united nations trial international classification of activities for time-use statistics (icatus)...

United NationsUnited NationsTrial International Classification of Trial International Classification of

Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS)Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS)

United Nations Statistics Division

II International Seminar on Researches of Use of Time, Rio de Janeiro, September 9-10, 2010

OutlineOutline of presentation of presentation

Uses of time use dataUses of time use data

Classification of time use activitiesClassification of time use activities

Purpose and nature of ICATUSPurpose and nature of ICATUS

Principles used in constructing ICATUSPrinciples used in constructing ICATUS

ICATUS structure and coding systemICATUS structure and coding system

Adapting ICATUS to country situationsAdapting ICATUS to country situations

Applications to tabulationApplications to tabulation

Comparing ICATUS and Eurostat classficationComparing ICATUS and Eurostat classfication

Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

II International Seminar on Researches of Use of Time Rio de Janeiro, 9-10 Sep 2010

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Uses of time-use dataUses of time-use data

Analytical objectives have revolved around the Analytical objectives have revolved around the following major themes:following major themes:

Measurement and analysis of quality of life or Measurement and analysis of quality of life or general well-beinggeneral well-being

Measurement and valuation of unpaid work Measurement and valuation of unpaid work and development of household production and development of household production accountsaccounts

Improving estimates of paid and unpaid workImproving estimates of paid and unpaid work Analysis of policy implications of development Analysis of policy implications of development

planning issuesplanning issues


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Classification of time-use activitiesClassification of time-use activities

The nomenclature and classification of activities The nomenclature and classification of activities form an important part of the planning, form an important part of the planning, collection and analysis of time-use datacollection and analysis of time-use data


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Serves as a basis for assessing completeness Serves as a basis for assessing completeness of coverage of activitiesof coverage of activities

Guide in the design of survey instruments and Guide in the design of survey instruments and selection of methodsselection of methods

Serves as the interviewer’s guide for eliciting Serves as the interviewer’s guide for eliciting the level of detailed required by the survey the level of detailed required by the survey objectivesobjectives

Is the basis for developing coding rules and Is the basis for developing coding rules and indexesindexes


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An activity classification alsoAn activity classification also

Defines the framework for analysis of the time-Defines the framework for analysis of the time-use survey datause survey data

Serves as the basis for defining analytical and Serves as the basis for defining analytical and tabulation categories of activitiestabulation categories of activities


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Many activity classifications have focused on Many activity classifications have focused on detailed lists of non-economic activities such detailed lists of non-economic activities such as:as:

HouseworkHousework Care givingCare giving SocializationSocialization RecreationRecreation LearningLearning Mass mediaMass media


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Interest in:Interest in: Measurement of changes in time useMeasurement of changes in time use Cross-country comparisonsCross-country comparisons Harmonized activity classificationHarmonized activity classification

Time-use Classification developed by Eurostat – Time-use Classification developed by Eurostat – a standard for the European regiona standard for the European region

Draft UN International Classification of Activities Draft UN International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics – for global levelfor Time Use Statistics – for global level


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ICATUS – a standard classification of all activities ICATUS – a standard classification of all activities that the general population may spend time on that the general population may spend time on during the 24 hours of the dayduring the 24 hours of the day

Applicable to both developing and developed Applicable to both developing and developed countriescountries

Builds on existing national and regional Builds on existing national and regional classificationsclassifications

Considers the experiences of developed and Considers the experiences of developed and developing countriesdeveloping countries


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Main objective: Main objective: To allow more precise delineation of the To allow more precise delineation of the

boundaries of economic and non-economic boundaries of economic and non-economic activities; and productive and non-productive activities; and productive and non-productive activitiesactivities

To measure all forms of work including To measure all forms of work including unremunerated workunremunerated work


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ICATUS - Consistent with existing standard ICATUS - Consistent with existing standard classifications in labour and economic classifications in labour and economic statistics.statistics.

Set of activity categories for productive Set of activity categories for productive activities – defined in relation to concepts of:activities – defined in relation to concepts of: EmploymentEmployment Economic activityEconomic activity OccupationOccupation

Utilizes definitions and categories used in Utilizes definitions and categories used in SNASNA ICSE, ISIC, ISCOICSE, ISIC, ISCO


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ICATUS distinguishesICATUS distinguishes Production of Production of goodsgoods either for income or for either for income or for

own final useown final use Production of Production of servicesservices for income for income

Clear delineation of activities that are Clear delineation of activities that are important in developing countries within a important in developing countries within a classification that covers the circumstances of classification that covers the circumstances of both developing and developed countriesboth developing and developed countries


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Principles used for constructing ICATUSPrinciples used for constructing ICATUS

1)1) Must be flexible – applicable to the identified Must be flexible – applicable to the identified analytical objectives of time-use studies and other analytical objectives of time-use studies and other potential uses for statistics on time usepotential uses for statistics on time use

2)2) Must have a balanced and comprehensive Must have a balanced and comprehensive coverage of all groups of activities in the general coverage of all groups of activities in the general populationpopulation

3)3) Detailed enough to identify activities of important Detailed enough to identify activities of important subpopulations (e.g., women, children, elderly)subpopulations (e.g., women, children, elderly)

4)4) Should not deviate significantly from classification Should not deviate significantly from classification schemes that have undergone cycles of testing, schemes that have undergone cycles of testing, use and reviewuse and review


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First criterion for differentiating between activities = First criterion for differentiating between activities = with respect to the relationship they bear with the with respect to the relationship they bear with the production boundary of the SNA.production boundary of the SNA.

Three main categories:Three main categories:

A.A. Activities within the SNA production boundary Activities within the SNA production boundary (“SNA work”)(“SNA work”)

B.B. Activities within the general production boundary Activities within the general production boundary but outside the SNA (“non-SNA work”)but outside the SNA (“non-SNA work”)

C.C. Activities not considered production activities Activities not considered production activities (personal activities)(personal activities)


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A. “SNA work” activitiesA. “SNA work” activities

1.1. Distinguished based on the institutional unit in Distinguished based on the institutional unit in which production takes placewhich production takes placea)a) Corporations/quasi-corporations, non-profit institutions, Corporations/quasi-corporations, non-profit institutions,

or government -> one main divisionor government -> one main division

b)b) Households Households

2.2. Work activities in relation to household production Work activities in relation to household production are delineated on the basis of the character of the are delineated on the basis of the character of the goods and services produced by the activities goods and services produced by the activities undertaken -> four main divisionsundertaken -> four main divisions


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A. Main divisions for “SNA work” activities:A. Main divisions for “SNA work” activities:

01 Work for corporations/quasi-corporations, non-profit 01 Work for corporations/quasi-corporations, non-profit institutions, and governmentinstitutions, and government

02 Work for household unincorporated enterprises in 02 Work for household unincorporated enterprises in primary production activities (agriculture, hunting, primary production activities (agriculture, hunting, forestry, mining and quarrying)forestry, mining and quarrying)

03 Work for household unincorporated enterprises in non-03 Work for household unincorporated enterprises in non-primary production activities (manufacture of goods)primary production activities (manufacture of goods)

04 Work for household unincorporated enterprises in 04 Work for household unincorporated enterprises in construction activitiesconstruction activities

05 Work for household unincorporated enterprises 05 Work for household unincorporated enterprises providing services for incomeproviding services for income


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B. “Non-SNA work” activities are delineated in terms of B. “Non-SNA work” activities are delineated in terms of whether they are done for household members (2 main whether they are done for household members (2 main divisions) or for members of other households or the divisions) or for members of other households or the community (one main division).community (one main division).

Resulting main divisions:Resulting main divisions:

06 Work providing unpaid domestic services for own final 06 Work providing unpaid domestic services for own final use within householduse within household

07 Work providing unpaid caregiving services to household 07 Work providing unpaid caregiving services to household membersmembers

08 Work providing community services and help to other 08 Work providing community services and help to other householdshouseholds


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C. Personal activities are distinguished according to (a) C. Personal activities are distinguished according to (a) the nature of the activity (e.g., learning, socializing, the nature of the activity (e.g., learning, socializing, meeting physiological needs); and (b) participation of meeting physiological needs); and (b) participation of others. Applying these results in 7 main divisions:others. Applying these results in 7 main divisions:

09 Learning09 Learning

10 Socializing and community participation10 Socializing and community participation

11 Attending/visiting cultural, entertainment and sports 11 Attending/visiting cultural, entertainment and sports events or venuesevents or venues

12 Engaging in hobbies, games and other pastime 12 Engaging in hobbies, games and other pastime activitiesactivities

13 Indoor and outdoor sports participation13 Indoor and outdoor sports participation

14 Use of mass media14 Use of mass media

15 Personal care and maintenance15 Personal care and maintenance


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Activities within the 15 broad categories are further Activities within the 15 broad categories are further allocated into divisions, and into groups within allocated into divisions, and into groups within divisions. divisions.

In defining specific groups under the divisions, the basic In defining specific groups under the divisions, the basic criterion is universality and regularity of occurrence. criterion is universality and regularity of occurrence. (i.e., types of activities known to be typical for and (i.e., types of activities known to be typical for and prevalent in most countries are listed at the most prevalent in most countries are listed at the most detailed level). Not all divisions have specific groups detailed level). Not all divisions have specific groups defined.defined.

Another consideration in forming divisions or groups is the Another consideration in forming divisions or groups is the importance of the particular set of activities to the importance of the particular set of activities to the comprehensive measurement of work. Thus, in ICATUS comprehensive measurement of work. Thus, in ICATUS divisions pertaining to SNA work activities in divisions pertaining to SNA work activities in households highlight those that are typically part of households highlight those that are typically part of own household production and those associated with own household production and those associated with the informal sector. the informal sector.


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• Hierarchical structureHierarchical structure• Six-digit coding schemeSix-digit coding scheme

• First level: Major divisions coded from 01 to 15First level: Major divisions coded from 01 to 15• Second level: Three or more divisions within each Second level: Three or more divisions within each

major division (3-digit codes)major division (3-digit codes)• Third-level: Groups within divisions (4-digit codes)Third-level: Groups within divisions (4-digit codes)• Fourth level: Classes within groups (5-digit codes)Fourth level: Classes within groups (5-digit codes)• Fifth level: Subclasses (6-digit codes)Fifth level: Subclasses (6-digit codes)

• 15 major divisions, 54 divisions, 92 groups, 15 major divisions, 54 divisions, 92 groups, 200 classes, 363 subclasses200 classes, 363 subclasses


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Activities at the Division level comprise:Activities at the Division level comprise:

• Core activities, consisting of activities specific Core activities, consisting of activities specific to the major divisionto the major division

• Non-core or related activities (Travelling is Non-core or related activities (Travelling is uniformly treated as a related activity at the uniformly treated as a related activity at the division level)division level)

• A “not elsewhere classified (n.e.c.)” divisionA “not elsewhere classified (n.e.c.)” division


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Adapting ICATUS to country situationsAdapting ICATUS to country situations

ICATUS serves as a guide to countries developing an ICATUS serves as a guide to countries developing an activity classification or revising an existing oneactivity classification or revising an existing one

Provides a framework for the international comparison Provides a framework for the international comparison of national statistics.of national statistics.

ICATUS may be expanded or contracted depending on ICATUS may be expanded or contracted depending on the social, cultural and economic situation of the the social, cultural and economic situation of the country.country.

To make possible the conversion of a national activity To make possible the conversion of a national activity classification to ICATUS, each most detailed category of classification to ICATUS, each most detailed category of the national classification should not cover portions of the national classification should not cover portions of two or more divisions. two or more divisions.

ICATUS describes single activities. In applying ICATUS, ICATUS describes single activities. In applying ICATUS, countries have to determine how simultaneous activities countries have to determine how simultaneous activities are to be recorded and coded.are to be recorded and coded.


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The 15 major divisions can be aggregated for analyses The 15 major divisions can be aggregated for analyses such as those focused on indicators of free time, SNA such as those focused on indicators of free time, SNA and non-SNA work, etc.and non-SNA work, etc.

1. Tabulation based on the SNA framework 1. Tabulation based on the SNA framework

i.i. SNA work (ICATUS major divisions 01-05)SNA work (ICATUS major divisions 01-05)

ii.ii. Non-SNA work (Major divisions 06-08)Non-SNA work (Major divisions 06-08)

iii.iii. Non-productive work (Major divisions 09-15)Non-productive work (Major divisions 09-15)


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2. Tabulation based on the As framework, which identifies2. Tabulation based on the As framework, which identifiesi.i. Necessary time – serving physiological needsNecessary time – serving physiological needs

ii.ii. Contracted time – gainful employment and school attendanceContracted time – gainful employment and school attendance

iii.iii. Committed time to which one is obligated, but for which a Committed time to which one is obligated, but for which a substitute service could be purchasedsubstitute service could be purchased

iv.iv. Free time – remaining time when the other 3 types have been Free time – remaining time when the other 3 types have been accounted foraccounted for


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2. Tabulation based on the As framework, which identifies2. Tabulation based on the As framework, which identifies

Necessary time – serving physiological needsNecessary time – serving physiological needs15 Personal care and maintenance15 Personal care and maintenance

Contracted time – gainful employment and school Contracted time – gainful employment and school attendanceattendance

01 Work for corporations, quasi-corporations, NPIs and 01 Work for corporations, quasi-corporations, NPIs and GovernmentGovernment

02 Work for household unincorporated enterprises in primary 02 Work for household unincorporated enterprises in primary productionproduction

03 Work for household unincorporated enterprises 03 Work for household unincorporated enterprises



09 Learning09 Learning


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2. Tabulation based on the As framework (continued)2. Tabulation based on the As framework (continued)

Committed time to which one is obligated, but for which a Committed time to which one is obligated, but for which a substitute service could be purchasedsubstitute service could be purchased

06 Work providing unpaid domestic services for own final use 06 Work providing unpaid domestic services for own final use within householdwithin household

07 Work providing caregiving services to household members07 Work providing caregiving services to household members08 Work providing community services and help to other 08 Work providing community services and help to other

households households


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2. Tabulation based on the As framework (continued)2. Tabulation based on the As framework (continued)

Free time – remaining time when the other three types Free time – remaining time when the other three types have been accounted forhave been accounted for

10 Socializing and community participation10 Socializing and community participation

11 Attending/visiting cultural, entertainment and sports 11 Attending/visiting cultural, entertainment and sports events/venuesevents/venues

12 Engaging in hobbies, games and other pastime activities12 Engaging in hobbies, games and other pastime activities

13 Indoor and outdoor sports participation13 Indoor and outdoor sports participation

14 Use of mass media14 Use of mass media


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Comparing ICATUS and Eurostat classificationComparing ICATUS and Eurostat classification

ICATUS 15 main divisions; Eurostat 10 categoriesICATUS 15 main divisions; Eurostat 10 categories

Major divisions of ICATUS correspond to one of the Major divisions of ICATUS correspond to one of the single-digit codes of the Eurostat listsingle-digit codes of the Eurostat list

ICATUS has more than one main category for Eurostat’s ICATUS has more than one main category for Eurostat’s single-digit codes for:single-digit codes for: Employment (5 in ICATUS)Employment (5 in ICATUS) Household and family care (2 in ICATUS)Household and family care (2 in ICATUS) Social life and entertainment (2 in ICATUS)Social life and entertainment (2 in ICATUS)

Almost all activities at the division level of both lists are Almost all activities at the division level of both lists are also similar, but there are some major differences. also similar, but there are some major differences. Some examples…Some examples…


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ICATUS classifies activities that could conceptaully fall ICATUS classifies activities that could conceptaully fall under either SNA or non-SNA work as SNA work; some under either SNA or non-SNA work as SNA work; some of these activities are classified as non-SNA work in of these activities are classified as non-SNA work in Eurostat and placed under “Household and family care”,Eurostat and placed under “Household and family care”, Collecting water and gathering firewoodCollecting water and gathering firewood Preserving and baking for household consumptionPreserving and baking for household consumption Producing handicraft and textilesProducing handicraft and textiles GardeningGardening Tending domestic animalsTending domestic animals

““Hunting and fishing, picking berries, mushrooms and Hunting and fishing, picking berries, mushrooms and herbs” are classified under SNA work in ICATUS but as herbs” are classified under SNA work in ICATUS but as “productive exercise” under “Sports and outdoor “productive exercise” under “Sports and outdoor activities” in Eurostatactivities” in Eurostat


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ICATUS classifies “receiving personal and medical ICATUS classifies “receiving personal and medical services” under “Personal care and maintenance”; services” under “Personal care and maintenance”; Eurostat list classifies them as “shopping and services” Eurostat list classifies them as “shopping and services” under “Household and family care”. under “Household and family care”.

ICATUS classifies “resting” under “Personal care” but ICATUS classifies “resting” under “Personal care” but Eurostat classifies it under “Social life and Eurostat classifies it under “Social life and entertainment”.entertainment”.

Travel activities are listed as divisions within the Travel activities are listed as divisions within the associated main divisions of ICATUS; Eurostat has a associated main divisions of ICATUS; Eurostat has a single-digit code for travel, with travel activities single-digit code for travel, with travel activities classified by purpose.classified by purpose.


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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Next steps for UNSD:Next steps for UNSD:

Revise the trial ICATUS and ultimately present the Revise the trial ICATUS and ultimately present the classification for adoption as an international standard classification for adoption as an international standard Gather more country experience with trial ICATUSGather more country experience with trial ICATUS Review consistency with new standard classifications (including Review consistency with new standard classifications (including

2008 SNA, ISCO-08, ISIC Rev. 4)2008 SNA, ISCO-08, ISIC Rev. 4) Expert review of revised ICATUS Expert review of revised ICATUS

Ways of promoting the implementation of TUS at Ways of promoting the implementation of TUS at international level.international level.


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Thank you!Thank you!

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