united kingdom uses british east india company to control india's government & military uk...
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•United Kingdom uses British East India Company to control India's government & military
•UK -Attitude superiority
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British East India British East India Company AgentsCompany Agents
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Sepoys, 1850sSepoys, 1850s•Hired Indian soldiers
•Rebel against UK: B/c rumor bullets are greased with cow & pig fat(Cows- sacred to Hindis/Pigs- taboo for Muslims)
•Those who refuse to load rifles- arrested
•Sepoys rebel killing 50 European men women and children
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The Sepoy Mutiny: The Sepoy Mutiny: 18571857
First War for IndependenceFirst War for Independence
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Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857
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Execution of Execution of Sepoys:Sepoys:
“The Devil’s Wind”“The Devil’s Wind”
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Result: of Sepoy Rebellion
•UK parliament transfer power of the British East India Co. – to English government
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1877: Queen Victoria Becomes 1877: Queen Victoria Becomes
“Empress of India” “Empress of India”India becomes formal UK India becomes formal UK
colony colony
•Largest Largest colony 300 colony 300 mil. peoplemil. people
““jewel in the crown”jewel in the crown”
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Queen Victoria in Queen Victoria in India India
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Benefits Benefits • Stable efficient government• New school system (only
serves upper-class) 99% pop. Are peasants
• Railroads, telegraph, postal service
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Theosophical Library – Theosophical Library – Madras, 1913Madras, 1913
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Darjeeling Railroad, Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s1880s
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CostsCosts• Local economies destroyed by British
Manufacturing• British Textiles put 1,000’s out of work
(mostly women)• Tax collectors abuse peasants• Indians forced to grow cotton-not food
led to FAMINE• British Rule is degrading – take best
jobs & houses• Arrogant racist attitudes lead to
nationalist movement
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A LifeA Lifeofof
LeisureLeisure
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Living Like a MaharajahLiving Like a Maharajah
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Simla: Little England in Simla: Little England in the the
mountains of India mountains of India
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the Indian National Congressthe Indian National Congress
1885 1885 formed in response to British formed in response to British dominationdomination
swarajswaraj “independence.” “independence.” ** the goal of the movement. the goal of the movement.
Made up of English- educated upper classMade up of English- educated upper class
Mostly HinduMostly Hindu
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the Muslim League the Muslim League 19061906
Formed due to rivalries between Formed due to rivalries between Hindus & Muslims.Hindus & Muslims.
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Mohandas K. Gandhi,1876Mohandas K. Gandhi,1876
•English educated lawyer emerges as leader
•Sees racial exploitation while working in South Africa
•Promotes nonviolent resistance against unjust laws
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Gandhi as a Young Gandhi as a Young Barrister in NatalBarrister in Natal
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Gandhi as a Lawyer in Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. AfricaJohannesburg, So. Africa
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Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi
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Independence Independence MovementMovement
•Goal: force British to improve the lot of the poor & grant independence
•Called “Mahatma” (great soul) resisting unjust laws was moral path (peaceful protests & marches)
•Movement leads to an Indian cultural revival in literature, poetry, social reform & spirituality
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Salt March, 1930Salt March, 1930
MakingMakingSaltSalt
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Hunger StrikeHunger Strike
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Salt March, 1930Salt March, 1930
MakingMakingSaltSalt
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Pre-PartitionPre-Partition
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PartitionPartition