Unit Test: Evolution* Required

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2. First Name *

3. Period *Mark only one oval.

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4. Email Address (Make sure there are notypos!) *

Unit Test: EvolutionVocabulary and concepts

5. 1. What is fitness? *Mark only one oval.

Staying in shape

The ability to survive and reproduce

Ability to beat the competition

Ability to find mates

6. 2. Which of the following is NOT an example of adaptation? *Mark only one oval.

Working out in order to become stronger and attract mates

Having long beaks to reach for food in small places

Having thick fur to survive cold weathers

Having a large number of offspring to ensure that some of the offspring survive

7. 3. Natural selection is a process that allows an organism to be perfectly adapted to itsenvironment *Mark only one oval.

True

False

8. 4. Natural selection provides the traits that allow an organism to survive *Mark only one oval.

True

False

9. 5. Which of the following is NOT a result of natural selection? *Mark only one oval.

Disruptive selection

Reproductive isolation

Speciation

Fossils

10. 6. Which of the following best defines speciation? *Mark only one oval.

Ability of two species to interbreed with each other

Formation of new species

Selection of traits that best allow for survival

Study of embryos to determine common ancestry

11. 7. Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution? *Mark only one oval.

Comparison of embryos of different species

Comparison of homologous structures of different species

Comparison of protein sequences of different species

Comparison of fitness of different species

12. 8. Which of the following will NOT lead to reproductive isolation? *Mark only one oval.

Geographic isolation

Speciation

Temporal Isolation

Coevolution

13. 9. How can you determine whether two different organisms are the same species? *Mark only one oval.

The two organisms have similar anatomical features

The two organisms are able to interbreed, but their offspring is unable to reproduce

The two organisms have similar DNA sequences

The two organisms are able to interbreed and their offspring is able to have offspring of itsown

14. 10. Which of the following is FALSE about group behavior? *Mark only one oval.

Increases the rate of reproduction for all organisms

Increases the chances of finding a mate

Increases the chances of finding food

Provides protection from predators

Unit Test: EvolutionConcepts

15. 11. Scientists discover two populations of mice on either side of a major river. The twopopulations have almost identical genes, but the mice from one side cannot breed with themice from the other. This is most likely because *Mark only one oval.

The river separated one species of mice into two populations

Two different species of mice migrated to the river from different directions

Both species of mice lived on both sides but owls killed one population on each side

The similar habitat caused two species to become genetically similar

16. 12. Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species from anancient lake in Death Valley, California became several isolated species. Each of these newspecies lived in a different pond. Which of the following best explains the cause of thisspeciation? *Mark only one oval.

Behavioral isolation

Temporal isolation

Geographic isolation

Random isolation

17. 13. A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sidesof the Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to *Mark only one oval.

More food was found on one side

The initial population had no variation

Differences in reproductive rates

The isolation of the two groups

18. 14. A species of lizard has been studied on one of the isolated Galapagos Islands for manyyears. Since the island is small, the lineage of every lizard for several generations isknown. Some groups of lizards have survived and others have died out. The groups thatsurvive probably have *Mark only one oval.

Inherited some advantageous adaptations

Been attacked by more predators

Found new places on the island to live

Interbred with other species

19. 15. Which statement is most consistent with the theory of natural selection? *Mark only one oval.

Organisms that are best suited to survive will pass their traits to their offspring.

Organisms learn to adapt to changes in their environment in order to survive.

Changes in the environment cause mutations that help organisms.

Different species breed with each other to produce offspring with new helpfulcharacteristics.

20. 16. A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly coloredmembers. After several generations, the termite population consists almost entirely ofdarkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for predatoryspecies of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of *Mark only one oval.

Geographic isolation

Directional selection

Disruptive selection

Stabilizing selection

21. 17. Fossils of ancestors of the modern horses show a small, 4-toed, almost dog-likebrowsing animal named Eohippus. Over time, the horses got larger, lost toes, and changedto a grazing diet. What is the BEST explanation for why this change occurred? *Mark only one oval.

The horses changed their environment to fit their needs for survival.

The horses took the extra energy from a grazing diet and used it to grow larger.

The horses needed to run faster, so they ran more and their leg and foot structureadapted.

The horses with traits most suited to the changing environment survived.

22. 18. Polar bears are well adapted to the Arctic environment due to their white fur coats.Which statement BEST explains why white coat color was possibly favored by naturalselection over other coat colors? *Mark only one oval.

The white-coat color attracts more prey.

Polar bears with white coats are better camouflaged.

Polar bears choose mates with the whitest coat color.

The white-coat color is able to capture more heat.

23. 19. A mild environment begins to experience a gradual decrease in temperature resultingin much colder winters than previous years. Which variation would MOST likely beselected for in an organism that lives in this environment? *Mark only one oval.

one that requires an organism to nest in trees instead of on the ground

one that produces longer, more dense coats of fur

one that reduces fat and builds lean muscle

one that results in larger ears allowing for more efficient heat loss

24. 20. Golden eagles can see small objects from great distances. Which behavior of goldeneagles BEST explains why natural selection MOST likely favored this structuraladaptation? *Mark only one oval.

They build their nests on cliffs or rock outcroppings.

Offspring depend upon parent feeding after hatching.

Hunting occurs while flying through the air.

The color of their feathers lacks environmental camouflage.

25. 21. A species of fish known as the Astyanax mexicanus, lives in deep underground cavesoff the coast of Mexico. It is virtually blind. The same fish lives near the surface and hasfully functioning eyes. Over time what will MOST likely happen to the sighted and blindtypes of Astyanax mexicanus? *Mark only one oval.

They will become separate species.

One type will become extinct.

One type will mutate to become more like the other.

They will interbreed and exhibit only the dominant trait.

26. 22. Why is competition among males during mating season important in some animalspecies? *Mark only one oval.

It speeds the process of reproduction.

It provides the species with new ways of communication.

It ensures that genes from the fittest animals are passed on.

All of the above

Unit Test: EvolutionData Analysis

Figure 1

27. 23. Figure 1 illustrates an example of *Mark only one oval.

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

Geographic isolation

28. 24. Which of the following gives the BEST example for the outcome on Figure 1 *Mark only one oval.

Starlings produce an average of five eggs in each clutch. If there are more than five, theparents cannot adequately feed the young. If there are fewer than five, predators may destroy theentire clutch

The rocks at the bottom of a Mt. Hood stream are either black or white. Snails that live onthese rocks are a range of color from solid black to gray to solid white. A local freshwater fishloves to munch on these snails, but it cannot see the solid black or solid white snails when thesnails are on matching rocks. Grey does not blend into either rock color and is much easier tosee

Larger squirrels can carry larger acorns to their burrows, and they outcompete smallersquirrels when acorn supplies are limited.

Panthers with teeth that are too short have difficulty capturing prey, while panthers withteeth that are too long have difficulty chewing their food

29. 25. Figure 2 illustrates an example of *Mark only one oval.

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

Geographic isolation

Figure 2

30. 26. Which of the following gives the BEST example for the outcome on Figure 2 *Mark only one oval.

Starlings produce an average of five eggs in each clutch. If there are more than five, theparents cannot adequately feed the young. If there are fewer than five, predators may destroy theentire clutch

The rocks at the bottom of a Mt. Hood stream are either black or white. Snails that live onthese rocks are a range of color from solid black to gray to solid white. A local freshwater fishloves to munch on these snails, but it cannot see the solid black or solid white snails when thesnails are on matching rocks. Grey does not blend into either rock color and is much easier tosee

Larger squirrels can carry larger acorns to their burrows, and they outcompete smallersquirrels when acorn supplies are limited.

Panthers with teeth that are too short have difficulty capturing prey, while panthers withteeth that are too long have difficulty chewing their food

Figure 3

31. 27. Figure 3 illustrates an example of *Mark only one oval.

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

Geographic isolation

32. 28. Which of the following gives the BEST example for the outcome on Figure 3 *Mark only one oval.

A cat prefers to eat darker colored mice than medium or light colored mice

The rocks at the bottom of a Mt. Hood stream are either black or white. Snails that live onthese rocks are a range of color from solid black to gray to solid white. A local freshwater fishloves to munch on these snails, but it cannot see the solid black or solid white snails when thesnails are on matching rocks. Grey does not blend into either rock color and is much easier tosee

Larger squirrels can carry larger acorns to their burrows, and they outcompete smallersquirrels when acorn supplies are limited.

Panthers with teeth that are too short have difficulty capturing prey, while panthers withteeth that are too long have difficulty chewing their food

Unit Test: EvolutionData Analysis

Figure 4

33. 29. According to Figure 4, which organism developed jaws, lungs, but no fur? *Mark only one oval.

Hagfish

Lizard

Mouse

Chimpanzee

34. 30. According to Figure 4, which two organisms share the most recent common ancestor?*Mark only one oval.

Chimpanzee and salamander

Mouse and pigeon

Hagfish and perch

Salamander and lizard

35. 31. According to the cladogram in Figure 4, what is the structural difference between alizard and a pigeon? *Mark only one oval.

Lizards developed claws and lungs while the pigeon does not

Pigeons developed feathers while lizards did not

Pigeons developed fur while lizards did not

Neither of them have mammary glands

Figure 5

36. 32. Figure 5 shows the protein sequences of 9 different species. According to Figure 5,which of the following is most closely to the Rabbit? *Mark only one oval.

Human

Tuna

Frog

Monkey

37. 33. Figure 5 is an example of: *Mark only one oval.

Comparative anatomy

Comparative embryology

Comparative biochemistry

All of the above

Unit Test: EvolutionData Analysis

Figure 6

38. 34. Figure 6 shows analogous structures. Analogous structures developed from which ofthe following *Mark only one oval.

Divergent evolution

Convergent evolution

Coevolution

Disruptive selection

39. 35. Which of the following best explains why the structures in Figure 6 are analogous? *Mark only one oval.

All four structures have the similar bone features

All four structures give the organisms the ability to fly

All structures come from different ancestors

Both A and B

Both B and C

None of the above

Figure 7

40. 36. Figure 7 shows an example of *Mark only one oval.

Divergent evolution

Reproductive isolation

Geographic isolation

All of the above

Unit Test: EvolutionData Analysis

Figure 8

41. 37. The Arctic fox and the Ptarmigan live under similar environmental conditions. Which ofthe following statements BEST describes why both species are white in color? *Mark only one oval.

The Arctic fox and the Ptarmigan are both white in color because they come from acommon ancestor

The white color allows for both species to survive in the environment

The white color for both species is an example of analogous structures

Both A and B

Both B and C

Both A and C

Figure 9

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42. 38. If all four species of finches in Figure 9 lived on the same island, which contains mainlyhard seeds, which of the following will MOST LIKELY occur? *Mark only one oval.

Species 2 and 3 will interbreed to reduce competition

There will be directional selection favoring species 1

There will be stabilizing selection favoring species 2 and 3

All four species will become extinct

FINAL PAGE

43. Rate the difficulty of this test on a scale from 1-10. *Mark only one oval.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Extremelyeasy

Extremelydifficult