451UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.

tice of a hospital with Ctinical Lectures, and have beenclinical clerk for six months.The degree of Doctor in Medicine may b taken three years

after M.B. An Act has to be kept, with vivâ voce examina.tion; and an extempore essay has to be written on somesubject relating to Pbyaiology, Pathology, the Practice ofMedicine, or State Medicine.The candidate for the examination for the degree of

Bachelor of Surgery is required to have passed the first andsecond examinations, and the first part, of the third exami-nation for M.B.; to have attended the Surgical practice of ahospital for two years, have acted as House Surgeon orDresser for six months, and have gone through a course ofinstruction in Practical Surgery. The subjects of the Exami.nation are Surgical Operations and the application of SurgicalApparatus, and the Examination of Surgical patients. Beforeadmission to the degree he must also have passed thesecond part of the third examination for M.B.For the degree of Master in Surgery the candidate must

have passed all the examinations for B.C. two years. He isrequired to pass an examination in Surgical Anatomy andSurgical operations, Pathology, and the Principles andPractice of Surgery. A surgical case and a topic relating tosurgery are submitted to him, on one or both of which,at his option, he is required to write a short extemporeessay.The examination for certificates in Sanitary Science by the

University of Cambridge will begin on Tuesday, Oct. 7tb.The names of candidates, who must be on the MedicalRegister of the United Kingdom, should be sent toDr. Anningson, Cambridge, on or before Sept. 28th.The following is a summary of the course which a student

(commencing at the University, say, in October, 1884) mayfollow :-He enters at any one of the colleges, or as a non-collegiate student, and passes the Previous Examination (inClassics and Mathematics), in October, 1881, or in December,1884, or in April, 1885, unless he has already passed theequivalent examination under the L!1cal Examinations orthe Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board. Heis then registered as a student of medicine, and pursues hismedical studies in the University for a part or the whole ofthe period. Natural Sciences Tripos Examination (inHuman and Comparative Anatomy, Chemistry, and Botany),in June, 1887 ; this admits to the B. A. degree in June, 1887.Second Examination for M.B. (in Human Anatomy andPhysiology, and Materia Medica), June or December, 1887,or May, 1888. Third examination for M.B. (in Medicine,Surgery, Midwifery, and Medical Jurisprudence), November,1889. Examination for B.C. Surgery, November, 1889.Degree of M.B. or B.C., November, 1889. Practically, how-ever, more time than this is usually required.Attendance at the hospital and the several lectures in the

medical school is recognised by the Universities of Cam-bridge and London, and by the Colleges of Physicians andSurgeons. Students should remain in Cambridge during the long

vacation (Ju!y and August) and part of the Christmasvacation, as well as during the terms.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.

The Matriculation Examinations take place on the second i

Monday in January and the third Monday in June. Candi- .dates must be above sixteen years of age. The fee for the examination is E2. Provincial examinations are appointedby the Senate from time to time at specified centres. Severalscholarships, exhibitions, and prizes are associated with these examinations. The Preliminary S’cientific (M.B.) Examination takes

place once in each year, and commences on the third Monday ill J ulv. 6 No candidate will be admitted to this examina- i

tion until he shall have passed the Matriculation Examina- ition, nor unless he have given notice of his intention to the registrar at least fourteen days before the com- Cmencement of the examination. Fee for this examina- ition, £5. Candidates are examined on the following subjects: In-

organic Chemistry, Experimental Physics, and General i6 Candidates for the Degree of M.B. are required after Jan. 1st, 1885,

by the Senate to pass the Preliminary Scientific Examination before com-mencing their regular medical studies, and are recommended to devote apreliminary year to preparation for it according to the following pro-gramme :—Winter Session : Experimental Physics Chemistry (especiallyInorganic), Zoology. Summer Session : Practical Chemistry (Inorganic), Botany.

Biology. Candidates for Honours may also be examined inBotany and Vegetable Physiology, and Zoology, unless theyhave previously obtained an exhibition in any one of thesubjects of this examination at the Intermediate Examina-tion in Science, in which case they shall not be admissible tothe examination for Honours in that subject.

Bachelor ot Medicine.-Every ciudidale for the degree ofBachelor of Medicine will be required-1. To have passed theMatriculation Examination in this University. 2. To havepassed the Preliminary Scientific Examination. 3. To havebeen engaged in his professional studies during four yearssubsequently to passing the Preliminary Scientific Examina-tion7 at one or more of the medical institutions or schoolsrecognised by this University, one year at least of the fourto have been spent in one or more of the recognised institu-tions or schools in the United Kingdom. 4. To pass twoexaminations in Medicine.Intermediate Examination.-The Intermediate Exami-

nation in Medicine takes place once in each year, andcommences on the last Monday in July. No candidateshall be admitted to this examination unless he have passedthe Preliminary Scientific Examination at least one yearpreviously, and have produced certificates to the followingeffect :-1. Of having completed his nineteenth year. 2. Othaving, subsequently to having passed the MatriculationExamination, been a student during two years at one ormore of the medical institutions or schools recognised bythis University, and of having attended a course of lectureson each of three of the subjects in the following list :-Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy, Histology and Physiology,Pathological Anatomy, Materia Medica and Pharmacy,General Pathology, General Therapeutics, Forensic Medicine,Hygiene, Obstetric Medicine and Diseases peculiar to Womenand Infants, Surgery, Medicine. 3. Of having, subsequentlyto having passed the Matriculation Examination, dissectedduring two winter sessions. 4. Of having, subsequently tohaving passed the Preliminary Scientific Examination,attended a course of Practical Chemistry, comprehend-ing practical exercises in conducting the more importantprocesses of General and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; inapplying tests for discovering the adulteration of articles cfthe Materia Medica, and the presence and nature of poisons ;and in the examination of mineral waters, animal secretions,urinary deposits, calculi, &c. 5. Of having attended toPractical Pharmacy, and of having acquired a practicalknowledge of the preparation of medicines. These certificates(as is the case also with all the certificates hereinaftermentioned), must be transmitted to the registrar at leastfourteen days before the commencement of the examination.Fee for this examination, £5.

Candidates will be examined in the following subjects :—

Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, Materia Medica andPharmaceutical Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry. Candi-dates will not be approved by the examiners unless theyhave shown a competent knowledge in all these subjects.Any candidate who has passed the Intermediate Examina-

tion in Medicine in all its subjects at one time may be ex-amined at the Honours Examination next following theIntermediate Examination in Medicine at which he passedfor Honours in (1) Anatomy, (2) Materia Medica and Pnar-maceutical Chemistry, (3) Physiology and Histniogy, and(4) Organic Chemistry. The examinations take place in theweek following that in which the Pass Examination com.menced. They are conducted by means of printed papersand practical work.

If, in the opinion of the examiners, sufficient merit beevinced, the candidate who’ shall distinguish himself themost in Anatomy, and the candidate who shall distinguishhimself the most in Histology and Physiology, will eachreceive an exhibition of £40 per annum for the next twoyears; the candidate who shall distinguish himself the rno-,4t.in Organic Chemistry, and the candidate who shall distinguishhimself the most in Materia Medica and PharmaceuticalChemistry, will each receive an exhibition of £30 per annumfor the next two years. On receiving each quarterly instal-ment he must declare his intention ot presenting himself atthe M.B. Examination within three academical years fromthe time of his passing the Intermediate Examination inMedicine. Under the same circumstances, the first andsecond candidates in Anatomy and in Histology and Puy-siology, and the first candidate in Organic Chemistry and m

7 Candidates who pass the Matriculation Examination in January,1885, or previously, will be allowed to date the commencement of theirProfessional studies, as heretofore, from that Examination.

452 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.

Matetia. Medica and Pharmaceutical Chemistry will each ireceive a gold medal of the vallle of ;f5.M B. Examination.8-The M B Ex:amination takes place

once in each year, and commences on the first Monday in iNovember. Each candidate, two academical years after ipassing the First Examination, must produce certificates tothe following etFect :-1. Of having passed the IntermediateExamination. 2. Of having, subsequently to having passed the Intermediate Examination, attended a course of lectureson each of two of the subjects enumerated in Section 2 of theregulations for that examination, and for which the candi-date had not on that occasion presented certificates. 3. Ofhaving conducted at least twenty labours. Certificates on

this subject will be received from any legally qualified prac-titioner in Medicine. 4. Of having attended the SurgicalPractice of a recognised hospital or hospitals during twoyears, with clinical instruction and lectures on ClinicalSurgery. 5. Of bavirg attended the Medical Practice of arecognised hospital or hospitals dunng two years, withclinical instruction and lectures on Clinical Medicine. 6. Ofhaving, after having attended Surgical and Medical HospitalPractice for at least twelve months subsequently to passingthe Intermediate Examination, attended to Practical Medi-cine, Surgery, or Obstetric Medicine, with special charge ofpatients, in a hospital, infirmary, dispensary, or parochialunion, during six months, such attendance not to be counted,as part of either the. Surgical or the Medical Hospital Prac-tice prescribed in Clauses 4 and 5. 7. Of having acquiredproficiency in Vaccination. Certificates on this subject willbe received only from the authorised vaccinators appointedby the Privy Council. The candidate must also produce acertificate of moral character from a teacher in the last schoolor institution at which he has studied, as far as the teacher’sopportunity of knowledge has exteded. The fee for thisexamination is 95.Candidates will be examined in the following subjects :—

General Pathology, General Therapeutics and Hygiene,Surgery, Medicine, Obstetric Medicine, Forensic Medicine.The examinations will include questions in Surgical andMedical Anatomy, Pathological Anatomy, and PathologicalChemistry. Candidates will not be approved by the ex-aminers unless they have shown a competent knowledge inall the subjects of examination.Any candidate who has passed the M.B. Examination

may be examined at the Honours Examination next

following the M.B. Examination at which he has passedfor Honours in (1) Medicine, (2) Obstetric Medicine,and (3) Forensic Medicine. The examinations commence inthe week following that in which the Pass Examinationterminated. Except in the case of Forensic Medicine theyare conducted by means of printed papers, but the examinerswill not be precluded from putting viva voce questions uponthe written answers of the candidates.

If, in the opinion of the examiners, sufficient merit beevinced, the candidate who shall distinguish himself themost in Medicine will receive ;f50 per annum for the nexttwo years, with the style of University Scholar in Medicine.Under the same circumstances the candidate who sball dis-tinguish himself the most in Obstetric Medicine will receive£30 per annum for the next two years, with the style ofUniversity Scholar in Obstetric Medicine. Under the samecircumstance’! the candidate who shall distinguish himselfthe most in Forensic Medicine will receive X30 per annumfor the next two ears, with the style of University Scholarin Forensic Medicine. Under the same circumstances thefirst and second candidates in each of the preceding subjectswill each receive a gold medal of the value of £5.

Bachelor of Surgery. -The examination for the degree ofBachelor of Surgery takes place once in each year, and com-menceq on the Tuesday following the first Monday in Decem-ber. Candidates must produce certificates to the followingeffect :-1. Of having passed the Examination for the.degree of Bachelor of Medicine in this University. 2. Ofhaving attended a course of instruction in Operative Surgery,and of having operated on the dead subject. Fee for thisexamination, 95. !Any candidate who has passed the B.S. Examination may

be examined at the Honours Examination next followingthe B.S. Examination at which he has parsed for Honours

8 Any candidate for the M.B. Examination who has passed the Inter-mediate Examination under the former regulations will be required tohave also passed the examination in Physiology at some previous Inter-mediate Examination carried on under the present regulations, at whichexamination he shall not be allowed to compete for Honours.

in Surgery. The examination takes place on Tuesday in theweek following the Pass Examination, and is conducted bymeans of print,ed papers. If, in the opinion of the examiners,sufficient rneritbeevinced, the ca.ndida.te who shall distinguishhimself the most will receive E50 per annum for the next twoyears, with the style of University Scholar in Surgery.Under the same circumstances, the first and second can-didates will each receive a gold medal of the value of £5. *Master in Surgery.-The examination for the degree of

Master in Surgery takes place once in each year, and com-mences on the first Monday in December.

Candidates must produce certificates to the followingeffect :-1. Of having taken the degree of Bachelor of Sur.gery in this University.9 2. Of having attended, subse.quently to having taken the degree of Bachelor of Surgeryin this University: (a) To Clinical or Practical Surgeryduring two years in a hospital or medical institution reco-gnised by this University. (b) Or to Clinical or PracticalSurgery during one year in a hospital or medical institutionrecognised by this University, and of having been engagedduring three years in the practice of his profession. (c) Orof having been engaged during five years in the practice ofhis profession, either before or after taking the degree ofBachelor of Surgery in this University. One year of atten.dance on Clinical or Practical Surgery, or two years of prac-tice, will be dispensed with in the case of those candidateswho at the B S. Examination have been placed in the firstdivision. 3. Of moral character, signed by two persons of re-spectability. Fee for this degree, £5. The examination is con.ducted by means of printed papers and vivo voce interrogation.

Candidates will be examined in Logic and Psychology andin Surgery, and will not be approved unless they have showna competent knowledge in both the subjects of examination.

If sufficient merit be evinced, the candidate who shall dis.tinguish himself the most in Surgery at this examinationwill receive a gold medal of the value of £20.

Doctor of Medicine.-The examination for this degreetakes place once in each year, and commences on the firstMonday in December.

’

Candidates must produce certificates to the followingeffect :-1. Of having passed the examination for thedegree of Bachelor of Medicine in this University. 2. Ofhaving attended, subsequently to having taken the de-gree of Bachelor of Medicine in this University, (a) toClinical or Practical Medicine during two years in a hospitalor medical institution recognised by this University; or(b) to Clinical or Practical Medicine during one year in ahospital or medical institution recognised by this University,and of having been engaged during three years in the prac-tice of his profession. (c) Or of having been engaged duringfive years in the practice of his profession, either before orafter taking the degree of Bachelor of Medicine in this Uni.versity. One year of attendance on Clinical or PracticalMedicine or two years of practice will be dispensed with inthe case of those candidates who at the M.B. Examinationhave been placed in the first division. 3. Of moral cha-racter, signed by two persons of respectability. Fee forthis degree, £5. The examination is conducted by meansof printed papers and vivd voce interrogation.

Candidates will be examined in Logic and Psychology andin Medicine, and will not be approved unless they haveshown a competent knowledge in both the subjects of ex-amination. If sufficient merit be evinced, the candidatewho shall distinguish himself the most in Medicine at theexamination for the M.D. degree will receive a gold medalof the value of f20.

Public Health.-A Special Examination will be held oncein every year in subjects relating to Public Health, to com.mence on the second Monday in December. Candidatesmust have passed the second examination for the M.B.degree in this University at least one year previously; andmust give notice of their intention to the registrar, at leasttzvo calendar months before the commencement of the ex-amination. The fee for this examination is £5. Candidates

, will be examined in Chemistry, Microscopy, Meteorology,Geology, Physics and Sanitary Apparatus, Vital Statistics,’

Hygiene, and Sanitary Law. The examination will be both’ written and practical, and will extend over four days.

9 Candidates who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Medicinepreviously to 1866 will be admitted to the examination for the degree ofMaster in Surgery without having taken the degree of Bachelor ofSurgery; and in the case of such candidates the attendance on surgical

i practice required by Regulation 2 may commence from the date of theM.B. degree.

453UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM.-VICTORIA UNIVERSITY.

Candidates will not be approved unless they have shown acompetent knowledge in all the principal subjects of theexamination. If sutlicient merit be evinced the candidatewho shall distinguish himself the most will receive a goldmedal of the value of £5.

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM.

A certificate, two licences, and three degrees are con-

ferred-viz., a certificate of proficiency in Sanitary Science,a licence in Medicine, and a licei3ce in Surgery ; and the de-grees of Bachelor in Medicine, Master in Surgery, andDoctor in Medicine.For the degree of Bachelor in Medicine there are two pro-

fessional examinations, the first being held twice yearly-viz., in September (in 1884 commencing on the 22od) andApril (in 1885 commencing on the 20th); the second is alsoheld twice yearly-viz., in December (in 1884 commencingon the 1st) and in June (in 1885 commencing on the 22nd).The subjects for the first examination are-Anatomy,

Physiology, Chemistry and Botany. Candidates must pro-duce the following certificates :-(1) Of registration as a

medical student. (2) Of having passed one of the followingexaminations in Arts : (a) the examination for graduation inArts at one of the following universities-Oxford, Cam.bridge, Durham, Dublin, London, Queen’s (Ireland), Edin-burgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews, Aberdeen, Calcutta, Madras,Bombay. McGill College (Montreal), and Queen’s College(Kingston) ; or (b) the Preliminary or Extra-professionalExamination for graduation in medicine atone of the follow-ing universities-London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews,Aberdeen, and Queen’s (Ireland); or (c) the PreliminaryExamination in Arts qualifying for the membership of theRoyal College of Pilysiciaiis of London or for the fellowshipof the Royal College of Surgeons of England; or (d) thePreliminary Examination in Arts for the degrees in medicineof the University of Durham (in 1884 commencing onSeptember 22ad, and in 1885 commencing on March 24thand September 21st). (3) Of attendance on two courses ofAnatomy, on one of Physiology, on one of Theoretical andone of Practical Chemistry, and on one of Botany; of twelvemonths’ dissection ; and of attendance on a course ofPractical Physiology of not less than thirty lessons.The subjects for the Second Examination are Medicine,

Surgery, Pathology, Materia Medica and Therapeutics,Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, MedicalJurisprudence and Public Health. For it candidatesmust produce the following certificates-viz., (1) of being notless than twenty-one years of age; (2) of good moral cha-racter ; and (3) of attendance on the remainder of the courseof medical and surgical study as prescribed by the RoyalCollege of Surgeons of England, together with the followingadditional subjects-viz., one course of lectures on Medicine,one on Therapeutics, one on Public Health, and one onBotany, and on Medical Hospital Practice, with ClinicalLectures, during one winter and one summer session. ,

N.B.-It is required that one of the four years of pro-fessional education sha.11 be spent in attendance at the

College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.For the degree of Master in Surgery the candidate must

have passed the Examination for the degree of Bachelor inMedicine and must have attended one course of lectures on Operative Surgery. Each candidate will have an addi-tional paper on Surgery, and will have to performoperations on the dead body, and to explain the use ofinstruments.For the degree of Doctor of Medicine candidates must be ,

not less than twenty-four years of age, must have obtainedthe degree of M.B. at least two years previously, and in the interim have been engaged in medical and surgical practice. Each candidate will be required to write an essay on somemedical subject selected by himself and approved by the Professor of Medicine, and to pass an examination thereon. ;

Candidates for any of the above degrees must give at ]

least twenty-eight days’ notice to the registrar of the College. The degree of Doctor of Medicine, for Medical Prae-

titioners of fifteen years’ standing, ivithout residence.-There 1is a special Examination, under the following regulations :- : 1. That the candidate shall be registered by the General lCouncil of Medical Education and Registration of theUnited Kingdom. 2. That the candidate shall have beenin the active practice of his profession for fifteen years as 1a qualified practitioner. 3. That the candidate shall notbe under forty years of age. 4. That the candidate shall

, produce a certificate of moral character from three registered: members of the medical profession. 5. That if the candidate! shall not have passed, previous to his Professional Examina-

tion (in virtue of which he has been placed on the Register),an examination in Arts, he shall be required to pass anexamination in Classics and Mathematics. 6. That if thecandidate shall have passed, previous to his ProfessionalExamination (in virtue of which he has been placed on theRegister), a preliminary examination, he shall be required.to translate into English passages of certain named Latinauthors. 7. That the candidate shall pass an examinationin the following subjects: a, Principles and Practice ofMedicine, including Psychological Medicine and Hygiene;b, Principles and Practice of Surgery; c, Midwifery andDiseases peculiar to Women and Children; d, Pathology,Medical and Surgical; e, Anatomy, Medical and Surgical;f, Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology ; g, Therapeutics.8. That the fee shall be 50 guineas. 9. That if the can-didate shall fail to satisfy the examiners, the sum of20 guineas shall be retained ; but that if he shall again offerhimself for the examination, the sum of 40 guineas only shallthen be required.Examinations in accordance with the above regulations

will commence on Dec. 1st, 1884, and June 22nd, 1885, inthe College of Medicine, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Certificate of Proficiency in Sanitary Science.-Candidatesfor this certificate must be registered medical practitionersand have attended one course of lectures on Pablic Health,at the College of Medicine, Newcastle-on-Tyne, extendingover one winter session. The examination will be by writtenpapers, practice, and vivâ voce, and will commence on

October 2nd, 1884, and on April 20th, 1885. In th" practicalexamination the candidate will be required :-To reportupon the condition of some actual locality, to analyse liquidsand gases, to explain the construction and use of instru-ments employed in meteorology, and to make microscopicexaminations. The fee is £5 5s.Medical Officers of Health of five years’ standing, who

were registered as qualified members of the profession beforeJanuary 1st, 1878, may obtain the certificate of proficiencyin Sanitary Science under the following conditions :-Theymust be registered medical practitioners, and be not underthirty years of age; they will be required to pass the sameexamination as before-mentioned, write an esay upon somepractical sanitary subject, and will be examined upon theessay and upon other sanitary questions. The fee is £ 10 10s.

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY.

Three degrees are conferred by the Victoria University-viz. : Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), Doctor of Medicine(M.D.), and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.). All candidates fordegrees in Medicine and Surgery are required to have matri-culated in the University.Before admission to the degree of Bachelor of Medicine a

candidate must produce certificates of four years’ study sub-sequently to the date of his registration as a medical student,two of such years having been passed in a college of theUniversity, and one year, at least, having been so passedsubsequently to the date of passing the Preliminary Exami-nation in Science. The subjects of this examination are,Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic; Zoology and Botany;Elementary Mechanics and Physics. The subjects of theIntermediate Examination for the degree of Bachelor ofMedicine are Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica, andPharmacy. The subjects of the final examination for thedegree are Systematic, Practical, and Clinical Surgery ;Systematic and Clinical Medicine, including Mental Diseases,Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children; Pnarma-cology and Therapeutics ; General Pathology and MorbidAnatomy; Forensic Medicine; and Hygiene. The finalexamination is divided into two parts, which may be passedseparately or together. The first part consists of an exami.nation in Systematic Surgery, Pharmacology and Thera-peutics, and General Pathology. Candidates are permittedto offer themselves for examination in these subjects at anytime not prior to the completion of their third year of medicalstudy. No candidate is admitted to the second part untilhe has completed his fourth year of study in accordancewith the University regulations.Doctor of Medicine.-No candidate can be admitted to

this degree unless he has previously received the degree ofBachelor of Medicine, and at least one year has elapsedsince he passed the examination for that degree. Candi.