unit ten lead-in activities vocabulary enrichment structure analysis translation guided writing

Unit Ten

Lead-in Activities

Vocabulary Enrichment

Structure Analysis

Translation

Guided Writing

Class discussion

Discuss with the class the topic: Is honesty going out of style?

I. Lead-in Activities

Is honesty going out of style?

Topic for discussion:

Some people say that honesty pays and dishonesty suffers. Do you agree?

Other people insist that if you want to survive in this society you must learn to be dishonest. What do you say to this?

As far as school is concerned, what do you think is the most serious ethical problem?


Directions: Watch the video and see

other people’s opinions on honesty.

People’s opinions on honesty



1. What is the woman’s opinion on honesty?

Possible answer: She thinks honesty is of primary importance to her.

2. How did honesty help her in her life?

Possible answer: It helped her life to take on a new perspective.


3. Why does the woman say “being honest is a wonderful feeling”?

Possible answer: Because she doesn’t have to hide behind others. She can be herself and people can accept her as she really is.


Listen to a short passage and try the best of your ability to answer some questions.


1. What must you have in order to be honest?

Possible answer: You must have a moral standard inside you to judge the quality of your behavior.

2. What are the three principles that constitute honesty?


Possible answers:

We must stand firmly for our convictions ( beliefs ).

We should always give other people the praise they merit.

We should be honest and open about who we are.


3. What two qualities help makerelationships stronger?

One is to have self-respect and the other is to have a clear conscience. The former demands us to be as good as our word ; the latter urges us to behave impartially and never follow the fashions blindly.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

Useful expressions

1. either…or…, no middle point 要么……要么…… . 没有折中办法

examples:

我们要么接受他们的邀请，要么婉言谢绝，没有折中的办法。

We can either accept their invitation or decline it; there is no middle point.


We had to either fight to the end or wait for our death. There was no middle point.

我们要么战斗到底，要么坐以待毙，没有折中的办法。

II. Vocabulary Enrichment2. where: conj.

1) In / at the place in/ at which 在…地方

Where food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year.

2) To any place that… 去任何地方

I will go where I am needed.


3. demonstrate:

1) show, be an example of

The fireman demonstrated great courage in saving the child.

2) prove; establish

The lawyer demonstrated that the witness was lying.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment3) show and explain how sth works or a way of doing it

An assistant demonstrated the washing machine to the customers.

4) As an intransitive verb: take part in a public rally

The students took to streets to demonstrate against war.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment4. to sell out (to): betray one’s principle or one’s side为…而背叛立场 ; 出卖…

The officer was charged with selling out to the enemy.

His early pictures were some of the original I have ever seen before he sold out to the mass market.

违背自己的宗旨去迎合大众市场

sold out to the mass market.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment5. relative to

和…相关的

related to;

connected to

referring to

having something to do withhaving a connection with


examples:

the facts

relative torelated toconnected withreferring tohaving sth to do withIn relation tohaving a connection with

the case

和这一案件有关的事实


6. at hand: under consideration; being considered

examples:

Her question was not related to the matter at hand.

她提出的问题与正在考虑中的问题无关。


7. to be in short supply: not enough; scarce; lacking

Fresh vegetables are likely to be in short supply this winter.

Qualified English teachers are in short supply in the broad areas of the countryside.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment8. the bottom line: the deciding point

细节就不要说了，说说关键吧。 Forget the detail and give me the bottom line.bottom line

the

我们是否加入世贸组织是这场争论的关键。 Whether or not we should enter the WTO is the real bottom line in the debate.


9. Stand firmly for sth: support; be in favor of sth 坚决主张、支持

examples:

He stands (firmly) for equality in employment.

Our party stands (firmly) for racial tolerance.

我们党坚决主张种族间相互平等。

II. Vocabulary Enrichment10. ensure, assure

I __________ you of his honesty.

A. assure B. insure C. ensure D. confirm

assure

Note 1: Only “assure” can be used with “of ”, ( assure sb of sth)


We must _________ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.

A. assure B. secure C. ensure D. certifyensure

I __________ you that the goods will be delivered next week.

A. assure B. insist C. ensure D. confirm

assure

Note 2: “Ensure” is followed by a that-clause directly without any personal pronoun in between, while “assure” must be followed by a personal pronoun before that-clause.


This medicine will _______ you a good night’s sleep.

A. assure B. certify C. ensure D. sure

We ________ ourselves against possible disappointment.

A. assure B. certify C. ensure D. sure

ensure

ensure

Note 3: “Ensure” can take a double object or be used with “against”, while “assure” cannot.

II. Vocabulary EnrichmentI was __________ that it was a good investment.

A. assured C. ensuredassured

Note 4: “Assure” is used in its passive form, while “ensure” is not.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment11. account for: 1) give a satisfactory record of 交待、报账

He was unable to account for the deficit in the firm’s bank balance.

他对该公司财金的短缺无法报账。

You’ll have to account for every penny of the money that was entrusted to you.

你得对交给你保管的每一分钱做个交代。

II. Vocabulary Enrichment2) explain, be the reason of

Peter was crazy. It’s the only thing that will account for his strange behavior.

12. concede: yield, give in 屈服、让步

You will spoil the child if you concede to his demand every time.

I never concede in argument.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment13. to give others credit that is rightfully theirs

Give credit where credit is due.

Give credit to sb for sth: praise sb for sth

examples: 该表扬就表扬。

She was given the credit for what I had done.

我干工作，她受表扬。

总是给一以予被人应得的表扬。


14. genuine: true; real

genuine leather

genuine happiness

genuine feeling

genuine sorrow


15. core values: the most important values

corecore --the central or most important part

get to the core of the argument

be true to the core

the core of a theory

touch the very core of one’s heart

be rotten to the core

核心、实质


16. tough 16. tough

1) tough+ sth

a tough job/ a tough game / a tough problem / a tough journey

B. = difficult

A. = severe, unyielding

take a tough line with the offenders

take tough measures to tackle terrorism

对罪犯采取强硬方针

对恐怖分子采取严厉措施


16. tough 16. tough

2) tough + sb

A. rough; violent

a tough criminal 凶暴的罪犯B. able to endure hardship; not easily injured

You need to be tough to survive in the jungle.

不易击败的；能耐劳苦的


17. enrich17. enrich = improve

读书可以充实头脑。

旅游可以增长人的阅历。The traveling experiences may enrich one’s life.

Reading enriches the mind.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment18. …to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror

Tracks:

what one has done before

cover one’s tracks: leave no evidence of where one has been or what one has been doing 掩盖行踪或所做事的痕迹rear at the back ; in the back

a rear view of the house 房子的后视景the rear door of the car 汽车后门the rear-view mirror 汽车的后视镜

II. Vocabulary Enrichment19. win the day: succeed; be successful

在竞争激烈的社会里获得成功说起来容易做起来难，但是她已经做到了。

To win the day in the highly competitive society is easier said than done. But she has made it.

III. Structure analysis

1. Sentence patterns for exposition of sth.

原句

Integrity is an inner compass for judging your behavior

句型提炼

Integrity is an inner compass for judging your behavior

Integrity is an inner compass for judging your behavior. (L.7)

正直是判断自身行为的心灵正直是判断自身行为的心灵标尺标尺 ( ( 指南指南 )) 。。

( 一 )

Sth. is a compass / a good test / the basis for （ doing ） sth. else. … 是（做）…的指南／试金石／基础。


examples:

路遥知马力，日久见人心。As distance is a good test for knowing a horse’s strength, so time is a good compass for judging a person’s heart.

自制力是衡量一个人是否有涵养的心灵标尺。

Self-restraint is an inner compass for judging people’s virtue of patience.

III. Structure analysisNote 1: The underlined part can be replaced by a guarantee/ the art/ the bottom line / the purpose / the best way followed by the preposition “of”.

examples:

Honesty is a guarantee of enriching your relationships with others. (line 43)

诚信是加深你与他人关系的保证。

the bottom line of enriching…(… 的关键 )


Note 2: The underlined part can also be replaced by a key/ a trick followed by the preposition “to”.

examples:

Diet and exercise are to

good health.

the keythe secret the trick

均衡的饮食和运动是保持身体健康的诀窍。


原句

A good test for this value is to apply what I call the “Integrity Triangle…, (L. 9)

一个检验这一价值观的好办法就一个检验这一价值观的好办法就是运用本人所说的“正直三角原是运用本人所说的“正直三角原则则

句型提炼 (二 )

A good test for sth. is to do sth. else. 一个检验事的好办法一个检验事的好办法 ( ( 诀窍诀窍 ) ) 就是……就是……

句型提炼


Note 3: The underlined part can be replaced by the key / the trick / the best course, followed by the preposition “to”.

examples:

A good test for the child’s honesty is to leave her purse on the table.

The trick to good health is to do exercise regularly.


原句

…..integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand. (L. 5)

正直就得有自己的道德界定标准正直就得有自己的道德界定标准，既不贪财图利，也不因所处的环境而妥协。

句型提炼 (三 )

Sth. / Doing sth. involves / entails / means doing sth. else. ( 做做 ))某事就得……某事就得……


examples:

所谓所谓创造，就得敢于向得到公认的理论挑战。

Creativity entails having the courage to challenge the well-established theories.


Her house keeping job involves looking after a family of ten.

involves

Accepting the job means often traveling at weekends.

examples:

means

III. Structure analysis2. structure for discriminative analysis

(辩证分析 )原句

If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants. (L. 31)

如果如果我们每个人都聘用比我们差的人，我们每个人都聘用比我们差的人，那么那么我们我们的公司就会变成一家矮子公司。的公司就会变成一家矮子公司。但是如果但是如果我们每我们每个人都聘用比我们强的人，个人都聘用比我们强的人，那么那么我们的公司我们的公司就会就会变成一家巨人公司。变成一家巨人公司。


examples:

如果一个民族松散得像一盘散沙，那么它会被任人宰割。但是如果一个民族团结得像一个人一样，那么它将无所畏惧。

If a nation is disunited like a heap of loose sand, it will be subject to invasion. But if a nation is united like one man, it will have nothing to fear.


examples:

如果一个人经常说一些像“糟透了”、“痛苦死了”这样不祥的字眼，那么他的生活就摆脱不掉事物的阴暗面。但是如果一个人常常说诸如“妙极了”、“有刺激”等欢乐的字眼，那么他的生活就会充满欢乐和希望。If one often says such unhappy words as “terrible” and “painful”, his life will be seized with the dark side of things. But if one often utters happy words, like “wonderful” and “exciting”, his life will be full of joy and hope.

1.1. 你要么跟我们出去，要么待在家里，没有折你要么跟我们出去，要么待在家里，没有折中办法。中办法。

You have to either go out with us or stay at home. There is no middle point.

either… or…either… or… middle pointmiddle point

IV. Translation

Translate the following into Englishtranslationtranslation

2.2. 老师表扬了那些学习用功、考试考得好的学老师表扬了那些学习用功、考试考得好的学生。生。

The teacher gave credit to the students who had studied hard and done well in the exam.

give credit togive credit to do well in the examdo well in the exam

3. 3. 我工作的地方有很多计算机。我工作的地方有很多计算机。（（ wherewhere ））

Where I work there are plenty of computers.

where I workwhere I work plenty ofplenty of

IV. Translation

4.4. 换言之，要保持自我，面对现实，不可贪换言之，要保持自我，面对现实，不可贪财图利。财图利。

In other words, be yourself and face reality, but don’t sell out to convenience.

in other in other wordswords

don’t sell out to don’t sell out to convenienceconvenience

be be oneselfoneself

IV. Translation

5.5. 那些缺乏真正内涵的人总是依赖外在因素那些缺乏真正内涵的人总是依赖外在因素—如外表或地位，以使自己感觉良好。—如外表或地位，以使自己感觉良好。

Those who lack genuine core values always rely on external factors——their looks or status——in order to feel good about themselves.

lack genuine lack genuine core valuescore values

feel good feel good about oneselfabout oneself

rely on external rely on external factorsfactors

IV. Translation

V. Guided writing

A paragraph of a general principle supported by details

Don’t Be Afraid to Try

要求

围绕主题举出至少 2 个例子来说明勇于尝试的重要性。

V. Guided writing

写作结构

a general principle

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3

Conclusion

V. Guided writing

写作模版

There may be many chances in your life. Unless……, you won’t…. ..So don’t be afraid to try! I remember…… ( 实例 1 ). With the passage of time, I gradually…… ( 实例 2 ). Today I have a chance again: … ( 实例 3 ). If you don’t ……, how can you ……? So …… (结论 ).

V. Guided writing

Reference model:

There may be many chances in your life. Unless you seize the chance and do your best every time, you won’t succeed. So don’t be afraid to try!

I remember quite clearly that when I was in junior middle school, a chance came that I could attend a national mathematic competition. Teachers and

V. Guided writing

Classmates all had strong confidence in me. They hoped I could win a prize. But for some reason, I was afraid, and wanted to give up. My teacher reproached me heavily, “Why should you give up? It’s a good chance for you . You shouldn’t be afraid to try. You must know that chances are not always before you. If you don’t try, you’ll accomplish nothing.” So I attended the competition. As it turned

V. Guided writing

Out, I won a prize. But I shrugged. I look on it as good luck. I never really understood the significance behind this matter and those words.

With the passage of time, I gradually find that I lost much. I had many chances, but I gave all these up and they never came again.

Today I have a chance again: to

V. Guided writing

perform in the English Carnival. It’s my first time to stand on the stage and put on a show in English. At first, I wanted to give up like before. But a friend said to me,” Why? I you don’t try, how can you prove yourself and your talent? And what’s more, friends will always stand by you. How can you waste their confidence in you?” I was shocked. At last I stood on the stage and sang. Hearing the warm applause, I was

moved and found something: One should never give up so easily. God only helps those who help themselves. So, don’t be afraid to try!

V. Guided writing

unit ten lead-in activities vocabulary enrichment structure analysis translation guided writing

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