UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Wendell C. BraseWendell C. Brase Chair, University of CaliforniaChair, University of California Climate Solutions Steering GroupClimate Solutions Steering Group Vice Chancellor, UC IrvineVice Chancellor, UC Irvine

How Big is UC’s Climate Footprint?How Big is UC’s Climate Footprint?

Total Emissions: 1,792,000 metric tons CO2e/year

Campus-Based Actions Campus-Based Actions to Reduce Climate Footprintto Reduce Climate Footprint

More on-campus housingMore on-campus housing

Energy-efficiency retrofit projectsEnergy-efficiency retrofit projects

Sustainable dining programsSustainable dining programs

Sustainable procurement policiesSustainable procurement policies

Sustainable transportation programsSustainable transportation programs

More teleconferencingMore teleconferencing

On-site solar (photovoltaic) systemsOn-site solar (photovoltaic) systems

Not the 20-30% typical savings of Not the 20-30% typical savings of past retrofit projectspast retrofit projects

50 % or more savings feasible50 % or more savings feasible

But, paybacks approach 10 yearsBut, paybacks approach 10 years

““Deep Energy-Efficiency”Deep Energy-Efficiency”

Projects that Achieve >50% Projects that Achieve >50% Emissions ReductionEmissions Reduction

LightingLightingRedesign/retrofit office lighting using the CLTC office prototypeRedesign/retrofit office lighting using the CLTC office prototypeRedesign/retrofit classroom lighting using the CLTC classroom Redesign/retrofit classroom lighting using the CLTC classroom prototypeprototypeRedesign/retrofit laboratory lighting using UC Irvine prototypeRedesign/retrofit laboratory lighting using UC Irvine prototypeDaylight sensors for fixtures near windows (with sensors located Daylight sensors for fixtures near windows (with sensors located exterior side of window coverings so that their function is not exterior side of window coverings so that their function is not inadvertently defeated)inadvertently defeated)Parking structure retrofit using bi-level (occupancy-sensing) Parking structure retrofit using bi-level (occupancy-sensing) induction or LED lamps + daylight sensorsinduction or LED lamps + daylight sensorsParking lot and path lighting retrofit using bi-level induction or Parking lot and path lighting retrofit using bi-level induction or LED lampsLED lampsStreet lamp retrofit using induction or LED lampsStreet lamp retrofit using induction or LED lampsStairwell and exit way bi-level fluorescent and LED fixturesStairwell and exit way bi-level fluorescent and LED fixturesOccupancy-controlled corridor lightingOccupancy-controlled corridor lighting

Projects that Achieve >50% Projects that Achieve >50% Emissions Reduction, continued...Emissions Reduction, continued...LaboratoriesLaboratories

Reduce exhaust discharge airspeed through installation of variable-Reduce exhaust discharge airspeed through installation of variable-speed exhaust fans, wind-sensitive airspeed controls, and/or stack speed exhaust fans, wind-sensitive airspeed controls, and/or stack extensions. extensions. Retrofit UC Irvine “smart lab” features, including real-time air quality Retrofit UC Irvine “smart lab” features, including real-time air quality sensing, ventilation setback when no occupancy is sensed, and “smart sensing, ventilation setback when no occupancy is sensed, and “smart exhaust” system features outlined above. exhaust” system features outlined above. Low flow/high-performance fume hoods (where hood density is high)Low flow/high-performance fume hoods (where hood density is high)CAV to VAV retrofit in laboratoriesCAV to VAV retrofit in laboratoriesCAV to VAV retrofit in vivariaCAV to VAV retrofit in vivariaCertain Energy Star refrigerator/freezer replacementsCertain Energy Star refrigerator/freezer replacements

Information TechnologyInformation TechnologyPower management softwarePower management softwareServer virtualization and server collocation Server virtualization and server collocation Segregate data center hot/cold aisles and introduce “air-side Segregate data center hot/cold aisles and introduce “air-side economizer” for once-through ventilationeconomizer” for once-through ventilationCRT replacementCRT replacement

Bi-level Smart Parking Garage Bi-level Smart Parking Garage FixturesFixtures

Pre-retrofit Post-retrofit

Lab Lighting RetrofitLab Lighting Retrofit

Combination of occupancy sensors + daylighting controls + Combination of occupancy sensors + daylighting controls + manual-on/auto-off controls for second circuits reduces energy manual-on/auto-off controls for second circuits reduces energy

consumption ~60%.consumption ~60%.

Why Do Research Universities Why Do Research Universities Have Such Large Carbon Footprints?Have Such Large Carbon Footprints?

Laboratory buildings consume 2/3 of total energy!Laboratory buildings consume 2/3 of total energy!

AircuityAircuity

Re-entrainment of contaminated air

Exhaust Discharge Airspeed PilotExhaust Discharge Airspeed Pilot

““Smart Lab” ParametersSmart Lab” Parameters “Best Practice” “Smart Lab”

Air-handler/filtration airspeeds (max.) 400 ft/min. 350 ft/min.

Total system pressure-drop (supply + exhaust) 6 in.w.g. <5 in.w.g. (incl. dirty filter allow.)

Duct noise attenuators Few None

Occupied lab air-changes/hr. (ACH) 6 ACH 4 ACH w/real-time contaminant sensing

Night air-change setback No setback 2 ACH w/occupancy + contaminant sensing

Fume hood face-velocities 100 FPM 60 FPM (low-flow hoods)

Fume hood face-velocities (unoccupied) 100 FPM 40 FPM (low-flow hoods)

Fume hood auto-closers None Where hood density high

Exhaust stack discharge velocity ~3,000 FPM “Smart controls” minimize airspeeds when wind conditions allow

Lab illumination power-density .9 watt/SF .6 watt/SF w/LED task lighting

Fixtures near windows on daylight sensors Yes Yes

Energy Star freezers & refrigerators Yes Yes

Out-perform CA Title 24 20%+ goal = 50%

PC Power ConsumptionPC Power ConsumptionLangson Library, UC IrvineLangson Library, UC Irvine

Emissions before Emissions after

Daily Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Em

issi

ons

(lb

s/d

ay)

Server Virtualization at UC IrvineServer Virtualization at UC Irvine

Implemented 120 virtual Implemented 120 virtual systems, resulting in direct systems, resulting in direct savings of 371,000 kWh and savings of 371,000 kWh and 150 metric tons of CO150 metric tons of CO22ee /year/year

Improved server utilization Improved server utilization rates from ~5% to 75-85%rates from ~5% to 75-85%

Reduced number of server Reduced number of server racks by a ratio of 7:1, saving racks by a ratio of 7:1, saving space and cutting maintenance space and cutting maintenance expenseexpense

Without

With

Behavioral Factors & PatternsBehavioral Factors & Patterns

Comfort expectationsComfort expectationsFume hood sash usageFume hood sash usage““Sleep” features on computers Sleep” features on computers enabledenabledPrinting practicesPrinting practicesBottled waterBottled waterWindows and window coveringsWindows and window coveringsDriving across campusDriving across campusDiscarding anything due to fashion Discarding anything due to fashion or trendsor trendsWasting foodWasting foodFood choicesFood choicesFast foodFast foodDiscarding things that breakDiscarding things that breakLeaving campus on weekendsLeaving campus on weekends

Rooftop Solar Potential at UC Rooftop Solar Potential at UC IrvineIrvine

California Solar PotentialCalifornia Solar Potential

California Wind PotentialCalifornia Wind Potential

2

One Concept...One Concept...

Possible Strategies to ReducePossible Strategies to ReduceUC’s Climate FootprintUC’s Climate Footprint

Buy Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)Buy Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)

Sell RECs to help “jump start” projectsSell RECs to help “jump start” projects

Long-term, off-site power purchase agreementsLong-term, off-site power purchase agreements

Procure wind power at nightProcure wind power at night

Produce or procure bio-gas to mix with cogeneration fuel Produce or procure bio-gas to mix with cogeneration fuel

Partner with CSU and California General ServicesPartner with CSU and California General Services

Combined Heat and PowerCombined Heat and Power