UNIT VUNIT V

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

AND

LEGAL SYSTEM

I. LawsI. LawsA. Types

1. Statutory Law2. Common Law/Precedent3. Administrative Law4. Constitutional Law

B. The Need For Laws1. Prevent Anarchy2. Protects Freedoms3. Protects Safety, Property4. Represents Majority’s view of right & wrong

II. Function of Judicial BranchII. Function of Judicial BranchA. Interpret lawsB. Settle Disputes

1. people vs. people2. people vs. gov’t3. people vs. business4. business vs. gov’t

C. To Insure Equality under the LawD. Punish Lawbreakers

http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Equal_protection

III. Structure of Judicial BranchIII. Structure of Judicial BranchA. Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Cases

1. Jurisdiction/Types of Casesa. Disobeying the Constitutionb. Violating a Treaty of the U.S.c. Breaking a law of Congressd. Foreign Nation sues the U.S. Gov’t/citizene. U.S. Diplomats breaking foreign lawsf. Crimes committed on U.S. ships at seag. Crimes committed on Federal Propertyh. Disagreement Between States

http://home.hiwaay.net/~becraft/FEDJurisdiction.html

2. Original Jurisdiction/Case Typesa. U.S. District Courtb. U.S. Claims Courtc. U.S. Custom Courtd. Territorial Courte. Tax Courtf. U.S. Court of International Trade

Appellate Jurisdiction/Case Typesa. U.S. Supreme Courtb. U.S. Court of Appealsc. Court of Military Appealsd. Circuit Court of Appeals

B. State Courts Jurisdiction & Cases

1. Original Jurisdiction/Local/Case Types

a. District Court/Trial

b. Superior Court/Trial

c. Traffic, Family, Small Claims, Juvenile

2. Appellate Jurisdiction/Case Types

a. State Supreme Court

b. State Appeals Court

http://www.nccourts.org/

IV. Key Gov’t OfficialsIV. Key Gov’t Officials

A. Supreme Court Justices

1. 8 Associate Justices & 1 Chief Justice

2. Appointed by President

3. Approved by Senate4. Serve for Life5. Can be Impeached

for Wrongdoing

B. Qualifications1. Lawyers

2. Judge on lower court

3. Share political belief of President

C. Federal Judges1. Appointed by President

2. Approved by Senate

3. Appointed for life

4. Can be impeached for wrongdoing

http://www.uscourts.gov/faq.html

http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf

D. District Court1. District Court Judge2. U.S. Marshal3. U.S. Magistrate4. U.S. Attorney

V. U.S. Supreme Court CasesV. U.S. Supreme Court CasesA. Marbury v. Madison/Judicial ReviewB. Gibbons v. OgdenC. Plessy v. FergusonD. Brown v. Board of Education of TopekaE. Miranda v. ArizonaF. Tinker v. Des Moines G. Leandro Case 1997

http://www.supremecourtus.gov/

G. Roe v. WadeH. Bakke v. CaliforniaI. Wallace v. JaffreeJ. Baker v. CarrK. Mapp v. OhioL. New Jersey v. T.L.O.M. Hazelwood v. KuhlmeirN. McCulloch v. MarylandO. Gideon v. Wainwright

VI. Responsibility & Jurisdiction of VI. Responsibility & Jurisdiction of Law EnforcementLaw Enforcement

A. Jurisdiction1. Federal – FBI, ATF, DEA, U.S.Marshals

2. State – SBI, State Troopers , Fish and Wildlife

3. Local – Sheriff, City Police

B. Responsibilities1. Prevent Crime

2. Protect Life & Property

3. Arrest Violators of Law

4. Protect Rights of Suspects & Witnesses5. Maintain Peace & Order6. Traffic Control

C. Criminal Justice System1. Police, courts, prison

D. Legal Process1. Arrest2. Booking3. Preliminary Hearing4. Indictment5. Arraignment6. Trial 7. Sentencing8. Plea Bargaining

http://www.northharriscollege.com/Templates/Content.aspx?pid=22660

VII CrimesVII Crimes1. Crimes against persons A. Murder B. manslaughter C. Aggravated Assault2. Crimes against Property A. Burglary B. Larceny C. Robbery D. Vandalism E. Arson F. Victimless crimes. Drugs, gambling3. White Collar Crimes a. A. Embezzlementb. B. Fraud

VIII. PunishmentVIII. Punishment1. Prison max, med, min, parole, probation

2. Fines, Restitution, Capital Punishment

3. House Arrest, Community Service