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C r n U l l l ~ m rn D' PROCEEDINGS

. of fhe

NIGERl-AN;MATERlALS CONGRESSES

(NIMACON-2010 AND NIMACONdOll)

. And 'Meeting of the

Copyright 8 201 2. ~ate~i&'-,~cience. and Technglagy, Society of Nigeria (MSN) " ' JSRN9Y8-060-60~-21 " -.

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Published by

Materials.Scigne qnd Technology Soc& of Nigeria (MSN) ' ' National Headq'dafiers

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COMBINED PROCEEDINGS OF THE

CONQ"7SES C"""mdh W42010 AND

NIMACON 2010 Held at Universal Hotel, Aguleri Street, Independence Layo-ut, Enugu, Nigeria

Nbvembei 23.- 26,ZqI 0

Theme: Materials In Clean Technologies Development

NIMACON ,201 I Held at Conference Hall, Engineering ~athlals Development Institute, Km 4 Ondo Road,

Akure, Nigeria ,November 21 - 24,2011

meme Materials Processing for Sustainable Environment . ,

. and ~atlonal:-~evel~pment , .. ... ' ' :? . Y - -

DR. A.T. QYELAMI, PROF. B.O. ADWUYI AND PROF. D.A. PELEMO

PUBLISHED BY THE MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SOCtElY OF NIGERIA (MSN) UNIV

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F IBADAN LI

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PRODU(XIO1Y OF B ~ , U . O - W F R O M FLAT BAMBOO STRIP PREPARED FROM~IP-UM . .. . V U L G . S S C H W

AdewoIe A N.' and OlayiwoIa K 0.' MDeptmmt df Agr id t td and %Ivhnmental

Faculty of Tachaolo& iUniversIty of badan, Oyo State, Nigeria '5mPII:- or y~adcwol- . .

1.0 INTRODUCTION ~ w t I m b e r h a w e s t h a s ~ a m a d p a d

IBduGtianinths~lyofwood.ThIsischwJn~btfie ~ d s m a n d o f w o o d ~ a d t ofrapidpopWoa ~ [ $ T h s ~ t ~ f r a d w t i o n I s ~ ~ t I y ~ wood~i t tonssapr imo~i~amongoony821~raw mmWi:& for varyhg applications. A dgdf~ieant ~ t D b ~ i a g ~ f ~ ~ f r u ! m w s r ~ ~ o n ~ o a d i s f t s ~ ~ t h a t h s s ~ redum it3 ~ ~ ~ i t y to all. rn ordw to c h m t wood rcmib problem via abolitiw of o m dqmdaco for h~ t s b i i , n a b i l i t y , w d cfforCB haw been directed at r w n g b x i m g wood waste and other lree prodwta to gmhtm cnghcmd w d W pdu& 121. Tha 21at ~ a p p s a r s t o b e w i ~ r ~ h g ~ t u % Ipto p t d & of N011-lhb~ Fortst P- c N T F p s ) t l l a t t h a t a c r r ~ ~ W ~ ~ ~ ~ . T h e n a c d l o a x p l o i t m ~ s d f i m m ~ ~ drive to eradicate sad m e hung^ ?hUgh expamion of omphyment q p r h d t i a s partieddy to thanrraldwellmandlwv hcomocamm.

From among the commansst MFPh bsmboo a a d ~ p o t d d s h a v e ~ t h e m t u b c r n ~ f a ~ . O m o o f w t c h p o t d a i s L ~ ~ i a ~ h d # ~ i n m a n y ~ k ~ N l g e r i a i s a l s o b W w i t h n r u n ~ specrsSofbam~andrst tsnI7]aadthoIr~eew~ atwedto by [fl and9J. H m , bamboo seem to have owmiding dvmhga, whrhe h Its vemtitiiy, wy & Bamboo a rnultihwbd non-timber p h t rs qarbd to haw emerged as a valuable w& subs*

fota?shioning the prcssura on wood raw material supply iu tho last .I 5-20 years (101. And that the dw~lopment of bamboo .mourns atid industrlos worldwids promotes

. nual ~ v c ~ o d , economic and environmental growth, deforestation and illegal logging, prevents soil:

aegradagon aad restores degraded lands [Ill. With modern procus8ing techniques, many of whteh are still quite new h NQsria, b a m h a n bs ~ f o r m t d into many ~ t h a t c 0 ~ d k e c t I y with woodpmducts hpri~andperfoimanoe,

1.1 Barn boo: Genera, Species and Uses Bamboo is a grwp of woody perennial grasses

h the ?rue grass family P o a m e having 9 1 genm with w e r 1 . 0 0 0 ~ i e s . I t v a r i ~ i n s h ~ m s m a U ~ ~ t o &nt thber bamboq a mt growing woody plant In tbcwwMwhIchsometimesg~o~~upto38.1-50.8mm/hr [ 121. One ofthe commonwtgenera k Bmbwu and it has 85 specie3 that ere all clumper save Bambusa ventrlma the cl~mper/rmuerlextinet status of which was yet to be verlfled. Among BambuPa genera is vulgaris that consists of 4 spies: the Bambusa vulgaris Schrad Bumbw~~wlgarisVithta, B a m h a dgwb Wamiaand B ~ a v J g w i 9 W%mia Strlata. The Bambusa vtdgurb in g e n d attaiaed maximum height of 15.24111 and 10 t .6mm diameter. It grows genmelly In the tropics with lob of branches and its new shoots appear in late felt. Some vsrieties of Bombusa vu ig&~vo been wed h many mmtrIas of the w d d for fowl, gat-denhg,

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Somu studiw have b u ~ s c d ~ t b e aWbii of Bambusa vuCurt9 Scbrrtd la abwdm&.~[l3,14J -in .mi0~19 pBC$ of Nigeria ,whUe'ib E@@I r l d q m y , vwsatUrtyaadbeautyhbothaatmIrindMshedstat~ had Been reported by 115,16,17J. Up till now,.Bmbma vukmls Schrad culm is still been used in m u d ia Nigeria However, there are chsllmga in using Bombtbta vrrlgmis Schrad in round firm. The chlhnges are inhemat in the culm's physical and chemical propmias [4]. The nrlm has high sugar content that made it highly w&ptibia to Insect attack and other biodegrading agents rl6J while the hollow stnr~&~~limits its use in the round b duo to problemdl a s & & d withjohhg hblced by discontinuity in the formation of h fibres as a c o n s e q u o n c o of numerous nodes and ~ ~ X w w e r , the rowd culm can be processed Into stripswithnducGdatatch canmtso~as to e d m c e its durabMty, [lo]; hrbmorn;;tbe' convexsIaq' ofmuid c a l m h t p f l a t s t r i p s w i l f ~ a r : ~ c b i t s v ~ ~ d a h p t a b ' i for.. p@@ng, moddm ' bamboo-based ~ ~ a t ~ b l s v e t ' :,.-..

Apart ~ : . ~ ' ~ n a , n a , ~ : ~ .the mjm qcw.af attracblon to ~ i g d m . f a m t axptoim md ?he omd6pdency fidmber has king tha. bene sustaining- timber rssour~e ,, h 'the country. The dewIopmegt had -iiacuumgd the we of w d from hitherto h i t kcea [ 1 8,8] for various tnd uses. The global caasenm on, the negative' Impa~ts of ddmwtation on clinrate change is promoting development of dmlative raw haterig from, r m m ~ , ; ~ -y drnplguent wood in rsrim applh thh . ; Thh''& befief: ta. have rnidghg capacity for +dependency on timber W e it wiu also.m.wd?-, - ty . Therefore adaptation of approprim ,technology for msnufactmhg bamboo-basdd,produc$ rsprt8enEs a stap to Unlocking the. abuadaat . . w o o -supply ' aqd , its m v v o ,, utXdon. Thh ' wodc -'-ls &nited to tho ProduMh of b m h h f t 0 m ' w . W Wb00 strips Eom .bamboo spies grbw~ k -be UniV- of lbaclan,. .

. ,

2,O MATERIALSAPID METHODS 7bo bamboo species w i l h d for thia study ww

hatvked-hm the Udversfty of Ibadan premises. The species and agq of the b a m h stock h m where the samples were harvested had earlier been i&d&d by [I 91. The species used is Banibusa wigmt Schrrrd while theagastthetImtof~twas4years.Thmarafwa mainstages iuyo1vedhthe~c?ionofbamboo-lamas shown la Figure 1 (Apgendtr I). Maturwl dm with iidmumdirrm~endwali thichws of30mm and 5nim @wIy were hrlmsted The cubs wars d w d hb780inm h& bdbn ~plittIng On ChIlhfm~. m8 strlpm wers rongh p l d to iemDlie both the nodal pbudon a d green spidsrmal layer. The planned strips worn htor ~oakod In treated hot .W&I fbr 24hours to improw strip miuenw to illsect aact fhngal. attack b a f o r o ~ h g . ' I h e d r i e d ~ w m ~ e d , g l u ~ d a n d M d t o p r o d u e e ~ I a m .

when barvesting the bamboo.culms usmi for this study. The Barnha wlgarb S h d being a chuted type poses some Wdt to access the matured c b . The traditional cut and withdrawal method used was time cansuming and tedious. The deeails of the Bmbtrsa vufgmh Schradbsruashdfor the study is presented next.

3.1lBambooandItsStrlp Characteristics The characteristics of the Bambusa vuIgwIs

Scbrad used for the study is presented in l'hble I . Maximum st rk length of 760 rnm was produced with single nodal point. The dimmion conforms to the

'

minimum acceptable dImemion recommended for strips to be used for s t r u m 1 purposes [20,Z I]. From length 780 mm le@, the M l s of the Lamhate Recovery Index affer both splitting and tough plaaning are presented in'wblt 2.

J , o ~ m A m D X S C U S S I O N Quite a number of cballcngm were encounted

Parametersters~ +

. Age ~Interpode (length) ~ o b e c o n t e n t CrJrn 'circumference h e r c d m diameter CuIm thichss . . :

Values (range) 3 - 4 y e m 360 - 380nun Fresh (? 42%) 240 - 270- 60 - 70mm 10 - 14-

Pbur &ipea each wem,produced from each length with average width of 35mm before p l a ~ i o g aad2Smm wide

.'afterplaaaIng. Thus t h e m of h e stripes h m Bambusa vdgmia Sehrad was 75%. Variation in culm awanm m @ d y mduws the recovery index after plancning. It was obsarved tfiat tbe wider the strip the greater the m t u r e hnd the higher the d t h g material wasted.

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XU' '-- P l r n ~ ~ ~ ~ W ~ W ~ p w ~ ~ ~ d m -l! I- ptm. qlv JO mmw-m a@' g Ie~mtlrn hw ae' posn* oq- ma pmnpd woqmtsq Jo W OW e U T'Wd W T ' B mP1 W W aql Jo aldms P @ F ! ! + ~ ~ W M W S P : '@ - a M S [ X O O m E :mQDqlWq .3@ w. W B ~ a~ S ? ~ I M ~ H P W Q ~ WW- mwm'og~

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m o l ~ w pel!un an P (OVA ~ o n w u W ~ W I ~ ~ @ ' C T Pug Pod do WqA* @ARWOqSi[OJ q3no.tqj paroruods warnpsdq. Xl~ma~od Xq LZI .radud lulqaofi . s e m o s ~ qmsa ug uodaa An- ~ J ~ S I N :#1trpan wo-w mmosalf I-d 1Wl0 'S006:- RW OVd [Ell

r 'IDA SWO!AW PW V='l F P V 3 .uuolst= u n s ~ jo Xpms a m y 's!la%!~ g Swayrsur ,ampard asaJoj J W ~ ~ I - U O K , *goo2 alrrq !uraKad~ 'apMafv pn8 oKv odupapy-*~f@[~' Is] - . . i '

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and Intematfonal Network for Bamboo and Rattan (JHBAR) in R0msin2006~ 16Pgsm

. , . I

[l4] Odhda, M. k 2006. F o d d ofBamboo as Raw Materlat for W d b a s d Industrie9. A paper

, presented at Raw MaterIaI R w m h and Devd1opment Couq~iI (RhiLU2C) of Nigerian, o~ Worhhop kr Xkbjrt Lags Stsfa lOpp . .

[15j F a d l y Davfd 1984. The Book of Ba&w A Campr&ensive Gulda to This Rma&cable Plant, Its Urns, and Its His tory .hbW by Amazon, USAPh3dition 895 pgs.

Ilq 'Tang Ybmlng and Xme Jlra .1998. B&o resouma and their l I d k a f h at cua* ~ o f ~ ~ c u m w ~ p organized by 'INBAR, IPGRT and the Qov~mmcdt .of Sapan. 1.0-17. 1998, K ~ g a a d X i s h ~ ~ C b h

11n $attar, M.A. 1 9 9 5 . ' ~ ~ ~ a m h ~ousing in Asia: Prom Stam and mum Prosp6CtaY', Zn Bamboo, Poopfa and tho Environment. Rwdh@ of the Vth h~~ Bamboo Worhhq a d h IV Mgnatlonal Bamboo

- thpai, lhd, ~ ~ e s i a . 1 9 - 2 2 p p .

[I81 Adewole A. N. end AjibiA B., 20 10. * ~ h & t i o n of wood properth of c albidunt tree grown in AkEn;yele Local Government Area of lbadan

in reIaffon to its ntiliP;atIon".T'Intwnutiond Co@mnw an Enginwring &starch snd Development (ICERD20 10) BenH City, Nierk, 7*- gP Septembr2010, ,

(191 Ohyiwola ELO., 2008. "Production and testing of . bamboo-cement composites." Unpublished project work, submitted to the Department of Agricufturd and Environmental Engineering, Faculty offecbaology, Univmiw of Ibadan.

f20j Jsmssen J.A. -1995. "Bdldhg with Bamboo: A - HmdbodP. Published by Amaznn, USA Fit

Edition 650 pgs.

pi] ~ 0 , ~ " R a w M&rM agd Tools fw W o w B a m h A p p l i d o ~ ~ ? ' ~ A Cottage Mand Published by 'United Nations Industrial

- hlopment orgaddofL

1221 Lionel Jayanetti, (2003): "Bamboo in Construction -Status and Potential". Proceedings of htmmtid Worhhop on Bamboo Industrial Utilization. Sponsored by + International Network for Bamboo and R a w HosM by Hubei Phvhcial Government & Xiaaaing Municipal Ctwqnmtnt October2003.

[a Wahab; Q Mohamed A, Mtwtafa M T and H a a n A. 2009. Physical Characteristics and Anatodeat Properties of Cultivated Bamboo muss Wga& Sdwad-1 Culms. Journd of Bioiogld &ienco m; 753-759, . .

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