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2

UNIT Simple Present Are You Often Online?

1 Grammar in the Real World A What kinds of things do you do on the Internet? Read the magazine article.

What is one good thing and one bad thing about spending time online?

Balancing Time Online and Time with People

In today's busy world, people spend a lot of time with computers, and they spend less and less time with people. Does this change how people

s interact with family and friends? Does it help or hurt people and relationships? Sociologists1 disagree about this. Some worry about the Internet's effect on our friends and family. Others think

10 this is not a problem. Studies show that people spend

less face-to-face2 time with family and friends than they did a few years ago. Instead, they play online games,

15 shop online, and also look at social networking sites. In the United States, the average person spends 13 hours a week online. They interact face-toface less, and this sometimes has bad

20 effects. For example, some people do not spend time together as a family very often. They talk less because they spend more time online.

Sometimes technology helps 25 people improve their relationships with

others. For example, social networking sites help people stay in touch with friends and family who live far away. They enable people to reconnect with old friends and classmates. 30

Are you worried about the time you spend online? If so, try to make a schedule. Schedule time away from the computer to be with family and friends. Try to balance online time with 35

face-to-face time.

'sociologist: someone who studies people and society j 2face-to-face: meeting with someone in the same place directly

B

c

2. A

•

:tworking h with r away. nect with

30

~time

>make •ay from ly and time with 35

B Comprehension Check Answer the questions.

1. What do sociologists disagree about? 2. How much time does the average person in the United States spend online

per week? 3. What is face-to-face time? What are some examples offace-to-face time? 4. Does the article say not to use computers?

C Notice Find the sentences in the article and complete them.

Simple Present

1. In to day's busy world, people a lot of time with computers, and they less and less time with people.

2. Sociologists about this.

3. In the United States, the average person 13 hours a week online.

4. Sometimes technology people improve their relationships with others.

Look at the words you wrote in the blanks. Which of the verbs end in -s?

21 Simple Present

..,. Grammar Presentation

The simple present describes habits, general truths, feelings, or thoughts.

Many people spend up to 8 hours a day online.

I play games online every night.

My sister loves to shop online.

2.1 Affirmative and Negative Statements --------------------------------AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

Do/Does Base Form Subject Verb I Subject +Not of Verb

I I I You

shop You do not

We We don't They online. They shop online.

l

He/She/It shops He/She/It does not I doesn't I

Are You Often Online? 3

2.2 Affirmative and Negative Statements with Be

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

Subject Be Subject

I am I

You You We are online. We

They They

He/She/It is He/She/It

CONTRACTIONS

Affirmative Negative

I'm I'm not

You're You're not You aren't We're We're not We aren't They're They're not They aren't

He's He's not He isn't She's She's not She isn't It's It's not It isn't

Data from the Real World 1ft Research shows the contractions 's not and 're not are more common after pronouns (he, she, you, etc.) than isn't and aren't.

Be careful not to use contractions in formal writing.

4 Unit 1 Simple Present

Be+Not

am not

are not online.

is not

'""'""" w 11111111 tsn't I aren't

Say: "He's not feeling well today."

Write: He is not feeling well today.

Simple Present

2.3 Yes I No Questions and Short Answers

Do/Does

Do

Subject

I you we they

Does he/she/it

Base ·

Form of Verb

shop online?

-------------------------------

Short Answers

Yes, I do. Yes, you do. Yes, we do. Yes, they do.

No, I don't. No, you don't. No, we don't. No, they don't.

Yes, he I she I it does. No, he I she I it doesn't.

2.4 Information Questions and Answers Base Form

Wh-Word Do/Does Subject of Verb Answers

I

Where do you

When we

How often they shop?

I shop online. You shop at night. We shop once a week. They shop every day.

does he I she I it He shops every night.

Wh- Word Verb Answers

Who uses e-mail? Everyone uses e-mail!

What helps people reconnect? The Internet helps people reconnect.

2.5 Using Simple Present Statements

a. Use the simple present to describe habits and routines (usual and regular activities).

b. Use the simple present to describe facts, general truths, feelings, or thoughts.

c. Use the simple present with adverbs of frequency to say how often something happens.

I usually read the news online.

We eat together as a family on weekends.

The average person spends 13 hours a week online.

Some people worry about the effects of the Internet.

0% 100% never seldom occasionally often usually always

hardly ever* sometimes almost always rarely normally

*ever: at any time


2.5 Using Simple Present Statements (continued)

d. Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb in affirmative statements but after the verb be.

e. Do not use sometimes after not.

Note that meaning can change in negative statements with adverbs of frequency.

f. Sometimes, occasionally, normally, often, usually, and almost always can come before the verb or at the beginning or end of a sentence.

g. Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb in questions.

I occasionally play online games.

I am hardly ever free.

Sometimes people do not check e-mail.

People cio Aot sometimes check e-mail.

I don't always check e-mail.

(Does not mean "I never check e-mail:')

I usually check my e-mail at home.

Usually, I check my e-mail at home.

I check my e-mail at home usually.

Do you always study at night? Yes, I do.

Do you ever watch You Tube? No, I don't.

h. Do not use negative adverbs of I don't usually shop online.

frequency in negative sentences. 1 cioA't Ae~'erslwp oAifAe.

2.6 Using Simple Present Questions

a. Answer when or what time questions with time expressions.

b. Answer how often questions with frequency expressions.


What time do you shop online? I shop online at night. When do you check e-mail? I check e-mail during the day. When do you call your family? I call my family on Sunday night. When do you shop at the mall? I shop at the mall in December.

How often do you shop? I shop once a week. How often do you check e-mail? I check e-mail three times a day.

E: A Ut

B

E

night.

1gtheday. n

ill

;hreetimes I

...,. Grammar Application

Exercise 2.1 Statements · A Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Use contractions when possible.

l. My family and friends use (use) the computer for all sorts of things.

2. I (use) an online dictionary for my classes.

3. My friend Mark (shop) for clothes online.

Simple Present

4. Our classmates Marta and Raul (check) their e-mail at the library.

5. My best friend Ana (not be) on any social networking sites.

6. Ana and her sister Claudia (not buy) groceries online.

7. My family (spend) a lot of time online.

8. My brother Sam is online a lot, but he also (interact) with our family.

9. Technology (not hurt) my relationships.

B Over to You Rewrite three sentences in A so they are true about you. Then compare your sentences with a partner.

A I don't use an online dictionary. How about you?

8 No, I don 't, but I shop for clothes online.

Exercise 2.2 Frequency Adverbs _., Listen to Alex and Karen talk about their online activities. Complete the sentences with the correct adverb of frequency.

l. Karen hardlv ever shops at the mall. ,

2. Karen shops online.

3. Alex shops online.

4. Karen buys clothes online.

5. Karen buys shoes online.

6. Karen pays her bills online.

7. Karen uses stamps.

8. Alex goes to the post office.

r~"~i:t.'>:~ itt"" ,. %~- -

Are You Often Online? ..

Exercise 2.3 Time Expressions and Frequency Adverbs Look at the things Brandon does online. Then complete the sentences. Circle the correct answer.

Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri.

Watch videos

Read the news ./ ./ ./

Shop for groceries ./ ./

Play games ./

Check e-mail ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./

Shop for clothes

1. Brandonc§Ccasionalij)l never watches videos online.

2. He checks e-mail sometimes I every day.

3. He seldom I often reads the news online.

4. Brandon always plays games on Thursday I on Saturday.

5. He shops for groceries online twice I once a week.

6. He hardly ever I never plays games.

7. Brandon always I rarely checks e-mail.

8. He never I sometimes shops for clothes online.

Exercise 2.4 Questions A Unscramble the words to make questions. Then write two questions of your own.

1. own I Do I a computer? I you Do you own a computer?

2. the news I Do I read I you I online?

3. often I shop online? I do I How I you

4. usually I check I do I you I your I Where I e-mail?

5. website? I your I favorite I is I What

6. music? I you I Do I download I sometimes

Sat.

./

./

7. ------------------------------------------------------------------

8. ------------------------------------------------------------------


8 Group question

A Ooyo1

8 No,/Q

C PairW /own ac Peter do'

3\Time ~ Gram1

Time cla1

sequenc describe

certains

3.1 Tim

Tim

As

3.2 Fac

Cor

3.3 Usi

a. Use ti happ

Use c

b. Use c the s

c. Use 1

" ? r.

Sat.

./

./

Simple Present

B Group Work Ask three classmates the questions in A. Answer your classmates' questions. Give extra information. ·

A Do you own a computer?

8 No, I don 't. But I use the computers at the library. They're free!

C Pair Work Tell a partner some things you learned in B.

I own a computer, but Peter doesn't. He uses the computers at the library. Peter doesn't shop online, but I do.

31 Time Clauses and Factual Conditionals

... Grammar Presentation Time clauses in the present tense show the sequence of events. Factual conditionals describe things that are generally true in a certain situation.

3.1 Time Clauses

Time Clause Main Clause

Before After

I get to work, I check my

As soon as e-mail. When

3.2 Factual Conditionals

Condition Main Clause

If I get an e-mail, I feel great!

3.3 Using Time Clauses

a. Use time clauses to say when the main clause happens.

Use after to introduce the first event.

b. Use as soon as to introduce the first event when the second event happens immediately after.

c. Use while when events happen at the same time.

When I get home, I check my e-mail. If it's/ate, I don 't stay online for a long time.

Main Clause Time Clause

before I check my after

I get to work. e-mail as soon as

when

Main Clause Condition

I I feel great if I get an e-mail.

SECOND EVENT FIRST EVENT

I check my e-mail after I get home.

FIRST EVENT SECOND EVENT

As soon as I change my password, I forget it.

While I'm online, I check my e-mail.


3.3 Using Time Clauses (continued)

d. When means "at almost the same time." Use when to introduce the first event.

e. Use before to introduce the second event.

f. Use a comma if the time clause comes first.

g. A time clause by itself is not a complete sentence.

3.4 Using Factual Conditionals

a. Use factual conditiona ls to describe things that are generally true in certain situations. The condition describes a situation. The main clause describes the result of the situation.

b. Use if when one event depends on another one happening.

c. A condition by itself is not a complete sentence.

...,_ Grammar Application

Exercise 3.1 Time Clauses


I visit social networking sites when I get home.


Before I go to work, I check my e-mail.

Before I go out, I check my e-mail.

After I check my e-mail, I read the news.

Before I go out, I turn off my computer.

Befor:e I go out. I turn off my computer.

CONDITION MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)

If I need a recipe, I go to a cooking site.

If I need directions, I go to a map site.

(I go to a map site only because I need directions.)

If I need directions, I go to a map site.

!f! Aced eh'CCtiOFIS. I go to a map site .

A Read about Dave. Then complete the sentences. Circle the correct words.

• Dave gets out of bed and immediately turns on his computer.

• Then he checks his e-mail.

• He plays an online game. Then he goes to work.

• At work, Dave checks his e-mail many times a day.

• He gets home and immediately turns on his computer.

• He stays at home all evening and plays online games.

• He sometimes eats dinner and sits in front of his computer.

• He visits a social networking site. Then he goes to bed.


B

Ex

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

FIRST EVENT

'lhen I get home.

vENT

ye-mail.

mail.

rdthenews.

Jmputer.

Jmputer.

)E (RESULT)

>oking site.

nap site.

1use I need

r map site.

nap site.

LQ\s soon ay Before he gets out of bed in the morning, Dave turns on his computer.

2. After I Before he turns on his computer, he checks his e-mail.

3. He plays an online game when I before he goes to work.

4. As soon as / While he is at work, Dave checks his e-mail many times a day.

5. Before I As soon as Dave gets home, he turns on his computer again.

6. Dave usually plays online games after I while he is at home in the evening.

7. Dave sometimes eats dinner while I after he sits in front of his computer.

8. Dave visits a social networking site before I as soon as he goes to bed.

B Pair Work Compare your behavior with Dave's. Discuss it with a partner.

A As soon as I get out of bed in the morning, I turn on my computer. How about you?

B I turn my computer on after I make coffee.

Exercise 3.2 Time Clauses and Factual Conditionals Read the sentences about Internet research. Underline the time clause or condition. Circle the main clause.

e i[Q.· Q:

W. ...._ VkMo l.oul ~ "'-

["identity theft"

l. When Dani has a school assignment.@ie?ften does research on the Interne].

2. She usually starts with a search engine when she does research.

Simple Present

3. If the topic is general, Dani thinks about the best words to put into the search engine.

4. For example, if the topic is "How to avoid identity theft:' Dani uses avoid identity theft.

5. If she gets too many results, she puts quotation marks around the words "identity theft:'

6. She clicks on a result if it comes from a useful site.

7. When she gets to the page, she usually skims the information first.

8. She reads the entire page if the information seems useful.


Exercise 3.3 More Factual Conditionals A Match the task with the website you go to.

If you ... you go to ...

1. forget the actors in an old movie, _ e_ a. a sports site.

2. need the definitions of some words, __ b. an online encyclopedia.

3. want to know the score of a soccer game, __ c. a recipe site.

4. need to know the temperature in Chicago today, __ d. your library's website.

5. need a book at the library, __ e. a movie site.

6. drive to a new friend's house, __ f an online dictionary.

7. want to cook something new for dinner, __ g. a weather site.

8. forget the birth date of a famous person, __ h. a map site.

B Over to You Write conditional sentences about your own Internet research. Use the ideas in A or your own ideas. Then compare your sentences with a partner.

1. If I forget the title of a book, I go to an online bookstore 2. Ifi ________________________________________________ __

! ______________________________________________________ _

3. Ifl ______________________________________________ _

I ____________________________________________________ _

4. I ____________________________________________________ _

if I -------------------------------------------------------5. I ____________________________________________________ _

ifl -------------------------------------------------------


£1. Av

1.

2.U

li

3.R

1edia.

ite.

y.

~r.

4 Avoid Common Mistakes & 1. Do not contract not with am.

I'm not ~online every day.

2. Use the correct form of do with singular and plural subjects. doesn't

He tleft!t own a computer.

3. Remember to form information questions correctly. does the professor

Where the orofessor does post his comments?

4. Do not use sometimes after not. Sometimes I do not check l c/o not sometimes check e-mail on the weekends.

5. Always use a comma if a time clause or a condition clause begins a sentence. When I change my password, I write 1t down. WhPn I rhnnr-JP R'IV nn~w;n,"f'i J wriw it dnwn.

Editing Task Find and correct 10 more mistakes in this blog entry.

doesn't My roommate Mark plays online games. He dotH own a computer, so he goes

to a computer lab. How often he does play? He plays every night! As soon as he

finishes his homework he goes to the lab. He does not sometimes come home until

midnight. He usually plays with people from around the world. He don't know the

other players, but it doesn't matter. When Mark gets home he always has stories

about the games he plays. Why people play these games? I do not understand. I

amn't like Mark. I always play with people face-to-face when I play a game. When

I play a game I know the people. Does many people play online games? How often

you do play online games?

Simple Present


5 Grammar for Writing / Using Simple Present with Time Clauses

Writers often use the simple present to talk about habits and routines. They use adverbs of frequency and time clauses to explain when these habits and routines happen. This helps to guide readers through an essay or through a process, such as a description of things we regularly do.

Remember:

• Use the simple present to talk about habits, general truths, feelings, or thoughts.

My cell phone does not work well in this area.

• Time clauses with before, after, as soon as, and when help show the order of ideas.

Before she has breakfast, she usually goes for a run.

After she fin ishes work, Susie meets her friends.

• Adverbs of frequency such as never, sometimes, and often, and frequency and time expressions such as at night, during the day, and twice a day show when and how often things happen.

He often checks his e-mail at work.

Franco works from home three days a week.

Pre-writing Task 1 Read the paragraph below. When do the writer's friends use their cell phones? Is the

writer the same or different?

My Friends and Their Cell Phones

My friends can't live without their cell phones. When they lose their cell phones,

they become very nervous and upset. When I am with my friends, I feel that they do

not always listen to me. I think it is because they text wherever they are. They text at

restaurants, at parties, in class, and they even text on dates. Some of my friends send

texts after they go to bed. As soon as they wake up, they check their messages. I rarely

text. I prefer talking with people face-to-face.

2 Read the paragraph again. Underline the adverbs of frequency, the frequency expressions, and the time expression. Circle the time clauses.


Wri 1 l'1

h< e m

Us

2 Se ne

l.

2. 3.1

4. I

adverbs This helps 1ings we

ughts.

Fideas.

ndtime I how

he

hones,

:ydo

ext at

send

rarely

Writing Task 1 Write Use the paragraph in the Pre~ writing Task to help you write about a

habit or routine that your friends have. Use adverbs of frequency, frequency expressions, and time expressions. You can write about these things or use your own ideas.

• cell phone, Internet, or computer use • exercise habits • TVhabits

• eating or cooking habits • study habits • weekend habits

Use these sentence starters to help you.

• My friends __ as soon as they __ .

• When they __ , they __ .

• After they __ , they __ .

2 Self-Edit Use the editing tips below to improve your paragraph. Make any necessary changes.

l. Did you use the simple present to talk about habits and routines that happen frequently?

2. Did you use time clauses to show the order of ideas? 3. Did you use adverbs of frequency and time and frequency expressions

to show when and how often things happen? 4. Did you avoid the mistakes in the Avoid Common Mistakes chart on

page 13?

Simple Present


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