 19

Differential I/Q Signals

ModulatedRF/ uWave out

E8267Dwith

wideband IQ inputs

M8190A AWG

DirectOutCH1

DirectOutCH2

Ref Clk In

10 MHz Out

RefIn

50 GHz UXA

LAN

28 GHz0 dBm

Laptop PC with K3101A

Signal Optimizer

RX

calibration

plane

THRU

2. Connect Source (direct “thru” without DUT) to Analyzer

Flatten your TX source + upconverter + cable.

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Keysight Signal Optimizer to calibrate 28 GHz Test Configuration

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 20

Differential I/Q Signals

ModulatedRF/ uWave out

E8267Dwith

wideband IQ inputs

M8190A AWG

DirectOutCH1

DirectOutCH2

Ref Clk In

10 MHz Out

RefIn

50 GHz UXA

LAN

28 GHz0 dBm

Laptop PC with K3101A

Signal Optimizer

DUT

3. Now your signal AT THE DUT input is clean, with low EVM.

Connect your DUT, and measure it!

RX

calibration

plane

TX

calibration

plane

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Signal Optimizer Results

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

M8190A AWG + E8267D PSG, and 50 GHz UXA with 1 GHz option (H1G)

21

Signal type

• 16QAM, 1 GHz BW

• 28 GHz, -10 dBm

• single carrier

modulation

Calibrated result

• 0.76% RMS EVM

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Signal Optimizer Results

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

M8190A AWG + E8267D PSG, and 50 GHz UXA with 1 GHz option (H1G)

22

Signal type

• Custom OFDM

• 700 MHz BW

• 28 GHz, -10 dBm

Calibrated result

• 0.93% RMS EVM

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Comparison: 28 GHz with 700 MHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Using 89600 VSA Equalization only

23

Signal type

• (5) 100MHz

LTE carriers

• 700MHz BW

• 28GHz

VSA EQ-only result

• 1.21% RMS EVM

Tilt down

vs. freq

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Comparison: 28 GHz with 700 MHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Using Signal Optimizer calibration, then 89600 VSA Equalization to track drift

24

Signal type

• (5) 100MHz

LTE carriers

• 700MHz BW

• 28GHz

Calibrated &

Equalized result

• 0.92% RMS EVM

Flatter

vs. freq

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Why is clean EVM at the DUT important?

Why Calibrate

– A Low-EVM test system allows greater resolution for low added- EVM devices. (How low is enough?)

– Not all errors are corrected by equalizers. (some static IQ modulator impairments, vs. frequency)

– Absolute signal quality to the DUT is critical for nonlinear devices (eg - DPD)

– Cable loss is not flat across the bandwidth at 28GHz: simple USB power meter not enough

Other notes:

– E8267D PSG updated firmware to optimize the power level/AGC of the source for wideband signals,

for better EVM

– Calibrations can still drift at millimeter-wave frequencies with temperature variations, mechanical

disturbance, and change of carrier frequency and/or bandwidth

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Additional considerations

25

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

5G & Satellite Coexistence @ 28 GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Evaluate Potential Interference Scenarios

Wideband APSK

Satellite

Waveform

Wideband

Custom OFDM

Waveform

Wideband

Satellite

Waveform

5G Candidate

Waveform

Source: https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-15-138A1.pdf

26

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

5G & Satellite Coexistence @ 28 GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Scenario 1- Good Coexistence Between Satellite and Candidate 5G

27

Custom OFDM Satellite

Custom OFDM Demodulation

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

5G & Satellite Coexistence @ 28 GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Scenario 1- Poor Coexistence Between Satellite and Candidate 5G

28

Custom OFDM Satellite

Custom OFDM Demodulation

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

5G & Satellite Coexistence @ 28 GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Scenario 1- Poor Coexistence Between Satellite and Candidate 5G

29

EVM vs. Subcarrier

Satellite signal is interfering with

candidate 5G signal subcarriers

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Agenda

Challenges at Millimeter Wave

• Evolving landscape: 5G, industry, and regulatory

• Technology: Components; signals & noise; stability

• Requirements: flexibility, performance

Approaches

• Achieving wideband, low-EVM at 28GHz; a co-existence study

• Adapting to 5 GHz bandwidths and

charting new territory to 110GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 30

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Case Study 2 – Charting New Territory to 110 GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

A 5GHz wide E-band PA at 81-86 GHz, and beyond

31

6x HARMONIC

UPCONVERTER

WAVEGUIDE

AMPLIFIERWG-1mm

ADAPTER

1mm cable

1mm SA Port

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Question about 1mm connectors:Which is Female vs. Male?

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 32

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Question about 1mm connectors:Which is Female vs. Male?

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 33

It’s difficult to measure performance that you can’t even see.

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

110 GHz configuration used for this case study

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Wideband E-band signal source, with new 110 GHz signal analyzer

34

DSOS840A

S-series 8 GHz Infiniium oscilloscope

E-band

upconverter

IF Input

N5183B MXG Signal generator

as clean LO

FOR DEMOD

wideband

5GHz IF Output

LO In

DUTCh1 Data Out

Direct-to-IF

M8195A 65 GSa/s AWG

fc=83.5 GHz

-20 dBm

N9041B 110 GHz UXA signal analyzer

fc=5 GHz

0 dBm

f=14.75GHz

-4 dBm

(88.50GHz high-side LO)

WG

1mm

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

M8195A AWG for “Direct-to-IF” signals• Typical signal IF=5 GHz

• Up to 20 GHz of analog bandwidth

• No IQ errors, very flat

• Best noise & SFDR into mm-head

DSOS840A with VSA software

for “Direct-from-IF” analysis• Digitizes low-GHz IF directly

• Performs clean DDC to baseband

• Very flat for the wide bandwidth

Advantages of wideband baseband platformsCapable beyond 5 GHz bandwidths, for whole-band and multi-carrier signals

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 35

N9029ACST-U12• Harmonic upconverter

for the 60-90GHz band

• x2 instead of x6,

lower noise, spurs

• Very wideband

• Compact size

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Unfiltered DUT output, 60-110 GHz as a test case

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Question: Which spectral responses are “real”?

36

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Unfiltered DUT output, 60-110 GHz as a test case

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Typically a 81-86 GHz BPF filter would be used

37

DESIRED SIGNAL

(N) Lower Sideband

2GHz QAM16 @

83.5GHzIMAGE

(N-1) Lower

Sideband

@63.5GHz

IMAGE

(N) Upper

Sideband

@93.5GHz

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Spectral Emissions Masks

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Worldwide policy activity in V, E, and W bands – such as ETSI EN 302 217-2-2

38

ETSI EN 302 217-2-2 V2.2.1 (2014-04) (pg 26), regarding 71-76GHz and 81-86GHz bands

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Spectral Emissions Masks

– New mm-Wave bands are

opening up demand for new

policies > 86 GHz

– Already discussion of 90-

110GHz in each region

– SEM requires lower noise floor

and SFDR for compliance and

R&D debug

Do you have the sensitivity for

Spectral Emissions?

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

New policy activity in V, E, and W bands

39

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Displayed Avg Noise Level (DANL), 3 Hz – 110 GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Full span, ResBW=1MHz

40

-150 dBm (@1 Hz BW)

105 GHz

Ultra low noise

architecture

enables new

applications.

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Displayed Avg Noise Level (DANL), 105GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

1 MHz span, 1kHz ResBW

41

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Now let’s re-consider our E-band TX source and amplifier DUT

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Sensitivity and spur-free dynamic range are critical

42

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

QAM16 Modulation performance at 83.5 GHz, with PA

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 43

1.6 GSym/s, 2 GHz BW500 MSym/s, 650 MHz BW

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

QAM64 Higher-order Modulation performance at 83.5 GHz

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 44

1.6 GSym/s, 2 GHz BW 4.0 GSym/s, 4.8 GHz BW

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Disable baseband source AWG (turn off modulation)

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

(n)*14.75GHz feedthrough harmonics from the Mixer LO

45

PRIMARY

N=6

@ 88.5GHz

Image

N=7

@103.25GHz

Image

N=5

@73.75GHz

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Looking for additional spurs, subharmonics, oscillations

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Increase the sensitivity of the system

46

• Turn on AVERAGING

• Reduce RES BW

• Reduce ATTENUATION,

if possible

Any more hidden spurs? Subharmonics?

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Looking for other EMI and other compliance issues

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Turn off RF output on the 14.75 GHz Mixer LO still some noise

47

Keep in mind:

still sweeping from

60 GHz to 110 GHz

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Enable “Noise Marker”

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

accounts for ResBW, then renormalizes to 1Hz

48

• Modulation = OFF

• LO is OFF.

• There is no signal.

• Where is the extra

residual noise

coming from?

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Mixer and PA BiasOFF. Noise floor reduces by another 6dB

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Question: is it from the Mixer collecting noise? or the PA Noise Figure?

49

• In-band NF reduces the

system dynamic range

• Solutions?

• Filtering? Loading?

• Image rejection?

• Packaging?

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Conclusions about mm-Wave Testbeds

– Flexible testbeds are required to adapt to rapidly evolving needs

• New 5G waveform generation & analysis

• Emerging frequency bands and spectral policies for each region,

also considering co-existence

• Wider modulation bandwidths and better flatness

• Higher sensitivity with lower noise, spurs

– The N9041B UXA dramatically improves measurements up to 110 GHz

and 5GHz bandwidths, to help you revolutionize millimeter-wave

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz 50

Page© 2016 Keysight Technologies

Thank You !!!

Unlocking Wideband 5G & mmWave

Insights to 110 GHz

Questions and Answers

51

Find more information:

www.keysight.com/find/5G

www.keysight.com/find/5G-Insight