Unit III - Planning

MARIA REYLAN M. GARCIA, R.N.

Central Philippine UniversitySchool of Graduate Studies

LESSON PRESENTATION

Lopez-Jaena Street, Iloilo City

a. Define planning as an element of management and of nursing practice

b. Arrange the different components of the planning hierarchy

c. Identify the reasons or purposes of planning

Objectives

At the end of the interactive discussion, the graduate students will be able to:

d. Differentiate the four modes/orientations of planning and the different types of planning

e. Describe the strategic planning process using the 9-method approach

f. Differentiate the budgeting methods of fiscal planning

Objectives

g. Criticize a planned expenditure using a decision package of the Zero-based budgeting approach

h. Verbalize the importance of the components of planning hierarchy in the entire dynamics of an organization

i. Make a personal vision, mission and philosophy

Objectives

I. DEFINITION OF PLANNINGa. Planning in the Management Process

b. Planning in Nursingc. Planning Hierarchy

II. REASONS/PURPOSES OF PLANNING

III.TYPES OF PLANNINGa. Modes/Orientationb. Strategic Planning

Topic Outline

Topic Outline

c. Operational Planningd. Fiscal Planning

e. Tactical Planning

Failure is not an option in nursing.

Introduction

He, who fails to plan, plans to fail.

Plans may become the best weapons.

Planning is deciding in advance what to do; who is to do it; and how, when, and where it is to be done.

Definition

Definition

Henry Fayol wise use of

resources and the selection of the best approaches

proactive and deliberate process

PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Definition

skills like vision, creativity, flexibility and energy

continuous process

management functions are interdependent

PLANNING IN NURSING

Definition

Nurse administrators do not want to leave events to chance

provide nursing care desired and needed by the clients

PLANNING HIERARCHY

Definition

Vision and Mission

Philosophy

Goals and Objectives

Policies and Procedures

Rules

VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS

Definition

Vision statements are used to describe future goals of the organization.

Mission statements are brief statements identifying the reason why an organization exists.

PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS

Definition

The philosophy flows from the mission statement and then delineates the set of values and beliefs that guides all actions of the organization.

GOALS AND OBJECIVES

Definition

A goal is the direct result toward which effort is directed; it is the aim of the philosophy.

Objectives are similar to goals; but they are more specified and measurable than goals because they identify how and when the goal is to be accomplished.

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Definition

Policies are plans reduced into statements or instructions that direct organizations in their decision-making.

Procedures are plans that establish customary or acceptable ways of accomplishing a specific task and delineate a sequence of steps of required action.

RULES

Definition

Rules and regulations are plans that define specific action or nonaction.

WRITE YOUR OWN

Activity

VISION MISSION PHILOSOPH

Y

Reasons

increases the chances of success forces analytic thinking and

evaluation of alternatives establishes a framework for

decision making orients people to action rather

than reaction includes day-to-day and future-

focused managing

Reasons

helps avoid crisis management and provides decision-making flexibility.

basis for managing organizational and individual performance

increases employee involvement and improves communication

cost-effective

Types

MODES / ORIENTATION

Reactivism Inactivism Preactivism Proactivism

Types

TACTICAL PLANNING

short-term planning Lower-level units The plans only span for

one year or less because of short-term goals.

Types

STRATEGIC PLANNING

long-term planning involves a long

period, usually three to ten years

forecasts the future success of an organization

The Mission and the Creed

Data Collection

and Analysis

Assess strengths

and weaknesses

Types

9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

Goals and Objectives

Strategies

Timetable

Types

9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

Operational and

Functional Plans

Implementation

Evaluation

Types

9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

Types

9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

1. The Mission and the Creed2. Data Collection and

Analysis3. Assess strengths and

weaknesses4. Goals and Objectives5. Strategies

Types

9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

6. Timetable7. Operational and

Functional Plans8. Implementation9. Evaluation

Types

OPERATIONAL PLANNING

This is the written blueprint for achieving objectives

management plan Support tactical

plans

Types

FISCAL PLANNING

It is forecasting the costs of the organization based on current and projected needs.

Budget estimates expenditures and revenues by an agent for a stated future period.

Types

4 COMMON BUDGETING METHODS

Incremental Budgeting Flexible Budgeting New Performance

Budgeting Zero-based Budgeting

Types

ZERO-BASED BUDGETING

This type of budgeting method does not automatically assume that since a program has been funded previously, it should continue to be funded.

Types

ZERO-BASED BUDGETING: EXAMPLE

On implementing a mandatory Hepatitis B vaccination program at

a nursing school

Objectives Driving Forces

Restraining Forces

Types

ZERO-BASED BUDGETING: EXAMPLE

On implementing a mandatory Hepatitis B vaccination program at

a nursing school

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3

References

Marquis, B., & Huston, C. (2009). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application 6th edition. 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Roussel, L. (2006). Nursing Management and Leadership 4th edition. 40 Tall Pine Drive, Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishing, Inc.

CliffsNotes. (2012). Detailing Types of Plans. Retrieved January 10, 2012, from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Detailing-Types-of-Plans.topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8871.html